20060307Revisions.pdf

825 N.E. Multnomah St.
Portland OR 97232
- PACIFICORP ~J: 19
PACIFIC POWER UTAH POWER
March 6, 2006
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Idaho Public Utilities Commission
472 W Washington
Boise, ill 83270
pj\C-f- ~
611-
Attention:Jean Jewell
Commission Secretary
Re:Compliance Filing
Revisions to the Company s Customer Guarantee Rule 25 and Schedule 300
PacifiCorp (d.a. Utah Power & Light Company) hereby submits for filing an original
and seven copies of the Company s filing in compliance with Staff Comments regarding
PacifiCorp s Revisions to the Company s Customer Guarantee Rule 25 and Schedule
300, #3 in Case No. PAC-04-, Order No. 29698, which stated:
That the Company provide a specific proposal to continue monitoring
momentary events as soon as possible.
In accordance with this provision, the Company and the Commission Staff have reviewed
a plan to ensure momentary outage events be evaluated on a state-wide basis to review
system performance in Idaho. A copy of the plan is attached and incorporated as part of
this filing.
Background
The Company filed on December 2, 2004 to extend its Service Standards Program which
comprises the Customer Guarantees and Network Performance Standards. At that time
the Company proposed that both programs be modified slightly to reflect experiences
gained during the prior 5 year period. Within the Network Performance Standards, the
Company proposed removal of a MAIFI (Momentary Average Interruption Frequency
Index) commitment. The Company has limited substation SCADA (System Control and
Data Acquisition) equipment that is capable of detecting interruptions to support an
accurate MAIFI metric. The Company had previously developed a surrogate method of
1 In Case No. PAC-05-, the Company committed in Commitment ill 10) to develop a plan for
measuring short interruptions that it would present to and review with Commission Staff. It committed to
filing this plan within 60 days after the meeting with Staff. On January 12, 2006, the Company and
Commission Staff reviewed this plan; modifications reflecting Staff input were made and incorporated in
the Short Interruption Measurement Plan, which is attached. In Order No. 29973 issued on February 13
2006, the Commission accepted and adopted the commitments included in the Consolidated List of
Commitments, including Commitment ill 10).
measurement for the short interruptions that MAIFI is designed to capture for substations
that do not have SCADA. This surrogate method is not accurately transformed into a
MAIFI metric. Recognizing this, the Company and Commission Staff have concurred
that reporting two different short-interruption measures, dependent upon the type of
equipment at the substation, would provide the Company and the Commission Staff
awareness of areas within the system that may be experiencing unusual short-interruption
performance.
Summary
In compliance with P AC-04- 72 the Company provides the attached Short Interruption
Measurement Plan, which will be used to measure short duration outages for both
SCADA and non-SCADA substations. Using the method outlined, these results will be
provided annually with its regular report ofldaho reliability to Commission Staff.
It is respectfully requested that all formal correspondence and Staff requests regarding
this filing be addressed to the following:
By E-mail (preferred):datarequest~pacificorp. com
By regular mail:Data Request Response Center
PacifiCorp
825 NE Multnomah, Suite 800
Portland, OR 97232
Please direct any informal questions to Heide Caswell at 503-813-6216.
Sincerely,
V~~M-d~1
p.
J\
D. Douglas Larson
Vice President, Regulation
Enclosures
2 This filing also pertains to PAC-05-, Commitment ill (10), as noted previously in footnote 1.
POWER DELIVERY ASSET MANAGEMENT
SHORT-INTERRUPTION/MAIFI REPORTING
MEASUREMENT REPORT
February 21 , 2006
CONTENTS
Executive Summary (IDAHO Only).......................................................................... 2
Background................ .............................. ............... .......... ....... .......... ......... ............ 3
Processes........ ........ ................................... ........... ............
......... .......... ..................
1 Pre-CADOPS environment..................................................................................... 4
2 Post-CADOPS Implementation, Prior To April 1 , 2006: ...........................................
3 Post-CADOPS Implementation, After April 1 , 2006:.................................................
3.4 Post-CADOPS IPost-EMS/SCADA environment ....................................................
5 POST-CADOPS BREAKER OPERATIONS RECORD environment....................... 8
MAl FI Calculations.................. ........... .............................................. ......... .............. 9
BREAKER OPERATIONS Calculations.................................................................
Recommendations................................... ................... ............. ................... ........... 12
Appendix A: Lightning Flash Density Map for PacifiCorp service Territory..................... 13
Appendix B: Vegetation Greenness Map of the United States ....................................... 14
Appendix C: PacifiCorp SCADA By State, Geographical Depictions.............................. 15
Appendix D: Tabular SCADA BY Operating Area wi circuit details ................................ 17
Appendix E -Idaho Circuit Characteristics Maps ........................................................... 19
Appendix F -IEEE P1366-2003 DEFINITIONS............................................................. 24
Page 1 of 30
0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (IDAHO ONLY)
At the approval of the merger between Scottish Power and PacifiCorp, the Company instituted
the Service Standards Program, which identified Performance Standards and Customer
Guarantees that it would implement during the five-year period after the merger s approval.The Customer Guarantees were those customer-specific commitments, such
responsiveness to a request for an estimate. The Performance Standards were state-wide
system commitments, and addressed sustained outage reliability improvements in addition to
momentary outage frequency improvements. During the five-year period the Company
successfully completed each of these commitments. On December 2, 2004 the Company
filed to extend the program with some modifications. Fundamentally, this modification
removed a specific improvement target for momentary outage frequencies, recognizing the
historic surrogate used to calculate momentary interruptions was inaccurate; the Company
previously used breaker operations counts as a method to infer a momentary outage event.
In PAC-04-7 Staff accepted the modified Service Standards Program , with the provision
that the Company propose its future planned MAIFI measurement methodology. This plan
describes the process proposed.
