Stray Voltage Rules_06.pdf

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THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION--AGENCY 31
TITLE 61
CHAPTER 1

RULES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF
STRAY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE
(THE STRAY VOLTAGE RULES)

IDAPA 31.61.01.000

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RULES 0 THROUGH 11 – GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................ 1
000. LEGAL AUTHORITY (Rule 0)............................................................................................ 1
001. TITLE AND SCOPE (Rule 1). .............................................................................................. 1
01. Title ................................................................................................................................. 1
02. Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1
002. WRITTEN INTERPRETATIONS--AGENCY GUIDELINES (Rule 2). ............................. 1
003. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS (Rule 3). ........................................................................... 1
004. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE – REFERENCE TO SAFETY CODES (Rule 4). . 1
01. Safety Codes .................................................................................................................... 1
005. OFFICE – OFFICE HOURS – MAILING, ELECTRONIC AND STREET ADDRESSES
(Rule 5). ......................................................................................................................................... 2
01. Office Hours .................................................................................................................... 2
02. Mailing and Street Address ............................................................................................. 2
03. Electronic Address .......................................................................................................... 2
006. PUBLIC RECORDS ACT COMPLIANCE (Rule 6). .......................................................... 2
007. LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION (Rule 7). ............................................................................... 2
008. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES – FORMS (Rule 8). ...................................................... 3
009. ABBREVIATIONS (Rule 9). ................................................................................................ 3
010. DEFINITIONS (Rule 10). ..................................................................................................... 3
01. Adequate Remediation .................................................................................................... 3
02. Ampere ............................................................................................................................ 3
03. Commission ..................................................................................................................... 3
04. Cow Contact Points ......................................................................................................... 3
05. Equipotential Plane (EPP) ............................................................................................... 3
06. Preventive Action Level (PAL) ....................................................................................... 3
07. Primary System ............................................................................................................... 4
08. Secondary System ........................................................................................................... 4
09. Service Provider .............................................................................................................. 4
10. Shunt Resistor ................................................................................................................. 4
11. Source Resistance ............................................................................................................ 4
12. Steady State ..................................................................................................................... 4
13. Stray Current or Voltage ................................................................................................. 4
14. Test, Measurements, Procedures and Analysis ............................................................... 5
15. Transient .......................................................................................................................... 5
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16. Utility .............................................................................................................................. 5
011. PURPOSE OF RULES – CONFORMANCE TO ELECTRICAL CODE (Rule 11). ......... 5
012. – 020. (RESERVED). ............................................................................................................ 5

RULES 21 THROUGH 30 -- APPLICABILITY AND ADMISSIBILITY ................................... 5
021. UTILITY (Rule 21). .............................................................................................................. 5
022. DAIRY PRODUCER (Rule 22). ........................................................................................... 6
01. Serving Notice on the Utility .......................................................................................... 5
02. Cooperation ..................................................................................................................... 6
023. SERVICE PROVIDERS (Rule 23). ...................................................................................... 6
024. ADMISSIBILITY (Rule 24). ................................................................................................ 6
025. – 030. (RESERVED). ............................................................................................................ 6

RULES 31 THROUGH 40 -- QUALIFICATIONS OF PERSONS PERFORMING AND
ANALYZING RESULTS OF STRAY VOLTAGE TESTS .......................................................... 6
031. PERFORMANCE OF TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS (Rule 31). .................................. 6
01. Professional Engineer ...................................................................................................... 6
02. Master Electrician............................................................................................................ 6
03. Technician ....................................................................................................................... 7
032. DATA ANALYSIS (Rule 32). .............................................................................................. 7
033. PERSONS OTHERWISE QUALIFIED (Rule 33). .............................................................. 7
034. – 050. (RESERVED). ............................................................................................................ 7

RULES 51 THROUGH 60 -- CALIBRATION OF AND EQUIPMENT USED FOR
MEASURING AND RECORDING VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND RESISTANCE .................. 7
051. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STRAY VOLTAGE MEASURING AND
RECORDING EQUIPMENT (Rule 51). ........................................................................................ 7
01. Resolution and Accuracy................................................................................................. 7
02. Voltage Measurement ..................................................................................................... 7
03. Current Measurement ...................................................................................................... 7
04. Resistance Measurement ................................................................................................. 8
05. Resistance-to-Earth Measurement ................................................................................... 8
052. CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS (Rule 52). ................................................................... 8
01. Measuring Equipment Calibration .................................................................................. 8
02. Calibration Certificates ................................................................................................... 8
03. Field Check ..................................................................................................................... 8
053. REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING AND RECORDING DEVICES (Rule 53). ........ 8
054. REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD BOXES (Rule 54). ............................................................ 9
01. Volts ................................................................................................................................ 9
02. Split-Load ........................................................................................................................ 9
055. – 070. (RESERVED). ............................................................................................................ 9

RULES 71 THROUGH 80 -- TESTING AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES .................... 9
071. STRAY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE TESTS (Rule 71). ...................................................... 9
01. Scheduling of Stray Voltage Tests .................................................................................. 9
02. Testing Sequence ............................................................................................................. 9
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03. Suspended or Limited Testing ....................................................................................... 10
072. PREPARATION FOR TESTING (Rule 72). ...................................................................... 10
01. Remote Reference Grounding Rod ............................................................................... 10
02. Inspecting the Transformer(s) ....................................................................................... 11
03. In-Line Ammeters ......................................................................................................... 11
04. Pre-Test Documentation ................................................................................................ 11
05. Safety ............................................................................................................................. 12
073. TEST 1 – COW CONTACT TEST (Rule 73). .................................................................... 12
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 12
02. Selection of Cow Contact Points ................................................................................... 12
03. Conducting the Test ...................................................................................................... 12
04. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 14
05. Source Resistance Calculation ...................................................................................... 15
074. TEST 2 – FORTY-EIGHT (48) HOUR TEST (Rule 74). .................................................. 15
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 14
02. Setup .............................................................................................................................. 15
03. Measurement Interval .................................................................................................... 15
04. Measurement at the Cow Contact Point(s) .................................................................... 16
05. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 16
075. TEST 3 – PRIMARY PROFILE TEST (Rule 75). ............................................................. 16
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 16
02. Conducting the Test ...................................................................................................... 16
03. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 17
076. TEST 4 – SECONDARY NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DROP TEST (Rule 76). ..................... 17
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 17
02. Conducting the Test ...................................................................................................... 17
03. Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 18
04. Measurements ................................................................................................................ 18
05. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 19
077. TEST 5 – THE LOAD BOX TEST (Rule 77). ................................................................... 19
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 19
02. Conducting the Load Box Test ...................................................................................... 19
03. Calculating the K Factor ............................................................................................... 20
04. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 21
078. TEST 6 – SIGNATURE TEST (Rule 78). .......................................................................... 21
01. Purpose .......................................................................................................................... 21
02. Conducting the Signature Test ...................................................................................... 21
03. Recording the Data ........................................................................................................ 21
079. – 080. (RESERVED). ......................................................................................................... 21

RULES 81 THROUGH 90 -- ANALYSIS AND REPORTING THE DATA ............................. 22
081. ANALYZING THE COLLECTED DATA (Rule 81). ....................................................... 22
01. Cow Contact Points ....................................................................................................... 22
02. Contributions to Stray Voltage or Current for Single Phase Dairies ............................ 22
03. Contributions to Stray Voltage or Current for Three (3) Phase Dairies ........................ 22
082. REPORTING (Rule 82). ..................................................................................................... 23
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083. – 090. (RESERVED). .......................................................................................................... 23

RULES 91 THROUGH 92 -- REMEDIAL ACTIONS AND COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS ...
....................................................................................................................................... 23
091. REMEDIATION (Rule 91). ................................................................................................ 23
01. Utility System ................................................................................................................ 23
02. Other Dairies, Farms and Industrial Sites ..................................................................... 23
092. COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS (Rule 92). ...................................................................... 24
01. Filing with the Commission .......................................................................................... 24
02. Contents of Petition ....................................................................................................... 24
093. – 999. (RESERVED). .......................................................................................................... 24

APPENDIX 1 -- Test 1 -- Cow Contact Point Data Form
Test 1 -- Cow Contact Point Data Form Instructions

APPENDIX 2 -- Test 2 -- "48-Hour" Test Report Form 1
Test 2 -- "48-Hour" Test Report Form 1 Instructions
Test 2 -- Report Form 2 -- Supplemental Data for Farm Owner
Transient Deviations Found During "48-Hour" Test
Test 2 -- "48-Hour" Test Report Form 2 Instructions

APPENDIX 3 -- Primary Profile Data Form

APPENDIX 4 -- Secondary Neutral Voltage Drop Test
Secondary Neutral Voltage Drop Test Instructions

APPENDIX 5 -- Load Box Test
Load Box Test Instructions

APPENDIX 6 -- Equipment Signature Test Form
Equipment Signature Test Form Instructions

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THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION--AGENCY 31
TITLE 61
CHAPTER 1

RULES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF
STRAY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE
(THE STRAY VOLTAGE RULES)

IDAPA 31.61.01.000

RULES 0 THROUGH 11 -- GENERAL PROVISIONS

000. LEGAL AUTHORITY (Rule 0).
These rules are promulgated pursuant to the authority of the Idaho Public Utilities Law, Sections
61-515 and 61-520, Idaho Code, and the Stray Current and Voltage Remediation Act, Section
61-803, Idaho Code. (4-11-06)

Statutory Reference: Idaho Code §§ 61-515, 61-520, 61-803.

