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BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION
U . s. GEOTHERMAL, INC.,an Idaho corporation,
Complainant,
vs.
IDAHO POWER COMPANY,an Idaho corporation,
Responden t .
BOB LEWANDOWSKI and MARK
SCHROEDER,
Complainants,
vs.
IDAHO POWER COMPANY,an Idaho corporation,
Responden t .
CASE NO. IPC-O4-
CASE NO. IPC-O4-
IDAHO POWER COMPANY
DIRECT REBUTTAL TESTIMONY
JOHN R. GALE
Please state your name and identify the party
upon whose behalf you are presenting testimony.
My name is John R. Gale. I am testifying on
behalf of Idaho Power Company.
Are you the same Mr. Gale that presented
direct testimony in this proceeding.
Yes.
What issues will you address in your rebuttal
testimony?
My testimony will clarify the Company
position on several issues identified by Staff and
intervenors in their direct testimony. I will also address a
number of alternative approaches proposed by Staff and
intervenors to resolve issues raised by Complainant'
testimony.
What clarifications to the Company s position
need to be made?
I will begin wi th the testimony of Commission
Staff Wi tness Sterling. In his testimony on page 19, Mr.
Sterling discusses the provision (Section 14.1) in the
Company s Firm Energy Sales Agreement (FESA) that protects
Qualifying Facilities (QF's) if they are unable to perform
due to a forced outage. Mr. Sterling describes this
provision as "allowing a 72-hour grace period during which
the QF' s abili ty to perform is excused.
GALE, DI - REB
Idaho Power Company
Mr. Sterling goes on to recommend that the 72-hour
grace period be extended to 30 days. In fact, Section 14. 4 . 1
of the Company s proposed contract provides QF' s wi th
grace period" that will last as long as the forced outage
exists. The 72-hour time period is the minimum length of the
grace period," not the maximum. Under Section 14.1 of the
contract, when the QF notifies Idaho Power that it is
suspending deliveries because a forced outage has occurred,
its minimum delivery obligation is adjusted to recognize the
impact of the forced outage. Section 14.1 provides that
the generation suspension due to the forced outage must last
at least 72 hours. It could last longer if the forced outage
actually lasts longer.
Why does Idaho Power include the 72-hour
minimum forced outage?
The 72-hour minimum is included to discourage
abuse of the forced outage suspension provision. Wi thout
some minimum outage period, a QF would be incented to
declare a forced outage every time some minor "hiccup
occurred. The intent is not to preclude adjustments for
legitimate forced outages but to discourage unreasonable
numbers of declarations of forced outage which could result
in a burdensome amount of accounting and contract
administration activities.
Does the Company consider the 72-hour period
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
to be the only reasonable length of time to include in the
FESA?
No.While 72 hours seems reasonable, a
shorter period would be workable, so long as it is not so
short as to defeat the purpose of the minimum outage period.
Commission Staff Wi tness Sterling recommends
that the 90%-110% bandwidth proposed by the Company be
expanded to 80%-120%. Does the Company have a posi tion on
Mr. Sterling s recommendation to expand the lower and upper
boundaries?
The purpose of setting an upper and lower
boundary is to provide QF' s wi th an economic incentive to
deliver energy at the times and in the amounts they
commi t ted to deliver, thereby providing at leas t some
firmness to the energy the Company purchases from QF' s.
Increasing the upper and lower bounds from
+ / -
10 percent to
+/- 20 percent reduces the firmness and weakens the
Company s ability to plan for a specific amount of energy
from the QF each month. Idaho Power has signed four QF
contracts (one wind proj ect, one hydro proj ect, one wood
waste project and one industrial waste project) that include
the 90%-110% bandwidth. It is apparent that at least some QF
developers, representing a variety of technologies, believe
they can plan their generation schedule to successfully
operate wi thin that range. It is also important to remember
GALE , DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
that if a QF project does not meet its commitment within
this bandwidth, the agreement is not terminated. Instead the
bandwidth only provides a financial incentive for the
project to set the estimated monthly generation levels at
reasonable, attainable levels for that specific facility and
then perform accordingly. The use of a commi tment level
bandwidth is an improvement over the pre-2003 "firm" energy
contracts where the QF's can deliver energy in any amount at
any time and there is virtually no way for the Company to
plan how much energy it will receive each month from
individual QF' s. The Company believes the 90%-110% bandwidth
is reasonable because it encourages a realistic commi tment
but does not create a QF barrier.
Section 6.2. 1 of the Company s proposed FESA
allows the QF developer -to.' revise its monthly Net Energy
amounts, six months after the initial operation date,
months after the operation date, and then every two years
thereafter. Mr. Sterling suggests that the Company
proposed two-year interval be reduced to six months. Does
the Company have a posi tion on Mr. Sterling s proposal?
