HomeMy WebLinkAbout20040917Geothermal Post Hearing Brief.pdfConley E. Ward (ISB No. 1683)
GIVENS PURSLEY LLP
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Attorneys for U. S. Geothermal, Inc.
S:\CLIENTS\6667\1 \Post-Hearing Brief DOC
BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
S. GEOTHERMAL, INC., an Idaho
corporati on Case No. IPC-04-
Complainant POST -HEARING BRIEF OF U.
GEOTHERMAL
vs.
IDAHO POWER COMPANY, an Idaho
corporati on
Respondent.
BOB LEWANDOWSKI ~d MARK
SCHROEDER Case No. IPC- E-04-1 0
Complainants
vs.
IDAHO POWER COMPANY, an Idaho
corporati on
Respondent.
In their responses to the Complaints in this case, both Idaho Power and the Commission
Staff have proposed radical alterations to more than two decades of uninterrupted Commission
policy regarding the payment of avoided cost rates to Qualifying Facilities ("QFs
).
They would
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 1 of OR\GiNAl
do so by penalizing QFs that do not meet arbitrary operational performance standards. Under
Idaho Power s proposal, QFs that fail to operate within 90% to 110% of monthly production
estimates submitted two years in advance would receive only Mid-C energy prices for surplus
sales, and would be required to pay a penalty capped at 150% of Mid-C energy prices for
shortfalls below the 90% threshold. The Staff embraces this concept, but would expand the
brackets to 80% and 120% and shorten the lead-time for operating estimates to six months.
As the Complainants pointed out during the hearings, both of these proposals are
improper collateral attacks on the Commission s recent order establishing PURP A rates and
contract terms. Furthermore, both proposals are premised on a gross mischaracterization of the
Commission s use of the terms "firm" and "non-firm" in PURP A orders as well as a glaring
misunderst~ding of the "how" and "why" of avoided cost rates.
The basic fallacy in the Idaho Power and Staff approach is laid bare by the very order
Staff cites as authority for its proposal. Order No. 15746, issued on August 8, 1980 in Case No.
300-, established the general framework for determining avoided costs and QF rates. Under
the PURP A rules, a QF has the option "to provide energy as the qualifying facility determines
such energy to be available. . ." or "to provide energy or capacity pursuant to a legally
enforceable obligation for the delivery of energy or capacity over a specified term. . . ." 40
F .R. 9 292.304( d). The Commission characterized these two options as follows:
Section 292.304(d) of the FERC rules provide that qualifying facilities have the
option of selling power on an "as available" basis or pursuant to a "legally
enforceable obligation" to deliver. This terminology corresponds to the familiar
distinction between non-firm power sales and firm power sales.
Order No. 15746 at 13.
With respect to those QFs that opt for the first option to sell "as available" energy without
any contractual obligation on their part, these sales are "non-firm" and therefore not entitle to full
POST -HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 2 of 8
avoided cost rates because "such sales do not permit the utility to avoid any 'capacity' costs at all
and must therefore be priced at the utility system s avoided incremental cost of 'energy
. . . .
Order No. 15746 at 14. At Idaho Power s urging, the Commission accepted the proposal to price
these "purchases of non-firm energy" at market rates
(1) either the price (Idaho Power) is able to sell such energy for if it is not needed
on Idaho Power Company s system, (2) or the price Idaho Power Company must
pay for energy when it is needed to supply the requirements of Idaho Power
Comp~y .
Order No. 15746 at 19.
But the Commission went on to reject utility arguments that energy only prices should
also be applied to "firm" QF sales pursuant to legally enforceable obligations, and held that the
prices for these types of contract must include a component for avoided capacity costs in
addition to the avoided energy costs. The Commission further dismissed Utah Power & Light's
contention that capacity costs should be included only for projects equivalent in size and
availability factor to a specific type of utility pl~t-in UP&L's case, a base load coal fired plant.
In doing so, the Commission quoted with approval Dr. John Willmorth's observation that "'with
long term contracts, there is no 'threshold' amount of power from qualifying facilities which is
needed before avoided capacity rates are paid.
'"
Id. at 22.
The basis for this holding was the finding that the aggregate output of QF facilities would
make a "'meaningful contribution to system planning and would thus be deserving of capacity
credits.Id. This finding has proved, with the passage of time, to be both prescient
accurate. Kip Runyan s evaluation of the comparative performance ofCSPP resources
Idaho Power s resources conclusively demonstrates that, in terms of "firmness" of power
deliveries
Closing quotation marks for this sentence were inadvertently omitted in the Order s text. I have placed them
where it appears from the context they belong.
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 3 of8
the CSPP facilities have operated as well as, and arguably better th~, utility
resources. A utility trying to bal~ce loads ~d resources knows it c~ count on
the CSPP portfolio to produce base load capacity and energy in much the same
manner as the utility s own base load resources.
Rebuttal Testimony of Kip Runyan, p. 10, I. 9-11.
Notwithstanding this evidence, both Idaho Power ~d the Commission Staff argue for an
approach that was explicitly rejected in Order No. 15746. Both argue that, in order to receive
full avoided cost rates, each individual QF should be required to exhibit a roughly equivalent
degree of firmness as a single selected utility resource. In Idaho Power s case, the resource
selected for comparison purposes is a wholesale market purchase. Thus Mr. Gale argues that
The appropriate comparison is between a firm energy purchase from a QF and a
firm energy purchase from another creditworthy wholesale market participant. . .
By including the firming provisions in the QF contracts, the Company is
attempting to more closely align the firmness of energy purchases under the QF
contracts with firm energy purchases it makes every day in the wholesale market.