The merger between PacifiCorp and ScottishPower and the introduction of CADOPS
(Computer Aided Distribution Operations System, an automated outage management
system), and Prosper/US (which is a company-developed system for archiving and reporting
outage information), throughout PacifiCorp have been shown to significantly increase the
accuracy and consistency of sustained outage reporting. With CADOPS implementation , (in
March , 2002) the legacy systems which captured momentary information, however
incorrectly, were disabled from automatically generating these statistics. In the interim, a
limited amount of SCADA-outfitted substations have been reporting momentary outage
information into the CADOPS system. These outage events have been archived into
Prosper/US. Momentary indices have been the result of this small subset of momentary
outages divided by the total customers for each state, which has resulted in substantial
under-reporting of momentary metrics. This report describes the going-forward data
collection methodology, utilizing PacifiCorp s SCADA system, where currently in place
beginning at April 1 , 2005 , to be reported at fiscal year-end. Additionally, it describes the
method to calculate MAIFI and MAl FIE. in addition to identifying the method for determining
breaker operations for non-SCADA circuits.
Page 2 of 30
BACKGROUND
Upon the completion of the merger, the Company immediately instigated plans to
simultaneously improve and monitor network reliability performance. This was
accomplished through a series of improvement programs such as the deployment of the
Network Initiatives Program , as well as implementation of outage management software.
The effect of the Network Initiatives Program , as well as other delivery system
improvements , can be evidenced by evaluating performance up to the point that CADOPS
was implemented, and has been previously demonstrated in each state s reported
momentary outage metrics. The system improvements that delivered the reduction in
historic MAIFI included the continued expansion of the underground network, improved
vegetation management programs, continued fuse coordination techniques, optimization of
reclosers and greater usage of reclosers and SmartLinks.
The Company used substation breaker operations counts to infer a momentary interruption.
It calculated that for every time a substation breaker operated when not associated with a
switching or maintenance operation , a momentary interruption had occurred. Every
customer served from that substation breaker was considered to have experienced a
momentary customer interruption. The total number of momentary customer interruptions
was divided by all customers to arrive at MAIFI. This was divided by 3 to arrive at a MAl Fie
result. The factor of 3 was selected because the Company s convention was to have 3
operations prior to lockout. This method did not account for breaker operations that
resulted in lockout, for those operations that successfully cleared a fault prior to the third
reclose operation , nor for short-duration loss of supply events. Regardless, using the
breaker-operation method consistently from 1995 through 2002 demonstrated that the
Company had achieved its merger commitment 5% improvement goal (in Performance
Standard 3).
However, after CADOPS, the reported MAIFI indices in each state have substantially
declined, in large part due to the methods used to infer a MAIFI metric. Upon
implementation of CADOPS , a substantial number of momentary events were not
transmitted into Prosper/US, which led to an understatement of the Company s momentary
indices.
Commencing on April 1 , 2006 the Company proposes that it will use its existing SCADA
system in concert with its Dispatch Log Application to calculate momentary indices to
explicitly report MAIFI and MAIFIE metrics. These results will be reported for fiscal year-
end 2006, after March 31 , 2006. After deployment of its EMS/SCADA project the same
fundamental calculations will be performed within the PI historian, the database into which
the EMS/SCADA system will feed , and again will derive momentary metrics, consistent with
IEEE standards. Additionally, due to the relatively small percentage of circuits that are
outfitted with SCADA, the Company will continue to collect and analyze mechanically-
counted breaker operations for circuits that do not have SCADA.
Page 3 of 30
PROCESSES
PRE-CADOPS ENVIRONMENT:
Prior to CADOPS , PacifiCorp measured momentary events based upon circuit breaker
operations, measured by mechanical counters located at substations. It assumed that
every time a breaker operated, except when associated to routine maintenance or with a
temporary switching operation, a momentary interruption occurred. This data was collected
by monthly capture of these breaker counter readings, performed concurrent with
substation inspections. These readings were entered into the outage reporting system via
an assumption that for each of these events during the period, each customer connected to
the circuit experienced a momentary customer interruption. The momentary average
interruption frequency index, or MAIFI , was calculated by dividing the sum of momentary
customer interruptions by all customers served within the given area (Le. the number of
customers served within a state). To calculate a momentary event index, it divided the
MAIFI index by a factor of 3 (based upon the Company s conventional settings for
reclosures prior to lock-out). These interruptions were stored as ORS (Outage Reporting
System) entries within the outage management system.
The effect of this approach was to overstate momentary interruptions since many of them
result in a sustained interruption (and these can not be differentiated). Potentially, also
momentary events may be incorrect since in many cases only one operation of a breaker
may be required to clear a fault.
Figure 1: Pre-CADOPS Method for Calculating MAIFI & MAIFle
00"",', c;~";
Breaker Counter
Readings
Yes
Historic MAIFI &
MAIFle
Page 4 of 30
POST-CADOPS IMPLEMENTATION , PRIOR TO APRIL 1 2006:
At the time of CADOPS implementation, and in preparation for a more long-range
momentary outage management data capture strategy, the Company severed the ties that
fed breaker-initiated momentary events into the Outage Reporting System. Instead , it
determined that utilizing information initiated by SCADA-collected data would be a more
accurate measure of momentary interruptions. As such , these outages were reported into
Prosper/US, but resulted in understated momentary indices since the system reports were
dividing the interruptions (of which only a small percentage were being reported) by all
customers served by the Company.
Figure 2: Post CADOPS, Prior to April 1 , 2005 Method for Calculating MAIFI & MAIFle
Momentary event occu.-s
*lighlningstrike
*lines make contact; ,
animal contact
tree interaction.
