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Investigating Energy Efficiency
In Your School
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Course Developed by
Idaho Power
Customer Re’ations
And Energy Efficiency
1221 W.Idaho St.
Boise,ID
and
83702
Sawtooth Technical Services
916 W.Storey Ave.
Meridian,ID 83646
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2009
NT ODUCTION .1
daho Power Company’s
Students for Energy Efficiency Program 1
Tarceted Educational Standards 1
PRESENTATION FORMAT 1
Major Concept:Waste of Energy Resources 3
ESI Ecuipment 3
ES!Report 4
BUILDING ENVELOPE 7
Potential for Savgs 8
Usage Data 8
Analyzing the Billing History Data 9
PeEk Loads 10
How to Read Your Scnool’s Natural Gas Bill 10
PLUG AND PHANTOM LOADS 11
Plug Load 11
phantom Plug .oed and Red Lights 11
BASICCALCULATIONS 13
Measured Watts 13
Measured Amps,SinglePhase 13
Measured Amps,ThreePhase 13
ESI Tool Kit 13
LIGHTING BASICS 15
How do we measure Ic?15
How much light do we jant 16
A closer cok at lamps 16
Where do we get e light7 17
What is the amp pover7 18
Hovi long co aps es:18
How are lamps numbered?18
What ae amp coors7 18
What are the stanpard lamp types?19
LAMPTYPES 21
-CEN’ME 21
•How does an anect amp work?21
•How efficient are they’.21
•How long do they last7 22
•How are incandescent lamps for color7 22
Are there any other incandescent lamps’22
I
.23
•How do fluorescent ams work.23
•How are fluorescent amps 23
•How long are fluorescent amps’24
•What are compact fL.orescent 1amps’24
•What are the latest changes’24
•What colors of ht will fcrescent amos put out?...24
•What o baHasts do’24
-26
MERCU 26
METAL 27
HIGH-PRESSUR SC’27
LOW-PRESSURL 28
28
LIGHT FIXTURES 31
What is the proper placement of fixtures’
LIGHTING ENERGY MANAGEMENT
What are the simplest steps
for managing lighting energy’31
Where do we find detaiI informatior7 31
THE LIGHTING SURVEY 31
Are there any saety Qflerfl5 32
Where can get more rcrmation
about ene’gv n agenent for schools
arc other buildings’33
APPENDIX 35
Defnitions 35
Defniton Sources 37
Conversion Factors 38
Compact FIuoescent Repacement
for Exc:ng Incandescent camps 39
Energy Cost Comparisons 40
Nature Gas Quality Analysis 41
Simple,Sure Energ Savers 42
Program Funding 0
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Introduction
Idaho Power Company’s Students for Energy Efficiency Program
Idaho Power is offering the Students for Energy Efficiency program to Idaho schools in an effort to educate
students about energy as it relates to school buildings.The program works in cooperation with the Idaho Office
of Energy Resources as well as local school boards.This hands-on learning lab will allow your students to build
up their knowledge of energy while giving them a practical application to recommend real-life energy efficiency
improvements.Please see the Appendix for additional information.
Targeted Educational Standards
This training addresses the following topics:
•What is Energy?
•How is Energy Used?
•How is Energy Measured?
•How can Energy be Used More Efficiently?
These four topics reinforce Idaho Department of Education Content Standards for Science.
Presentation Format
This high school has a problem.And it not only affects the high school students,faculty and administration,
_but the surrounding communities as well.In fact,it’s more than just a problem,it’s a crime.That is the only(Jiay I know how to describe the events continually occurring in the classrooms,auditorium,gymnasium and
hallways of your high school.
Do you know what I am referring to?Are you aware of what’s going on while you attend classes and eat your
lunch?
Take some comments
The crime is the waste of valuable energy resources used in this school.
Let’s review:
What energy resources are being used in your school?
Take some comments
What benefits does energy provide to your school?
Take some comments
How is the energy transported to your school?
(JTake some comments
1
Electricity
Natural Gas (substitute propane,fuel oil,biomass,as appropriate)
How do we know how much energy is used by the school?
Take some comments
How would you measure the amount of energy used?
Take some comments
And finally:How do we determine how the energy could be used more efficiently?
Take some comments
Energy Scene Investigation
The school assessment you are about to perform is really an Energy Scene Investigation,or ESI.Just like the
Crime Scene Investigation (CS!)units featured in television programs,you will conduct an investigation of
where energy is being wasted in your school,using appropriate equipment and techniques,and report your
findings to school administration.
Let’s step back for a moment and ask:“Why do we care about the efficient use of energy at your high school?”0
Some possible answers:comfort,safety,ability to get work done,costs to school district,costs to residents of
the surrounding communities and the state,ensuring adequate energy supplies will be available forfuture
students,costs forfuture delivery,environmental and social implications (transmission lines,dam breaching,
future appearance of wind turbines on the landscape,competition with other entities for available energy
resources,...)
So,let’s get back to this place you call your high school.How do we determine the nature and extent of the
energy being wasted?
0
2
JVlajor Concept:Waste of Energy ResourcesCnergyWastedcanbeconsideredEnergyStolenfrom the people who paid for that energy.
What tools and techniques would you use to measure the amount of energy wasted at the school?
Take some comments
What do you do with the information once you have completed your investigation?In other words,to whomdoyoudirectyourfindings?
Take some comments
Let’s face it,your time is valuable.If you’re going to spend time and resources performing the Energy SceneInvestigation(ESI),you better make sure there is value derived from your efforts.
In law enforcement,there are divisions which specialize in certain crimes:felonies,arson,violence,etc.Similarly in your school,there are specific areas you can focus your investigative efforts on to determine thenatureandextentoftheenergybeingwasted.
•Building Envelope
•Usage Data
•Plug and Phantom Load
•Lighting
These will be the specific focal areas of your ESI efforts.
ESI Equipment
What are some of the tools used by CSl investigators?
Take some comments
Equipment,gloves,coveralls,bags,microscopes,gas chromatography,special forensic equipment
3
Your school assessment will require the use of these specialized tools:
•Light Level Meters
•Magnetic/Electronic Ballast Detector
•Kill-A-Watt Meter
•Room Occupancy/Light Sensor
•Room Occupancy/Temperature Sensor
•Power Strip
•Tape Measure
•Cell Phone Camera
ESI Report
Law enforcement officials prepare and present their case in a court of law.In our investigation,you’ll have an
opportunity to report your findings to your fellow students,faculty,administration,and other members of
your community.In your case,the judge and jury will be the school administration.Idaho Power will assist you
and your school administration in determining what can be done to reduce the continued waste of valuable
energy resources.