Gale Direct Testimony, P., L. 9 through P., L. 1. For its part, the Staff argues that requiring
QFs to meet the assumed 92 percent capacity factor of the Surrogate Avoided Resource ("SAR"
makes "some theoretical sense " although the Staff proposes a somewhat lesser standard in
recognition of the fact that many potential projects could not meet the SAR's capacity assumed
capacity factor. Sterling Direct Testimony, P. 17, L. 1-16.
The fallacy in this approach c~ be illustrated with another quote from Order No. 15746
again quoting Dr. Willmorth with approval:
When power from a qualifying facility is purchased under a long-term contract
avoidance of any increment of capacity is equivalent to the deferral for shorter
time periods of an entire series of the Company s future generating units planned
to come on-line within the term of the contract.
Order No. 15746 at 22. Thus, the costs a QF enables a utility to avoid are those associated with
the actual portfolio of resources to be acquired within the life of the QF contract. In Idaho
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 4 of8
Power s case, its 2004 Integrated Resource PI~ ("IRP") indicates that it intends to acquire the
following resources within the next 1 0 years:
-- 76 MW Demand Response Programs (DSM)
-- 48 MW Energy Efficiency Programs (DSM)
-- 350 MW Wind-Powered Generation
-- 100 MW Geothermal-Powered Generation
-- 48 MW Combined Heat and Power at Customer Facilities
-- 88 MW Simple-Cycle Natural Gas Fired Combustion Turbines
-- 62 MW Combustion Turbine, Distributed Generation, or Market Purchases
-- 500 MW Coal-Fired Generation
IRP at 2.
Each of these resources has its own risk characteristics ~d advantages and
disadvantages, including varying degrees of operational availability. See IRP at 52-61. It is
absolutely improper to pick out a single resource with a high capacity factor from this diversified
portfolio, and then require each and every QF to meet this capacity factor in order to receive full
avoided costs. This is true even if the comparison is to the combined cycle SAR that is, as its
name implies, merely a surrogate for the resources contained within a diversified portfolio and
their actual avoided costs? The fact that the SAR is used as a shortcut to the estimate of avoided
costs from a diversified portfolio does not suggest that either the utility s actual resource
portfolio or a similarly diversified portfolio of QFs must match the operating characteristics of
the SAR.3 In fact, if Idaho Power follows the resource acquisition strategy outlined in its IRP, it
2 The fIrst defmition of 'surrogate" in The Concise Oxford Dictionary is "a substitute.3 Whether real world combined cycle units achieve the 92% capacity factor assumed for the SAR is yet to be
demonstrated by Idaho utilities, and the assumption may well prove overly optimistic if the "high fuel price
volatility" of natural gas continues. See IRP at 53.
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 5 of8
is abundantly clear that many of the resources it intends to acquire (~d that will be avoided by
CSPP acquisitions) will not meet the "firmness" st~dards proposed by either Idaho Power or the
Staff.
In summary, Idaho Power s and the Commission Staffs debate about the "firmness" of
QF purchases is based on a fundamental misapplication of the Commission s orders and
l~guage. Idaho Power and the Staff misread the Commission s reference to "firm legal
obligations as an attempt to prescribe firm QF operational characteristics. This was never the
Commission s intention, and the proof is that the Commission has approved contracts for dozens
of small hydroelectric QF projects, many of which are, like Idaho Power s own hydroelectric
facilities, subject to enormous variations in generating capability. See Exhibit 58.
For QF purposes, a plant's output is "firm" when it is made available to the utility
pursuant to a "legally enforceable obligation." At that point, the QF is providing a service that is
functionally equivalent to the utility s avoided "firm" resources that also have widely varying
capacity factors. Nothing more is required for the QF to be entitled to full avoided cost rates for
the entirety of its output.
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED this ih day of September 2004.
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 6 of8
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I HEREBY CERTIFY that on this 17th day of September 2004, I caused to be served a
true ~d correct copy of the foregoing document by the method indicated below and addressed to
the following:
Jean Jewell
Idaho Public Utilities Secretary
472 W. Washington Street
O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0074
S. Mail
Hand Delivered
Overnight Mail
Facsimile
Electronic Mail
Scott Woodbury
Deputy Attorney General
Idaho Public Utilities Commission
472 W. Washington Street
O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0074
S. Mail
Hand Delivered
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Barton L. Kline
Monica B. Moen
Idaho Power Company
1221 W. Idaho Street
O. Box 70
Boise, ID 83707-0070
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John P. Prescott
Vice President - Power Supply
Idaho Power Company
O. Box 70
Boise, ID 83707-0070
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Peter J. Richardson
Richardson & O'Leary
99 E. State Street, Ste. 200
O. Box 1849
Eagle, ID 83616
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Don Reading
Ben Johnson Associates
6070 Hill Road
Boise, ID 83703
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POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 7 of 8
Dan Kunz, President
S. Geothermal, Inc.
1509 Tyrell Lane, Ste. B
Boise, ID 83706
James F. Fell
Stoel Rives LLP
900 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Ste. 2600
Portland, OR 97204
Bob Lively
PacifiCorp
One Utah Center, 23rd Floor
201 S. Main Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84140
R. Blair Strong
Paine, Hamblen, Coffin, Brooke &
Miller LLP
717 W. Sprague Avenue, Ste. 1200
Spok~e, WA 99201-3505
Clint Kalich, Manager of Resource
Planning and Analysis
A vista Corporation MSC- 7
O. Box 3727
Spokane, WA 99220-3727
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MaW hv
Con ey E. Ward
POST-HEARING BRIEF OF U.S. GEOTHERMAL - Page 8 of8