20110825IRP Appendix Final.pdf

APPENDIX
Appendix Table of Contents
Appendix A – Technical Advisory Committee Presentations (page 1)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 1 (page 2)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 2 (page 49)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 3 (page 112)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 4 (page 262)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 5 (page 345)
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 6 (page 438)
Appendix B – Work Plan for the 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan (page 493)
Appendix C – Comprehensive List of Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measures
Included in the Study (page 499)
Appendix D – Conservation Potential Assessment Study (page 572)
Appendix E – North Idaho Transmission Study (page 841)
Appendix F – 2011 Electric IRP New Resource Table for Transmission (page 849)

2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix A – Technical Advisory
Committee Presentations

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 1
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 1 Agenda
Thursday, May 27, 2010
Conference Room 130

Topic Time Staff

1. Introduction 10:30 Lafferty

2. Work Plan 10:35 Lyons

3. Load & Resource Balance Update 11:00 Shane

4. Resource Planning Environment 11:35 Lyons

5. Lunch 12:00

6. 2011 IRP Topic Discussions 1:15
Analytical Process Changes Gall
Hydro Modeling Shane
Resource Adequacy Kalich
Loss of Load Probability Gall
Energy Efficiency Hermanson
Scoping the 2011 Plan Kalich

7. Adjourn 3:30

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 2
Work Plan
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 3
Technical Advisory Committee Meetings
May 27, 2010: Work plan, load & resource balance, resource planning
environment, and 2011 IRP topic discussions (analytical process changes, hydro
modeling, resource adequacy, loss of load probability, energy efficiency, and
scoping the 2011 plan)
August 2010: Risk and resource assumptions, loss of load probability analysis,
scenarios and futures, and energy efficiency
October 2010: Load forecast, preliminary electric and gas price forecasts,
updated load & resource forecast balance, and transmission cost studies
February 2011:Review of modeling and assumptions, and draft PRS
March 2011: Review of scenarios and futures, and portfolio analysis
April 2011: Review of final PRS and action items
June 2011: Review of the 2011 IRP
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 4
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
300 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 5
2011 Electric IRP Draft Outline
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction and Stakeholder Involvement
3. Loads and Resources
a)Load forecast and scenarios
b)Existing resources
c) Resource adequacy
4. Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
a)Energy and capacity savings projections and methodology
b)Two year energy savings target (I-937) & business planning process
c) Demand response options and study results
d)Risk and externalities
5. Environmental Issues
a)Carbon emissions
b)Other
6. Transmission Planning
a)Resource integration
b)Smart grid
c) Other T&D efficiencies
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 6
2011 Electric IRP Draft Outline (cont)
7. Generation Resource Options
a)New resource alternatives
b)Thermal and hydro upgrades
8. Market Analysis
a)Regional loads, transmission, resources
b)Fuel price forecasts
c)Risk modeling
d)Market price forecasts
e)Market scenario analysis
9. Preferred Resource Strategy
a)The PRiSM Model and efficient frontier analysis
b)Preferred Resource Strategy results and I-937 compliance
c) Portfolio scenario analysis
10. Action Items
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 7
Load and Resource Balance Forecast
Xin Shane
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 8
L&R Changes From 2009 IRP
Load- 10 year growth rate 1.8%, 20 year growth rate 1.6%for
Peak and Energy. The forecast for year 2011 is 42 aMW lower
than previous forecast or 3.6%lower
Hydro- Uses Clark Fork Optimization Package Results
Thermal- CS2 duct burner capacity is upgraded to 28 MW from
23 MW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 9
Annual Average Energy Position
Base Case
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
aM
W
Hydro Base Thermal Contracts Peakers Load Load w/ Cont.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 10
Winter Capacity Position
Base Case
Planning Margin = 15%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
MW
Peakers Contracts Base Thermal Hydro Load Load w/PM, w/o Maint
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 11
August Capacity Position
Base Case
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
MW
Peakers Contracts Base Thermal Hydro Load Load w/PM, w/o Maint
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 12
Energy Positions –7 Scenarios
(aMW)
(1,000)
(800)
(600)
(400)
(200)
0
200
400
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
w/o Energy Efficiency
No PURPA
w/o Short-term Purchases
NPCC PM
Base Case
High Load
Low Load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 13
Winter Capacity Positions –7 Scenarios
(MW)
(1,600)
(1,400)
(1,200)
(1,000)
(800)
(600)
(400)
(200)
0
200
400
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
Base Case
w/o Energy Efficiency
No PURPA
w/o Short-term Purchases
NPCC PM
High Load
Low Load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 14
August Capacity Positions –7 Scenarios
(MW)
(1,600)
(1,400)
(1,200)
(1,000)
(800)
(600)
(400)
(200)
0
200
400
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
Base Case
w/o Energy Efficiency
No PURPA
w/o Short-term Purchases
NPCC PM
High Load
Low Load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 15
Washington State RPS (aMW)
On-line
Year
Apprentice
Labor
Upgrade
Energy 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
WA State Retail Sales Forecast 656 668 681 693 702 712 721 730 740 751
Load 10% Chance of Exceedance 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34
Planning RPS Load 685 698 711 724 733 744 753 763 773 785
RPS %0%3%3%3%3%9%9%9%9%15%
Required Renewable Energy 0.0 20.3 20.8 21.1 21.5 65.6 66.5 67.4 68.2 115.2
Renewable Resources
Purchased RECs 0.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kettle Falls 1983 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stateline 1999 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Long Lake 3 1999 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Little Falls 4 2001 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Cabinet 2 2004 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Cabinet 3 2001 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Cabinet 4 2007 1.0 1.99 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Noxon 1 2009 1.0 2.90 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Reardan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hydro 10% Chance of Exceedance (4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)(4.2)