Causes fault, Whichresuijs'in system
attempting to clear the fault via an Interrupting
SCADA Sites are -
. -
device (fuse recloser, bre~ker).lfatcircuit
breaker, and SCADAexists. and breaker statuspO e y sys em has changeqWhen it's polled...
Post-CADOPS
MAIFI & MAIFle
Page 5 of 30
POST-CADOPS IMPLEMENTATION, AFTER APRIL 1, 2006:
As stated previously, at the time of CADOPS implementation much in regard to momentary
outage data collection changed. One system that was implemented prior to that time
called the Dispatcher Log. This system is an ACCESS database application, and is used to
record breaker operations that occur on SCADA operated devices. The data collected
within this ACCESS application is all actions that occurred on them , such as tagged-out
status, operated (and time, date, number of operations , lock-out status and cause of
operation and includes loss of upstream supply). On a monthly basis, a random audit will
be prepared , comparing Dispatch Log entries against Sequence of Events Records for
SCADA-operated breakers. This dataset will serve as the interim data source until the
EMS/SCADA Project is released1 . Upon implementation of this methodology, the Company
will deliver momentary indices consistent with IEEE P1366 standards, where SCADA
breakers are present.
Figure 3: Post CADOPS, Post-April 1 2006 Method for Calculating MAIFI and MAIFle
Momentary. eventoccurs
*ligtilningstrike
*lines, ma~econtact,
aniroaleontact
*I~lnteraclion,
Causesfault,whiclrresults In syStem
attemptingtodeaf'lhe.fault via an interrUpting
device (fuse reqqser breaker). 'l1'at ciffijJit
breakef;andSCAoAexists, and bfE!8kerstatus
. has changed when Irs polled:..
SCADA Sites are
polled by system
1 EMS/SCADA was targeted for late 2005 deployment.
Page 6 of 30
POST -CADOPS IPOST EMS/SCADA ENVIRONMENT:
Upon completion of the EMS/SCADA Project the Company will have a single,
comprehensive data source for evaluation of all types of momentary outage operations
which requires no human intervention for collecting momentary incidents. After
EMS/SCADA deployment, rather than querying the Dispatch Log ACCESS database,
queries within EMS/SCADA's PI historian database will be conducted which is fed directly
from EMS/SCADA. As previously identified, this method will derive momentary indices
consistent with IEEE P1366 standards.
Figure 4: Post-CADOPS, Post EMS/SCADA Method Calculating MAIFI and MAIFle
Momentary event occurs
Iightningstlike
lines make contact
animal contact,
tree interaction
Causes fault, which results in.system
attempting to clearthEffaultviaan interrupting
device (fuse, Jecloser;breaker). -If at circuit
breaker, and SC,t\DAeXists,!'\ndbreaker .status
has changed when it's polled...
SCADA Sites are
polled by system
Post-EMS/SCADA
MAIFI & MAIFle
Page 7 of 30
POST -CADOPS BREAKER OPERATIONS RECORD ENVIRONMENT:
For those circuits without SCADA monitoring equipment, PacifiCorp will measure circuit
breaker operations as recorded by mechanical counters located at substations. These
mechanical counters are read monthly during substation inspections and are entered into
the Company s equipment database , contained in its SAP system. On a routine basis
these counts will be downloaded into spreadsheets and reviewed to determine system
performance issues. There will be no attempt to infer any form of MAIFI measurement;
however this data will be important to evaluate breaker operation performance for potential
substation or downline problem facilities. The summarized data will be provided annually in
the Company s Service Quality Review Report.
Figure 5: Post-CADOPS Method for Calculating Non-SCADA Breaker Operations
M.~~ c;~"
Historic Breaker
Operations
Page 8 of 30
MAIFI CALCULATIONS
Figure 5: Calculation Flow Process using Dispatch Log & PI Historian
Using Dispatch Log Application as Database Using EMS/SCADA PI Historian as Database
For each circuit, identify
. "- "
Dispatch center
. state
operating area
frozen circuit customer coun h center, an
For each trip, identify
circuit name
circuit id
operation start time
operation end time
reclose (y/n)
number of operations
tag-out status
comments
Momentary Interruptions and Events will be calculated as follows:
Definitions
./
SCADA breaker interruption is the individual operation of a breaker that does not
result in a lockout event, and is not associated with a pre-arranged tagging-out
event.
./
SCADA breaker event is the individual sequence of a breaker operation that does
not result in a lockout event, and for which the next operation in the sequence must
be within 5 minutes of the end of the prior operation. It also is not associated with a
pre-arranged tagging-out event.
Calculation
./ For each state
Momentary Interruption (I (SCADA breaker operation)*(SCADA breaker customer
count))/(I(SCADA breaker customer count)
Momentary Event (I (SCADA breaker event)*(SCADA breaker customer
count))/(I(SCADA breaker customer count)
Page 9 of 30
Assumptions
./'
Fundamentally, momentary outages are promulgated via vegetation , lightning3 or
animals within the vicinity of the overhead distribution system.
./'
Downline reclosers4 have a negligible effect on momentary events experienced by
customers either upstream or downstream of the recloser.
2 Vegetation panels are shown in Appendix B to demonstrate the relative predictability of this type of exposure
to the overhead system,3 Lightning flash densiities are depicted on Appendix A across PacifiCorp s service territory.4 Hydraulic and electronic reclosers are delineated in Appendix C.
Page 1 0 of
BREAKER OPERATIONS CALCU LATIONS
Figure 6: Calculation Flow Process using Breaker Counter Readings, Prosper/US and
Using Breaker Operations c~~~ormance Evaluation
~( '
Within Idaho
operating area
breaker id
report start date
report end data
original counter reading
ending period counter readin
known non-fault operations
Non-SCADA breaker operations will be calculated as follows:
Definitions
,/' Non-SCADA breaker operation is the individual operation of a breaker that results in
a recorded breaker operation on the mechanical counters.
