20180529Admitted Exhibit 70.pdf

3/21/2018 Wyoming Profile
US er Information
O
Wyoming State Energy Profile
Wyoming Quick Facts
Wyoming produced about 40%of all coal mined in the United States in 2016,and accounted for about one-third
of U.S.coal reserves.
The largest uranium mining operations in the United States are in Wyoming,and the state has nearly 60%of the
U.S.operating capacity for producing uranium ore that fuels nuclear power plants.
Wyoming is one of the top 10 natural gas-producing states and two-thirds of that production occurs on federal
lands.
Wind power has increased rapidly in Wyoming in the last 10 years and accounted for nearly 10%of the state's
net electricity generation in 2016.
As the smallest state by population,Wyoming's total electricity demand is low,and about 60%of its generated
electricity is sent to other states.
Last Updated:December 21,2017
Wyoming Energy Consumption Estimates,2015
Coal
Natural Gas
Motor Gasoline excl.Ethanol
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric Power
Biomass
Other Renewables
Net Electricity imports
Net Interstate Flow of Electricity
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Trillion Btu
Source Energy information Administration State Energy Data System
O
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RMP Cross Exhibit
Data
Last Update:March 15,2018 |Next Update:April 19,2018
Energy Indicators
Demography Wyoming Share of U.S.Period
Population 0.6 million 0.2%2016
Civilian Labor Force 0.3 million 0.2%Jan-18
Economy Wyoming U.S.Rank Period
Gross Domestic $37.9 billion 50 2016
Product
Gross Domestic $2,241 million 48 2016
Product for the
ManufacturingSector
Per Capita Personal $55,212 10 2016
Income
Vehicle Miles Traveled 9,323 million miles 47 2016
Land in Farms 30.4 million acres 11 2012
Climate Wyoming U.S.Rank Period
Average Temperature 43.2 degreesFahrenheit 45 2017
Precipitation 18.7 inches 42 2017
Prices
Petroleum Wyoming U.S.Average Period find more
Domestic Crude Oil $53.83 /barrel $56.98 /barrel Dec-17
First Purchase
Natural Gas Wyoming U.S.Average Period find more
City Gate $3.83 Ithousandcu ft $3.99 Ithousandcu ft Dec-17 find more
Residential $7.96 /thousand cu ft $9.33 /thousand cu ft Dec-17 find more
Coal Wyoming U.S.Average Period find more
AverageSales Price $13.74 /short ton $30.57 /short ton 2016
Deliveredto Electric W $2.04 Imillion Btu Dec-17
Power Sector
Electricity Wyoming U.S.Average Period find more
Residential 11.15 cents/kWh 12.50 cents/kWh Dec-17 find more
Commercial 9.50 cents/kWh 10.32 cents/kWh Dec-17 find more
Industrial 6.80 cents/kWh 6.63 cents/kWh Dec-17 find more
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Reserves RMP Cross Exhibit
Reserves Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Crude Oil (as of Dec.791 million barrels 2.4%2016 find more
Expected Future 20,818 billion cu ft 6.5%2016 find more
Productionof Dry
Natural Gas (as of Dec.
31)
Expected Future 511 million barrels 3.5%2016 find more
Production of Natural
Gas Plant Liquids
RecoverableCoal at 6,220 million short tons 36.7%2016 find more
Producing Mines
Rotary Rigs &Wells Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Rotary Rigs in 11 rigs 2.2%2016
Operation
Natural Gas Producing 23,694 wells 4.3%2016 find more
Wells
Capacity Wyoming Share of U.S.Period
Crude Oil Refinery 177,500 barrels/calendar day 1.0%2017
Capacity (as of Jan.1)
O Electric Power Industry 8,594 MW 0.8%Dec-17
Net Summer Capacity
Supply &Distribution
Production Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Total Energy 9,064 trillion Btu 10.3%2015 find more
Crude Oil 6,871 thousand barrels 2.2%Dec-17 find more
Natural Gas -Marketed 1,664,604 million cu ft 5.8%2016 find more
Coal 297,218 thousand short tons 40.8%2016 find more
Total Utility-Scale Net Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Electricity Generation
Total Net Electricity 4,224 thousand MWh 1.2%Dec-17
Generation
Utility-Scale Net Wyoming U.S.Average Period
Electricity Generation
(share of total)
Petroleum-Fired 0.1 %0.5 %Dec-17 find more
Natural Gas-Fired 1.9 %30.7 %Dec-17 find more
Coal-Fired 84.9 %30.8 %Dec-17 find more
Nuclear 0.0 %21.3 %Dec-17 find more
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Supply &Distribution RMP Cross Exhibit
Renewables 11.9 %16.0 %Dec-17
Stocks Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Motor Gasoline 455 thousand barrels 2.7%Dec-17
(Excludes Pipelines)
Distillate Fuel Oil 756 thousand barrels 0.7%Dec-17 find more
(Excludes Pipelines)
Natural Gas in 99,398 million cu ft 1.3%Dec-17 find more
UndergroundStorage
Petroleum Stocks at 39 thousand barrels 0.1%Dec-17 find more
Electric Power