Total Qualifying Resources 10.9 16.5 16.6 16.6 16.6 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9
Net REC Position (Completed)10.9 (3.8)(4.2)(4.6)(5.0)(54.7)(55.6)(56.5)(57.4)(104.4)
Budgeted Hydro Upgrades
Noxon 2 2011 1.0 1.00 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Noxon 3 2010 1.0 1.30 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Noxon 4 2012 1.0 1.20 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Nine Mile 2012 1.2 3.80 0.0 2.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Hydro 10% Chance of Exceedance (0.5)(1.3)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)(2.0)
Total Budgeted Hydro Upgrades 1.3 3.8 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1
Rollover Credits 0.0 12.1 12.2 14.1 15.6 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net REC Postion (Budgeted Upgrades)with Rollover 12.1 12.2 14.1 15.6 16.7 (31.9)(49.5)(50.4)(51.3)(98.3)
Net REC Postion (Budgeted Upgrades)w/o Rollover 12.1 0.1 1.9 1.5 1.1 (48.6)(49.5)(50.4)(51.3)(98.3)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 16
Planning Environment
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 17
Major Planning Issues
1.Renewable Portfolio Standards
–State and federal
2.Greenhouse Gas Regulations
–State, regional, and federal
–Emissions performance standards and reporting
3.Energy Efficiency Requirements
4.Reliability Planning
5.Variable Resource Integration
6.Electric Vehicles
7.Smart Grid
8.PURPA
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 18
State & Federal Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals
Kerry-Lieberman Waxman-Markey
2013 4.75%3% (2012)
2020 17%17%
2030 42%42%
2050 83%83%
Percentage goals below 2005 greenhouse gas emissions
Washington Goals
2020 1990 emissions
2035 25% below 1990
2050 50% below 1990
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 19
Key Components Kerry-Lieberman
(American Power Act)
Allowances:
–75% emissions based and 25% load based
–Prohibition from receiving excess allocations
–Electricity sector begins in 2013, natural gas in 2016
–Increased levels of free allocations
Preemption of state cap-and-trade programs
Preempt EPA regulation through Clean Air Act
Carbon fees for petroleum
Emissions credit limitations
Emissions credit banking and borrowing
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 20
American Power Act –Price Collars
$-
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
$60.00
$70.00
$80.00
$90.00
$100.00
20
1
3
20
1
5
20
1
7
20
1
9
20
2
1
20
2
3
20
2
5
20
2
7
20
2
9
20
3
1
Price Floor
Price Ceiling
2009 IRP
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 21
EPA Tailoring Rule
Clean Air Act permitting requirements for greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions from large stationary sources
January 2, 2011: Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
requirements for GHG emissions for new and modified facilities
needing non-GHG PSD permits and increasing GHG emissions
75,000 tons CO2-e or more per year
July 1, 2011: PSD requirements on new facilities emitting
100,000 tons CO2-e and modifications increasing GHG
emissions 75,000 tons
Rulemaking in 2011 setting emission thresholds and permitting
requirements for 2013
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 22
Analytical Process Changes
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 23
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
300 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 24
Modeling Enhancements and Questions/Feedback
Modeling Enhancements
Study period 2012 –2031
Use Loss of Load Probability/Expectation to target planning margins
Resource retirements as an option in PRiSM
Add other matrices to evaluate portfolio risk (i.e. Tail Var, CoVar, CO2)
Increased number of resource upgrades as options (thermal and hydro)
Increased number of distribution efficiency programs
Evaluate demand response programs
Further enhance relationships of regional market variables (i.e. correlations)
Questions/Feedback
Real versus nominal costs/prices reporting
Market analysis (more, less, same- stochastic or scenario focused)
Portfolio analysis (more, less, or same)
Other requests
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 25
Hydro System Optimization Modeling
Xin Shane
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 26
Structure of Hydro System Optimization Package
System
Optimization
Model
Water Budget
Model
Output
Database
Input
Database
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 27
Water Budget Model Overview
The Water Budget Model’s primary goal is to recognize the storage capabilities inherent in
system reservoirs, optimizing water releases to maximize generation values while enforcing
project constraints.
Today’s computers cannot optimize at an adequate detail level to extend the hourly
Optimization Model to annual or multi-year timeframes
Water Budget Model simplifies certain aspects, allowing optimization across many
weeks to years
Approach is a best practice, “industry standard”
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 28
System Optimization Model Overview
Hourly model, with potential for more granularity (i.e., intra-hour analyses)
Each project is represented in detail, including:
–Accurate (piece-wise) reflection of individual turbine efficiency curves;
–Physical and license-constrained reservoir elevations;
–Tailrace elevations;
–Minimum and maximum flow constraints; and
–Other regulation constraints
Shapes generation into the most beneficial (i.e., most economic) time periods using
storage reservoirs
Maximizes generation by flowing water through the most efficient points on each
turbine’s power curve
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 29
Model vs Actual Generation- Clark Fork Example (aMW)
Before Benchmarking
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Actual Generation Model Output
After Benchmarking
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Actual Generation Model Output
Cabinet Unit 4
Upgrade was online
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 30
Next Steps
Complete Spokane River Model
Complete Upgrade Analyses for the Following Projects
–Long Lake–new power house with 1 or 2 new units (30-120 MW, pumped storage)
–Post Falls–replace powerhouse with between 1 and 3 new units (25-40 MW)
–Monroe Street–one additional unit (~45 MW capacity)
–Cabinet Gorge–one or 2 new units (60-120 MW, help with total dissolved gas
mitigation)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 31
Resource Adequacy
Clint Kalich
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 32
Concepts
Generator Capacity Services
–Energy