,/'
Breaker lockout event is an event which results in an assumed three operations
prior to lockout; a circuit breaker lockout operation will be determined to have
occurred when a sustained event is recorded in Prosper/US that has an auto-
isolation point of the breaker.
,/' Switching operation is an event that was recorded in on-site substation records that
indicate that Company actions resulted in breaker counter records.
Calculation
,/' For each circuit breaker
Breaker Operation = (Non-SCADA breaker operation)-(4* (Prosper/US full circuit
outageautoisolation point =circuit breaker)) )-switching operation counts
Assumptions
,/'
Each breaker is set operate three times prior to lockout.
,/'
Any event that results in a full-circuit outage resulted in the entire breaker
operations sequence being performed.
Page 11 of 30
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that PacifiCorp migrate its momentary outage measurement to leverage
its currently in-place SCADA system and derive IEEE standard-compliant momentary
indices, for those areas with SCADA deployed. For those areas not served by SCADA, it is
recommended that the historic method of measuring breaker operations be modified
slightly to reflect full-circuit outages and employee switching actions , but that the resulting
data is used to evaluate the circuit's performance and make appropriate system
adjustments. Further, it is proposed that the methodology described previously for using
the Dispatch Log ACCESS application for calculating momentary interruption and event
indices be employed until the implementation of EMS/SCADA. Thereafter, similar queries
and calculations will be used within EMS/SCADA's PI historian database.
Page 12 of 30
APPENDIX A: LIGHTNING FLASH DENSITY MAP FOR PACIFICORP SERVICE
TERRITORY
Flash Density in the
Western States
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Page 13 of 30
APPENDIX B: VEGETATION GREENNESS MAP OF THE UNITED STATES
NCDC IMon;tor I Greenlless I &!m:h.1 Help
USFS/NIFC Vegetation Greenness Maps
Dwell Fi'l'!;t:
..-
Dwell Last:
..-
FrameNo:
(!is III iSM. ':ili-131i 1IiII1I/..
iiMlil!li!-lOi .'&1!i(J
1lli-141i1i 1!J1.115. ~I!O
1HI1iI!I11li-IZ5 0 CWl..~-
Page 14 of 30
APPENDIX C: PACIFICORP SCADA BY STATE, GEOGRAPHICAL DEPICTIONS
Idaho State SCADA Distribution Lines with Line Reclosers
IJNDA V
BONNER
OWYHEE
Page 15 of 30
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Page 16 of 30
APPENDIX D: TABULAR SCADA BY OPERATING AREA WI CIRCUIT DETAILS
IDAHO - Customer % with Distribution SCADA
. % of custmners w/out SCADA . % of cust wi SCADA
10%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
MONTPELIER PRESTON REXBURG SHELLY SMITHFIELD IDAHO
. %
ofcustwl SCADA
. % of customers w lout SCADA
29%18%
82%
56%100%
100%71%44%
29%
71%
Page 17 of 30
Substation Name
ALEXANDER
ARIMO
BANCROFT
CHESTERFIELD
COVE
HORSLEY
LAVA
LUND
MONTPELIER
MONTPELIER
MONTPELIER
RAYMOND
ST. CHARLES
DOWNEY
MALAD
MALAD
PRESTON
PRESTON
TANNER
WESTON
WESTON
BERENICE
CANYON CREEK
MENAN
NEWDALE
RIGBY
RIRIE
SOUTH FORK
ST. ANTHONY
SUGAR CITY
THORNTON
GOSHEN
GOSHEN
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO FALLS
IDAHO FALLS
OSGOOD
SHELLEY
UCON
Circuit
ALX11
ARM12
BAN12
CHS12
COV12
HRS11
LVA11
LND11
MNT11
MNT13
MNT14
RAY12
STC11
DWN11
MLD12
MLD13
PRS12
PRS13
TNR11
WST11
WST12
BRN22
CNY21
MNN11
NWD12
RGB13
RIR12
SFK13
STA12
SGR14
THR11
GSH11
GSH13
135
IDF11
IDF12
IDF14
OSG14
SHL 14
UCN11
Circuit Name
ALEXANDER #11
ARIMO #12
BANCROFT #12
CHESTERFIELD #12 HATCH
COVE #12
HORSLEY #11
LAVA #11
LUND #11
MONTPELIER #11
MONTPELIER #13
MONTPELIER #14
RAYMOND #12 SOUTH TO PEGRAM
ST CHARLES #11
DOWNEY #11
MALAD #12
MALAD #13
PRESTON #12
PRESTON #13
TANNER #11 MINK CREEK
WESTON#11 SOUTH - WESTON/FAIRVEW
WESTON #12 NORTH TO DAYTON
BERENICE #22
CANYON CREEK #21
MENAN #11
NEWDALE #12
RIGBY #13
RIRIE #12
SOUTH FORK #13 ANTELOPE FLATS
ST ANTHONY #12
SUGAR CITY #14
THORNTON #11
GOSHEN #11
GOSHEN #13
IDAHO FALLS-IDAHO FALLS CITY-46KV
IDAHO FALLS #11
IDAHO FALLS #12
IDAHO FALLS #14
OSGOOD #14
SHELLEY #14
UCON #11
Page 18 of 30
APPENDIX E -IDAHO CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS MAPS
Montpelier
..-
i1UNCHiAM BONNEVILLE
Page 19 of 30
Mud lake
MONT ANA
BEAVERHEAD
lIH~HI
BtNGHAM
Page 20 of 30
Preston
POWER
Page 21 of 30
Page 22 of 30
Shelley
Page 23 of 30
APPENDIX F - IEEE P1366-2003 DEFINITIONS
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39 :lnbmuJlUIlIlO _a by """'" nWltdR DrUR lIlR:rlin-Uaalpibzm' DutasJs 1Im:1"""",," OII~""
ImumIIoIm,. _Do..... Dr~' fll:ttWealla1f D9a In Ibc btmn.Ip-b:m Dr .....1"" 10 ..... IX' IDN'"....!roam. Whllo 1!J!)!m11y B """" portm or u.. IlIID!:Io!r rT DIem!,b... 1!WIlIS, -n..... Dlelnplkm mil
B Imjj:D Olll1berte....-.. m1lut~".."",..'dDiiIY ImB-'"'-
3Dlo""'I,!: 1J!I!~..10 II1a n_DpemIIDII"llI.~oc""""'" br-.rln In 1tleqI1-P "p""'lIII!u
1Iw1'. IX' 111 u.. ...1.... all mlooEllli! "'ooIml.uf!; ~bpJ:ed. Tbe ctDl!:flJ.lD1Y!I-B PI' u...."""'aJU1SIt~
--
"'" 1_"PI'" tm:Iet"lI:Je&o
111- 11",,"1...-.11. I:ttDplek! "I"oblige m JOt- """:nmm~' ~QOO_1o """ ocmm!