Preventing the Future Waste of Energy
What are some of the ways to prevent the future waste of energy at your school?
•Education/Behavior Change:Teaching students,faculty and staff to change their behaviors
•Replacement Technologies:Installation of more efficient lights,ballasts and thermostats
Installation of occupancy sensors
Changing the color of the school roof
•Others?
Take some comments
Removal/Correction:Delamping,unplugging items that constantly use
energy,adjusting thermostats
Others?
Take some comments
0
4
,—-inancial Resources Available to Your School
•Idaho Power Easy Upgrades and Custom Efficiency incentive programs
o These are proven,popularfinancial incentive programs that assist in funding the replacementandinstallationofequipmentresultinginimprovedenergyefficiencies.
•American Reinvestment and Recovery Act funding through the Office of Energy Resources
o Thisfederal money is being made available to assist schools throughout Idaho in reducingenergyusageandoperatingcosts.
•School Budgets
o In some cases your school can use existing funds to promote energy efficiency that shows aReturnonInvestment(ROl)within a single budget cycle or year.
5
BUILDING ENVELOPE
he Building Envelope is the building shell exposed to the “outdoors.”
•Provides dry and clean space,safety and comfort.
•Outer elements of building are the exterior doors,walls,windows,roof and floor/foundation.They are
barriers to moisture,wind,dust,heat,solar gain and light.
•Roof types are built up,membrane,shingles and metal.
•Walls are concrete,masonry and frame.
•Floors are slab-on-grade,frame-over-basement or crawl space.
•Insulation is rated in R-value and U-value.
•Windows—greenhouse effect,types of glass,frames,films,coatings,fixed and operable.
•Window treatment—drapes,blinds.
•Window shading with landscaping,shades,awnings.
•Infiltration through cracks,windows and doors,walls,roofs,stack effect,pressurization.
4”Comfort,health and safety must never be compromised.These are the reasons we have buildings.
7
Potential for Savings
All Electric Junior High with Heat Pumps
Savings of $35,000lyr With Trained Custodian
__________________
200
Attitude and skill can save tremendous amounts.This graph shows a school where one man made a difference
of $30,000 annually.
Setback/Setup is one of the easiest and most cost-effective improvements.However,be careful with extreme
weather conditions.
Usage Data
Your school’s energy providers compile usage data that is available to customers upon request.Your principal
and teacher have already requested and obtained usage data from your high school’s utility providers,
including Idaho Power.Analyzing this data will
reveal lots about the amount of energy being used
and help you determine where and when it is being
wasted.
Utilities use meters to monitor the amount of
electricity,gas and water being used,and so can
you.If you want daily usage,or even time of day
usage,the meter can be read daily or several times
a day.Be sure that the meter you are reading is
serving the area you are studying,as each school
facility likely has several different meters serving
parking lot lighting,irrigation pumps,and new
buildings.
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8
Analyzing the Billing History Data
)here are two types of meter history:1)Monthly billing data;and 2)Demand data from a digital meter,givingenergydemandevery15minutes,which can be translated to energy usage.
Monthly data is available from either your accounting department or from the utility company.(This is theinformationyourteacherpreviouslyrequestedfromIdahoPowerandyourfuelandwaterutilities.)Thisdatacanbeevaluatedoveranyperiodoftime:annually,monthly,daily,even hourly.
It needs to be entered in a spread sheet to analyze and evaluate potential.We can look at seasonal changes,peak demand and evaluate the annual usage compared to similar facilities.
Demand data is very extensive,with over 35,000 data points annually.It can be evaluated with two analyses.First is to find the peak demand from the monthly bills and then determine where in the 15-minute readings itfallsandwhythepeakwasset.Often times this peak is first thing in the morning when all systems arerecoveringfromsetback,or if there has been a power outage,the peak is often the next reading.Microsoft’sExcelprogramcanbeaveryusefultoolwiththesesearches.
Junior High wiHeat Pumps
100
The second analysis is to determine what a typical day looks like andwhy.This can be done by averaging several weeks worth ofinformationatatimethatwillberepresentativeof“normal”activities.This data might be broken down into a typical week day and a typicalweekend.An example of this is shown in the Junior High w/HeatPumpsgraph.
Note:Baseload is the energy being used when the building is empty.Too often,items are left turned on that can easily be turned off atnight,reducing the baseload.Another area of energy usage is theroutinemorningstart-up of HVAC systems,lights,etc.Check the datatodetermineifmorningstart-up occurs too early or if the settings are
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unreasonably high.Keep in mind that different schools will have different profiles.Elementary schools seldom
have activities that go late in the evening but high schools have many sports,concerts and dances that run
into the evening.However,these activities don’t utilize the entire school so most of the school can be shut
down.
Peak Loads
As mentioned above,morning start-up activities often result in the peak demand load for the building,but
there can be other items that will cause the energy demand to spike.The kilns in the photo are a good
example.Other items might be the kitchen staff starting to bake in the ovens when the school heating or
cooling system is bringing the facility into the comfort range.
How to find the Peak Load Causes
From the billing data that is available,it might be possible to find what time of the day the peaks occur.Then it
will take some detective work to find the source of all of the loads that come together at that time.
What is “demand”?
Demand is how fast electricity is being used.It is not instantaneous;but rather is averaged over a 15-minute
window that is then compared to the previous high seen so far that month.Then the next 15 minutes are
averaged and compared again.When a new high average is found,that becomes the peak for that month.At
the end of the month,the high average has been recorded and is then used to calculate the appropriate
demand charges for that billing period.Note that instantaneous peaks do not greatly affect the demand since
they occur for only a few cycles and are then averaged along with the other 54,000 cycles.
How to Read Your School’s Natural Gas Bill CD
Natural gas utilities record usage in BTUs and therms.
British Thermal Unit (BTU)—The amount of heat required to raise one pound of water by one degree
Fahrenheit.The higher the BTU rating,the more heating capacity of the equipment.
Therm—The equivalent of 100,000 BTUs of energy.
Gas meters seldom have time of day,demand or other special bits of information.They will read in cubic feet
of gas metered to your school and this will be changed to therms,or in other words,energy for which the
school is billed.Other items on the bill will refer to the transportation charges,taxes,etc.but the number we
will use is the energy consumed,or therms,for the month.