–Reserve for forced outages and extended load (i.e., hot and cold weather) excursions
–Regulating
–Load following
–Energy imbalance (mismatches between scheduled and actual generation)
Traditional Resource Planning Methodologies
–Energy L&R
•Average forecast
•Plus contingency energy
–Capacity L&R
•Average peak load
•Plus planning margin
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 33
Capacity Services Definitions
Energy
–Average capability to do work over a given time horizon
–Conversion of fuel (water, wind, coal, gas, wood, etc.) to electricity
Planning Reserves
–Operating Reserve –capacity held back to cover forced outages and non-firm imports
•5%-7%-5% of online capacity for hydro-thermal-wind
•at minimum half must be “spinning;” the remaining can be “non-spinning”
•first hour of system contingency met through NWPP Reserve Sharing Group
–Regulating Reserve –spinning reserve immediately responsive to AGC
•generally a seconds-to-5-minute product
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 34
Capacity Services Definitions, Cont.
Planning Reserves, Cont.
–Load Following
•Reserve-like product to follow variations in load and resources across the trading
hour
*beyond 5 minutes
*can be spinning or non-spinning (traditionally spinning in the NW)
–Energy Imbalance
•“Make-up energy”
•Covers variations between hourly scheduled and actual generation levels
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 35
Potential Changes to L&R Planning Margin
Operating Reserve
–5% hydro and wind
–7% thermal
Regulating Reserve: ~25 MW
Load Following: TBD
Energy Imbalance
–Wind and solar ~10-15%
–Load ~2%
Weather Variation: TBD
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 36
Key Considerations by Resource
All Resources
–Abilities to provide individual capacity services discussed above
–Potential maintenance schedules
–Forced outage characteristics
Hydro
–Sustained peaking capabilities
–Run-of-river vs. reservoir storage vs. pumped storage
–Upstream inflows during critical events
Gas-Fired Thermals
–Weather impacts
–Resource type (peaking versus base-load, etc.)
–Fuel availability over peak events
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 37
Key Considerations by Resource, Cont.
Coal
–Ramp rates
Load Interruption (aka demand-side management)
–Coincidence of measure with system peaking periods
–Frequency of interruption rights
–Duration of interruption rights
–Sustainability of interruption savings
•Especially when looking outside of industrial/large commercial classes
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 38
Key Considerations by Resource, Cont.
Market Purchases
–How much is available during critical events
•Transmission constraints
•Surpluses on 3rd party systems
–“Firmness” of anticipated deliveries
•Is 3rd party “firming” the sale?
•In other words, will purchases be cut during critical events to serve 3rd-party system?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 39
Illustration of Capacity Obligation
1000
100
25 66 20
100
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1-in-2 peak
energy
load following regulation op. reserves forecast error planning
margin
total
planning margin forecast error
op. reserves regulation
load following 1-in-2 peak energy 311 MW of
additional
capacity,
or 31%
311 MW of
additional
capacity,
or 31%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 40
Metrics to Measure Resource Adequacy
Loss of Load Probability (LOLP)
–Percent of iterations that have at least one loss of load event
Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE)
–Days with an event; units are the number of days per year
Loss of Load Hours (LOLH)
–Hours with an event; units are the number of hours per year
Expected or Equivalent Unserved Energy (EUE)
–Average quantity of energy not served in each iteration (MWh)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 41
Planning Margin Perspectives
Avista Margin History
–10% of peak load, plus 90 MW (1980s-2008)
–15% of peak load (2009)
FERC Standard Market Design: 12-18%
Northwest Power and Conservation Council: 23% winter (January) , 24% summer (July)
Avista 2011 IRP Margin
–Based on probabilistic reliability study
•LOLP, LOLE, LOLH, EUE metrics
*5% LOLP (proposed)
*1 day in 10 years LOLE (proposed)
*LOLH and EUE (TBD)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 42
Loss of Load Probability
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 43
Overview
Why
Avista’s capacity planning margin is 15% of peak load. Without conducting a statistical
analysis regarding probability of no serving all customer load due to lack of generation, the
15% should be questioned- especially as additional variable generation is added.
Modeling
8,760 hours for ~1,000 potential outcomes (draws, games, iterations, etc)
Study 2012, ‘16, ‘20, ‘24, and ’28
Randomizes: forced outages, temperature, loads, wind generation, and hydro conditions
Takes into account hydro constraints, market purchases, and reserves including: within
hour load variation, variable resource reserves, and operating reserves
Can illustrate benefits using demand response and federal emergency hydro
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 44
For the Next TAC meeting
Detailed presentation on how model works
Finalize 2012 study (final load & wind modules)
Market reliance scenarios
Test 2009 IRP’s Preferred Resource Strategy for later years
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 45
Energy Efficiency & Demand Response
Lori Hermanson
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #1
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
May 27, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 46
Energy Efficiency Progress Since Last IRP
Targets and Year-to-Date Achievement
I-937 Plan for Washington accepted with conditions
–Target for Washington electric only
–Year-to-date results toward I-937 targets
Demand Response Pilot
– Tested and improved equipment capability on Avista’s system
–Initiated 10 successful events of either cycling heating or AC or
shutting off water heaters for 2-4 hrs
– Proved customers’ strong willingness to participate with few opt-outs
–Low northwest on/off-peak price differentials makes these programs
not cost effective
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 47
Next Steps for 2011 IRP
Conservation Potential Assessment (all states, gas/electric )
–Issue RFP in June
–Complete RFP by October
–Evaluate TRC cost-effectiveness with draft IRP electric price
forecast in November
–Establish energy efficiency placeholder levels in early January
–Update with finalized IRP electric price forecast in late January
–Finalize energy efficiency levels in early February
–Draft energy efficiency and demand response section of IRP
document
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 48
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 2 Agenda
September 8th and 9th, 2010
Avista Headquarters – Spokane, Washington