onrt::mJ!n. TIlls d""", :ant lmI'Ido '"'Y PI' tho IJI"I"'r '!)IIiIbly :a..... iWDt lIE ""!!II, """'"", :IDyI1K':II, orh""'mIa.
'no.....-...-
~'" ..... """'"
~....... L
"""A"'Bh""""""""..'-"nga ......-
Page 24 of 30
""'" ""'"'" ..-aote....,cm..." """"""'" ...........1I.1TT N:l1::e!I
.... ",."..,.....
12 -Jnr IMInlt 111......1t ItDt ,,""""'tis -..amble de5li!;n -. rc ~mJ _III Dr-I!bmI"J""WI'I'oy.oten. A ).!IIJ"r:!!"".t 1"'-'11- M:e.ot onf! MII)tor'lbmtJ1lS (!'IdIIDJ.
13 ID.Jlr UWlt dllJo" A 1Uy:ln "".- U:e tU1Jy
'!!-..,
:!!IA1IJI ".....tIs II l1monu...loo. T"""" Far t:k
"'~
"r~ mnY"Jo"lesn SAID!" o.tI). tll",:ru.pl:J:tn 1tDt"".... rmIUpk allleB1a:.:I1Y" I' w:ctUm bJ
U:e tIIJy D1..mIiih U:e IlrermpUnn "".!I"L Bl:IJlIlkmIly. BgIs:/m!11\!!; n do:IJ)'
~-
SAID! 8:"""""11110 T""""
"'" dIIys oo._b """'RY """I1om.y ""'"""" ~'CO11tDt1lIJ1I1;aI1y
""~
(ma.. as
"""""""'fSIaI!t). A~ 11,.1 """""un 1mJ""".....1t BgIs llmLd be ~I maJpm. -. "'JXIlE"!.
:!1;)
:WIDI111Z1tuylnlm:mphom A 01 10 tJ.lErnIJ1IIDs 11""I:re!bot In """IUBO""'"
FI:Ir ""mIJ1B" 1-"'11 QIJmI1'~r ar~nfJm'IIDDI ("'""" DJ""RIIm. bill1\!!; m open:rnnn- by II:Ime)1tDt:11ImmW:lly IIbomfpb
~ '
10 me or. IU!:le tmIxJ"",.. :Is ""DJ1J!!4 ..110" I11CXIIeI1buy u",,"JIfIOII!'.
:13 IDDillUI'lJ.J:yl1lmnupllnn _nit AI ~Im at Iim"JIcd. b'J U:e pwInd. ""JPlmdl:n '"""""""""'lmbym~l1l1J!:ao.l""-
;:(-::
';:':::f~~=
=' ~~~-::::~:;;=~::~ ~; ~:=.
"""""""."..,........"!boooo,.,,.
&,q,
.........a-a.... b.hh(mdia:5..m "'11uofim'
~). -"'........,.,.
~.un......,.,;a...d '"'"""""""'my i~
""""",
3.lii "ntmeP (l3k'b:kp......r "",ImlI :c.Th.. ,,- Dr I aompaMlt
-..
Ii:ls..,t
-.",." '"
p""1Jum lb;:"-:fuu!Uu1 t(...w Irm......oem: 111Jett1y """",Iab:d ...10. --1"""",,-.NDrE-
(L) ib,,""'!!O...y "-J
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~ od""""""'Ia..--... ~""")""""""n~
(Z) nil iIrii......__-...n...n......a ii.aw"'&"I'Pli""""aBa-.~..owJy'"
~""""""'"
3.17 jillIDDodJ:I,-ho:n1ji:bUI, A I.... cr"wtrt"P"""" lItot """'-1__0 0 mmJ"O'1"'d: II d"~ '1Jb9: outur...".,IGeIll:..._led 11""', nSlitll'J:roc l1e puJXlll'" or mu!nJa1lm. (lTflimtnl..... nulntmm""" or. nqmr.
ro!IrE-
(L) nil,m"". &"s,'~"" IW ~"",-~...a -"""!OPytD~
~..
~ Tbo~""U" ~3f., ~~...u.b.o ",",p'Iocaod.m-~...ii"'-'-\7"" .. .. ;;,u-..11:"* ..
~ '
.. .w.. & ;."",.p;-. tho -..,w.. ..
'"'
iuum1"'- tho
-..,..... .. ...~-.-~..,.