0
10
PLUG AND PHANTOM LOADS
Plug Load
This is made up of the many appliances we have plugged into the wall.Often,only a few are turned on at anyonetimeandsotheyarenotalldrawingelectricityatthesametime.The major problem with theseappliancescomeswhentheyareturnedonbutnotused.
Phantom Plug Load and Red Lights
Much of our electronic equipment stays on
but hopefully has a sleep mode that
reduces the actual electricity it consumes
while it is waiting for us to wake it up.
Every time we have the equipment set up
so it has “instant”start,it is always on.This
is sometimes referred to as phantom load
and refers to the load the equipment
continues to draw even though it is turned
____________
off.One way to reduce phantom load is to
plug several devices into a power strip
which is switched off at the end of the day.This simple step turns out all of those little red lights and reducesthetheftofvaluableenergyresources.
Baseload is made up of the refrigerator,freezer,emergency lights,fans,heaters and everything that has to beoneventhoughnooneisinthebuilding.Many of these appliances are essential and must remain available.owever,energy can be conserved by identifying and turning off those appliances that do not need to beturnedonwhennooneisinthebuilding.
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11
BASIC CALCULATIONS
Measured Watts
Assume we measured a refrigerator load at 400 watts and estimated it runs about 15 minutes out of everyhour.Since it is inside the building,outdoor temperatures do not affect the refrigerator operation so theoperatinghoursareconsistent.
a.Convert 400 watts to kW:400 watts /1000 Watts per kiloWatt =0.4 kW
b.A year has 8,760 hours in it,so the hours the refrigerator runs is:
8,760 hrs/yr x 0.25 =2,190 hrs/yr (where .25 =15 minutes of an hour)
Energy used per year is:(2,190 hrs /yr)x 0.4 kW =876 kWh /yr
c.Cost per year at $0.06 per kWh:(876 kWh /yr)x $0.06 /kWh =$52.56 /yr
Measured Amps,Single-Phase
We measure the load on the refrigerator in amps to be 3.63 Amps from the hot leg to ground.
a.Convert amps to watts:volts x amps =watts
110 volts x 3.63 amps =400 watts
,,--NMeasured Amps,Three-Phase
)ssume we measure the load on a three-phase motor to be 11 amps,11.5 amps and 12 amps.
a.Average the Amps measured on the three phases:
(11 +11.5 +12 amps)/3 =11.5 amps
b.Convert Amps to Watts:
11.5 amps x 1.732 x 240 volts =4,780 watts
ESI Tool Kit
Idaho Power is providing you with the tools needed to conduct energy assessments of your school buildings.
•Light Meter •Occupancy/Temperature sensor (Please return to IPC)•Magnetic/Electronic Ballast Detector •Occupancy/light sensor (Please return to IPC)•Kill-A-Watt Meter •Tape measure
•Power Strip •Camera—Yours
13
LIGHTING BASICS
c)Jisible light,the light we can see,is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The electric magnetic spectrum includes all energy from gamma rays to radio waves.
In addition,white visible light is a combination of the colors of the rainbow.The heat
portion of the spectrum is infrared;the damaging portion is ultra violet.
How do we measure light?
measure light,we need a light meter.The units the lighting industry uses is “foot candles.”A
,Joot candle measures the intensity of light falling on a surface.It was originally defined with
reference to a standardized candle burning at one foot from a given surface
1 foot candle =1 lumen per square foot.
Note that if the light is one foot from the surface and receives one lumen per square foot and
then we move one foot farther away,that same single lumen is then diluted over four square
feet,which means we now receive only 3/4 lumen per square foot.When we double the distance,
we dilute the light by four times,which shows that the distance from the fixture is critical.
Note:Be careful with the light meter and keep it out of direct sunlight;do not
drop it or let it get too hot.
Steps for measuring light:
1.Measure the light on the working surface (desk,table,gym floor).
2.Take several readings being careful not to influence the readings with your
body (standing too close to the meter.)
3.Average the readings together.
4.To prevent natural light from interfering with the measurement of
artificial light,close window blinds or take the reading at night.
15
How much light do we want?
The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)has developed the standards that are used throughout much of the
world,including the United States.They suggest the following measurements.
.Offices
.Class rooms
•Conference rooms
•Hall ways
•Service and repairs
30—50 foot candles
30—50 foot candles
30—50 foot candles
10—20 foot candles
10—100 foot candles
These standards are always changing according to technology and the needs of the customer.The IES
handbook is several hundred pages long and includes the standards for nearly every conceivable space,
including airports,cafeterias,kitchens,hotels,police stations and sports stadiums.It can be obtained from
http://lES.com.
In addition,the amount of light needed depends on several other factors including age of the customer,how
long the task takes,surroundings and safety.
A closer look at lamps
To the average homeowner,a lamp is a piece of furniture with a bulb.To a lighting professional,a lamp i5 any
device used to produce artificial light.
How much light do we get from a lamp (light bulb)?
That depends on what kind of lamp we have.The unit we use to measure light from a lamp is called “Lumens”
and nearly all lamp packages tell you how many lumens it produces.
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Sodium
Where do we get the light?
The standard we use is daylight and the unit of measurement is called “color rendering index.”If the colorrenderingindex(CR1)is 100,it is as close to daylight as we can get and we consider it ideal for common
functions.Most incandescent lamps have a CR1 of 100.Other artificial light sources are usually less.
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17
What is the lamp power?
Lamp power is measured in watts,and this,too,is always shown on the ()
lamp package.
This brings us to another term called “Efficacy”which is defined as
lumens per watt.
Lumens
Efficacy =Watts
How long do lamps last?
Standard lamp life is a function of the lamp type.A rating of expected lamp life has been developed based
upon a rigorous testing protocol.For example,most fluorescent lamps are rated at 20,000 hours,which means
that at the end of 20,000 hours of on-time,(about 2 1/2 years),half of the
lamps had failed.
How are lamps numbered?
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)has standardized how
lamps are numbered,and it uses lamp size,type base size and source to
classify and name the various lamps.
What are lamp colors?
In the past,lamp colors were identified as “cool”or “warm”but more
recently,the temperature scale of Kelvin degrees (K)is becoming the
standard.Warm corresponds to 3000°K and cool corresponds to 6500°K.
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18
/Vhat are the standard lamp types?
he common types are a)incandescent;b)fluorescent;c)mercury vapor;d)metal halide;e)high-pressure
sodium;and f)low-pressure sodium.Each comes in a wide variety of sizes,types and wattages for various
uses.