Since the filing of my direct testimony,
Idaho Power has continued to negotiate with various
addi tional QF developers. Many have sugges ted that in
addi tion to the dates proposed in the original agreements
(six months after the Operation Date, one year after the
GALE, DI - REB
Idaho Power Company
Opera tion Date and then every two years for the remainder
the FESA) , it would also be reasonable to allow the proj ects
to revise the estimated monthly generation at the Operation
Date. The Company has reviewed this request and agrees it
would be reasonable and consistent wi th the intent of
establishing a level of firmness wi thin these agreements.
With this addition, the Company is proposing to allow the QF
proj ects to revise their energy estimates three times during
the first year of operation. This change recognizes that no
ma t ter how perfect the plans and engineering may be, it
takes some actual run-time to truly determine what a
generation facility s output will actually be. However,
after this first ini tial year, a viable " firm" generation
facili ty should have most of the bugs worked out.
After the first year, the Company believes that the
two-year period it has proposed is preferable to the shorter
six-month period proposed by Mr. Sterling because the longer
period adds more "firmness " to the QF's commitment. The two-
year interval allows the Company to more easily integrate
the QF resource into its biennial IRP resource planning
process.
It is also important to note that the estimated
generation requirement is only for total monthly kWh It is
not measured hourly, daily or weekly. Therefore, a proj ect
has considerable flexibili ty in a given month to vary its
GALE, DI - REB
Idaho Power Company
generation on a daily basis. For a project with greater risk
of generation deviations, it may be prudent not to estimate
generation at the maximum output but instead to estimate
generation at a lower level to allow a "cushion" for
potential times of reduced generation.
Finally, as I noted in my prior answer concerning
the 90%-110% bandwidth, pre-2003 QF contracts contained no
enforceable energy commi tment on the part of QF' s so even
the more frequent six-month adjustment option proposed by
Mr. Sterling would be an improvement over prior practice. If
the Commission is inclined to require a more frequent
adjustment interval, the Company would propose a one-year
commitment on the part of the QF rather than the six months
proposed by Mr. Sterling.
In discussing the methodology for determining
whether a particular QF meets the Commission s 10 MW
criteria for qualification for published rates, PacifiCorp
Witness Hale and Avista Witness Kalich both suggest that a
10 MW nameplate capaci ty limi t be combined wi th the 10,000
kWh per hour metered energy limi t described in your direct
testimony. Is that a workable arrangement?
Yes, it is. As I stated in my direct
testimony, Idaho Power currently combines these two tests in
several current Commission-approved contracts and this
combination has worked well. Based on this experience, I
GALE, DI - REB
Idaho Power Company
believe uslng both nameplate and metered energy in
combination to determine entitlement to the published rates
as suggested by Mr. Hale and Mr. Kalich is reasonable.
Do you still believe that it is important for
the Commission to issue an order defining how the 10 MW
limi t should be computed?
Yes. It is cri tical that the Commission do
so. This case has demonstrated that there is substantial
disagreement and uncertainty as to the Commission s intent
regarding the appropriate methodology to be used to
determine if a particular QF meets the Commission s 10 MW
cri teria. For example, u. s. Geothermal is requesting that
the Commission look at its specific type of generating
technology to determine how the 10 MW capaci ty limi t would
be computed. Presumably, each generating technology, i. e
. ,
wind, biomass, hydro, etc. would also like to have the 10 MW
limi t determined on a basis that is specifically tailored
its characteristics.
I am convinced that a technology-by-technology
analysis would inj ect an unreasonable level of complexi
into the process and this complexity will inevitably result
in the filing of addi tional complaints before this
Commission.It is also important not to lose sight of the
fact that the reason the Commission decided to include the
10 MW limit was to standardize the process for smaller
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
proj ects.A technology-by-technology approach is not
conducive to achieving that goal.
The uncertainty associated wi th the methodology for
determining the 10 MW limi t is further evidenced by the
testimony presented by several parties noting that nameplate
capaci ty should not be used because it is subj ect to varying
defini tions and interpretations.
Some parties have also expressed concerns wi th using
metered energy as the primary test of capaci ty.
In the final analysis, the current uncertainty will
not be resolved until the Commission explicitly determines
how it wants to determine the capaci ty of a QF generating
facili ty. If the Commission does not make that
determination, we run the risk of continuing ad hoc
determinations and the potential' for addi tional complaint
proceedings.
In your opinion, is this complaint proceeding
the best forum for establishing the methodology for
determining how the 10 MW criteria will be established?
Not necessarily.If the Commission believes
a more thorough analysis of this issue is desirable, it may
be preferable to remove this 10 MW calculation issue from
this case and address it in greater detail in a separate
proceeding. It would seem to me that both utili ties and QF' s
would have a vested interest in resolving this matter
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
expedi tiously and a workshop format could be useful in
identifying, and perhaps resolving, the issues.