Wednesday, September 8th

Leave from Avista 8:30 am
Lancaster Tour 9:30 am
Rathdrum CT & Boulder Park Stops
Lunch – Sawtooth Grill 12:30 pm
Upper Falls & Monroe Street 1:45 pm
Return to Avista 4:00 pm

Thursday, September 9, 2010
Avista Conference Room 130
Topic Time Staff
1. Introduction 10:00 Storro

2. Resource Assumptions 10:05 Lyons

3. Reliability Planning 10:35 Gall

4. Lunch 11:30

5. Sustainability Report 12:30 Wuerst

6. Combined Heat and Power Generation 1:30 Dempsey

7. Energy Efficiency 2:30 Hermanson

8. Adjourn 3:30

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 49
Resource Assumptions
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #2
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
September 9, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 50
Supply Side Resource Data Sources
Power Council –6th Power Plan
Resource lists developed internally from:
–Trade journals
–Press releases from other companies
–Engineering studies and models
–State commission announcements
–Proposals from developers
Consulting firms/reports
State and federal resource studies
Data sources are used to check and refine generic resource
assumptions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 51
Resource Updates from 2009 IRP
Focusing on resource options identified in the 6th Power Plan
Lancaster PPA began serving Avista Utilities load on January 1, 2010
150 MW of Northwest based wind in the 2009 Preferred Resource Strategy
has been postponed
Noxon Rapids Unit #3 upgrade completed in April 2010; Unit #2 and #4
upgrades scheduled for April 2011 and April 2012
Started work on the Nine Mile upgrade
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 52
Natural Gas-Fired Resources
Resource
Type
First
Year
Size
(MW)
Levelized
Overnight Costs
(2012 $/MWh) *
Capital Cost
Excludes AFUDC
(Nominal 2012)
SCCT (aero)2014 46 $106 $1,033/kW
SCCT (frame)2014 83 $114 $591/kW
Hybrid SCCT 2014 94 $103 $1,107/kW
CCCT (air)2016 270 $88 $1,105/kW
CCCT (water)2016 275 $85 $1,053/kW
Small
Cogeneration
2015 5 $112 $3,472/kW
Reciprocating
Engine
2014 99 $111 $1,139 /kW
* Prices are based on a preliminary gas price forecast
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 53
Other Thermal Resources
Resource Type First
Year
Size
(MW)
Levelized
Overnight
Costs
(2012
$/MWh)
Capital Cost
Excludes AFUDC
(Nominal 2012)
Coal (Ultra-critical)2018 300 $123 $3,250/kW
Coal (IGCC)2014 300 $138 $3,252/kW
Coal (IGCC
w/sequestration)
2018 250 $156 $4,722/kW
Nuclear 2021 500 $150 $5,802/kW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 54
Renewable Resources
Resource
Type
First
Year
Size
(MW)
Levelized
Overnight Costs
(2012 $/MWh)
Capital Cost
Excludes AFUDC
(Nominal 2012)
Wind 2016 50 $106 $1,951/kW
Geothermal 2017 15 $110 $4,463/kW
Wood
Biomass
2015 25 $166 $3,710/kW
Landfill Gas 2014 3.2 $60 $2,023/kW
Manure
Digester
2013 0.85 $111 $4,304/kW
Waste Water
Treatment
2014 0.85 $114 $4,304/kW
Solar
Photovoltaic
2014 5 $429 $7,140/kW
Solar Thermal 2016 25 $195 $4,751/kW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 55
Avista Hydro Upgrades
Resource Type Year Size (MW)
Little Falls 1 Upgrade 2014 1.0
Little Falls 2 Upgrade 2015 1.0
Little Falls 3 Upgrade 2016 1.0
Little Falls 4 Upgrade 2017 1.0
Post Falls New Powerhouse TBD TBD
Upper Falls Upgrade 2019 2.0
Long Lake Second Powerhouse / Pumped Storage 2020 60
Long Lake Second Powerhouse 2020 50 –60
Cabinet Gorge Unit 5 2015 50
Monroe Street Unit 2 TBD 37.5
Cost estimates for these potential Avista resource upgrades will be presented at a
later TAC meeting after the estimates are further developed
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 56
Reliability Planning
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #2
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
September 9, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 57
Overview
Objective
Develop a planning tool to help quantify the amount of resources need above expected peak
load
Why
A 15% capacity planning margin is currently added to forecast peak load. Without
conducting a statistical analysis regarding the probability of not serving all customer load and
reserve requirements, the 15% should be questioned- especially as variable generation is
added.
End Result
Determine load variation adder to include in long-term load & resource balance (In addition to
regulating reserves and regulating margin)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 58
Modeling
8,760 hours for 800 potential outcomes (draws, games, iterations, etc)
This presentation includes 2012 and 2017
Other years of interest 2016, 2020, 2025, 2027
Randomizes: forced outages, temperature, loads, wind generation, and hydro conditions
Includes hydro constraints, short-term market purchases, and reserves including: within
hour load variation, variable resource reserves, and operating reserves
Can illustrate benefits of using demand response and federal hydro
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 59
Load
Forced Outage
Rates
Historical
Temperatures
Thermal
Availability
Maintenance
Schedules
Wind
Randomization
Model
Hydro
Availability
Wind
Output
Demand
Response
Operating
Reserves
Net Power
Contracts
Thermal Capacity
Curves
Historical Water
Conditions
Reliability Model
Customer Appeal
Other DR Programs
Long-Term
Contracts + Short
Term Contract
Limits
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 60
Loads
Load shapes are derived from historic daily high and low temperatures
Uses 120 years of Spokane temperatures
The average load of all iterations matches the energy load forecast
The average of the peak load is within the standard error of the peak load forecast
Hourly load forecast uses monthly regression model with coefficients:
–hour, day, temperature, and major weather event triggers
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 61
Hydro
Randomly selects a hydro year between 1928 and 1999
Each hydro year includes monthly energy averages
Run-of-river facilities
–Monthly energy average is used for all hours of the month
–No shaping or reserves are assumed to be available
Storage facilities