Producers
Coal Stocks at Electric 4,431 thousand tons 3.2%Dec-17 find more
PowerProducers
Fueling Stations Wyoming Share of U.S.Period
Motor Gasoline 330 stations 0.3%2015
LiquefiedPetroleum 29 stations 0.9%2017
Gases
Electricity 31 stations 0.2%2017
Ethanol 7 stations 0.2%2017
Compressed Natural 8 stations 0.6%2017
Gas and Other
Alternative Fuels
Consumption &Expenditures
Summary Wyoming U.S.Rank Period
Total Consumption 524 trillion Btu 42 2015 find more
Total Consumption per 893 million Btu 2 2015 find more
Capita
Total Expenditures $4,380 million 45 2015 find more
Total Expenditures per $7,468 2 2015 find more
Capita
by End-Use Sector Wyoming Share of U.S.Period
Consumption
»Residential 45 trillion Btu 0.2%2015 find more
»Commercial 62 trillion Btu 0.3%2015 find more
»Industrial 304 trillion Btu 1.0%2015 find more
»Transportation 113 trillion Btu 0.4%2015 find more
Expenditures
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Consumption &Expenditures RMP Cross Exhibit
»Residential $444 million 0.2%2015 find more
»Commercial $546 million 0.3%2015 find more
»Industrial $1,479 million 0.8%2015 find more
»Transportation $1,912 million 0.4%2015 find more
by Source Wyoming Share of U.S.Period
Consumption
»Petroleum 29.4 million barrels 0.4%2015 find more
»Natural Gas 138.7 billion cu ft 0.5%2015 find more
»Coal 27.8 million short tons 3.5%2015 find more
Expenditures
»Petroleum $2,594 million 0.4%2015 find more
»Natural Gas $415 million 0.3%2015 find more
»Coal $812 million 2.2%2015 find more
Consumption for Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Electricity Generation
Petroleum 12 thousand barrels 0.4%Dec-17 find more
Natural Gas 564 million cu ft 0.1%Dec-17 find more
Coal 2,175 thousandshort tons 3.7%Dec-17 find more
Energy Source Used Wyoming U.S.Average Period
for Home Heating
(share of households)
Natural Gas 59.4 %48.6 %2015
Fuel Oil 0.3 %5.6 %2015
Electricity 22.6 %37.2 %2015
LiquefiedPetroleum 10.2 %4.8 %2015
Gases
Other/None 7.4 %3.8 %2015
Environment
Renewable Energy Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Capacity
Total Renewable 1,794 MW 0.9%Nov-17
Energy Electricity Net
SummerCapacity
Ethanol Plant Operating0 million gallyear 0.0%2017
Production
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Environment RMP Cross Exhibit
Renewable Energy Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Production OUtility-Scale 82 thousand MWh 0.4%Dec-17
HydroelectricNet
Electricity Generation
Utility-Scale Solar,422 thousand MWh 1.5%Dec-17
Wind,and Geothermal
Net Electricity
Generation
Utility-Scale Biomass 0 thousand MWh 0.0%Dec-17
Net Electricity
Generation
Distributed (Small-0 thousand MWh 0.0%Dec-17
Scale)Solar
PhotovoltaicGeneration
Ethanol Production 183 ThousandBarrels 0.1%2015
Renewable Energy Wyoming U.S.Rank Period find more
Consumption
RenewableEnergy 9.3 %24 2015
Consumption as a
Share of State Total
Ethanol Consumption 914 thousand barrels 48 2016
Total Emissions Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Carbon Dioxide 65.0 million metric tons 1.2%2015
Electric Power Wyoming Share of U.S.Period find more
Industry Emissions
Carbon Dioxide 44,172 thousand metric tons 2.3%2016
Sulfur Dioxide 35 thousand metric tons 1.9%2016
Nitrogen Oxide 39 thousand metric tons 2.4%2016
Analysis
Last Updated:December 21,2017
Overview
The tectonic forces that created Wyoming's complex Rocky Mountain terrain preserved organic-rich fossil beds from
multiple geologic eras,1 making the state a major producer of coal,natural gas,and crude oil.2 It has the smallest
population of any state,and only Alaska has fewer residents per square mile.3 Wyoming produces more energy than it
consumes and supplies more energy to other states than any other state in the nation4 Wyoming produces more
onshore oil on federal leases than any other state and produces the second highest amount of federal onshore gas5
Wyoming's lowest elevation point is more than half a mile above sea level,and its Wyorning
mountain peaks exceed 2 miles high.The state's mountains,which form part of
the Continental Divide,channel weather-and often fierce winds-across wide Supphemore
plains.The high elevations give Wyoming a cooler climate overali,but €Tl€rgy ÉO Of/1€r
temperatures can be extreme.The state's record high is 114°F in the Big Horn
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Basin,and the record low is 66°F below zero in Yellowstone National RMP CrsM A nyPark.6National parks like Yellowstone and the Grand Teton,and national
monuments like Devils Tower and Fossil Butte,as well as the Wind River and other state in the
Bighorn mountain ranges,help make tourism the state's second largest industry gggjpg