J:UmIId~ 'De or UlOOIJ"II1ID-I:'A1om Ii:lsDOt'""liJlib'll! '" por,J:zn 110 iI- '" ... p Iawoj, ""'In! dn:rtIy
--
1l111: i:1JII1P"O"filc
19npnrllue;:",lriod' Tho I:'me p:tIDl1 fmn I11!eItI1prmI dlllla:ls 101 be Iml- :11 1O1IaIri11:y l"lm
""1e"I.bI::mm. 1::1Je II1.d md _1D.i! t:m9 I_be
-y
Inllmlod. AILe..n!!; ItDtboBl1 'WII-
U:e :tJ.d!cmil- pmnd. Oanu be ii_. ill .-.uuII_t~ J.II9'i!lI """"11 re -...oil .....,.,
U:e pwft!""""" Df 111- dl.rtrt.b'ltIn. "!(&tmU (l.yJiJcDIIy """ "'kD1...:JII'U') ID" "ft(bn mm~ -""",nIDIII::e nr a slDS'" dls1rDuUm "'..". 101
....-
J'l!rtDo1 or '!In",. Tlf! ""!'octIle pertN. :Is
....-......:I 10 be """Y"'U'n""""'_sllJed.
3.20 "hip _hmllnn: A pm..... !If reIIl1:Jm,g ~tetI InVl1l!lb:eIJIl :fmm - ~IDSIn I:MH 1!rJE.
3& """iIlUdllborn.jiI:hDt' JaJy "I1IenIp!lm _"_DeJ1I11"'put nr..:m:rt1'1!!'lmry ""....t. TtalIJ, ""Y
:"""""(I1Ion 1u!tlll!Js I1I:tJmOftIn:! mtwla
3.22 -tlb. nnmbn:' nr msIn-m1D1 l.......dlTbc """"'8" ITIltitJeI: ot" cmlnme:n """""'- dmfn8; fir: :re:pm!tIIa:
J.II9'i!d (;f.. dll'fi!nntrcrwlim""lnl1l1Jo '-11:111111: ""oleuJo/- "'_11" rr:poIt.
3.23 1,1JilADmd Jula:rlpllim .An tJ.Iurupllm1,.,.,..11 by m nuplJ!nl:led. D111B".
Co!!,"""'" """" 1"""'-.oJ "J!h-
-.-.
Page 25 of 30
""'"...,.....""""
4. Reliability indices
""""&UIJ~ """""'-""'T1OI"""""'~IlO..mIlUl1C1\t ...""",urY'OoCO1!e5
1 80s;GfaGln...
"llJ!R!- ~atn opemrJ tte _:1_10110 mmlJk!1I1I!:n-.
r;,
11101010& '" tnl:nupt'lon """"I
TIm:! :IOre- Jrmmpt'JO:lEomt
CM:I
JM,
!I\
N""
N.r
1-;
CN1.'
~ -
T..."
C1mDmm 1'1mrr1IJ'I!!d
CUllmwr:MInIIB In\m1pl:i1
JbmI5
"Jk:tDl
N:Jm bot" a r !dmre'1br:f :tJIlemtrtlms
N_arM'qlIl.U!iry~ttmE-
N1mbor- a ~Ied
~..
ftc 8I6tIIIord, IDlernljrtt;! n eM:nt dmlqj.1I1I!
11qll1(1I1g Per!mN_ar~ Cn1IDmimI:IOrIO!Ulll ~:r:lIln1FI1mL......1 IIIm.!J-
1II!pKUq:a.rtm
"Jk:tD1Nullt!er'IIfCu__ftc_-
cnme- k'tALnUl :tIm:nIpID1fnr""""-JItnrru:Jfim R....m:
Tcta1--1:VA lJ:JniI s.m.-ed
T_INlI~ IIf c..t:men....1Ii:i 1m" mq:mt- II S .-tm11ntmupllan iiIIrtItg I'"1II!pKUqPerlJ:d
~IN_1If cut.......,-"m ImmIDI~ IIUiJJ! 11.... 8 _e1~
iIIJ! MocI1iottmy:l.IllnnpllIIl.!t"I!onIs IIlttIJi - ~):'I:IE
N:Jm- aI'TIlem:"U"". E~ b'j IaImMdlal ~n'r"'RiepOtI'l18-
2 Ii uslain..d inletrru ption ;nd i.....
I'JiIiIjErO!1'l\tJtdBj :I1tuIII!-lImtb;(il nlw.
1 BystDm 0"""'08 In1laITUpIIDn fnlqUl:,""Y IR- (BIll FI)
DI! """,rem "wmtI'! IDkrnplloo rreql"""Y _IMJ- )mo nfIm 1m '""""'f!,I! awI1m.r~ I-ned 'allompltm"""" n(U'il"-l\neil pmod IIfllm!. _1IIy,,1I1!51s.!J!ten u.~ (1).
~"""""""~"
""'fiJD-
Page 26 of 30
..... """'" """ "Le""""" """..... """"'aJTlQO' """""UTY NJO:.".
,...,.....""...,."""
3 La"d b"....d indiC21'"
4.3.1 .womB" "",tom Intorruptlon '""'1uoney IndDx lABIA)
T'l. imlmlirlm of
- ~ "'-
1ID:Jom 131m:- 11m.
~ -
t1 ASIPI Js RIImtnl1's UI!oO1In""'u...., dlstJlJIIItm :por!nrlmm! In ...... 11111 ....... 11!ttIYdy !\!10
...-
'lll'flns
"",-.,.
I:r'J!!"lmIGD_rrn or km, Jrnlilntnmllj' Ind1!l:lWIamll1OTDD1 ...Ittmm;.
~,
i1 . ")'5191 w'iliIn"""!!""",,, Iood dutIllntl""" ASIl'I ...""111 'be fie """'" ... SAI71. MItbof..,liully,1'lIJ II !I'o"el. Xl
J1qwJlrrJ (J:5).