– Monthly average generation equals the “drawn” hydro level
–In case of planned/forced outage, water can be spilled
–Linear program moves energy into hours needed to meet load
–Reservoir min and max levels, ramping rates, and daily limits are enforced
–Unused capacity is held as operating reserves
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 62
Thermal
Plants are considered available rather than dispatched
Temperature dependency
–Gas-fired facilities use capacity based upon location temperature
–Temperatures are randomly drawn and are the same as the temperatures
used in the load calculation
Forced outages
–Input forced outage rate and mean-time-to-repair
–Outages occur randomly using a frequency and duration method
–Ramp rates are used following outages
Maintenance schedules
–Planned maintenance schedules are assumed
–Typical outages are in April though June
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 63
Wind
Uses monthly on/off peak duration curves (see chart on left of January on-peak hours)
Random number selects position on curve
Following hour is correlated to previous hour using a correlation factor and variation
January On-Peak Wind Duration Curve January Hourly Simulated Wind Generation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 64
Wind (continued)
Historical data from BPA control area shows generation is mitigated in below 32°F
and above 95° F. (see chart below on left)
Capacity factors are reduced at specified temps to model this phenomenon, (see
chart on right)
BPA Wind CF vs Spokane Temperatures Capacity Factor Adjustments for Specific Temperatures
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 65
Demand Curtailment
Customer appeal
–Public appeal to all customers to conserve energy, radio/TV broadcasts
–Base case includes 25 MW reductions up to two times per year for hours
across the peak
Industrial process
–Not included in base case
–Designed to shift load from peak hours
Sensitivities studies can help determine value of programs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 66
Reserves
Operating Reserves:
–5% hydro and 7% thermal are simplified to 6% of load minus market
purchases
–Simplification allows linearization of the objective function
Regulating Margin:
–1.6% of average hourly load level (based on historical average of max load
within hour versus average load)
–Capacity is for within hour load variations
Intermediate (Wind) Resource Regulation:
–Lesser of 10% of nameplate capacity or generation amount
Reserves are met by excess hydro capacity and thermal generation in excess of
load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 67
Third Party Transactions
Long term firm power agreements are considered in the objective function
Short-term transactions are treated as available market purchase, no short-term
sales are considered
In tight market conditions (low or high temperatures) market availability is limited
to 300 MW on-peak and 500 MW off-peak.
In other market conditions the market availability is limited to 500 MW on-peak
and 750 MW off-peak.
Scenario analysis will be performed to understand the change in loss of load
given these assumptions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 68
Objective Function
Load Serving
- Load [SM]
+ Available thermal capacity [RM]
+ Dispatched hydro capability [LP]
+ Wind generation [SM/RM]
+/- LT Contracts
+ Federal Hydro (optional)
+ Demand Curtailment (optional) [LP]
+ Market Purchases
>= 0 or event triggered
Operating Reserves
- Operating Reserve Requirement
- Intra-hour load regulation
- Wind regulation
+ Available thermal capacity
+ Unused hydro capacity
>= 0 or event triggered
SM: Stochastic Model
RM: Randomization Model
LP: Linear Program
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 69
Metrics
Monthly and Annual Data
Loss of Load Probability (LOLP): percent of iterations with a reserve or load loss
–Calculation: iterations with event / # of iterations
–Metric: 5% or less
Loss of Load Hour (LOLH): expected number of hours each year with a load loss
–Calculation: total hours with event / (# of iterations)
–Metric: 0.24 (24 hours per 10 years)
Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE): expected number of days each year with a load
loss
–Calculation: Days with event / # of iterations
–Metric: 1 day in 10 years or 0.10 or less [or do we want 0.05, 1 in 20?]
Equivalent Unserved Energy (EUE): average MWh of lost load over a year
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 70
2012 Assumptions
Noxon Rapids 4 is on maintenance Jan –mid March
300 MW on-peak market
No Federal hydro release
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 71
2012 Draft Results Item
Annual
Results Target
LOLP 4.8%Below 5%
LOLH 0.255 Not below 0.24
LOLE 0.066 Below 0.10
EUE 38.47 TBD
Results Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Iterations
Load loss w/o reserves 7 2 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1
Load loss w/ reserves 5 2 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1
Reserve violatons 16 3 0 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 0
Total Load Loss or Reserve Violatons 20 5 3 0 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 1
LOLP 2.5%0.6%0.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.9%0.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%
Hours at Loss
Load loss w/o reserves 79 31 22 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 10
Load loss w/ reserves 64 27 20 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 8
Reserve violations 37 7 0 0 0 0 29 9 0 0 0 0
Total Load Loss or Reserve Violations 98 34 20 0 0 0 29 15 0 0 0 8
LOLH 0.12 0.04 0.03 - - - 0.04 0.02 - - - 0.01
Other Data
Reserves Used (MWh/Iterations)12 8 5 - - - 1 1 - - - 2
Unserved Energy (MWh/Iterations)14 8 6 - - - 1 1 - - - 3
Reserve Violations (MWh/Iterations)3 0 - - - - 2 0 - - - -
Unserved Energy (MWh/Iterations)2 0 1 - - - 0 0 - - - 0
EUE: Unserved Energy/Reserves (MWh/Iteratons)4.7 0.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Market used (iterations)286 120 39 6 518 548 349 374 92 56 91 37
Market used (hours)5,100 1,450 968 19 5,785 6,136 4,072 8,246 1,179 727 2,055 332