What changes have been made recently?
Mercury vapor lamps were developed in the early 1900s and were the first “energy-efficient”type available.
Metal halide and high-pressure sodium came next in the 1960s and are replacing mercury vapor.In the(luorescent category,energy efficient ballasts were developed in the 1970s;T8 and T9s with the electronic
ballast were then developed in the 1980s.
T8s displaced the T9s and became the standard.Now T5s and LEDs are becoming more common.However,
the T-8 is now the most efficient light source used in standard situations.
19
How does an
incandescent lamp
work?
Electricity is sent
through the filament
causing it to heat white
hot,which makes it very
bright.The gas inside
the bulb along with the
filament material and
the wattage will
determine how much
light it puts out.An
incandescent lamp
works no matter which
direction its base is
pointed.
How efficient are
they?
Efficacy for
incandescent lamps are
normally in the range of
15 to 20 lumens per
watt.Efficacy of energy-
saving lamps is slightly
higher;but on the other
hand,long-life lamps
efficacies are usually
lower.
LAMP TYPES
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How long do they last?
)Jfe for an incandescent lamp is usually around 750 to 1000 hours if they are used at their rated voltage.If thevoltageisallowedtospikeonlyonce,their lives can be reduced by 25 to 50%.
How are incandescent lamps for color?
The CR1 of incandescent lamps is nearly always 99÷,which indicates the color of light they put out is the sameasthesun,our standard.
Are there any other incandescent lamps?
Tungsten halogen and quartz halogen both are more efficient than the standard incandescent lamp and ofcourse,they are more expensive.The quartz halogen is very common in outdoor lighting.The envelope of thequartzhalogenmustbekeptverycleanandfreefromhumantouch.The oils from human fingers will beetchedintothequartzwhenitreachesitsveryhighoperatingtemperature,causing it to fail sooner.Verysmallspotlightsareoftenquartzhalogenandcanbeusedinprojectors,overhead projectors,and even tracklighting.
21
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
How do fluorescent lamps work?
Fluorescent lamps use a bulb energized by a ballast
(an electronic device for starting and regulating
fluorescent and discharge lamps).The ballast generates
an electric arc that spans the length of the lamp.Inside is
a mixture of an inert gas and a very small amount of
__.___-__
mercury.The electric arc generates an ultra-violet light
that strikes the phosphor coating on the inside of the —
______
glass tube,causing the phosphors to glow and generate
visible light.
How are fluorescent lamps named?
____
Look at this example:F4OT12CW
•Fstandsforfluorescent
•40 tells the Watts it uses
•T12 gives the diameter of the lamp in 118th of an
inch so 12/8 inch is 1 1/2 inches in diameter
•CW tells us it generates a “cool white”color
Another example:F32T8
•F stands for fluorescent
•32 tells the Watts used
•T8 gives the diameter of the
lamp
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22
,—low long are fluorescent lamps?
)vlost are a nominal four feet long,but in reality,they are shorter.They will fit in a 4-foot fixture such as thosea2X4suspendedtileceiling.They also come in a variety of lengths to fit other fixtures,from a few inchesuptoeightfeet.
What are compact fluorescent lamps?
These range from small 5-or 7-watt biaxial to 32-or 40-watt biaxial lamps.Biaxial means the tube is folded onitselftomakeitappearastwotubes.In addition,compact fluorescent come in a wide variety of bases andsizes.
How long do fluorescent lamps last?
Rated life for compact fluorescent is normally 12,000 hours
and for standard fluorescent lamps is 20,000 hours or more.They are not sensitive to voltage changes because the
ballast will level it out if it fluctuates,especially if electronic
ballasts are used.
To increase the life of a fluorescent lamp,leave it burning
for at least 12 hours after it is first installed,allowing it to
“burn in”and stabilize.
What are the latest changes?
The most recent addition to the family of fluorescent lamps
the T5s,which give more light per lamp and are
specially useful for high bay fixtures such as those you’ll
find in a gym or workshop.They are a very bright light
source:occupants require a substantial amount of distance
from the lamps so they are not “blinded.”
T-8s are becoming the standard and are comparable or even better than T5s in efficacy.T12s are the oldstandardandarebeingreplacedwiththeT8s.The T8 will fit in the same fixture as the T12 with some minorwiringchangesandaballastreplacement,while the T5s require new fixtures.
What colors of light will fluorescent lamps put out?They generate a wide variety of colors all the way from warm white (CR1 of 50)to deluxe warm white (CR1 of89).The newer T8 and T5 lamps have been made with better phosphors and as a result have better color inthestandardlamps.
What do ballasts do?
The ballast generates a very high voltage and limits the current to the lamp.The older magnetic ballasts wereessentiallyatransformerwithastarter,while the new electronic ballasts are much more.The prime reasonthemagneticballastsarebeingreplacedisduetotheirhighenergyconsumption,up to 15—20 watts for a twolampballast.
Electronic ballasts are much more efficient,more versatile and are expected to last longer.
1.Two T8 lamps on an electronic ballast are rated at 61—63 watts while T12 lamps on a magnetic ballastwilluse96—114 watts.
23
2.Electronic ballasts will normally handle a variety of lamp sizes and numbers of lamps.In addition,they
will handle a wide range of voltages as well.This will eliminate a great deal of shelf stock.
3.Due to the cooler operation of the electronic ballasts,they are expected to last longer.Some do,some
don’t.They are rated like lamps,when half fail.
4.One more advantage of electronic ballasts is the change they make to the electrical service:they
operate at 20,000—40,000 Hz,which means they do not flicker.
Ensure that you are purchasing quality ballasts.One indicator is the “total harmonic distortion”factor.This
should be noted on the ballast and should be less than 20%.Another factor to note is the sound rating.Class A
is the least noise and Class F is the loudest and should be used only in areas of high background noise such as
boiler rooms,shops,etc.
The last advantage we will discuss is the ability to dim fluorescent lamps if you have a dimming ballast.The
price of a dimming ballast is slightly more than a standard ballast.In addition,ballasts are available that are
two-level,allowing light to be reduced to about 50%.0
0
24
-HIGH-INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HIDs),,his family of lamps has much different qualities than either incandescent or fluorescent and they operatedifferently.HIDs have a very bright and small arc that is struck inside a small “envelope”that is,in turn,insideanotherglass“bulb.”There are four different types and each has its own advantages and characteristicsincludingwattages,bases and shapes.