001. TITLE AND SCOPE (Rule 1).

01. Title. The title of these rules is the IDAPA 31.61.01 – “Rules for the Measurement
of Stray Current or Voltage” (Stray Voltage Rules). (4-11-06)

02. Scope. These rules are applicable to dairy producers, public utilities and all
persons or entities involved in any way in the measurement or remediation of stray current or
voltage within Idaho. (4-11-06)

002. WRITTEN INTERPRETATIONS--AGENCY GUIDELINES (Rule 2).
The Supervisor of the Commission’s Engineering Section is authorized to make and give
informal interpretations of these rules. Written interpretations to these rules are maintained by
the Commission Secretary. The Commission Secretary may be contacted in writing at the Idaho
Public Utilities Commission, PO Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0074, or may be reached by
telephone at [phone]. The Commission reserves to itself the authority to issue formal
declaratory orders construing these rules. (4-11-06)

003. ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS (Rule 3).
There are no provisions for administrative appeals within the Commission under these rules.
(4-11-06)

004. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE – REFERENCE TO SAFETY CODES
(Rule 4).

01. Safety Codes. These rules reference two (2) national safety codes. (4-11-06)

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a. The National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) is applicable to public utilities and is
adopted by the Commission in IDAPA 31.11.01, “Safety and Accident Reporting Rules for
Utilities Regulated by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission.” (4-11-06)

b. The National Electrical Code (NEC) is applicable to the installation of wires and
facilities used to convey electric current and to apparatus to be operated by such electric current.
Adoption of the National Electrical Code is found at Section 54-1001, Idaho Code, and IDAPA
07.01.06, “Rules Governing the Use of the National Electrical Code,” Section 011. (4-11-06)

IDAPA Reference: IDAPA 31.11.01 (Safety Accident Reporting Rules); IDAPA 07.01.06.011
Statutory Reference: Idaho Code § 54-1001

005. OFFICE – OFFICE HOURS – MAILING, ELECTRONIC AND STREET
ADDRESSES (Rule 5).

01. Office Hours. The principal office of the Commission is in Boise, Idaho. This
office is open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. except Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays. The
Commission’s telephone number is [phone]. The hearing or speech impaired may reach
the Commission through the Idaho Telecommunications Relay Service by dialing 711. (4-11-06)

02. Mailing and Street Addresses. The Commission’s mailing address is: Idaho
Public Utilities Commission, PO Box 83720, Boise, Idaho 83720-0074. The street address for
the Commission is: 472 West Washington Street, Boise, Idaho 83702-5983. All documents
filed in all proceedings under these rules must be filed with the Commission at one (1) of these
addresses. (4-11-06)

03. Electronic Address. The Commission’s electronic address for its Internet
homepage is: www.puc.idaho.gov. (4-11-06)

006. PUBLIC RECORDS ACT COMPLIANCE (Rule 6).
Unless specifically exempted from public disclosure by the Public Records Act, Title 74,
Chapter 3, Idaho Code, all materials filed with the Commission pursuant to these rules are
presumed to be public documents subject to inspection, examination and copying. Whenever a
party believes that information contained in pleadings or other documents are trade secrets,
confidential or otherwise exempt from public disclosure, the attorney of such party must state in
writing that the information is protected by law from public inspection, examination or copying,
citing the specific grounds and legal authority for that assertion. The Commission will treat
confidential information in compliance with IDAPA 31.01.01, “Rules of Procedure of the Idaho
Public Utilities Commission,” Section 067. (4-11-06)

IDAPA Reference: IDAPA 31.01.01.067 (Rules of Procedure).

007. LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION (Rule 7).
These rules will be liberally construed to secure just, speedy and economical determination of all
issues presented to the Commission. (4-11-06)

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008. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURES – FORMS (Rule 8).
All proceedings under these rules will be conducted in accordance with IDAPA 31.01.01, “Rules
of Procedure of the Idaho Public Utilities Commission.” Forms used for recording voltage or
current measurements under these rules appear in the Appendices. Subject to prior approval by
the Commission, spreadsheets or electronic forms in substantially similar format and containing
all relevant data may be used. Calculations may be automated as part of these electronic forms.
(4-11-06)

IDAPA Reference: IDAPA 31.01.01.000 (Rules of Procedure)

009. ABBREVIATIONS (Rule 9).
Abbreviations or acronyms used in these rules are defined where they appear. (4-11-06)

010. DEFINITIONS (Rule 10).

01. Adequate Remediation. Means corrective action taken by a utility which results
in, and is reasonably likely to sustain, a reduction of stray current or voltage attributable to the
utility’s distribution system to a measured level that is fifty percent (50%) or less of the
preventive action level. (4-11-06)

02. Ampere. A unit of measure of current. A milliampere is one-one thousandths
(1/1,000) of an ampere. (4-11-06)

03. Commission. Means the Idaho Public Utilities Commission. (4-11-06)

04. Cow Contact Points. Means any two (2) points on electrically conductive
materials in a dairy which a dairy cow may (in its normal environment on the dairy) unavoidably
and simultaneously contact. Electrically conductive material may include the surface(s) that the
cow is standing on as one (1) or both cow contact points. (4-11-06)

05. Equipotential Plane (EPP). Means an area where wire mesh or other conductive
elements are imbedded in or placed under concrete, bonded to all metal structures and fixed
nonelectrical equipment that may become energized, and connected to the electrical grounding
system to prevent a difference in voltage from developing within the plane. (4-11-06)

06. Preventive Action Level (PAL). Stray current or voltage that, when correctly
measured, is either: (4-11-06)

a. A steady state, root mean square (rms) alternating current (AC) of two (2)
milliamperes (mA) or more through a five hundred (500) ohm resistor (i.e., shunt resistor)
connected between cow contact points, as measured by a true rms meter, or; (4-11-06)

b. Any steady state, rms AC voltage of one (1.0) volt or more across (in parallel with)
a five hundred (500) ohm resistor (i.e., shunt resistor) connected between cow contact points, as
measured by a true rms meter. (4-11-06)

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07. Primary System. A term that describes the high voltage utility electrical system
including the generation, transmission and distribution systems. It also refers to the high voltage
side of a distribution transformer. (4-11-06)

08. Secondary System. Means the low-voltage utility electrical system on the
secondary side of a distribution transformer. The dairy’s on-farm system begins on the dairy’s
side of the metering points, except for dairies metered on the high voltage side of the
transformer(s). In the case of dairies metered on the high voltage side, the on-farm system
begins at the transformer’s low-voltage lugs. (4-11-06)

09. Service Provider. Means any person, company or other legal entity providing
stray voltage or current testing, consulting, measurements, analysis services, construction, or
hardware. (4-11-06)

10. Shunt Resistor. A physical resistor or combination of resistors used to simulate a
dairy cow during the measurement of cow contact voltage. As used in these rules, a shunt
resistor shall be five hundred (500) ohm plus or minus two percent (+/- 2%). (4-11-06)

11. Source Resistance. Means that portion of resistance in the circuit, other than the
resistance of the cow, when the cow is completing a circuit between contact points. Body-to-
metal contact resistance and hoof-to-earth resistance may represent a portion of the source
resistance. (4-11-06)

12. Steady State. The value of a current or voltage after an amount of time has passed
where all transients have decayed to a negligible value. (4-11-06)