The biggest industry in Wyoming is energy-related mining and minerals
e×traction."Coal,crude oil,natural gas,or some combination of those fuels was produced in 20 of Wyoming's 23
counties during 2016.9 Mineral royalties and severance and related taxes typically provide a substantial portion of state
revenues.10 Although only 6%of the energy produced in Wyoming is consumed there,11 is among the top five states
with the highest per capita energy consumption,12 and its large energy and minerals production gives it one of the most
energy-intensive state economies.13 The industrial sector uses more than half of all energy consumed in the state,and
the transportation sector consumes more than one-fifth.14
Petroleum
Wyoming has less than 3%of proved U.S.crude oil reserves,15 and the state typically accounts for between 2%and 3%
of the nation's total crude oil production.16 Wyoming is a crossroads for pipelines bringing Canadian and Rocky
Mountain crude oil to refineries in the Rocky Mountain states and the Midwest and for pipelines shipping refined products
to markets in those regionS.17Wyoming has five operating crude oil refineries that provide one-fourth of the refining
capacity in the Rocky Mountain region that also includes Colorado,Idaho,Montana,and Utah.18 Wyoming's refineries
produce motor gasoline,diesel fuel,aviation fuel,and other products,and they have added the capability to process
Canadian heavy sour crude oils.19,20,21,22,23
Wyoming is among the five states with the lowest total petroleum consumption.24 Wyoming'sper
However,because the state has the smallest population,Wyoming ranks among
the five states with the highest consumption of petroleum on a per capita
basis.25,26 The state's refineries deliver much of their output to neighboring CONSumption of
states.Of the petroleum products consumed in Wyoming,three-fifths are used in
..petroleumis onethetransportationsectorandmostoftheremainingbarrelsareusedbythe
industrial sector.27 Wyoming is one of the few states that allow statewide use of of the highest of
conventional motor gasoline.28,29 all the states.
Following a steady decline in the state's oil production that begin in 1985,
producers using advanced drilling technologies increased the state's crude oil production starting in 2010.Most of the
production increase has come from two regions in eastern Wyoming:the Niobrara Shale north of the Colorado border
and the coal-rich Powder River Basin south of the Montana border.However,when crude oil prices declined,oil
production fell from its peak in the spring of 2015.30,31,32,33,34Southwestern Wyoming overlies part of the Green River oil
shale,a formation rich in kerogen,an organic material found in sedimentary rock,which can be mined,crushed,and
heated to extract crude oil.Green River,by some estimates,could be the world's largest crude oil resource if technology
were developed to extract the oil economically.35,36
Natural gas
Wyoming ranks among the top 5 states with the most natural gas reserves,37 and ItDO-thirds of
it is one of the top 10 natural gas-producing states in the nation.38 Two-thirds of Wyorning's
the state's natural gas is produced on federal leases.39 Production takes place
throughout the state,but most of Wyoming's natural gas has come from fields in RG¾ral QQS
the Green River Basin located in the state's southwest.40,41,42 production
Production of coalbed methane from coal seams in the Powder River Basin has OCCUPS On
steadily declined since 2000.43 Recent lower natural gas prices made some federal lands.
coalbed methane wells uneconomical.44,45 Coalbed methane accounts for almost
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one-tenth of Wyoming's natural gas production.46 Colorado,New Mexico,and RMP Cross Exhibit
Wyoming are the leading coalbed methane producers in the United States.47
Wyoming typically consumes less than one-tenth of the natural gas it produces,Wyoming has 16
with more than half of that gas used by the state's industrial sector;mainly in the
production and distribution of energy.48.49 Most natural gas produced in the state of the largest
is shipped out through interstate pipelines50 that cross into Utah,Colorado,and U.S.natural gas
Nebraska,and deliver natural gas to both the Midwest and the West Coast.51 fields,with twoSeveralinterstatepipelinesconvergeatOpal,Wyoming,creating a major
interstate natural gas trading hub.52,53 Wyoming's natural gas storage capacity of the fields
increased by about one-fourth in 2012 after a new storage field came online at the ranked in the
Opal hub."The state has nine natural gas storage fields.55 top10.