I TbI1iI !:"'"'""'ted IoN AorLmilnloTrlpl!!dA.!IIFJ - TcmJ =1"""eIIItYA (15)
'Ib """"'Iidetbe 'no..... ue!!:qlD.'Jm (10).
II'A.!IIFJ- (Iii)
4.3.2 .womgDsyslllm Inblrruptlon dul1lllcn Ind- !AB ClJ
n._nor-aIJ tn.:IeiJtls- rotDlld,-11m.wI_--:III""IUJ((
~y
me
"-
Xl 11.a A.!IlTldcIWIJm In 43.1. -1y, _II!!JItm In BqI1ll1m (11).
A!irDr - I C'IuIIe:tmI kVA J:.JIuB:mJ ofUlId l1!EtInJm1
TnbI C'IuIIe:tmI );VA S........:l (17)
TO mmlmtbe _"I""Rq- (1H).
A!irDI - PII)
404 Oiher i neli""", (mD"",ntaryJ
4.4.1 M.........mry ".""'9'" Inborruptlon -rnaquDn"llndn I.MAJF~
nu In:llim!s '(Ie """""t. tmql""'Y of tmnnpbm1s.
~,
1l!s :It pin In
BqwJlm (11/).
I TotIJNambf:t or!:.-..... Mtmontuy =pIIJmsM.AIJIJ - NnuDl3"lIf c.S1mIeB: !iB'1Ia:I pI/)
To tW:ulmtbe -. ueRq- (20).
II~NIIOiIMAJ1!I -
pIli
c.J!irid't""""""""""~-""'.
Page 27 of 30
.....,...."",.....""
.....,=oDe """"'-""'!mJ""""""'..CI5TIUIUTltW "".......ury",""c.."
4.4.2 Manon"'!')' """""gg IntwrupUm..........,-t lTo""",n")' Indu tMAIA~
1111 Iud.... 1IrIJ_1ho """"'!!J'1I1oI"""'! ormmusrtuy IttemIpfim e\"u,. .- nl1oxdn9 lmJu:Io:
UIe .-!II :inme prelJOdJIg .. Ji:JdcrJcI. ~tU!~, IIW :Is JII'f m tt EquOm (21).
MtiI:lQ - IJ1:JID.:t.---nr~Mollr1!Dy~m-Ii! TIzUlNIm""" nrcmltmm S1eMed (21)
To mmlDe1lE .....:E:qu!fim (22)
U'HU IIM,E"'i'".t (22)
"U C1.JsID......... uporloncing muUplo surrta hod In1iorrupUcn and m!:JFT1Ol'1tDry IniJaTupUm...."nbI (CEM91I1
111. 1I","",1I1I1e mID orln!l1.'l:lml amme:. ""pu1~DJJ'" tum 1 afbtttb i1RDnpIImJ m1ar.mmtoy ~11m """""" In n.. b:lbJ 1:IlJtIm:Em ltsFUJDl" 11: ID ~ .-my ......lame:r Um!-c""ollx! DlWI\'e!1 by min,B """"'2J"S. :MJ.I!1imIll:miUJ', 01.11: 8M1t IsIDtmll:ln (ll).
CeM!IUI - TltblNlm!J.""tCcmtnl1..~:IDIpe;(eJ11DSM'n1'l"TlmI olltJ!m'lrI'JJns
TabDlllmlJO!TCCClHlmnl!..SI!I:\'I!iI,(23)
TO CII",lu.-rbe :llIm .....I!:IpJ!bm (24).
CIM!1I'11t,. - CNJ" (I" ",1 (24)
:5 Mojo, ....ant dayol.",.ifiaation
D1! fbllmfllfl pm""'" ('Boa MW1ao1') ..-.....1 10 laolWY :l.!BDs.lbrp"'p"'" 1110 IIlliTN napr_1n Ix!allIllid :fmm ttU,! WIi! jo Ute pnu""'J in bel!o, """11_. :n d1l.Iy 111111
be:wlden by De .m..1: 1\t mJjrr ......,IS. T- "!'Pan"" prm.1irU mJjor......... dEtlWtlnu ("'" A-...... A fbr JUfltJIlDCIS). 11i1T IOOR! 1!d1IImI debJ:l an d- ar UJe
melbJd:UIgy _101 Anl""n.
AmJja,.......I~ """"'yID_'1m tlJl!lytyJtm1S=-...._DJdnlm. T"""", '!'b!!SMDlIs
-...
tl1! buls nr1his ikft1111D1 .1n1:oc II 1m1. In aau-.J: ",,"lb nr nllIIIy""" m12AJDIIJ. IDi1GIltrnr~WIi! d3tgt-:i!MoII ~1l_trX ....m b:I~1m napr...-.m: /byis,oD 'n"""'" wwlll "" .""'-'bIed as_Ill nr'IUldenfIIII:d 1D,y:;.
11 mkrlhJfIns dllly~. a=, u,y :ImmIp!1n1111111"(Um I11III:1.JIe it9' III """""'" 10 /II! ~ 00
...-
UIe 1I1mujtlm.'
UemlJ"""""ItdJY I:Im1tn""bJn'll~IIld,_u;. T-.,.,III 011"'_111:111:"'" ..r-n"'l'a-r\tq!:J!"J\tU
(l)wallly Wl!yeuj !Dr..... OOTm,g Ute 1tt'It1t!pXll1fl pmoa '" 011-
"' '" '" "'" e . .. "'Etb
--.
Page 28 of 30
.... '
1-"""'"""""GU:I~ ,"""",",-""""..."""""...,,,a".....,UTlDN """"""UTYINCI""'"
erA"". ~.;J:r""""J-'('U""""J"(n!I"""i!",,~::,",,!.j.'l1"""'Omj.j.~""""""""'L~D""""J ........- (012)
CiUIIJ.