13. Stray Current or Voltage. Stray voltage or current is: (4-11-06)

a. Any steady state, sixty (60) hertz (Hz) (including harmonics thereof) root mean
square (rms) alternating current (AC) less than twenty (20) milliamperes (mA) through a five
hundred (500) ohm resistor (i.e., shunt resistor) connected between cow contact points, as
measured by a true rms meter; or (4-11-06)

b. Any steady state, sixty (60) Hz (including harmonics thereof), rms AC voltage of
less than ten (10) volts, across (in parallel with) a five hundred (500) ohm resistor (i.e., shunt
resistor) connected between cow contact points, as measured by a true rms meter. (4-11-06)

c. Stray current and voltage is a normal, inherent and unavoidable result of electricity
traveling through grounded electrical systems, including a dairy producer’s on-farm system and a
utility’s distribution system. These systems are required by the National Electrical Code (NEC)
and the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) to be grounded to the earth to ensure safety and
reliability. (4-11-06)

d. Unless the context otherwise requires, the term “stray voltage” shall mean stray
current or stray voltage. (4-11-06)

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14. Tests, Measurements, Procedures and Analysis. Means any or all of the stray
voltage testing, measurement, work and work product defined in these rules. (4-11-06)

15. Transient. Transient or transient deviation means a non-steady state increase or
spike in voltage or current. For the purpose of identifying and reporting transients in cow
contact voltage (Vcc) or current (Icc), a transient occurs when the recorded maximum Vcc or Icc
in a recording interval exceeds two hundred percent (200%) of the steady state Vcc or Icc
recorded during the same recording interval. (4-11-06)

16. Utility. Means a public electric utility as defined in Section 61-332A, Idaho Code.
(4-11-06)

Statutory Reference: Idaho Code § 61-332A.
Reference: National Electrical Code and National Electrical Safety Code

011. PURPOSE OF RULES – CONFORMANCE TO ELECTRICAL CODE (Rule 11).
These rules standardize the measurement and testing procedures used to measure stray voltage
and current. Standardization of testing will provide a consistent basis for determining the
presence and level of stray voltage in a dairy and how to determine the source of that stray
voltage or current. These rules do not replace existing safety standards embodied in electrical
codes. Any conflict between these rules and the National Electrical Code or the National
Electrical Safety Code shall be promptly brought to the attention of the Commission. Under
these rules, testing is intended to determine: (4-11-06)

01. Presence of Stray Voltage. The presence and amount of any stray voltage or
current within the dairy. (4-11-06)

02. Sources of Stray Voltage. The source(s) of any stray voltage or current detected.
(4-11-06)

03. Contributions to Stray Voltage. The percent contribution from the utility side
and the dairy side of the dairy service entrance to the total stray voltage or current measured on
the dairy. (4-11-06)

Reference: National Electrical Code and National Electrical Safety Code

12. – 020. (RESERVED).

RULES 21 THROUGH 30 – APPLICABILITY AND ADMISSIBILITY

021. UTILITY (Rule 21).
A utility measuring or testing for stray voltage or current at the request of a dairy producer, as
directed by the Commission or on its own initiative, shall conduct such measurements in
accordance with these rules. (4-11-06)
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022. DAIRY PRODUCER (Rule 22).

01. Serving Notice on the Utility. A dairy producer providing written notice to a
utility pursuant to Section 61-804, Idaho Code, shall specify why the dairy producer believes its
dairy cows are being affected by electrical energy attributable to the utility. A dairy producer
may provide such notice with or without first having conducted tests or measurements of stray
voltage. (4-11-06)

02. Cooperation. When a written notice is filed with the utility, the dairy is obligated
to make any contact point(s), service panels, grounding rods or other electrical equipment at the
dairy available to the utility for measuring and testing. The utility shall provide reasonable
notice and cooperate with the dairy producer to establish an appropriate time to conduct the tests
and measurements. The dairy shall cooperate with the utility so that all tests and measurements
necessary to identify the existence and magnitude of stray current or voltage, if any, are
completed within fourteen (14) days of the utility’s receipt of such notice. (4-11-06)

Statutory Reference: Idaho Code § 61-804.

023. SERVICE PROVIDERS (Rule 23).
Any person performing any stray voltage measurement or test on behalf of a utility or a dairy
shall be deemed a service provider and shall follow these rules. (4-11-06)

024. ADMISSIBILITY (Rule 24).
Only tests and measurements made in compliance with these rules shall be admissible before the
Commission or in any civil action. (4-11-06)

025. – 030. (RESERVED).

RULES 31 THROUGH 40 – QUALIFICATIONS OF PERSONS
PERFORMING AND ANALYZING RESULTS OF STRAY VOLTAGE TESTS

031. PERFORMANCE OF TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS (Rule 31).
Measuring and testing for stray voltage under these rules for consideration by the Commission
shall be performed by a qualified testing professional. The following persons are presumed to be
qualified testing professionals: (4-11-06)

01. Professional Engineer. A professional engineer, licensed in any state, who has
completed no fewer than forty-eight (48) hours of Commission-approved stray voltage training
and who has been involved in no fewer than five (5) prior investigations involving the
measurement or testing of stray voltage. (4-11-06)

02. Master Electrician. A master electrician, licensed in any state, who has
completed no fewer than forty-eight (48) hours of Commission-approved stray voltage training
and who has been involved in no fewer than five (5) prior investigations involving the
measurement or testing of stray voltage. (4-11-06)
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03. Technician. A technician who, under the supervision of a person presumed
qualified under Subsections 031.01 and 031.02, has completed no fewer than eight (8) hours of
Commission-approved stray voltage training and who has been involved in no fewer than five (5)
prior investigations involving the measurement or testing of stray voltage. (4-11-06)

032. DATA ANALYSIS (Rule 32).
Analysis of data under these rules, for consideration by the Commission, shall be performed by a
qualified analyst. A professional engineer, licensed in any state, who has completed no fewer
than forty-eight (48) hours of stray voltage training and who has been involved in no fewer than
five (5) prior investigations involving measurement or testing of stray voltage shall be presumed
to be a qualified analyst. (4-11-06)

033. PERSONS OTHERWISE QUALIFIED (Rule 33).
A person who does not satisfy the qualifications in Sections 031 and 032, may nonetheless be
determined by the Commission to be a qualified testing professional or a qualified analyst if, on
motion of any party, the Commission finds that person otherwise possesses the knowledge, skill,
experience, training, or education that qualifies that person to offer expert testimony before the
Commission. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rules 31 and 32 (31.61.01)

034. – 050. (RESERVED).

RULES 51 THROUGH 60 – CALIBRATION OF AND EQUIPMENT
USED FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING
VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND RESISTANCE

051. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STRAY VOLTAGE MEASURING AND
RECORDING EQUIPMENT (Rule 51).
Equipment used for the measurement or testing of stray voltage, current, and resistance shall
meet the following criteria: (4-11-06)

01. Resolution and Accuracy. The accuracy and resolution of any instrument used to
measure or record cow contact voltage or current, shall limit the error to five percent (5%) or less
at one volt (1 V) or two milliampere (2 mA). (4-11-06)

02. Voltage Measurement. Instruments used to measure cow contact voltage shall be
capable of separating and independently measuring alternating current (AC) and direct current
(DC) voltages. These instruments shall have a minimum internal impedance of ten thousand
(10,000) ohm and shall be capable of measuring the true-rms voltage. (4-11-06)

03. Current Measurement. A clamp-on ammeter, a digital multi-meter (DMM) with
clamp-on device, or an in-line ammeter shall be used to measure current between two (2) points.
The meters shall be capable of separating and independently measuring alternating current (AC)
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and direct current (DC) and shall be capable of measuring the true-rms current. Care must be
taken to assure that clamp-on ammeters used have the required resolution and accuracy.
(4-11-06)

04. Resistance Measurement. Resistance shall be measured using either a volt
ohmmeter (VOM) or a DMM. Resolution shall be to the level of one (1) ohm or less when
measuring a resistance of less than one thousand (1,000) ohm. Accuracy shall be within plus or
minus five (+/-5) ohm for a five hundred (500) ohm resistance. (4-11-06)

05. Resistance-to-Earth Measurement. Grounding electrode resistance-to-earth
measurements shall be made with a three- (3) point fall-of-potential instrument or a clamp-on
resistance-to-earth tester. (4-11-06)

052. CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS (Rule 52).

01. Measuring Equipment Calibration. All measuring equipment shall be calibrated
according to the manufacturer’s recommended calibration schedule, but no less than annually, to
meet the manufacturer’s specifications for the accuracy and resolution of the equipment.
Measuring equipment shall not be used after its next “calibration due” date for measurements or
tests conducted during a stray voltage investigation. Calibration shall be performed by either:
(4-11-06)

a. The manufacturer of the equipment, who shall certify that the equipment meets the
manufacturer’s specifications for accuracy and resolution; or (4-11-06)

b. A laboratory currently certified as meeting all applicable Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards.
(4-11-06)