Wyoming has 16 of the nation s largest natural gas fields,including the Pinedale
and Jonah fields that rank among the top 10.56 Natural gas exploration has
expanded across the state,including into the Powder River Basin,although Wyoming's total gas production has
decreased from its 2009 peak.57,58 The state has imposed new requirements to control the emissions from drilling.59,60
The reduction in emission releases,plus a slowdown in drilling because of depressed natural gas prices,have resulted
in recent air quality improvements.61 Natural gas is Wyoming's most widely used home heating fuel,used in three out of
five households.,62
Coal
Wyoming holds more than one-third of the U.S.recoverable coal reserves at Seven of the 10
producing mines.63 The state has led the nation in coal production since 1986,largest U.S.coalandaccountsfortwo-fifths of all coal mined in the United States.64,65 Se e &
the 10 largest U.S.coal mines are located in Wyoming's Powder River Basin.66 UlÍn€S GP€
Seams of subbituminous coal,some more than 100 feet thick,lie at shallow located in
depths,allowing large-scale mechanized surface mining.67 Most of the coal is
loaded on to unit trains,which can stretch up to a mile-and-a-half long with about Wyoming's
130 coal cars.""Wyoming's coal is shipped to power plants in more than 30 Powder River
states.69 Coal-fired power plants in Texas,Illinois,and Missouri are the biggest Basin.users of Wyoming's coal.70
The primary transportation route for coal from the rugged and sparsely populated
Powder River Basin region is the PRB Joint Line,co-owned by two major railroads.71,72 The railroads have gradually
added parallel tracks to decrease congestion and minimize shipping delays,particularly after three train derailments in
2005 severely damaged the PRB Joint Line and halted coal shipments.As area coal mining has grown,the railroads
have gradually added parallel tracks to decrease congestion and minimize shipping delays,particularly after three train
derailments in 2005 severely damaged the PRB Joint Line and halted coal shipmentS.73,74 Little of Wyoming's coal is
expoded to other countries.75
Wyoming has more than one-third of recoverable U.S.coal reserves at producing mines.In the short term,coal use is
expected to decline nationwide as older coal-fired electricity generating units are retired.In the longer term,demand is
expected to stabilize for Wyoming's low-sulfur coal,which can help some generating units comply with air quality
standards.'Wyoming also has the world's largest known deposit of trona,a mineral used in dry sorbent injection
technology to meet federal emission standards,which helps generators to continue to use coal.'Although little Wyoming
coal has been exported overseas,coal producers and railroads serving the Powder River Basin are considering more
exports from Pacific ports to Asia.
Electricity
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Coal-fired power plants dominate Wyoming's electricity sector,producing about 8§¾/HPtOresdeExhMectity
generation.Wind energy's share has increased rapidly in the last 10 years,and contributed nearly 10%of net electricity
generation in 2016.Small hydroelectric facilities and natural gas-fired and petroleum-fueled generating units contribute
the remaining 5%of Wyoming's electricity.76,77Most power from natural gas is generated and consumed at industrial
facilities,76but new natural gas-fired capacity is being built by electric utilities to replace aging coal units.IB
Because of the state's small population,total electricity demand is low,and Wyoming sends about 60%of the electricity
it generates to nearby states.81,82,High-voltage transmission lines carrying electricity from Wyoming often operate at
maximum capacity,83and the state government encourages transmission expansion.Several major interstate projects
are in development to transmit more electricity supplies from Wyoming to western population centers.84 Within Wyoming,
the industrial sector is the largest electricity consumer,accounting for more than half of the electricity used in the
state.85Wyoming ranks among the 10 states with the lowest average electricity rates in the nation.86
Wyoming does not have any nuclear power plants,but it is one of seven states Wyoming is
with significant uranium reserves.UI The largest uranium mining operations in the home to nearlyUnitedStatesarelocatedinWyoming,and the state is home to nearly 60%of the
nation's operating capacity for producing the uranium ore that fuels nuclear power 60%of the
plants."Expectations of rising uranium ore prices as more nuclear power plants nation'sinothercountriescomeonlinecouldresultinnewminingactivityinthestate.89.90
operating
Renewable energy capacityfor
Wyoming has some of the largest wind Winds are producingresourcesinthenation,especially in the
southeast corner of the state.91Sustained funneled uranium ore.