Probability of market 35.8%15.0%4.9%0.8%64.8%68.5%43.6%46.8%11.5%7.0%11.4%4.6%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 72
2012 Draft Results
(What if Noxon 4 was
not on Maintenance?)
Item
Annual
Results Target
LOLP 2.5%Below 5%
LOLH 0.14 Below 0.24
LOLE 0.035 Below 0.10
EUE 18.99 TBD
Results Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Iterations
Load loss w/o reserves 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Load loss w/ reserves 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
Reserve violatons 7 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 0 0 2
Total Load Loss or Reserve Violatons 8 1 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 0 2 2
LOLP 1.0%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.5%0.3%0.1%0.0%0.3%0.3%
Hours at Loss
Load loss w/o reserves 54 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
Load loss w/ reserves 51 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
Reserve violations 15 0 0 0 2 0 10 8 2 0 0 6
Total Load Loss or Reserve Violations 66 12 0 0 2 0 10 8 2 0 6 6
LOLH 0.08 0.02 - - 0.00 - 0.01 0.01 0.00 - 0.01 0.01
Other Data
Reserves Used (MWh/Iterations)12 2 - - - - - - - - 1 -
Unserved Energy (MWh/Iterations)13 2 - - - - - - - - 1 -
Reserve Violations (MWh/Iterations)1 - - - 0 - 0 0 0 - - 0
Unserved Energy (MWh/Iterations)1 0 - - - - - - - - 0 -
EUE: Unserved Energy/Reserves (MWh/Iteratons)2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2
Market used (iterations)203 83 49 6 539 560 352 382 82 41 95 34
Market used (hours)3,954 1,110 985 8 5,712 5,971 3,822 8,183 1,039 485 2,353 267
Probability of market 25.4%10.4%6.1%0.8%67.4%70.0%44.0%47.8%10.3%5.1%11.9%4.3%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 73
Results (DRAFT)
Study LOLP
(% of draws)
LOLH
(Avg un-served
hours)
LOLE
(Avg un-served
days)
EUE
(Avg Un-served
MWh)
2012 4.8%0.255 0.066 38.47
2012
(Noxon Available all Year)
2.5%0.140 0.035 18.99
2017
(with 150 MW wind)
1.5%0.099 0.019 20.75
2017
(No Wind)
1.9%0.110 0.028 20.17
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 74
How Many Iterations Is Enough?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 75
Next Steps For Reliability Planning
Study additional years
Re-evaluate number of draws
Run scenarios for different market availability amounts, demand curtailment,
and wind penetration
Evaluate moving model from Excel/WB to a different platform to increase speed
Lock down acceptable metrics for load loss
Develop new planning margin based upon results of the study
More to come at a future TAC meeting
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 76
Avista’s 2010 Sustainability Report
TAC Presentation
SEPT. 9, 2010
“To be persuasive, we must be believable; to be believable, we must be credible; to be
credible, we must be truthful.”
Edward R. Murrow
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 77
Our commitment to sustainability:
Avista’s goal is to provide energy for today’s customers while
preserving the ability of future generations to do the same.
We strive to engage our stakeholders --customers, investors,
employees, communities and others –in achieving this goal.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 78
Why do a Corporate Sustainability Report?
•Trust and transparency have been found to be as important to corporate
reputation as service quality.
•CSR is a means to provide enterprise-wide information in a single location
about our company’s strategies and actions impacting people, planet and
performance –topics key to building trust.
•An increasing number of investors, customers and other stakeholders and
prospective employee are looking for this information.
0
20
40
60
80
100
2008
2004
# of S&P 100 companies including
web-based sustainability information
0
20
40
60
80
2008
2007
# of S&P 100 companies producing
formal sustainability reports
“The time has come to usher in a new era…of responsibility.”
President Barak Obama
Source: Social Investment Forum, Dec. 2009)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 79
Objectives of Avista’s Sustainability Report:
•Be a launch pad for initiating stakeholder conversations and
enhancing engagement, internally and externally
•Provide information about Avista’s environmental, operations,
governance and socially responsible programs and actions and
business practices
•Act as a catalyst for internal strategy and goal setting
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 80
What goes into a sustainability report?
•Sustainability Action Team –Internal, cross-enterprise
Environmental, Safety, Production & Generation, DSM/Energy Solutions, Power Supply,
Facilities, Supply Chain, Human Resources, Finance, Corporate Communications
•Prioritizing topics for inclusion
Assess stakeholder interest
Assess society’s interest
Determine business position
Determine impact on reputation
Public or reportable information
•Structure of the report
•Distribution of the report
113 Performance
indicators reported on
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 81
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 82
Considerations for Future Sustainability Reporting
•Review of 2010 report by GRI
• Determine project’s scope and direction and align these with
Avista’s strategic direction
•Initiate in-depth conversations with departments across the
company to determine additional reporting and data assurance
opportunities
•Expand the number of external stakeholders who give feedback on
the report
• Increase the visibility of Avista’s sustainability report and practices
across stakeholders and other audiences without “green washing”
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 83
Materiality: Which information to Include?
High
HighLow
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Relevance for Avista
Avista’s Energy Efficiency
Biodiversity
Corporate Citizenship
Customer Satisfaction
Direct Use of Natural Gas
DSM Programs
Employee Satisfaction
Energy Security
Environmental Performance
Ethical Business Practices
Executive Compensation
Financial Performance
GHG Footprint