02. Calibration Certificates. The service provider performing the tests and
measurements shall maintain certificates from the manufacturer or the calibration laboratory
demonstrating compliance with calibration requirements. (4-11-06)

03. Field Check. Before voltage or current measurement or testing is performed, the
instrument shall be field-checked by comparing measurements to those of other instruments or
against a known source. (4-11-06)

Reference: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and International Organization for Standards

053. REQUIREMENTS FOR MONITORING AND RECORDING DEVICES (Rule 53).
Digital recording devices shall be used for the purpose of recording current and voltage for
extended periods, such as the forty-eight (48) hour test. The recording devices shall have the
same level of resolution and accuracy as the meters being used for the measurements.
Monitoring systems, which combine measuring and recording functions in a single instrument,
shall have the same level of resolution and accuracy as specified in Section 051. Recording
devices and monitoring systems shall be capable of recording transient deviations of one-tenth
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(0.1) second or less in duration from the steady state. Digital recording devices, which have
deviation settings, shall permit the deviation setting to be set “low” enough to meet the resolution
and accuracy requirements in Subsection 051.01 of these rules. All recording devices shall be
able to log the time and date of all data recorded and shall have their internal clocks
synchronized. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 51 (61.01.051)

054. REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD BOXES (Rule 54).
The load box shall meet the following criteria: (4-11-06)

01. Volts. A load box shall be a primarily non-inductive nominal two hundred forty
(240) volt, resistance heating type load with a minimum nominal full load of eighteen (18)
kilowatts (kW). (4-11-06)

02. Split-Load. A load box shall be capable of operating at two (2) or more load
settings, including approximately fifty percent (50%) and one hundred percent (100%) of the
load box’s rated total load. (4-11-06)

055. – 070. (RESERVED).

RULES 71 THROUGH 80 – TESTING AND
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

071. STRAY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE TESTS (Rule 71).
Subject to Subsection 071.02, there are six (6) tests used to detect and measure stray current or
voltage. (4-11-06)

01. Scheduling of Stray Voltage Tests. Efforts shall be made to perform the tests
under conditions substantially similar to those conditions existing at the time(s) the dairy
producer believes stray voltage to be a problem. (4-11-06)

a. Test 1 – Cow Contact Test; (4-11-06)

b. Test 2 – Forty-Eight (48) Hour Test; (4-11-06)

c. Test 3 – Primary Profile Test; (4-11-06)

d. Test 4 – Secondary Neutral Voltage Drop Test; (4-11-06)

e. Test 5 – Load Box Test; and (4-11-06)

f. Test 6 – Signature Test. (4-11-06)

02. Testing Sequence. Test 1 shall be performed first. Tests 1 and 2 are used to
determine the presence and level of stray voltage and shall be performed in all investigations,
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subject to the provisions of Subsection 071.03. Tests 3, 4, 5, and 6 may be performed in any
order and may be performed without first determining that these tests are required under
Paragraph 071.02.b. Tests 3, 4, 5, and 6 may be performed prior to starting the recording for
Test 2 or while Test 2 is in progress. Test 2 may be interrupted as necessary to conduct Tests 4,
5, and 6, or for review and analysis of the data recorded up to that point. (4-11-06)

a. If the results from Tests 1 and 2 indicate that stray voltage does not exceed the
preventive action level (PAL), the utility has no further testing or remediation obligations under
these rules during this test cycle. (4-11-06)

b. If the PAL is exceeded, the utility shall perform the remaining four (4) tests except
as provided in Subsection 071.03. The utility shall also perform analysis to determine whether
the portion of the stray current or voltage attributable to an off-farm source exceeds fifty percent
(50%) of the PAL. (4-11-06)

c. If the PAL is exceeded, and the portion of the stray current or voltage attributable
to an off-farm source does not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the PAL, the utility has no further
testing or remediation obligations. (4-11-06)

d. If the PAL is exceeded, and the portion of the stray current or voltage attributable
to an off-farm source exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the PAL, the utility shall conduct
remediation pursuant to Section 091. Under this condition, the forty-eight (48) hour recording of
Test 2 may be reduced to no fewer than twenty-four (24) hours. (4-11-06)

e. For all testing conducted under these rules, the utility shall have a qualified analyst
prepare a report pursuant to Section 082. (4-11-06)

03. Suspended or Limited Testing. With the written agreement of both the utility and
the dairy producer, a stray voltage investigation may be suspended at any point in the
investigation. With the written agreement of both the utility and the dairy producer, the utility
may employ a limited set of tests or measurements on a dairy as part of an intentionally limited
evaluation. If the utility proposes to suspend a stray voltage investigation or to conduct a limited
evaluation, its reasons for doing so shall be set forth in the written agreement between the utility
and the dairy producer. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 82 (61.01.082); Rule 91 (61.01.091)

072. PREPARATION FOR TESTING (Rule 72).
The person performing the tests shall perform the following: (4-11-06)

01. Remote Reference Grounding Rod. (4-11-06)

a. Remote reference grounding rod(s) shall be installed and penetrate moist soil to a
depth of thirty (30) inches. When practicable, remote reference rods shall be installed at least
twenty-five (25) feet away from the nearest underground conductive electrical equipment of any
type or at a distance equal to three (3) to four (4) times the buried depth of any metallic structure
connected to the service entrance neutral. The reference ground rod shall be located not closer
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than twenty-five (25) feet from the centerline of a primary electrical conductor right-of-way. A
reference rod shall be located not closer than one hundred (100) feet from the edge of a
transmission line right-of-way. (4-11-06)

b. All remote reference grounding rods shall be checked for “remoteness” prior to
their use for tests or measurements and if found to be insufficiently “remote,” a new location for
that reference ground rod shall be found and retested for remoteness. Remoteness of the
reference ground shall be determined by measuring the voltage from the transformer grounding
electrode conductor to the remote reference ground. The resistance-to-earth of the transformer
grounding electrode shall be measured. The grounding electrode current shall be measured.
Remoteness is considered adequate if the measured voltage (transformer grounding conductor to
reference ground, Vp) is within twenty percent (20%) of the voltage calculated by multiplying
the grounding electrode current by the grounding electrode resistance-to-earth. (4-11-06)

c. If the transformer grounding electrode is within twenty-five (25) feet of other
primary or secondary grounding electrodes, this remoteness test shall be conducted at the first
primary system grounding electrode upstream of the transformer that is greater than twenty-five
(25) feet from other primary or secondary system grounding electrodes. (4-11-06)

02. Inspecting the Transformer(s). Prior to testing, the utility transformer shall be
inspected, grounding electrode resistance measured, and any repairs necessary for safety be made
and recorded. In the case of a customer-owned transformer, qualified personnel shall inspect the
installation, measure grounding electrode resistance, and make and record any repairs necessary
for safety. Measurements that require contact with utility or customer-owned primary wires or
equipment shall be made by the utility or other qualified personnel. (4-11-06)

03. In-Line Ammeters. If in-line or series ammeters are used, they shall be installed
under safe conditions in accordance with the National Electrical Safety Code and the National
Electrical Code with the entire dairy system or the specific circuit to be tested de-energized.
(4-11-06)

04. Pre-Test Documentation. (4-11-06)

a. All pre-test calibration requirements from Section 052 shall be completed and
documented. (4-11-06)

b. A sketch or drawing of the dairy shall be prepared indicating: (4-11-06)

i. The location of the buildings; (4-11-06)

ii. Secondary electrical service panels and secondary feeder systems serving cow
contact areas; (4-11-06)

iii. Transformer(s) and central distribution point; (4-11-06)

iv. Existing grounding electrodes (if known); (4-11-06)
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v. The location of all cow contact points to be tested; (4-11-06)

vi. All remote reference grounding rods; and (4-11-06)

vii. All primary and secondary neutral test points used in conjunction with the remote
reference grounding rod(s). (4-11-06)

c. A listing of planned test points shall be prepared using the applicable form prior to
beginning each test. Each test shall be listed separately and specific reference numbers shall be
given to each planned test point. (4-11-06)