-"""""""'-
;o";;"""""""":tXI . 1;'"(33)
-"'h.t- """" """"""""20'3...",.",nJ+ Ja3"""""""""""" "",,"""-' '-""""'..",,,
""""""""""""'"
-0-DID""""'"
(014)
"""'" -
""""'"1m"""""""0"..
""",,..-
- ..12 (35')
.uum - l.JIOO"IU".I"D"""..nz!"'~""'m;;:)'~"="1"';;IJ"""1ID/""'JD:IJOOO""""""'"
--....
(3G)
crAJDr. C'.I'\lFl; Cl!MJ., IDII cBUSlilr- ""'JUre ,u,tslJiild. Dl:i!EnIpt1m. :nflIJml1loo. n:.- eu:I1lD11:C1mar. 'T)eWi- """"Id. 1IJo
.....-
I'I:!T Ill! cwInn..., MiD 111""" ItJi:XJe 111m "
~"'"
1118: IlISt,
1n!JiOf ill.. ft", mttw...s. AlMa"", " B "1n&J!" 1n be 5'. In
~ ,
s, ",""",,8: WIllis, .1. ""'J!I"'k!- .........
Utl9np1fOm n III"~ IW1 11 IS plaB.'J'!ioi III!tt "utmlo!B II1ID
"'~
I11iIm n... Ii",ulanplfOm, bctIJ mom.oulwy IDllI!UStIIutd.
Tar 1110 """"Ii'" wowmr! 1itttI""8....:lJ.. "r35D nu CN(I:"""'!DId 7ID er... =(t::- ,,). TIe n""I",~. u:f~dfnJlre DJW!tallnu 11 eJ-.lo 7a1J1e & ruiI to ".1","- MAlPil UJd MAIm.... """'....., Iben- CCmsll:mOft tb_1IJ11 ur-
"'-
equw 7,ID. U"", nUIlb:r.s .....!tld. be...""", u.. ",Ill~1.
c~ -i!.ITIi (017)
:!!&\lit - ""'2IlOO -t- 12 "'7~D -. JU (3B)
j,.2OOI) t-J/iOi 73:1JI.'lMFlJ.IF - 2.I:JW - 1'.25 (39)
lJIi:M!iM!s ~ ~ !lJi1S (411)
IJs1ns- m..."""..pkl ~4lJJ'./I_p _n,,1DI!ftQd..Q1"BY m/l "I!JlI""I"l.. tn cblalntlf! dmlbmJ Ibe
'nf1lt1WlltJn "'1'"191$ IU1i1 UIJIJIjj; 11 b _I"" '1!Je 'I1t111!\:!S.
3 Exampl....
u.. II:JtImiolDgnb- _tom """""I'U;: bl=u~m/lm.,. ttIrnW Ibe........ or ""am.pes.
5.9.'\ MCJIT1I:IMtary InborTUpUcn IaDImpla
To be!m:ilIut.- ..." """""1'8 cCertnm!llil:y UJd..- _uul'l'1ol1llDll- roula:r P.l8'"" I ruilErq- 4'1 Ei.- 42, rod Ei._o 41o.:!IJ.!\UD: 'I J:!-""""- at n anwt Q!o J, a '" dD!IzI: (IL J, IDII a naItJ:W" (8).
""P!i"Itt""""'" """.""'ns---..
Page 29 of 30
.,.., ""-'DO,..,.. ~....""'""...,..".,. DB"n'I""""""" ""'U""Ll""'I'~r.....
""""""',"""'"""""
No In""""'"",
lEI 1DOO a.oIIm.....151 Ctmlorrlonl;:i!9J cuot"""""
FIgura 1_""""" -lII)'mam 2
Tar 1IJjJ; """""""1m anoIIIIm3 ""JU1/!""" " :mrnmIIJy D.IID1qJI1m. IUId ZID amllm.t'm
~ SlImmed InIomlpIIoo. c."'iI.ImW1nJ.I - SAlVI, MAlJ!"1,. ID:1 MAl!;1E 00
"-
bull; ..,
In IIqI1ll1lDW 41--4'" boImo. fiN: Ilti:!D11DimInr af!o!l:AJPt Is malilpTrd by:l. 'ttim:u:w IIti:!tert",.,.,_:t lwo 51DII"JIoonm.'r, I!dAII1T1! 11 mUi:'4'lI.a by 1 bea...... 'II: "R!Y GDUID 1110 fttd: lIula~
mcmrobly .....,11; aowmo:l.
&iIo.W1 ,a -a 0.121 PH)
\fArm - - 0.(42)
\fAIR1E - - 031j (41)
5.3.2 ,ShIp rusb:mltlon '."'111""'OS
TIe fu11o"'ir9: ""'" l11u_ll~!dI!p ......- J"D"'II'". A
--
"""""'8 tOW """""""" ""J'fS'1onaeo
..-
InIfJnpttoo. M111I.IJiE re!b:mt)an Ik\PS ore ""'l- 1D "'""" Enlre.,n 111,,- TObie 1
- -
af....a ~p, n.:1=1dpllm. nail ....tnun :ll.UnupIUIU mll_Il'!f
"""""
In n lime Jmio I!!:mm.
Tab'" 7- ED "'" 1111 1I:r"
-- -
nrtn 9 11i1JD austa:Jmu's '" IIh suslm 1 n lid 'n1II nu pi: 10
1Wofi....
"...,
...,11
111-
Dnnfpn..'-~-....,a.---....:I.....""'-..f-
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..-...a.""".al"""QI~
~ '7:.k':.r::....~
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Page 30 of 30