O winds are funneled through mountain through
passes and out across the high prairie,
giving Wyoming wind farms high operating Wyoming's
capacity factors.92,93The amount of MOURÉGÍnþQSS€S
installed wind-poweredgenerating capacity and across thehasgrownrapidlydunngthelast10years,
with Wyoming ranked 15th in the nation in pygjpjg gygggjpg
2016 at nearly 1,500 megawatts of wind
94,95 arnong the bestpowercapacity,'Several large-scale
projects are in development,96,97 including U.S.wind
a 3,000-megawatt project at Chokecherry-PBSOUTC€S.Sierra Madre,which may become the
largest wind project in the
nation.""Wyoming officials are actively
seeking customers for the state's wind power in California and Colorado,which have significant renewable energy
requirements.100,101 The Wyoming Infrastructure Authority is encouraging several large transmission projects aimed at
transporting Wyoming's wind-generated electricity to Nevada,Arizona,and California.102
Most of Wyoming's hydroelectric dams are relatively small,old,and owned by the federal government.103,104 Though
the state has significant potential solar resources,105 no utility-scale solar generation has been installed,in part because
of Wyoming's relatively low electricity rates.A small amount of distributed small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV)capacity,
located mostly on residential rooftops,has been installed around the state.106,107,108 While Wyoming does not have a
renewable portfolio standard (RPS)or other requirement to generate electricity from renewable energy,109 the state
does provide net metering for residential,commercial,and industrial customers with renewable energy systems smaller
than 25 kilowatts,including solar PV panels,wind turbines,biomass plants,and hydroelectric generators.110
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Wyoming's geothermal resources are used mainly in Yellowstone National Park a t W§¾ÑarkJ3eothermal
energy is also used in the state to heat buildings,water,and roadways.111 Wyoming does have adequate geothermal
resources to support geothermal heat pumps for supplying heat in new buildings or in retrofits of existing buildings.112
OEnergyontriballands
Wyoming's Wind River Reservation,one of the nation's largest reservations at more than 3,500 square miles,is home to
both the Arapahoe and the Shoshone tribes.113,114 It is Wyoming's only reservation,and it occupies most of the northern
and central pads of the Wind River Basin in west-central Wyoming.115 Crude oil and natural gas have been produced on
the Wind River Reservation for well over a century.116
The state's first oil well was drilled in the Wind River Basin in 1884,south of the reservation boundary.117 About a half
century later,several oil seeps were discovered within the resentation,and crude oil and natural gas production on tribal
lands followed.118 Between 1884 and the mid-1990s,more than 550 million barrels of crude oil and almost 3 trillion cubic
feet of natural gas were produced from reservoirs in the Wind River Basin.119 In 2012,a settlement was reached
between the tribes and the federal government for underpayment and improper management of royalties owed on crude
oil and natural gas production from reservation land.The settlement included a $157 million payment to the tribes.120,121
The Wind River Reservation has significant wind energy resources along the mountain ridges that border the
reservation.122,123 Several areas of the reservation have been evaluated for wind projects that could give the two tribes
an additional source of energy.124 The reservation has potential solar resources as well.125
Endnotes
1 McClendon,Russell,"Where Does Coal Come From?"Mother Nature Network (August 4,2009).
2 U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA),State Energy Data System,Table P4,Energy Production Estimates in
Physical Units,Ranked by State,2015.
3 U.S.Census Bureau.Resident Population Data,Population Density,1910-2010.
4 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Production,Table P3,Energy Production and Consumption Estimates in Trillion
Btu,2015.
5 U.S.Department of the interior,Bureau of Land Management,Wyoming Oil and Gas Lease Sales,accessed
November 1,2017.
6 Gray,Steve,"Wicked Wind,Raging Blizzards and Bitter Cold-and That's Just Summer in Wyoming,"Community
Collaborative Rain,Hail &Snow Network,State Climate Series,accessed November 1,2017.
7 Forbes,Best States for Business,Wyoming (November 2016).
8 U.S.Department of Commerce,Bureau of Economic Analysis,Wyoming,updated September 26,2017.
Petroleum Association of Wyoming,2017 Facts and Figures,Production.
10 State of Wyoming,Department of Revenue,2016 Annual Report,Mineral Tax Division,p.3,39-52.
11 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Production,Table P3,Energy Production and Consumption Estimates in Trillion
Btu.2015.
12 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table C13,Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector,
Ranked by State,2015.
13 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table C12,Total Energy Consumption Estimates,Real Gross Domestic Product
(GDP),Energy Consumption Estimates per Real Dollar of GDP,Ranked by State,2015.
14 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table C10,Energy Consumption Estimates by End Use Sector,Ranked by
State,2015.
15 U.S.EIA,U.S.Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves,2015 (December 2016),Table 6,Crude oil plus lease
condensate proved reserves,reserves changes,and production,2015.
16 U.S.EIA,Crude Oil Production,Annual-Thousand Barrels,2011-16.
17 Jeffries,Brian,Update on Natural Gas,NGLs and Crude,Wyoming Pipeline Authority (August 25,2015),Slides 23,
31-33.
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18 U.S.EIA,Refinery Capacity 2017,Table 1,Number and Capacity of Operable BWeamihikkiBAD District
and State as of January 1,2017.
19 U.S.EIA,Refinery Capacity 2017,Table 3,Capacity of Operable Petroleum Refineries by State as of January 1,2017,
p.19.