05. Safety. (4-11-06)

a. If the service provider reasonably concludes that a dairy’s noncompliance with the
National Electrical Code poses a significant and immediate safety hazard which prevents
completion of any test or measurement required by these rules, then the service provider’s
obligations to proceed under these rules shall be suspended until the hazard is eliminated.
(4-11-06)

b. At the discretion of the service provider conducting the test, livestock shall be
removed from any area where electrical equipment or wiring is examined or electrical
measurements are taken. Testing may be suspended if the presence of cows or other animals
creates a potential hazard to testing personnel. The locations of electric fences and other
electrified cow control devices shall be noted and de-energized where practical. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 52 (61.01.052)
Reference: National Electrical Code and National Electrical Safety Code

073. TEST 1 – COW CONTACT TEST (Rule 73).

01. Purpose. The purpose of this test is to determine the location(s), if any, where
stray current or voltage exceeds the preventive action level (PAL) and to identify the location(s)
at which the cow contact voltage will be recorded in the forty-eight (48) hour test. (4-11-06)

02. Selection of Cow Contact Points. The selection of cow contact points to be tested
shall include a sufficient number of locations reasonably likely to demonstrate the presence of
stray voltage or current, if any. (4-11-06)

03. Conducting the Test. The voltage across the shunt resistor or current through the
shunt resistor shall be measured between cow contact points as shown in Figure 1. The source
resistance shall be calculated during analysis for all cow contact points. (4-11-06)

13

Figure 1, Cow Contact Test. (4-11-06)

a. When using a voltmeter to measure voltage between contact points where one (1)
of those points is the floor surface, the equipment shall be arranged as shown in Figures 1 and 2,
using a metal plate, which shall make a high quality conductive contact with the ground or floor.
If the service provider is unsure of having a high quality conductive contact with the floor or
ground, then the procedure described in Paragraph 073.03.c. shall be followed. If necessary,
corrosion shall be removed from the point(s) where test lead(s) make contact with metal
equipment. (4-11-06)

Figure 2, Cow Contact Voltage Measurement (4-11-06)

Weighted Copper Plate, 16
s inch minimum
500 ohm
Shunt resistor
14
b. When using an in-line milliammeter or a clamp-around milliammeter to measure
current between contact points and one (1) of those points is the floor surface or earth, the
equipment shall be arranged as shown in Figure 3, using a metal plate which shall make high
quality conductive contact with the ground or floor. If the service provider is unsure of having a
high quality conductive contact with the floor or ground, then the procedures described in
Paragraph 073.03.c. shall be followed. If necessary, corrosion shall be removed from the
point(s) where test lead(s) make contact with metal equipment. (4-11-06)

Figure 3, Set Up for Measuring Current Cow Contact Point to Ground (4-11-06)

c. A metal plate used to make an electrical contact with the earth or floor shall be of
regular shape (square, rectangular or round), and shall have a surface area equal to or greater
than sixteen (16) square inches (4 inches x 4 inches or equivalent). Place a weight not less than
twenty (20) pounds on the metal plate. This weight shall be applied evenly across the metal plate
and not to the adjacent concrete or earth. Place the metal plate a minimum distance of twelve
(12) inches from any metal equipment making contact with the floor or earth. (4-11-06)

i. Where the metal plate is to be placed on a concrete floor, the surface shall be flat.
Clean the floor surface with a wire brush to remove debris that may add excess resistance. Use
water to clean the floor surface at the point where the metal plate will be placed. Place a paper
towel or similar material soaked in saltwater between the metal plate and the concrete floor.
(4-11-06)

ii. Where the metal plate is to be placed on the ground or earth surface, the surface
shall be flat. Remove any debris and add water to the area, if necessary, to dampen the soil. The
surface of the metal plate that will make contact with the earth shall be clean and free of
corrosion before use. Remove any corrosion, if necessary. (4-11-06)

04. Recording the Data. The person conducting this test shall record the location of,
and measured values at, each test point. At each cow contact location, an open circuit voltage
15
reading (Voc) and a voltage with five hundred (500) ohm nominal shunt resistor placed across
the input to the meter )(Vshunt shall be taken. These readings shall be taken with ten (10)
seconds or less time between each reading. Alternatively, a current measurement )(Ishunt may
be taken in place of the voltage reading )(Vshunt . Data for these test points shall be recorded on
the form in Appendix 1. (4-11-06)

05. Source Resistance Calculation. The source resistance )(Rsource shall be
calculated for each cow contact location measured and the value recorded in Appendix 1. The
following formulas shall be used to calculate source resistance. (4-11-06)

 Rsource
shunt
shunt
V
V - Voc shuntRx (4-11-06)

 Rsource I
Voc
shunt shuntR - (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Appendix 1

074. TEST 2 – FORTY-EIGHT (48) HOUR TEST (Rule 74).

01. Purpose. The purpose of this test is to determine whether stray current or voltage
exceeds the preventive action level (PAL) at selected location(s) over a forty-eight (48) hour
period, subject to Subsection 074.06 and Paragraph 071.02.d. The test also demonstrates
whether the primary or secondary sides of the system have a specific impact on the recorded
current or voltage at specific times of day. (4-11-06)

02. Setup. A digitizing data recorder with averaging capability and capable of
detecting and recording transient deviations of one-tenth (0.1) second or less in duration shall be
used to record the following: (4-11-06)

a. Voltage from primary neutral at the transformer to remote reference ground, Vp.
(4-11-06)

b. Voltage from secondary neutral in the service panel serving the area of the cow
contact to remote reference ground, Vs. (4-11-06)

c. Voltage drops (Vps) from primary neutral at the location of connection for Vp to
secondary neutral at the location of the connection for Vs. (4-11-06)

d. Cow contact current through (Icc) or voltage across a five hundred (500) ohm
resistor at the high voltage point(s) found in Test 1, Vcc. (4-11-06)

03. Measurement Interval. The results of the forty-eight (48) hour test may be highly
indicative of the presence of stray voltage. A recording interval as high as ten (10) seconds may
16
be used provided that transient deviations of voltage or current of one-tenth (0.1) second or less
in duration of voltage or current are recorded to the maximum ability of the instrument. (4-11-06)

04. Measurement at the Cow Contact Point(s). Measurements to the earth or
concrete surface shall be to a metal plate as described in Paragraph 073.03.c. When making
measurements to metal objects, corrosion shall be removed to obtain a low resistance connection.
(4-11-06)

05. Recording the Data. All of the data gathered by the recording equipment during
the forty-eight (48) hour test including transients shall be downloaded and retained with the
records of the investigation. In addition, the steady-state data shall be summarized in the
investigation report. The recorded data shall be made available to the dairy producer or utility
upon request. The person conducting this test shall record the location of, and measured values
at, each test point. The identification of the cow contact point shall be recorded on the form in
Appendix 2. Transient deviations shall be recorded on the supplemental data form, page 3 of 3
in Appendix 2. A plot of the voltage versus time may be substituted for the recording of
measured values in Appendix 2. (4-11-06)

06. Reduced Recording Period. If a qualified analyst concludes that remediation by
the utility is required under Paragraph 071.02.d. prior to the completion of a forty-eight (48) hour
recording period, the recording period may be reduced to no fewer than twenty-four (24) hours.
(4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 71 and Rule 73 (61.01..071 and .073); Appendix 2

075. TEST 3 – PRIMARY PROFILE TEST (Rule 75).

01. Purpose. The purpose of this test is to measure or calculate neutral-to-earth
voltage (NEV) for a multi-grounded distribution system. (4-11-06)

02. Conducting the Test. The primary profile test requires concurrent measurement
of the ground electrode resistance and current at all primary system ground points within three
quarters (3/4) of a mile on either side of all primary service points serving the dairy, or to the end
of the line if less than three quarters (3/4) of a mile. Alternatively, the voltage between a remote
grounding rod and the primary ground point being tested may be measured. (4-11-06)

a. This test shall be conducted starting at one (1) end of the distribution system and
working toward the other along the main primary distribution system. Figure 4 below illustrates
the procedure. (4-11-06)

i. Where the dairy is served by a dedicated tap of less than one half (1/2) mile in
length from a distribution line, the neutral-to-earth voltage shall be measured at each primary
ground along the tap and along the distribution line to a distance of three quarters (3/4) of a mile
in each direction from the point of the tap; or (4-11-06)

ii. Where a dairy is served by a dedicated tap that extends more than one half (1/2)
mile from the distribution line, the neutral-to-earth voltage shall be measured at each primary
17
grounding electrode along the tap and along the distribution line to a distance of one half (1/2)
mile in each direction from the point of the tap. (4-11-06)

03. Recording the Data. The person conducting this test shall record the location of,
and measured values at, each test point. Data and calculation results for these test points shall be
recorded on the form in Appendix 3. (4-11-06)