MERCURY VAPOR LAMPSMercuryvaporlamps,as their name implies,use a small amount of mercury inside the arc tube to helpgeneratedthearc.Due to their poor efficacy,they are obsolete.Their characteristics include:
1.Color is a greenish blue and has a CR1 of 25—50.
2.Efficacy is 45—55 lumens per watt.
3.Rated life is up to 24,000 hours,but should be replaced much earlier due to its lumen depreciation.4.Warm up is commonly five minutes.
5.Restrike or restart time after it has been turned off is about five minutes.6.End of life characteristic is its dimming or fading out passively.
7.Requires a specific ballast.
8.Lamp ballast efficacy is 24 or higher.
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25
METAL HALIDE LAMPS
Metal Halide lamps are a more recent development and utilize a metal halide gas along
with the mercury and argon gas.Their color and efficacy are better than mercury vapor
lamps and are commonly used where color is important such as in retail stores,parking
lots,etc.They are available in wattages from 30—2000 watts.It is important that they
not be operated without a lens over them to protect people from ultra-violet light
generated if the outer envelope is broken.
Metal Halide characteristics are:
1.Color is crisp and bluish with a CR1 of 70—80.
2.Efficacy is 80—85 lumens per watt.
3.Rated life is 7500—15,000 hours.
4.Warm up time is five minutes.
5.Restrike or restart time is up to 10 minutes or longer.
6.End of life characteristic is its dimming with an increase in energy
consumption.
7.Requires its own ballast matched to the lamp.
8.Lamp ballast efficacy is 49 or higher.
9.Burn position (base up or base down within 15 degrees)is important.
HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM
High-pressure sodium (HPS)lamps are different from the other HID lamps due to their ceramic arc tube.It is
under high pressure and contains a xenon gas with coated tungsten electrodes.They also come in a variety of
sizes and shapes and bases.
High-pressure sodium (HPS)lamps were developed and are used for street lighting and security lighting
because of their very high efficacy and life.Because of their very yellow/gold color,they are used primarily
where color is not critical.However,with the improvements in color,HPS has been installed successfully in
school gyms and shops.Where color is important,it can be paired with metal halide which will balance the
color spectrum provided.HPS lamps do not require a closed fixture.HPS lamps are also available with two-arc
tubes which essentially eliminate the restrike time and double the life.When one tube burns out,the other
takes over.
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26
High pressure sodium lamp characteristics:
1.Color is yellow /gold and CR1 is 20—65.
2.Efficacy is 80 to 125 lumens per watt.
3.Rated life is up to 24,000 hours.
4.Warm up time is three minutes.
5.Restrike or restart time is about one minute.
6.End of life characteristic is its cycling off and on,
which is very hard on the ballast.
7.Requires a matching ballast.
8.Ballast lamp efficacy is 63 or higher.
9.Burn position is not important.
LOW-PRESSURE SODIUM
These lamps are extremely efficient with efficacies well over
100 lumens per watt,but their color is monochromatic or
very limited to the yellow range.They are used primarily
where light pollution is a problem such as around
astronomical observatories.Their color range can be filtered out easily.
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)
LEDs are the latest sight source on the scene and have the definite advantage of a very long life,projected to
in the range of 100,000 hours;however,tests are showing they have substantial lumen depreciation.Due
advances in technology and their long life,these tests are not yet conclusive.LEDs also require DC current.
They are being used in signs,exit lights and other areas where long life is a major advantage.Efficacy is 20—40
lumens per watt—and climbing.
27
Comparison of Lighting Efficiency c:;)
Least Efficient Most Efficient
Incandescent
Halogen
Fluores:nt
Tube Fluorescent I
Mercury Vapor
Metal Halide —
High-Pressure Sodium
-White HF’S
—Deluxe L A
—Standard
____________________
Low-Pressure Sodium ,--
—___l iI
0 25 50 75 00 125 150 175
Efficiency (lumens per watt)
0
28
LIGHT FIXTURES1ightfixtures,known as “luminaires”in the professional world,are the various housings,covers,containers,
-starters,ballasts and wiring for the lamps we have just discussed.They control,reflect,diffuse and shield.They direct the light to where it is intended and protect the fixture/lamp from outside influences.
What is the proper placement of fixtures?
Glare is always a problem with a bright light source.In an office,the fixture should be placed over eithershoulderoftheoccupantsothelightwillreflectawayfromtheindividual.In general lighting,the fixturesshouldbearrangedsooneoverlapswithitsneighborasthelightisfartherawayanddiluted.This way,thefixturescancomplementeachother.Light fixtures have an intensity curve that will be critical in determiningproperplacement.
LIGHTING ENERGY MANAGEMENT
What are the simplest steps for managing lighting energy?
The easiest and the most cost-effective lighting management practice is to replace incandescent lamps withcompactfluorescentlamps.Additional management steps include replacing magnetic ballasts with electronicballasts.
Replacing T12 lamps and magnetic ballasts with T8s and electronic ballast is the most common long-rangechange.A pair of T12 lamps on one magnetic ballast uses about 96 Watts and a corresponding pair of T8s onanelectronicballastwilluseabout61—64 watts,giving a 1/3 reduction in connected load and a very slightreductioninlightoutput,and likely an improvement in CR1.Another benefit of the T8 lamps and ballasts is the
(Eeduction in flicker common to other fluorescent lamps.
Where do we find detail information?
Light fixture,lamp and ballast catalogs give a wealth of information we will need.For example,thecombinationofballastandlampinfluorescentfixturesdetermineshowmuchelectricalenergyisused andhowmanylumensoflighttheygenerate.
THE LIGHTING SURVEY.
What do we look for in a survey?
1.What is the function of the space you are evaluating?
2.Is the existing lighting system adequate?Does it meet the customer’s needs?
3.Is the area over lit?
4.What condition is the system in?
5.How are the light fixtures controlled?
6.How can the system be improved?
Count the fixtures and enter the data on the form.Your comments also are critical,so enter your impressionsandsuggestions.
29
LIGHTING INVENTORY SITESHEET
Include recessed “can”fixtures,wall sconces,suspended fixtures lamps and task lighting,accent lighting and “track”lighting,\/
Illuminated exit signs,and exterior IIhtIn -—
I Cunt Cuynt Percent of Occupancy
AreelRoom Area
Lamp Lamp Baflast Number Usage TlmrOn Sensors -
(fi)Fixture (tc)Fixtures pirlwl Timers -T
--—-—-
____—
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Typo Codes Incandeecent—I,Fluerescent -F,Msrcuiy Vapor -MV,High Pressura Sodium HPS,Low Pressure Sodium-LPS,Metal Hattie —MH
Other Observations(Lamps clean,reflectivity.effectIve use ofdaylight,lighting on In unoccupied areas,ballasts disconnected In
delamped fixtures);
Are there any safety concerns?