20 HollyFrontier Corp.,Cheyenne Refinery,accessed November 2,2017.
21 Silver Eagle Refining,About,accessed November 2,2017.
22 Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality,Wyoming Refining,accessed November 2,2017..
23 Sinclair Oil,Refineries,accessed November 2,2017.
24 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table C2,Energy Consumption Estimates for Major Energy Sources in Physical
Units,2015
25 U.S.ElA,State Energy Data System,Table C11,Energy Consumption Estimates by Source,Ranked by State,2015.
26 U.S.Census Bureau,Resident Population Data,Population Density,1910-2010.
27 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table F15,Total Petroleum Consumption Estimates,2015.
28 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Learn About Gasoline,accessed November 2,2017.
29 American Petroleum Institute,U.S.Gasoline Requirements (June 2015).
30 U.S.EIA,Wyoming Field Production of Crude Oil,Monthly,accessed November 2,2017.
31 Richards,Heather,"Wyoming trudges through oil price slump,"Casper Star Tribune,March 24,2017.
32 Richards,Heather,"The Powder River Basin is poised for growth when oil prices rise.But what will it mean for jobs?"
Casper Star Tribune (June 17,2017).
Voge,Adam,"Niobrara Production,Permitting on the Rise,"Casper Star Tribune (August 13,2012).
34 DrillingEdge,Oil &Gas Production in Wyoming,Oil and Gas Production by Year in Wyoming,accessed November 2,
2017.
35 U.S.Government Accountability Office,Opportunities and Challenges of Oil Shale Development,GAO-12-740T (May
10,2012).
36 Maffly,Brian,"Company Wants to Run Utility Corridor Through Public Land for Oil-Shale Mine in Uinta Basin,"The
Salt Lake Tribune (April 7,2016).
37 U.S.EIA,U.S.Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves,2015 (December 2016),Table 10,Total natural gas
proved reserves,reserves changes,and production,wet after lease separation,2015.
38 U.S.EIA,Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production,Gross Withdrawals,Annual-Million Cubic Feet,2011-16,
and Marketed Production,Annual-Million Cubic Feet,2011-16.
39 U.S.Department of the Interior,Natural Resources Revenue Data,Production on federal land in Wyoming,accessed
November 4,2017.
40 Petroleum Association of Wyoming,Wyoming Oil &Gas,Facts &Figures 2017 Edition,Production.
41 Wyoming State Geological Survey,Wyoming Oil &Gas Facts,Wyoming's Natural Gas,accessed November 4,2017.
42 Wyoming State Geological Survey,Greater Green River Basin.Past Production,updated January 31,2017.
43 U.S.EIA,Wyoming Coalbed Methane Production,2000-15.
44 Bleizeffer,Dustin,"Coalbed Methane:Boom,Bust and Hard Lessons,"Wyoming State Historical Society,accessed
November 4,2017.
45 Richards,Heather,"Talking Points:The Basics on Wyoming's Orphaned Wells,"Casper Star Tribune (August 30,
2017).
46 U.S.EIA,Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production,Wyoming,2011-16.
47 U.S.EIA,Coalbed Methane Production,2010-15.
48 U.S.EIA,Natural Gas Consumption By End-Use,Wyoming,2011-16.
O 49 U.S.EIA,Natural Gas Gross Withdrawals and Production,Wyoming,2011-16,Wyoming.
50 Jeffries,Brian,Update on Natural Gas,NGLs and Crude,Wyoming Pipeline Authority (August 25,2015),Slides 2,14.
51 U.S.EIA,International and Interstate Movements of Natural Gas by State,Wyoming,2011-16.
52 A Barrel Full,Opal Natural Gas Market Hub,see links to Ruby and Northwest Gas Pipelines,accessed November 4,
2017.
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53 NGl Data,Opal,Opal Description,accessed November 4,2017.RMP Cross Exhibit
54 U.S.EIA,Natural Gas,Wyoming Natural Gas Underground Storage Capacity,Total Storage Capacity,accessed
NSember 4,N2a0t
I Gas,Wyoming Natural Gas Underground Storage Capacity,Total Number of Existing Fields,
accessed November 6,2017.
56 U.S.EIA,Top 100 U.S.Oil and Gas Fields (March 2015).
57 Petroleum Association of Wyoming,Wyoming Oil &Gas,Facts &Figures 2017 Edition,Production.
58 OrillingEdge.Oil &Gas Production in Wyoming,Browse Wyoming Counties by Production,accessed November 4.
2017.
59 Storrow.Benjamin,"State Regulators Move to Clamp Down on Oil and Gas Emissions,"Casper Star Tribune (October
23,2015).
60 Richards,Heather,"Energy Journal:Lessons from Pinedale;Capturing Carbon Emissions in Gillette,"Casper Star
Tribune (July 11,2016).