Figure 4 (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Appendix 3

076. TEST 4 – SECONDARY NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DROP TEST (Rule 76).

01. Purpose. This test is used to determine the impact of each secondary service on
the neutral-to-earth (NEV) and cow contact voltages on the dairy under controlled conditions.
(4-11-06)

02. Conducting the Test. This test shall be performed for all service entrances. A
proxy load of known characteristics (such as a resistive load like a one hundred twenty (120)
volt, fifteen hundred (1,500) watt hairdryer) is required for this test. The proxy load must create
a known and stable current and subsequent voltage drop for each neutral serving a main panel,
NOTE: A voltmeter may also be used
to determine voltage directly
25 ft
Minimum
Reference
Ground Rod
v
18
sub-panel or end-of-service area. All service entrances other than that being tested shall be
turned “off” to perform this test. A diagram showing the connections and measurement points
for this test is shown in Figure 5. (4-11-06)

Figure 5, Secondary Neutral Voltage Drop Test Arrangement (4-11-06)

03. Data Collection. The following data shall be collected for each secondary neutral
tested: (4-11-06)

a. Gauge and type of neutral wire. (4-11-06)

b. Length of neutral wire. (4-11-06)

c. Neutral current, Isn. (4-11-06)

d. Voltage drop )(VDropM between both ends of the secondary neutral being tested.
(4-11-06)

e. Cow contact voltage (Vcc) or current (Icc) at the same points used in the forty-
eight (48) hour test. (4-11-06)

f. Primary neutral at the transformer to reference ground voltage, Vp. (4-11-06)

g. Secondary neutral to reference ground voltage, Vs. (4-11-06)

04. Measurements. The three (3) voltages (Vcc, Vp and Vs) shall be measured with
the proxy load “off” and “on.” Calculated expected voltage drops )(VDropC (see Appendix 4)
19
shall be compared with measured voltage drops )(VDropM . If the measured and calculated
voltage drops differ significantly, further investigation shall be undertaken to determine the
source of additional voltage drop within the circuit. Neutral current shall be measured and
recorded with the proxy load on (Isn). (4-11-06)

05. Recording the Data. Any person conducting this test shall record the location of,
and measured values at, each test point. Data and calculation results for these test points shall be
recorded on the form in Appendix 4. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Appendix 4

077. TEST 5 – THE LOAD BOX TEST (Rule 77).

01. Purpose. This test is used to determine the extent to which the primary system
contributes to stray current or voltage at cow contact points. For dairies with three (3) phase
balanced primary service, the service provider shall perform Steps One and Two in Paragraph
077.02.b. below. (4-11-06)

02. Conducting the Load Box Test. This test shall be performed at the same time of
day as the time(s) of highest cow contact voltage found in the forty-eight (48) hour test. During
this test, voltage and current shall be measured and recorded at the points indicated in Figure 6.
(4-11-06)

Figure 6, Load Box Test (4-11-06)
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a. The load box test requires the recording of eight (8) data points during each of the
five (5) test steps. The eight (8) data points that shall be measured or calculated and recorded for
each step are: (4-11-06)

i. Primary line to neutral voltage, priV . (4-11-06)

ii. Load Box Current, Ilb. (4-11-06)

iii. Voltage at load box connection to secondary system, Vlb. (4-11-06)

iv. Calculate transformer current Ip using  Ip priV
Vlb x Ilb . (4-11-06)

v. Voltage from primary neutral at the transformer to remote reference ground rod,
Vp. (4-11-06)

vi. Voltage from secondary neutral in the service panel serving the area of the cow
contact to remote reference ground rod, Vs. (4-11-06)

vii. Voltage from primary neutral at the transformer to secondary neutral at the service
panel serving the area of cow contact, Vps. (4-11-06)

viii. Cow contact voltage (Vcc) or current (Icc) at the same point(s) used in the forty-
eight (48) hour test. (4-11-06)

b. Except for dairies with three (3) phase balanced primary service, the following five
(5) test steps shall each be conducted for at least two (2) minutes: (4-11-06)

i. Step One: The load box shall be de-energized, the dairy shall remain “on,” and the
data shall be recorded. (4-11-06)

ii. Step Two: The load box shall be de-energized, the dairy shut “off,” and the data
shall be recorded. (4-11-06)

iii. Step Three: The load box shall be set to half load, the dairy shut “off,” and the data
shall be recorded. (4-11-06)

iv. Step Four: The load box shall be set to full load, the dairy shut “off,” and the data
shall be recorded. (4-11-06)

v. Step Five: The load box shall be set to full load, the dairy shall be turned “on,” and
the data shall be recorded. (4-11-06)

03. Calculating the K Factor. The K factor is a calculated ratio (Vcc/Vs). The K
factor should be less than one (1) because Vcc (cow contact voltage) should be less than Vs (the
21
dairy ground to reference ground voltage). If the K factor is greater than one (1), then there is
contribution to Vcc from sources other than Vs. (4-11-06)

04. Recording the Data. The person conducting this test shall record the location of,
and measured values at, each test point. Data and calculation results for these test points shall be
recorded on the form in Appendix 5. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Appendix 5

078. TEST 6 – SIGNATURE TEST (Rule 78).

01. Purpose. This test is used to determine the contribution to stray current or voltage
of individual pieces of equipment operating on the dairy. The test is best performed when there
is minimal farm electrical activity. (4-11-06)

02. Conducting the Signature Test. During this test, individual pieces of major
current drawing equipment shall be started and stopped. The effects of starting, operating, and
stopping each piece of equipment shall be measured and recorded for a period of operation of at
least fifteen (15) seconds. The person conducting the test shall identify and record the equipment
being tested and record the specific times that the equipment was started and stopped. A
digitizing data recorder with averaging capability shall be used to measure and record the
required electrical data. These measurements shall be taken at the same locations at the dairy
where measurements were taken for the purpose of the load box test and forty-eight (48) hour
test. (4-11-06)

a. Voltage from primary neutral at the transformer to remote reference ground rod,
Vp. (4-11-06)

b. Secondary neutral at the service panel serving the area of cow contact to remote
reference ground voltage, Vs. (4-11-06)

c. Primary neutral voltage drop (Vps) from the location of connection for Vp to
secondary neutral voltage at the location of the connection for Vs. (4-11-06)

d. Cow contact voltage (Vcc) or current (Icc) at the preselected point. (4-11-06)

03. Recording the Data. All of the data gathered by the recording equipment during
the signature test, including transients shall be downloaded and retained with the records of the
investigation. In addition, the steady state data shall be summarized in the investigation report.
The recorded data shall be made available to the dairy producer or utility upon request. The
location of all test point(s) shall be recorded on the form in Appendix 6. A plot of the voltage
versus time may be substituted for the recording of measured values on Appendix 6. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Appendix 6

079. – 080. (RESERVED).

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RULES 81 THROUGH 90 – ANALYSIS AND REPORTING THE DATA

081. ANALYZING THE COLLECTED DATA (Rule 81).

01. Cow Contact Points. Examine the data recorded for the forty-eight (48) hour test
in Appendix 2 and determine the highest steady state value of cow contact voltage (Vcc) or
current (Icc). Determine the value of primary neutral to reference voltage (Vp) that was present
for the highest cow contact value. Record these values on the data sheet of Appendix 7. These
values shall be identified as “test cow contact voltage or current” (48hr Vcc or 48hr Icc ) and
“primary neutral to reference voltage at time of maximum cow contact voltage or current”
(48hr Vp ). The three (3) data sets created from the values are: (4-11-06)

a. The primary to reference ground voltage and the cow contact voltage or current
measured during the load box test (Appendix 5) with the farm power “off” and the load box
“off” shall be recorded on the data sheet of Appendix 7 as OFF Vp and either OFF Vcc or
OFF Icc . (4-11-06)

b. The primary to reference ground voltage and the cow contact voltage or current
measured with the load box set at one half load shall be recorded on the data sheet of Appendix 7
as LOAD HALF Vp and either LOAD HALF Vcc or LOAD HALF Icc . (4-11-06)

c. The primary to reference ground voltage and the cow contact voltage or current
measured with the load box at maximum shall be recorded on the data sheet of Appendix 7 as
LOAD FULL Vp and either LOAD FULL Vcc or LOAD FULL Icc . (4-11-06)

02. Contributions to Stray Voltage or Current for Single Phase Dairies. The utility
contribution to cow contact voltage or current shall be determined using the following formula.
Compare the values determined to the preventive action level (PAL). (4-11-06)