If the Commission were to remove the 10 MW
calculation issue from this proceeding, how should the
Commission address u. S. Geothermal's "grandfathering
request?
If the Commission were to bifurcate this
proceeding to address the computation of the 10 MW limi t in
grea ter detai 1 in a separate proceeding, it would probably
be reasonable to "grandfather " u. S. Geothermal. The
Commission could then limi t the issues to be decided in this
case to the 90%-110% issue and the stranded cost issue. The
Commission should condi tion any grandfathering as follows:
(1) the "grandfathered" U. S. Geothermal agreement would not
15 ' be precedential,(2) U. S. Geothermal would not be permi t ted
to compel any other Idaho utili ty to purchase its excess
energy, but it could sell excess generation to third
parties,( 3) U. S. Geothermal would agree that Idaho Power
would receive its pro rata share of U. S. Geothermal's total
generation in both heavy-load and light-load hours.
If the Commission does not desire to
bifurcate this proceeding, are there any other issues
relating to "grandfathering " that you believe the Commission
should consider?
Mr. Sterling, in his testimony, identified
GALE, DI - REB
Idaho Power Company
several reasons why he did not believe that "grandfathering
was appropriate in this case. While I believe the reasons he
cited are all valid, I believe the key consideration is the
fact that Idaho Power and U. s. Geothermal have never entered
into a contract. From the very beginning of the
negotiations, there have been fundamental differences
between Idaho Power and U. s. Geothermal. There has never
been a meeting of the minds between the parties. U. S .
Geothermal has always known that there was a possibility
that the contract the Commission would ultimately be willing
to approve might be materially different than the contract
U. s. Geothermal seeks. U. s. Geothermal's decision to proceed
with development activities while it litigated this case was
a business decision it made.
Both PacifiCorp and Avista urge the
Commission to confirm that a QF proj ect must sell its entire
output to a single utility. Do you have any comment on this
proposal?
Idaho Power, like Avista and PacifiCorp,
believes it would be inconsistent wi th the policy
considerations underlying the Commission s decision to cap
the entitlement to published rates at 10 MW to allow a QF to
build a 30 MW facility and then compel Idaho Power, Avista
and PacifiCorp each to purchase 10 MW at the published
rates. While the Company anticipates that transmission costs
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
would likely minimize the viability of such artificial
schemes, the concern is a real one. Idaho Power would agree
that if a QF developer constructs a project with a capacity
in excess of 10 MW and compels a utili ty to purchase its
output under PURPA, the Commission should not allow that
same QF to use PURPA to compel another Idaho jurisdictional
utility to purchase generation from the same facility.
Would such a limitation discourage the
development of larger independent power production proj ects
in Idaho?
No, it would not. First, the larger QF can
compel a utili ty to purchase all of its energy at PURPA
rates determined by using the IRP methodology. Second, the
larger independent power project developer is not prevented
15,from constructing a merchant generating facili ty and selling
energy on the wholesale market or selling to the utility in
response to a Request for Proposals ("RFP". Idaho Power
draft 2004 IRP shows that Idaho Power is planning to issue
several RFP' s for wind, geothermal and combined heat and
power proj ects in the next few years. In addi tion, when you
consider the transmission cost the QF will incur to move its
excess energy from the proj ect si te to third-party
transmission interconnection points on the transmission
system, in most instances the control area utili ty will have
a slight price advantage in acquiring excess energy from
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
merchant generator interconnected to its system.
In their testimony, Wi tnesses Hale and Kalich
both expressed concern that if a QF is not obligated to sell
all of its output to a single utili ty, the QF might sell
less valuable light-load-hour energy to the utility and sell
more valuable heavy-load-hour energy to a third party.
Should this issue be addressed in Firm Energy Sales
Agreements?
I agree that QF contracts should not permit
the QF to use its PURPA rights to require a utility to
purchase less valuable light-load-hour energy while at the
same time selling more valuable heavy-load-hour energy at
market prices.
In his direct testimony, Mr. Kalich explains
why Avista does not propose to include a stranded cost
provision in its PURPA contracts at this time. Does his
explanation satisfy Idaho Power s concerns?
Not really. Mr. Kalich states that if retail
deregulation comes, "the Company believes that the
Commission has the authority to approve charges for end use
retail customers that would provide an opportunity for
recovery of cost obligations resul ting from PURPA contracts.
If deregulation does occur at the retail level, it will be
important that legislation address stranded cost issues,
and/ or the Commission retain all necessary authori ty to
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
address recovery of any PURPA related stranded costs.