Safety comes first.Note any problems you see and keep yourself safe.
•Don’t turn the customer’s switches on or off.
•Don’t reach into the electrical boxes or panels.
•Be careful in wet or winter weather.
•Some lamps such as metal halide must be in an enclosed fixture to avoid ultra-violet radiation
coming out.
•Ballasts containing PCBs should be removed from service,and Idaho code states they are to be
disposed of as a hazardous waste.As long they are not leaking,the ballasts are not considered a
direct hazard and can be handled.If they are leaking,the area is now considered dangerous.
0
30
.—-Where can I get more information about energy management for schools and other buildings?)•Idaho Power Company at www.idahopower.com
•Department of Energy Rebuild America at www.rebuild.gov
•Energy Star for Small Business at www.energystar.gov
•Department of Energy www.doe.gov
Super T8 Specs
The Consortium for
Energy EfPc em p nc
iCEEt a norpinfrt Loipti
ration promotes the nail
ufact,re a—id psi chase of
enemy efficient p”idiit
and sefelces The orurszatonlauncheditsHigh
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CE pruners EE’o web
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An ceptaraton of regrilu
tions.amllrJ win teas-its
wIt fiCi sly ,iia,ar it
uris,can iIso 5 build
at (www.tamprecycling.
comiregutations).
Enengy-Efficiovd Product,
Inn?Ini
CFL Retrofit
Calculator
ThUS.Departrncttol
Erergy’s EERE orfico twit
its Fedeal Energy Man
aye-tent Pbgrnir multi
al urIiicr cu!cilaioi i
help you estintate the
elielqy savings that result
when retroflttir,c horn
incandescent to compact
tiOIC5CCnI lamps.Gather
al-rip cost,is’aitayv,
rOt unit labS UntO arid
‘pit hi 1011Cm J‘I at
(wwwl .eere.energy.gov/
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List of Lamp
Recyclers
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Mairitatturetri AssOi Id
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ONLINE RESOURCES
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——
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I
General
Information
The Lighting Reseaic!i
terser’s Nallola?Lirjtrlt’itt
Plnctiii.l Infor oat-err Pro
gram provides tafiIte
nt,fiiagCinentaird ligfrting
prufesGoitals with mIst’
niattorl to help them spec
ily.pilicliase,install,and
nperate eftirientIigtltng
cyJiptilent ‘list (www.
Irc.rpledu/programs/
NLPIP/technologies.asp)
for a self‘adm rstered
educationn lamps.ha
lasts.Ivnl.natnts and
controls
Building Magazine May 2008
31
APPENDIX
Definitions
Ballast:magnetic or electronic device used to control the start and operation of discharge lamps,includingfluorescentlamps.
Base Load:Most commonly referred to as base load demand,this is the minimum amount of power a utility ordistributioncompanymustmakeavailabletoitscustomers,or the amount of power required to meetminimumdemandsbasedonreasonableexpectationsofcustomerrequirements.Base load values typicallyvaryfromhourtohourinmostcommercialandindustrialareas.Base load can also refer to the baselinedemandforelectricalpowerbyacustomeratnon-peak times.
British Thermal Unit (BTU):The amount of heat required to raise one pound of water by one degreeFahrenheit.The higher the BTU rating,the more heating capacity the equipment.
Building Envelope:The interface between the interior of the building and the outdoor environment,includingthewalls,roof,and foundation—serves as a thermal barrier and plays an important role in determining theamountofenergynecessarytomaintainacomfortableindoorenvironmentrelativetotheoutsideenvironment.
Color Rendering Index (CR1):A measurement of the amount of color shift that objects undergo when lightedbyalightsourceascomparedwiththecolorofthosesameobjectswhenseenunderareferencelightsourceofcomparablecolortemperature.CR1 values generally range from 0—100.
(yemand :A measure of the rate at which energy is used,measured in kiloWatts (kW).
Efficacy:The amount of light (luminous flux)produced by a lamp (a light bulb or other light source),usuallymeasuredinlumens,as a ratio of the amount of power consumed to produce it,usually measured in watts.
Energy Efficiency:Using energy wisely and efficiently to get the maximum benefit.
Foot Candle:A standard measurement of illuminance,representing the amount of illuminance on a surfaceone-foot square on which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen.
Lamp:An electrically energized source of light,commonly called a bulb or tube.
Lumen:A measurement of the perceived power of light.Lumens differ.A single fluorescent light fixture withanoutputof12000lumensmightlightaclassroomwithanilluminanceof500lux.To light a gymnasium floorwithanareadozensoftimesthatofthekitchenwouldrequiredozensofsuchfixtures.Lighting a larger areatothesamelevelofluxrequiresagreaternumberoflumens.
Luminaire:A complete lighting unit,consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the components required todistributethelight,position the lamps,and connect the lamps to a power supply.Often referred to as a“fixture.’T
Lux:A measurement of the perceived intensity of light.(See Lumen).One lux is equal to one lumen per squaremeter.
(Peak Load:The maximum demand for electricity in a 24-hour period.
33
Phantom Load:Also known as standby power,vampire power,vampire draw,or leaking electricity,refers to
the electric power consumed by electronic appliances while they are switched off or in a standby mode.Many
appliances continue to draw a small amount of power when they are switched off.These “phantom”loads
occur in most appliances that use electricity,such as VCRs,televisions,stereos,computers,and kitchen
appliances.In the average home,75%of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the
products are turned off.This can be avoided by unplugging the appliance or using a power strip and using the
switch on the power strip to cut all power to the appliance.A common source of phantom load is a power
adapter with no power-off switch.
Plug Load:The electrical load from devices which are constantly plugged into the electrical circuitry.May
include DVD players,music systems,computers,doorbells,alarm systems,toasters,coffee makers,hair dryers,
garage door openers,and rechargeable tools.
Therm:The Equivalent of 100,000 BTUs.