Utility contribution to
cow contact voltage = HALF FULL
HALF 48
Vp - Vp
Vp - Vp )Vcc - (Vccx HALF FULL HALF Vcc 
(4-11-06)

or

Utility contribution to
cow contact current = HALF FULL
HALF 48
Vp - Vp
Vp - Vp ) Icc - (Iccx HALFFULL HALF Icc 
(4-11-06)

03. Contributions to Stray Voltage or Current for Three Phase Dairies. The utility
contribution to cow contact voltage or current for dairies with three (3) phase balanced load
23
service, shall be determined by directly using the results of the load box test results for Step 1
and Step 2 as specified in Paragraph 077.02.b. (4-11-06)

a. The Vcc measured during Step 1 of the load box with the load box “off” and the
dairy “on” will be the total Vcc. (4-11-06)

b. The Vcc measured during Step 2 of the load box test with the load box “off” and
the dairy “off” is the contribution to Vcc from the utility, Vccutility. (4-11-06)

c. The contribution to Vcc by the dairy is the difference between Vcc and Vccutility,
Vccdairy = Vcc - Vccutility. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 77 (61.01.077); Appendix 2; Appendix 7

082. REPORTING (Rule 82).
Within a reasonable period of time after completion of any tests required to be performed by the
utility under these rules, a qualified analyst shall prepare a written report. The report shall
include a summary of the tests performed, a copy of the sketch or drawing of the dairy prepared
pursuant to Section 072, all of the data or results obtained from the tests, and an analysis of the
data or results obtained from the tests. If remediation was required under these rules, the report
shall specify the actions taken or to be taken. The utility shall provide a copy of the written
report to the dairy producer. (4-11-06)

Cross Reference: Rule 72 (61.01.072)

083. – 090. (RESERVED).

RULES 91 THROUGH 92 – REMEDIAL ACTIONS
AND COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS

091. REMEDIATION (Rule 91).

01. Utility System. If the utility is required to conduct remediation, it shall commence
such remediation within five (5) business days. The utility shall diligently pursue to completion
remedial procedures which shall reduce, and are reasonably likely to sustain, that portion of the
stray current or voltage attributable to the utility’s distribution system to a level equal to or less
than fifty percent (50%) of the preventive action level (PAL). This may include addressing other
off-dairy sources. (4-11-06)

02. Other Dairies, Farms and Industrial Sites. If a utility’s contribution to stray
voltage exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the preventive action level (PAL) and the utility
determines that another customer is a significant contributing source of stray voltage, the utility
shall notify both the dairy and the other customer in writing. (4-11-06)

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092. COMMISSION PROCEEDINGS (Rule 92).

01. Filing with the Commission. All petitions seeking relief under Section 61-805,
Idaho Code, shall be filed with the Commission Secretary pursuant to Section 005. Petitions
shall conform to IDAPA 31.01.01, “Rules of Procedure of the Idaho Public Utilities
Commission,” Section 053. The petitioner shall file an original and five (5) copies of the
petition. (4-11-06)

02. Contents of Petition. The petition shall conform to IDAPA 31.01.01, “Rules of
Procedure of the Idaho Public Utilities Commission,” Section 053. The petition shall contain
background information, the date the notice was filed with the serving utility, a description of the
alleged incident(s) of non-compliance with the Stray Current and Voltage Remediation Act, and
the remediation actions (if any) undertaken by either the utility or the dairy. A copy of the
utility’s entire stray voltage report shall accompany the petition. (4-11-06)

Statutory Reference: Idaho Code § 61-805
IDAPA Reference: 31.01.01.053 (Rules of Procedure)

093. – 999. (RESERVED).

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APPENDIX 1

TEST 1 –
COW CONTACT POINT DATA FORM

Dairy Name: Date:
Dairy Location:
Shunt Resistor: _______________ ohm (shuntR )

Item
#

Contact
Point
Identifier

Contact
Point
Description

Voltage
Measured
w/o Shunt
Resistor
Voc
Voltage
Current
Measured
w/Shunt
Resistor
Vshunt

Source
Resistance
Calculated
Rshunt

Comments
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

2 of 2
APPENDIX 1

TEST 1 –
COW CONTACT POINT DATA FORM INSTRUCTIONS

1. The total information provided by the contact point identification, the contact point
description, and the dairy sketch(es) shall be sufficient to allow a third party to accurately
repeat the test locating the correct cow contact points for a specific contact voltage.

2. The voltages measured in this test shall be determined using the same instrument(s) for
both data points. One reading shall be taken immediately following the other using the
same meter.

3. The actual source resistance is calculated from the known shunt resistance and the
measured voltage.

4. Record comments as appropriate or necessary.

 Rsource shunt
shunt
V
V - Voc shuntRx

or

 Rsource
shuntI
Voc shuntR -

1 of 4
APPENDIX 2

TEST 2 –
“48-HOUR” TEST REPORT FORM 1

Customer Name: Date:
Start Time: Stop Time:
Contact Point Identifier Number:

Hour
Time of
Occurrence
(Hr, Min)
of Highest
Steady State
Vcc or Icc

Voltage
Across
(Current
Thru) shuntR
Vcc or Icc

Primary
Neutral to
Referenced
Ground
Vp

Secondary
Neutral to
Reference
Ground
Vs

Primary to
Secondary
Voltage Drop
Vps
Duration
Steady State
Vcc or Icc
Exceeded PAL
in One Hour
Period
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

2 of 4
APPENDIX 2

“48-HOUR” TEST REPORT FORM 1
INSTRUCTIONS

Record the following data with a long term digitizing data recorder or its equivalent for a
minimum of 48 hours as specified in Rule 074:

a. Voltage from primary neutral to remote reference ground, Vp, at transformer.

b. Secondary neutral to remote reference ground voltage, Vs, at the electrical panel
serving the area for the Vcc or Icc selected.

c. Primary neutral to secondary neutral voltage, Vps, between points of connection
for Vp and Vs.

d. Steady state cow contact voltage or current at the preselected point(s) with the
highest cow contact voltage or current recorded in Test 1, Vcc or Icc.

Steady State Data:

Steady state data recorded during the 48-hour test shall be presented in tabular format on
Form 1 as described below, or it shall be presented graphically. Graphical presentation shall
include a time scale for the entire recording period and a clear indication of the steady state
readings of Vcc or Icc, Vp, Vs and Vps for the recording intervals. The scale(s) shall be such
that steady state cow contact voltages or currents at or above the PAL are easily identifiable.

If using tabular format, the analyst shall enter data in the table for each hour of the 48
hours of the test in chronological order. The data recorded in the table shall include: the specific
time that the highest steady state value of Vcc or Icc was recorded in that hour; all four
corresponding data points recorded at that time (Vp, Vs, Vps and Vcc or Icc), and the total time
during the hour that the steady state Vcc or Icc exceeded the PAL.

3 of 4
APPENDIX 2
TEST 2 – REPORT FORM 2
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA FOR FARM OWNER
TRANSIENT DEVIATIONS FOUND DURING “48-HOUR” TEST

Customer Name: Date:
Start Time: Stop Time:
Contact Point Identifier Number:

Hour

Time of
Highest
Peak Vcc
(Icc)

Highest Voltage
Recorded

Total Number
Transient
Deviations
No. Transient Deviations
Exceeding 1.0 Volts with
Peak Magnitude Greater
than 1.0 Volts
(2.0 milliamps)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Transient deviations occur due to electrical events such as motor starts. The PAL level is 1.0
volt for steady state voltages but PAL does not apply to transient voltage deviations.

4 of 4
APPENDIX 2

“48-HOUR” TEST REPORT FORM 2
INSTRUCTIONS

Recording Transient Data:

For the purpose of identifying and reporting transient deviations, a transient deviation
occurs when the recorded maximum Vcc or Icc in a recording interval exceeds two hundred
percent (200%) of the steady state Vcc or Icc recording during the same recording interval.

Transient data recorded during the 48-hour test shall be presented in tabular format on the
“48-hour Test – Transient Deviation Data” form as described below, or it shall be presented
graphically. Graphical presentation shall include a time scale for the entire recording period and
a clear indication of the maximum Vcc or Icc recorded for the recording intervals. The scale(s)
shall be such that Vcc transient deviations at or above two (2.0) volts, or Icc transient deviations
at or above four (4) milliamps, are easily identifiable.

If using a tabular format, the analyst shall enter data in the table for each hour of the 48
hours of the test in chronological order. The data recorded in the table shall include; the specific
time during the hour that the transient deviation in Vcc or Icc with the largest peak magnitude
occurred, the corresponding peak Vcc or Icc, the total number of transient deviations recorded in
that hour, and the total number of transient deviations recorded in that hour with a peak
magnitude of two (2) or more volts for Vcc or four (4) or more milliamps for Icc.