Certainly if deregulation unfolds precisely as Mr. Kalich
describes and the Commission receives and exercises the
authority to ensure that the Company recovers its stranded
costs resul ting from PURPA contracts, there would be no
issue. Under those circumstances, under the Company
proposed contract language contained in Section 23.2, there
would be no QF contract termination because Idaho Power
would be able to fully recover its costs associated wi th the
QF agreement. What is not covered by Mr. Kalich'
explanation is the si tuation where the legislation
Commission action does not provide for recovery of stranded
PURPA expenses. If that were to occur, the Company needs to
be able to assert that the government has confiscated its
property. Unless the Commission expressly accepts or rej ects
the proposed contract language, Idaho Power is concerned
that it will face the argument that was raised in 1999 (See
Exhibit 204) that a change in the regulatory environment is
simply a business risk and does not consti tute confiscation.
Mr. Sterling also addresses the Company
stranded cost provision (Section 23.2) in his testimony.
Like Mr. Kalich, he argues that the clause is unnecessary to
protect the Company s interests. Do you have any comment on
Mr. Sterling s testimony in this regard?
Yes. Like Mr. Kalich, Mr. Sterling states
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
that because the Commission has ordered Idaho Power to enter
into these contracts and the Commission has approved the
payments as prudently incurred expenses for ratemaking
purposes, the provision is unneeded. Unfortunately, we have
no way of knowing today how retail deregulation might be
imposed. If it unfolds as Mr. Sterling and Mr. Kalich
anticipate, Section 23.2 would never be used. Nevertheless,
until the Commission issues an order ei ther approving or
disapproving the contract language Idaho Power has
requested, I am advised by my legal counsel that there is
some remaining risk that the Company will be vulnerable to
future assertions that it voluntarily waived its right to
claim confiscation of its property.
Finally, if the Company s concern at this point
so remote and so unlikely, ' it's difficul t to understand why
it is viewed as such a barrier to QF financing. As I noted
in my direct testimony, three QF developers have already
signed contracts containing this language, and all three
will need to obtain proj ect financing. None of the three
indicated that the contract provision in question would
present an unreasonable barrier to their obtaining proj ect
f inanc ing
On page 6 of his testimony, Mr. Kalich
expresses concern that the 90%-110% bandwidth proposed by
Idaho Power does not adequately address the lack of capaci
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
associated with intermittent energy resources like wind.
Mr. Kalich correctly notes that intermittent
resources like wind do not provide capaci ty and will impose
addi tional costs on utili ties for reserve planning and
integrating intermittent resources. Both Mr. Sterling and
Mr. Kalich discuss possible discounts to be applied to
published avoided cost rates as a way to compensate
utili ties for these addi tional integration costs. Idaho
Power agrees that when a larger scale wind or solar resource
presents itself, it would be appropriate to consider an
integration charge for intermi ttent resources. However, in
this case we are presented wi th two small wind resources.
Requiring them to purchase integration services from the
Bonneville Power Administration or computing an Idaho Power-
specific integration charge would be extremely burdensome
for these small projects. As an alternative, the Company
providing these two wind resources the opportuni ty to
receive published rates for a portion of their generation.
These two wind developers will determine the amount of
energy they are willing to commit each month based on their
knowledge of their particular proj ect' s efficiency and
reliabili ty. In the interim, Idaho Power believes this is a
reasonable approach that encourages the development of local
wind resources wi thout unduly increasing utili ty cost.
Does this conclude your rebuttal testimony?
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
Yes.
GALE, DI-REB
Idaho Power Company
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I HEREBY CERTIFY that on the 19th day of August, 2004 , I served a true
and correct copy of the DIRECT REBUTTAL TESTIMONY OF JOHN R. GALE upon the
following named parties by the method indicated below, and addressed to the following:
Scott Woodbury
Deputy Attorney General
Idaho Public Utilities Commission
472 W. Washington Street
O. Box 83720
Boise , I D 83720-0074
Conley E. Ward
Givens Pursley LLP
601 W. Bannock Street
O. Box 2720
Boise, ID 83701-2720
Daniel Kunz, President
S. Geothermal, Inc.
1509 Tyrell Lane, Suite B
, Boise, ID 83706
Peter J. Richardson
Richardson & O'Leary PLLC
99 East State Street, Suite 200
O. Box 1849
Eagle, ID 83616
Don Reading
Ben Johnson Associates
6070 Hill road
Boise, I D 83703
James F. Fell
Stoel Rives LLP
900 S.W. Fifth Avenue , Suite 2600
Portland , OR 97204
Bob Lively
PacifiCorp
One Utah Center, 23rd Floor
201 S. Main Street
Salt Lake City, UT 84140
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R. Blair Strong
Paine, Hamblen , Coffin, Brooke
& Miller, LLP
717 W. Sprague Ave., Suite 1200
Spokane, WA 99201-3505
Clint Kalich
Manager of Resource Planning
and Analysis
A vista Corporation - MSC-
O. Box 3727
Spokane, W A 99220-3727
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(Jtf YL--
BARTON L. KLINE