61 Storrow,Benjamin,"Ozone Levels Down in Pinedale Area as EPA Prepares a More Stringent Pollution Threshold,"
Casper Star Tribune (September 1,2015).
62 U.S.Census Bureau,American FactFinder,Wyoming,Table 825040,House Heating Fuel,American Community
Survey 1-Year Estimates,2016.
63 U.S.EIA,Annual Coa/Repor12016(November 15,2017),Table 14,Recoverable Coal Reserves and Average
Recovery Percentage at Producing Mines by State,2016 and 2015.
64 U.S.EIA,Annual Coal Report 2016 (November 15,2017),Table 1,Coal Production and Number of Mines by State
and Mine Type,2016,2015.
65 U.S.EIA,State Energy Data System,Table P4,Energy Production Estimates in Physical Units,Ranked by State,
2015.
66 U.S.EIA,Annual Coal Report 2016 (November 15,2017),Table 9,Major U.S.Coal Mines,2016.
67 Wyoming Mining Association,Coal,accessed November 8,2017.
68 TrainfantiCS.com,Wyoming Coal Trains Keep Moving Day and Night!,accessed November 8,2017.
69 Wyoming Mining Association,Coal,accessed November 8,2017.
70 Wyoming State Geological Survey,Coal Production and Mining,accessed November 16,2017.
71 Dorgan,Randy,'Will Coal's Rail Problem be Solved in 2015?"Casper Star Tribune (February 6,2015).
72 Western Organization of Resource Councils,Heavy Traffic Ahead (July 2012),p.20-21.
73 U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability,Deliveries of Coal from the Powder
River Basin Events and Trends,2005-2007 (October 2007),E×ecutive Summary.
74 "UP,BNSF Announce Southern Powder River Basin Joint Line $100 Million Capacity E×pansion Plan,"Union Pacific
Railroad,Press Release (May 8,2006).
75 U.S.EIA,Annual Coal Distribution Report 2016 (November 21,2017),Domestic and foreign distribution of U.S.coal
by state origin.
76 U.S.EIA,Electric Power Monthly (February 2017),Tables 1.3.B,1.4.B,1.7.B,1.10.B,1.14.8.
77 U.S.EIA,Electricity,Detailed State Data,Net Generation by State by Type of Producer by Energy Source,1990-
2015.
78 Stafford,Jim,Wyoming's Electrical Generation,Wyoming State Geological Survey (February 2012),p.2-3.
79 "Wyoming Company to Close Coal Power Plant;Natural Gas Plant Will Open in Cheyenne,"Greeley Tribune (March
31,2014).
80 Dixon,Tom,"The Big Switch:Utilities'Conversion from Coal to Natural Gas,"Casper Star Tribune (May 31,2014).
81 U.S.EIA,Electric Power Monthly (February 2017),Tables S.4.B,1.3.B.
82 U.S.EIA,Wyoming Electricity Profile,Table 10,Supply and disposition of electricity,1990-2015.
83 Stafford,Jim,Wyoming's Electrical Generation,Wyoming State Geological Survey (February 2012),p.3.
84 Wyoming Infrastructure Authority,Power Transmission and Generation Projects,accessed November 9,2017.
85 U.S.EIA,Wyoming Electricity Profile 2015,Table 8,Retail sales,revenue,and average retail price by sector,1990
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through 2015.RMP Cross Exhibit
86 U.S.EIA,Electric Power Monthly (February 2017),Table 5.6.8.
6 U.S.EIA,Domestic Uranium Production Report -Annual,2016 (May 24,2017),Table 10,Uranium reserve estimates
at the end of 2015 and 2016.
88 U.S.EIA,Domestic Uranium Production Report -Annual,2016 (May 24,2017),Table 5,U.S.uranium in-situ leach
plants by owner,location,capacity and operating status at the end of the year,2011-16.
89 Gregory,Robert,Wyoming's Uranium Resources,Wyoming State Geological Survey (February 2015).
90 Beck,Madelyn,"Busted Uranium Market Gears Up For Potential Boom,"lE Inside Energy (August 30,2017).
91 U.S.Department of Energy,Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,WINDExchange,Wyoming Wind Resource
Map and Potential Wind Capacity (September 24,2015).
92National Renewable Energy Laboratory,"NREL Study Indicates Economic Potential for Wyoming Wind Transmission
to California,"Press Release (March 24,2014).
University of Wyoming,"UW Study Determines Wyoming Wind Could Benefit Colorado Economically"(April 3,2013).
94U.S.EIA,Electricity,Detailed State Data,1990-2015,Existing Nameplate and Net Summer Capacity by Energy
Source,Producer Type and State (EIA-860).
95American Wind Energy Association,Wyoming Wind Energy,accessed November 9,2017.