1 of 1
APPENDIX 3

TEST 3 –
PRIMARY PROFILE DATA FORM

Dairy Name:
Dairy Location: Date:

Item

Pole Location
&
Identification

Time

Current
Primary
Ground
Ipg

Resistance
Primary
Ground
Rpg
Calculated
Voltage
(primary
neutral-to-
earth)
Vpne
Measured
Voltage
(primary
neutral-
to-earth)
Vpne

# (mA) (Ohm) (V) (V) Notes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Note: If Vpne is measured it is not required to measure Ipg and Rpg for determination of the
calculated Vpne. In cases where Vpne is calculated the following formula is used:
1000 / Rpg) x (Ipg Vpne Calculated 

1 of 2
APPENDIX 4

TEST 4 –
SECONDARY NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DROP TEST

Test Performed by: Date:

Customer Name:

(All other farm loads must be off. Use only one load per circuit.)
SITE: 1 2 3 4 5
A. Site Location Units
B. Circuit Neutral Wire
Gauge

AWG
C. Circuit Neutral
AL or CU

D. Wire length
(in 100’s ft.)

100 ft.
E. Ω/100 ft. Ω
F. Total Resistance
(D times E)

Ω
G. Measured Neutral
Current, Isn

A
H. Calculated Voltage
Drop, DropCV
(F times G)

V
I. Measured Voltage
Drop, DropMV

V
J. Percent difference
[(H-I)/I]*100

%
Vp load “off” V
Vs load “off” V
Vcc load “off” V
Icc load “off,”
if measured

Vp load “on” V
Vs load “on” V
Vcc load “on” V
Icc load “on,”
if measured

2 of 2
APPENDIX 4

TEST 4 –
SECONDARY NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
DROP TEST INSTRUCTIONS

ITEM EXPLANATION

A-J Describe load site location, neutral wire gauge, neutral wire length (in 100s of
feet), resistance per 100 feet (see table below), measured neutral current,
measured voltage drop, Vp, Vs and Vcc or Icc for load “off” and load “on.”

Voltage drop is measured from end-to-end of the secondary neutral being tested
and the neutral bus of the building being tested. Electrical power to all buildings
shall be turned-off during this test except at the building being tested. Locations
of Vp, Vs and Vcc or Icc are the same as measured during the previous tests.

Calculate the total circuit resistance. Calculate using Ohm’s Law, the expected
neutral voltage drop. Calculate the absolute value of the difference and divide by
the measured voltage drop. Express this as a percentage. If the two values
(measured voltage drop and calculated voltage drop) do not agree, further
investigation is warranted to discover the reason for the discrepancy.

Resistance Chart (ohm per 100 feet)

Multi-conductor Cables at 68 Degrees F.

MATERIAL
GAUGE AL CU
14 0.423 0.257
12 0.265 0.162
10 0.166 0.102
8 0.104 0.064
6 0.066 0.040
4 0.042 0.025
2 0.026 0.016
1 0.021 0.013
1/0 0.016 0.010
2/0 0.013 0.008
3/0 0.010 0.007
4/0 0.008 0.005

1 of 2
APPENDIX 5

TEST 5 –
LOAD BOX TEST

Date:
Time:
Dairy:

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5
FARM ON FARM OFF FARM OFF FARM OFF FARM ON
Condition Load Box
Off
Load Box
Off
Load Box
Half On
Load Box
Full On
Load Box
Full OnTime:
Vp V V V V V
Vs V V V V V
Vps V V V V V
Vcc V V V V V
Icc A A A A A

Load Box Current (Ilb): Half Load A Full Load A

Load Box Voltage (Vlb): Half Load V Full Load V

Primary Nominal Voltage Phase to Neutral (Vpri): V

Transformer Current Due to Load Box (XFMRI ): Half Load A Full Load A

 Ip Vpri
Vlb x Ilb

K-Factor for Cow Contact Point

K = Vs
Vcc , as recorded in Step 4.

2 of 2
APPENDIX 5

TEST 5 –
LOAD BOX TEST INSTRUCTIONS

Note 1: Testing may be accomplished by a single 18/25 kW load box or a dual element 9/18 or
12.5/25 kW load box. The difference between full load and half load measurements is used in
most calculations.

Note 2: If the dairy is found in an isolated condition, two load box tests must be performed: an
isolated test and a non-isolated test.

Note 3: If the dairy is served by a three-phase system, measure and record only the dairy-off,
load box off column and the dairy-on, load box off column or test only one phase of the three.
ITEM EXPLANATION # 1 Enter date and customer name. 2 Attach load box to the 240-volt secondary side of transformer. Turn on load box and measure current and voltage and record on data sheet, Appendix 5. 3 Conduct load box test and for each step measure and record Vp, Vs, Vps and Vcc or Icc. Each step shall be maintained for approximately two minutes with the highest reading during that time interval recorded. Step 1 Farm power is “on” with load box “off” Step 2 Farm power is “off” with load box “off” Step 3 Farm power is “off” with load box “on” at half load Step 4 Farm power is “off” with load box “on” at full load Step 5 Farm power is “on” with load box “on” full load 4 Remove load box and restore normal power to the farm.

1 of 2
APPENDIX 6
TEST 6 –
EQUIPMENT SIGNATURE TEST FORM

Dairy Name: Date:
Location:

Descr.
of Load

Location
of Load

Load
V

Load
kW or
HP

Load
Phase
1 or 3

Load On

Load Off
Time Vp Vs Vps Vcc Icc Time Vp Vs Vps Vcc Icc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

2 of 2
APPENDIX 6
TEST 6
EQUIPMENT SIGNATURE TEST FORM INSTRUCTIONS

Item Instructions

1 Enter the date the test is performed.

2 Enter the name of the dairy.

3 Enter the description of the load for which the signature will be
recorded.

4 Provide a complete description of the load. Provide voltage,
horsepower or kilowatt rating, if known.

5 Note the time of turn-on and the time of turn-off. Equipment should be
“on” for a period of not less than 15 seconds. If equipment is found in
the “on” condition, turn it “off” then turn it back “on.” If equipment
cannot be manually cycled then record data at the next “on” – “off”
cycle.

6 Repeat for all major circuits and pieces of equipment (both 120 volt and
240 volt). Some equipment may normally be operated in sequence.
Start each piece of equipment at 15-second intervals until all are
running, then turn off in reverse order at 15-second intervals.

7 If data is to be provided graphically, only load description and time are
required to be provided on Test 6 data sheet. Operation of each piece
of equipment shall be indicated on the graphical data sheet(s).

1 of 2
APPENDIX 7

PREVENTIVE ACTION LEVEL RESULTS

Enter the highest value of cow contact voltage or current that occurred during the 48-hour test from
Appendix 2, and corresponding primary to reference ground voltage.

48hrVp : __________V 48hrVcc : __________V or 48hr Icc : __________A

Enter the value of cow contact voltage or current and corresponding primary to reference ground
voltage that was present during the load box test with the farm power off and the load box off.

OFF Vp : __________V OFF Vcc : __________V or OFF Icc : __________A

Enter the value of cow contact voltage or current and corresponding primary to reference ground
voltage that was present during the load box test with the farm power off and the load box set at
half load.

LOAD HALF Vp : __________V LOAD HALF Vcc : __________V or LOAD HALF Icc :
__________A

Enter the value of cow contact voltage or current and corresponding primary to reference ground
voltage that was present during the load box test with the farm power off and the load box at
maximum.

LOAD FULL Vp : __________V LOAD FULL Vcc : __________V or LOAD FULL Icc :
__________A

Calculations:

Utility Contribution to
Cow Contact Voltage = HALF FULL
HALF 48hr
Vp - Vp
Vp - Vp )Vcc - (Vccx HALF FULL HALF Vcc 

Utility contribution to cow contact voltage = V

Utility contribution to cow contact voltage as a percentage of 48hr Vcc = %

Utility contribution to cow contact voltage as a percentage of PAL = %

2 of 2
Utility Contribution to
Cow Contact Current =
HALF FULL
HALF 48hr
Vp - Vp
Vp - Vp )Icc - (Iccx HALF FULL HALF Icc 

Utility contribution to cow contact current = mA (milliamps)

Utility contribution to cow contact current as a percentage of 48hr Icc = %

Utility contribution to cow contact current as a percentage of the PAL = %

See Section 071.02 for required actions based on these results.