Global Climate Change
Governance
Human Resources
NGO Relations
Public Policy
Rates
Resource Planning
Safety
Stakeholder Engagement
System Reliability
Supply Chain
Waste Discharge
Water use
Work Force Diversity
Topics to Consider
Others??
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 84
Cogeneration Case Study
Thomas C. Dempsey, PE
Manager Generation Joint Projects
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #2
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
September 9, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 85
Cogeneration
“Cogeneration is the use of a heat engine or a power
station to simultaneously generate both electricity and
useful heat.”- Wikipedia
“A combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing
engine or plant that employs more than one
thermodynamic cycle”-Wikipedia
Cogeneration= Power [kW]+ Heat [Btu/hr]
Combined Cycle = Gas Turbine Power [kW] + Steam Turbine Power [kW]
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 86
Cogeneration Design Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 87
Efficiency of a Combined Cycle Plant
Efficiency = What you get/What you pay for
Heat Rate = What you pay for/What you get
Heat Rate = 1/Efficiency
How does the efficiency of a combined cycle plant compare with that of a cogeneration facility?
Shown below are numbers typical to advanced combined cycle combustion turbine facilities.
What we pay for is the fuel expressed in terms of British Thermal Units [Btu’s]. What we “get” is
electrical energy expressed in terms of kilowatt-hours [kWh’s]. Advanced combined cycle
turbines have higher heating value net efficiencies around 50%.
%503412
6800
1
1
kWh
Btu
kWh
BtuncycleEfficieCombinedCy
eNetHeatRatncycleEfficieCombinedCy
NOTE: Btu’s and kWh’s are both units of “energy”. We multiply by the unit conversion
factor of 3412 in order to arrive at a dimensionless number which we can express as
percent.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 88
Efficiency of a Cogeneration Facility
Efficiency = What you get/What you pay for
There are many ways of looking at the efficiency of a cogeneration facility. The calculation below
is calculated strictly in terms of useful energy divided by fuel energy. For the example turbine
modeled, the thermal efficiency as calculated below is much higher than the thermal
efficiency for my example combined cycle plant.
%75
78808
35606412.36801
EfficiencyCogenCycle
h
kBtu
h
kBtu
kWh
kBtukW
EfficiencyCogenCycle
Fuel
HeatyElectricitiencyCogenEffic
NOTE: Solar Taurus 70, Spokane Elevation, 150 psig steam, no duct firing
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 89
Comparing Combined Cycle with Cogen on Equivalent TermsAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 90
Comparing Combined Cycle with Cogen on Equivalent TermsAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 91
Comparing Combined Cycle with Cogen on Equivalent Terms
For this example, the cogen facility uses only 87.8% if the gas that would be used by a
combined cycle plant in conjunction with an auxiliary boiler to produce steam. At a gas price
of $4.00 per Million Btu, the combined cycle would incur an additional $6.40 per MWh in fuel
costs. In most cases this magnitude of reduction in costs is not enough to overcome the low
economies of scale and other costs associated with cogen.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 92
Cogeneration Fuel Savings in Context
•At $4.00 per MMBtu, this cogen case shows a reduction of $6.40/MWh in fuel costs.
•For an 80% capacity factor, maintaining 5 additional employees to operate the
cogen facility around the clock will cost approximately $10.00/MWh (only 1 employee
on shift most of the time). Labor costs for the combined cycle facility will be on the
order of $2.50 per MWh due to enormous economies of scale effects.
•Maintenance costs for the cogen facility will be on the order of $4-$7 per MWh more
than that of the combined cycle facility.
•Capital cost recovery on a per MWh basis is significantly higher for the cogen facility
due to economy of scale effects.
•In the Pacific Northwest there are significant periods every year where it is
uneconomic to run due to hydro run-off. A cogen facility would either have to run
during uneconomic times or the plant would have to have complete redundancy with
gas fired boilers.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 93
Energy Efficiency Approach for the 2011
Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Lori Hermanson
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #2
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
September 9, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 94
Evolvement of Energy Efficiency
Growth in annual tariff rider funding and program offerings over the last 10
years
–Five times more electric funding
–Nearly 12 times more natural gas funding
Heightened regulatory requirements and increasing amounts of Evaluation,
Measurement & Verification (EM&V)
–Annual electric (I-937 conditions) and natural gas verification of savings
(Washington decoupling)
–EM&V Collaborative as required by the Washington Utilities and
Transportation Commission (WUTC) –final paper filed 9/1/10
–WUTC required 3-6% of conservation budget on EM&V
IRP action item and one of the I-937 conditions –potential studies every two
years
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 95
Approach for Estimating Energy Efficiency Potential
Energy Market
Profiles
by end use, fuel,
segment and vintage
Customer surveys
Utility data
Secondary data
Forecast data:
Customer growth
Price forecast
Purchase shares
Codes and standards
EE measure list
Measure costs
Energy analysis to
estimate savings
Develop prototypes and
perform energy analysis
Baseline Forecast
by End Use
EE Potential
Midwest Residential (305 TWh)
Space heat
7%
Air conditioning
12%
Water Heat
6%
Refrigeration
9%
Cooking
2%
Dryers
6%
Freezers
2%
Lighting
16%Washers
1%
Dishwashers
2%
Color TV
8%
PCs
2%
Furnace Fans
3%
Other Uses
24%
Technical
Potential Economic
Potential Maximum
Achievable
Potential
Realistic
Achievable
Potential