96U.S.Department of the Interior,Bureau of Land Management,Wyoming,Wind Energy,updated November 22,2013.
97Jaffe,Mark,"Wyoming Wind Farm Energy Would Go to L.A.,"The Denver Post (September 24,2014).
U.S.Department of the Interior,Bureau of Land Management,Chokecherry and Sierra Madre Wind Energy Project,
accessed November 9,2017.
*Power Company of Wyoming,Putting Wind to Work in Carbon County,accessed November 9,2017.
100TransWest Express LLC,Delivering Wyoming Wind Energy to the West,accessed November 9,2017.
101Duke American Transmission Co.,Zephyr Power Transmission Project,accessed November 9,2017.
O 102 Wyoming Infrastructure Authority,Power Transmission and Generation Projects,accessed November 9,2017.
103Foundation for Water &Energy Education,Hydroelectric Projects in Wyoming,accessed November 9,2017.
104U.S.E1A,Electricity,Form EIA-860 detailed data,2016,Table 3_1 _Y2015 (November 9,2017).
105National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Solar Maps,U.S.Solar Resource Maps,Direct Normal Solar Resource of
Wyoming,updated April 4,2017.
106Joyce,Stephanie."Solar Economics Looking Sunnier,Even in Coal Country,"Wyoming Public Radio (February 27,
2015).
107 U.S.EIA,Electric Power Monthly (February 2017),Table 1.17.B.
108Solar Energy Industries Association,Wyoming Solar,accessed November 9,2017.
109National Conference of State Legislatures,State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals,updated August 1,2017.
110NC Clean Energy Technology Center,DSIRE,Net Metering,Wyoming,updated December 1,2015.
111Wyoming State Geological Survey,Geothermal Resources,accessed November 16,2017.
112Wyoming State Geological Survey,Potential for Geothermal Energy in Wyoming,updated April 20,2015.
113U.S.Department of the Interior,Bureau of Indian Affairs,Wind River Agency,accessed November 9,2017.
114 National Council of State Legislators,Federal and State Recognized Tribes,updated October 2016.
115Mason,Jon P.,Sonja K.Sebree,and Thomas L.Quinn,Monitoring-Well Network and Sampling Design for Ground-
Water Quality,Wind River indian Reservation,Wyoming,USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5027,Description
of Study Area,updated January 10,2013.
116U.S.Department of Energy,Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Wind River Reservation,p.2,accessed
November 5,2017.
O 117Wyoming State Geological Survey,Wind River Basin,p.2,updated January 31,2017.
118 Stillwell,Dean P.,Stan W.Davis-Lawrence,and Alfred M.Elser,Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenario for
Oil and Gas,Lander Field Office,Wyoming (February 9,2009),p.22.
119 U.S.Department of Energy,Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,Wind River Reservation,p.2.accessed
November 14,2017.
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120 Zhorov,Irina,"Secretary Salazar Finalizes Indian Trust Settlement,"Wyoming u c GWP(ÑA Ber--2-7-,2012).
121Zhorov,Irina,'Money Heads to the Wind River Indian Reservation,"Wyoming Public Radio (April 17,2014).
122U.S.Department of the Interior,Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development,Native American Wind Resource
Atlas (2010 Edition),p.62--63.
123U.S.Department of Energy,Energy Efficiency &Renewable Energy,WINDExchange,Wyoming Wind Resource Map
and Potential Wind Capacity,updated September 24,2015.
124U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs,Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River
Reservation-2006 Project.
125National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Solar Maps,U.S.Solar Resource Maps,Photovoltaics and Concentrating
Solar Power,updated April 4,2017.
Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
Coal Region:Western
Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD):4
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)Regional Entity:Western Electricity Coordinating Council
(WECC)
Other Websites
.Wyoming Public Senrice Commission
.Wyoming Depaitment of Family Services,LIHEAP and WAP
Wyoming Infrastructure Authority
Wyoming Pipeline Authority
Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality,Land Quality Division
.Wyoming Business Council,(State Energy Office)Energy Assistance
University of Wyoming,School of Energy Resources
EIA Wyoming Flickr Album
Wyoming State Geological Survey
Western Area Power Administration
Alternative Fuels Data Center,Federal and State Laws and Incentives
Benefits.Gov,Energy Assistance
.NC Clean Technology Center,Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE)
National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
.National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
United States Department of Energy,Indian Energy Policy and Programs
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL),Energy
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-Geospatial Data Science
U.S.Geological Survey (USGS),Publications
Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission
.Western Interstate Energy Board
Bonneville Power Administration
.Western Governors'Association,Energy
United States Department of Health and Human Services,Administration for Children and Families,Office of
Community Services,Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
U.S.Geological Survey,Maps
Email suggestions for additional Wyoming website resources to:[e-mail].
https://www.eia.gov/statelprint.php?sid=WY 14/15
3/21/2018 Wyoming Profile
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