0
0
34
-Definition Sources
)Jghting Design Lab of Seattle:http://www.lightingdesignlab.com/library/glossary.htm
US Department of Energy,“Home Office and Home Electronics,”15 Jan 2008
Electro-Optics Handbook:http://www.burle.com/cg i-bin/byteserver.pI/pdf/Electro Optics.pdf
Ohno,Yoshi (2004),“Color Rendering and Luminous Efficacy of White LED Spectra”,Proc.of SPIE(Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting),5530,SPIE,Bellingham,WA,pp.88,doi:10.1 117/12.565757,
http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div844/facilities/photo/Publications/OhnoSPIE2004.pdf
Green Building Advisor:http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/deptlmusings/tackling-plug-load
problem
Pew Center on Global Climate Change:
http:/Iwww.pewclimate.org/technology/factsheet/BuildingEnvelope
Energy Vortex.com:
hffp://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/baseload_base_load_baseloaddemand
.html
35
Conversion Factors
General
D =Decca
M sometimes
M always
MM
G=Giga
1 quad
1 Btu
1 Btu
1 kWh
1 Btu is energy to raise
1 bbl =barrel
1 foot candle
1 hghd =hogshead
1 Ton (long)
1 Ton (short)
1 Ton (short)
1 Metric Tonne
1 ft head water
1 cubic foot
1 gallon water
1 Boiler Horsepower
1 Ton of cooling
10
=m
=1,000
=1,000,000
=1,000,000,000
=1015 Btu
=1055 iou les
1 Stick Match
=3412.8 Btu
1 lb water 1°F
=42 gallons
=1 Lumen
=63 gallons
=2240 lbs.
=2000 lbs.
=7 barrels crude
=2204.62 lbs.
=0.43 psi
=7.48 gallons
=8.34 lbs.
=33,475 BTU/hr
=12,000 BTU/hr
Oil
Residual
Light Diesel (winter)
Diesel (summer)
1 gal No.5 Oil
1 bbl No.5 Oil
1 gal No.20i1
1 bbl No.2 Oil
1 gal Gasoline
Other Gases
1 gal Propane
1 bbl Propane
1 gal Butane
1 bbl Butane
1 cf Mfg Gas
Solid Fuels
1 lb Bituminous
Coal
1 lb Anthracite Coal
lIb Sub
Bituminous
1 lb Lignite Coal
1 lb Uranium
=No.60i1
=No.lOil
=No.20il
148,500 Btu
6.237MMBTU
138,700 BTU
5.825MMBTU
127,000 Btu
91,300 BTU
3.836MMBTU
103,000 BTU
4.326 MMBTU
500 to 700 Btu
14,000 BTU
(Pennsylvania)
12,700 Btu (PA)
10,600 Btu (WY
7,000 Btu(ND)
250 MMBTU available
Natural Gas
Natural gas is
1 cf =1 ft3
1 Therm
Dth =DeccaTherm
1 MM Btu’s
MMBtu gas
Ccf
Mcf
MMcf
1 Btudrygas
1 Mcf dry
1 Mcf dry
103 m3 =1000 m3
Gas Standard Cond
-95%methane,3%
Ethane &
1%Propane &
Butane
1027 BTU @
standard
conditions
=100,000 Btu
=lOTherms
=1 million BTUs
=1.054615 Gi
=100ft3
=1000 ft3
=1,000,000 ft3
0.965 Btu wet gas
=1000 cubic feet dry
1.027 MMBtu
35.315 Mcf
=14.7 PSIA,60°F 0
C,
0
36
Compact Fluorescent Replacement for Existing Incandescent LampsC
Frosted Standard Incandescent
Wattage Lumens Lumens/Watt
40 495 12
50 490 10
60 850 14
75 1500 20
90 1450 16
100 1710 17
150 2800 19
Long Life Incandescent
Wattage Lumens Lumens/Watt
40 355 9
50 480 10
60 650 11
75 825 11
90 960 11
100 1150 12
150 1925 13
Compact Fluorescent w/Ballast
Wattage Lumens Lumens/Watt
9 425 47
11 555 50
13 635 49
15 700 47
18 850 47
20 1020 51
24 1290 54
25 1290 52
26 1350 52
28 1485 53
Use the compact fluorescent lamp that generates at least as many lumens as the existing incandescent lampunlessthecurrentlightinglevelismorethenwhatisneeded.
37
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Gas Quality Analysis
Fri Mar 2 10:1535 2007
Gas Quality lnfoct1mi for:Mar 1 2007
N
C
llIP GAS QUALITY VALUES 9 14.73 DRY
TOTALSTATIONStrmtdGRAy8101002112marts Cl CZ 03 WA Nc4 105 Nc5 06 Cl CE C9 P TOTAL
34-0 24”SPXANE tAT NO CHRI LEWLT1 0.580 1018 0.902 0.747 1.649 95.824 2.320 0.110 0.016 0.016 0.003 0.001 0.003 -114.9 10036-0 SP04AIIE LAY SO ORES LEULT3 0.580 1019 0.90?0.748 1.649 95.807 2.600 0.108 0.013 0.016 0.003 0.001 0,003 -115.2 100POTSTREAM61PLRMSI0.577 1016 0.758 0.877 1.635 96.158 2.086 0.101 0.008 0.008 0.001 0.000 0.003 121.O ¶00PSICOMBBIATIOJISTREAM62PLRMS20.580 ¶019 0.898 0.754 1.652 95.811 2.387 0.113 0.013 0.016 0.003 0.001 0.003 -114.8 100STAIIFIELDII!PGT/NI CUE STNNSI 0.580 1018 0.898 0.787 ‘.684 95.790 2.361 0.120 0.015 0.018 0.006 0.002 0.006 -106.7 100STANFIEIJMS22”so STUMS?0.596 1051 0.115 0.535 1.250 94.080 3.390 0.872 0.151 0.150 0.044 0.029 0.035 22.8 100STAIIFIELDMS22”110 STNMS3 0.585 1029 0.860 0.708 1.568 95.239 2.692 0.360 0.059 0.060 0.017 0.011 0.015 69.6 100STAUFIEI.D MS 30”a STM$S4 0.596 1051 0.711 0.533 1.244 94.111 3.313 0.265 0.169 0.151 0.044 0.029 0.035 -22.9 100CAI.DWELL 03 22”16.SO 0181 CAICSI 0.597 1056 0.722 0.441 1.163 93.241 3.639 0.926 0.161 0.161 0.045 0.029 0.036 265 100CAL.DUELL CS 22”IlL NO 01182 CALCS2 0.597 1056 0.722 0.440 1.162 93.841 3.640 0.926 0.161 0.160 0.045 0.029 0.036 20.4 100CALDIIELLCs24”uxw 0183 CALCSS 0.597 1055 0.719 0.442 1.161 93.850 3.636 0.924 0.160 0.160 0.045 0.029 0.036 -20.6 100NIHHOMECS22”ML 50 01181 MTKCSI 0.599 1056 0.734 0,1,91 1.225 93.638 3.742 0.950 0.166 0.165 0.047 0.031 0.036 -19.5 100KINHONECS22”ML NO CUR?MtHCS2 0.599 1056 0.734 0.49?1.226 93.641 3.740 0.949 0.186 0.165 0.047 0.031 0.035 -19.6 lOGNIHHOWECS22”82110 tAT CHR3MIHCSS 0.599 1056 0.734 0.489 1.223 93.644 3.760 0.949 0.166 0.165 0.047 0.031 0.035 19.6 1008MIIIROMECS24”LL 110 01184 MTHCS4 0.599 1056 0.735 0.490 1.225 93.633 3.746 0.951 0.166 0.167 0.047 0.031 0.036 -19.4 100nLITTLEVALLEYCSLTVCSI0.598 1056 0.736 0.445 1.169 93.764 3.688 0.940 0.164 0.164 0,045 0.029 0.038 -18.5 100POCATELLOCs22”Ml.CHR P000S1 0.599 1057 0.718 0.505 1.223 93,672 3.678 0.962 0.170 0.165 0.051 0.034 0.045 -11.5 ¶00REIINERERCS22”01181 REIICSI 0.599 1056 0.710 0.540 1.269 93.673 3.676 0.946 0.168 0.165 0.1149 0.032 0.042 -14.5 ¶00OPALPIJJITTO111WOPURSI0.582 1037 0.543 0.354 0.897 95.915 2.541 0,641 0.073 0.063 0.022 0,015 0.026 -50.1 100OPAL-SHUTE CREEK TO 111W SIRMS1 0.561 988 0.007 2.686 2.694 97.213 0.077 0.010 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001 -160.8 100FRONTIERTONOWFAThS10.614 1087 0.630 0.210 0.840 91.917 4.856 1.540 0.343 0.32?0.104 0.065 0.013 -13.6 ¶00QUESTARCLEARCREEKCURl
EAST PAINTER WTIAM000 NRIJ)
w NV ML8DY CREEK -4002 0.599 1056 0.712 0.537 1.249 93.707 3.635 0.050 0.033 0.043 134 100lIESx16QIJESIARTOWHIPXIHMSI0.615 1079 0.915 0.350 1.265 91.599 5.039 0.070 0.045 0.026 0.016 0.007 0.001 10.4(al 100GREENRIVERGATHERINGtAT08(0451 0.595 1057 0.693 0.187 0.881 94.290 3.584 0.054 0.029 0.060 -3.9 100GREENRIVERGATHEMNGNOCR104520.608 1072 0.868 0.245 1.113 92.554 4.492 0.065 0.035 0.056 2.0 100GREENRIVERGATHERINGSOCR404530.618 1083 1.004 0.289 1.292 91.221 5.193 0.073 0.040 0.049 6.4 100‘GREEN RIVER GATHERING BLEND GRQ(S4 0.610 1073 0.888 0.251 1.139 92.369 4.590 0.066 0.036 0.053 1.5 100GREENRIVERNORTHST*l CR11051 0.618 1083 0.994 0.331 1.325 91.198 5.197 0.073 0.050 0.057 8.4 100,GREEN RIVER SO 51%?GRNCS2 0.618 1083 0.994 0,331 1.325 91.199 5.198 0.073 0.050 0,056 LI ¶00C
0.949
1.438
0.785
1237
1.581
1255
1.561
1.560
p.CCN
NC
rC
0.169
0.244
0.168
0.223
0.266
0.229
0.264
0.264
0.165
0.253
0,150
0.226
0.284
0.233
0.216
0.276
Footnotea:(a)frIcates HOP calculated ,fth actual values to 09.(b)1rfcates HOP caLculated itch esttated 06,values.
P195:2
39
Simple,Sure Energy Savers
Condensed from
Energy Efficiency Pays —A Guidefor the Small Business Owner booklet —
By the American Public Power Association and the Association of Small Business Development Centers
1.Lighting
•Turn off lights and equipment when they are not in use
•Adjust lighting to your actual needs
•Use free daylight to your advantage
•Control direct sunlight through windows
•Install occupancy sensors where appropriate
•Install programmable thermostat to automate your HVAC
•Keep lights clean
•Replace incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps wherever appropriate
•Install LED exit signs
•Convert T-12 lamps to T-8s with electronic ballasts
2.Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
•Plug or fill any cracks or leaks with weather stripping and caulking
•Change air filters at least every quarter
•Use ceiling fans to increase air movement and comfort levels
•Tune up your heating,ventilating and air conditioning
•Use “auto”setting on thermostat rather than “on”to reduce fan energy
•Turn thermostat down in winter and up in summer
•Turn system off or down when facility is empty
•Use cool morning air to purge the building in the summer
•Calibrate the thermostat
•Use “Economizer Cycles”to cool 0
40
•Benchmark your building against other similar buildings with Energy Stare
3.Office Equipment
•Use computers,monitors and printers efficiently
•Turn off equipment when not needed
•Use sleep mode on equipment —be patient
•Use double-sided option
•Use draft mode for your printer for normal use
•Run copies in batches and let copier sleep
•Buy the smallest copier that will work for you
4.Refrigeration and Freezers
•Keep doors shut
•Check temperature settings and make sure they are proper for the job
•Properly load the refrigerator and freezer
•Keep refrigerators and freezers away from stoves
•Ventilate/clean properly
•Make sure the door seals are effective with piece of paper
•Turn off vending Machine lights when no one is around
5.Hot Water
•Reduce the amount of hot water you use.Think about it.
•Reduce the temperature of the hot water and tank to 120 °F
•Fix leaking faucets,toilets and shower heads
•Use low flow shower heads and faucets
•Insulate all water pipes
•Turn off water pipe heat tapes when not needed or put them on a thermostat
41
Program Funding
Fundingfor The Students for Energy Efficiency Program is the result of the Idaho Public Utilities
Commission Order #30760 dated March 27,2009.The order directed the appropriate disposition of
the proceedsfrom the sale of Idaho Power Company’s sulfur dioxide (SO2)emission allowances in
calendar year 2007for development and implementation of an energy education program in Idaho
Power’s service area.
0
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42