201020202030
2008 2010 2020 2030
An
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(
k
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h
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h
h
)
Base-year Energy
Consumption
by state, fuel and
sector
Utility data
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 96
Global Energy Partners LoadMAPTM Analysis Framework
(Load Management Analysis and Planning tool)
Market Profiles
Base-year Energy
Consumption
by technology,
end use, segment,
vintage & sector
Forecast Results
Market size
Equipment saturation
Fuel shares
Technology shares
Vintage distribution
Unit energy consumption
Coincident demand
Customer segmentation
Forecast Data
Economic Data
Customer growth
Energy prices
Exogenous factors
Elasticities
Technology Data
Efficiency options
Codes and standards
Purchase shares
Energy-efficiency
analysis
List of measures
Saturations
Adoption rates
Avoided costs
Cost-effectiveness
screening
Baseline forecast
Savings
Estimates
(Annual & peak)
Technical potential
Economic potential
Achievable potential
Energy-efficiency
forecasts:
Technical
Economic
Achievable
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 97
Market Segmentation for Energy Efficiency
State and fuels
By sectors
–Residential
•Limited Income
•Single-family housing
•Multifamily housing
•Mobile homes and manufactured housing
–Commercial and industrial by rate class
–Pumping
Vintage (retrofit vs. lost-opportunity)
Appliances/end uses (space heat, cooling, lighting, water heat, motors) and
technologies (lamps, chillers, color TVs, etc)
Equipment efficiency (old, standard, high efficiency)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 98
Market Segmentation for Demand Response
State
Energy metric (peak demand) for annual, summer and winter
Sector
–Residential
–Commercial and industrial combined
Appliances/end uses (space heat, cooling, water heat, process, other)
Enabling technology (with and without enabling technology)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 99
Energy Market Profile Example: Residential
End Use Technology Saturation UEC Intensity Usage
(kWh)(kWh/HH)(GWh)
Cooling Central AC 86%3,985 3,433 1,587
Cooling Room AC 13%3,188 410 190
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5%18,214 910 421
Space Heating Electric Furnace 0%18,943 --
Combined Heat/CoolAir Source Heat Pump 13%14,004 1,820 842
Combined Heat/CoolGeo-Thermal Heat Pump 0%9,242 --
Water Heating Water Heater 24%2,793 663 307
Interior Lighting Screw-in 100%1,242 1,242 574
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100%243 243 112
Exterior Lighting Screw-in 85%374 318 147
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 85%73 62 29
Appliances Refrigerator 100%891 891 412
Appliances Freezer 42%376 157 73
Appliances Second Refrigerator 20%1,326 265 123
Appliances Clothes Washer 96%561 540 250
Appliances Clothes Dryer 84%821 693 321
Appliances Combined Washer/Dryer 0%786 --
Appliances Dishwasher 61%173 105 49
Appliances Cooking 71%750 533 247
Electronics Personal Computer 65%470 306 142
Electronics Color TV 96%313 300 139
Electronics Other Electronics 100%343 343 159
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 13%2,671 339 157
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 68%431 293 136
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100%194 194 90
Total 14,069 6,505
Cooling
26%
Space Heating
11%
Combined
Heating/Cooling
11%
Water Heating
6%
Interior
Lighting
10%
Exterior Lighting
3%
Appliances
21%
Electronics
7%
Miscellaneous
5%
End-use shares of total
residential sector use
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 100
Baseline End-Use Forecast
Definition of baseline forecast:
Comprehensive end-use forecast
Forecast without future utility programs
Incorporates appliance standards and building codes already on the books
Typically includes naturally occurring efficiency (consistent with 6th Plan)
Process for developing the baseline forecast
1.End-use segmentation
2.Energy market profiles –snapshot of current energy use
3.Technologies/efficiency options available today and in the future
4.Forecast data and assumptions
5.Assess and compare with existing forecasts
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 101
End-Use Segmentation Example
Residential Commercial Industrial
Cooling Cooling Process Heating
Central AC Central Chiller Electric resistance
Room AC Packaged AC Radio frequency
Space Heating PTAC Process Cooling and Refrigeration
Electric Resistance Space Heating Machine Drive
Electric Furnace Electric Resistance 1-5 hp motors
Combined Heating/Cooling Combined Heating/Cooling 5-20 hp motors
Air Source Heat Pump Air Source Heat Pump 20-50 hp motors
Geothermal Heat Pump Geohermal Heat Pump 50-100 hp motors
Water Heating Water Heating 100-200 hp motors
Interior Lighting Interior Lighting 200-500 hp motors
Screw-in Screw-in 500-1,000 hp motors
Linear Fluorescent Linear Fluorescent 1,000-2,500 hp motors
Exterior Lighting Exterior Lighting >2,500 hp motors
Screw-in Screw-in Facility HVAC
Linear Fluorescent Linear Fluorescent Facility lighting
Appliances Refrigeration Incandescent
Refrigerator Walk-in Refrigeration Fluorescent
Freezer Reach-in Refrigeration HID
Clothes Washer Office Equipment
Clothes Dryer PC
Combined Washer/Dryer Server
Dishwasher Monitor
Cooking Printer/Copier
Electronics Food Service
Personal Computer Ventilation
Color TV Miscellaneous
Other Electronics
Miscellaneous
Pool Pump
Furnace Fan
Other Miscellaneous
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 102
Energy Market Profiles
Description
Energy market profiles describe how customers use
energy in a recent base year
Market profile elements
Market size
Fuel shares/saturations by end use
Unit energy consumption (UECs, EUIs) by end
use/tech
Peak factors
Profile elements are calibrated to match customer
segments’ use in base year from billing system
Key data sources
Market characterization data
Previous potential studies
Global’s previous customer surveys
Prototypes and BESTTM analysis
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 103
Forecast Data and Assumptions
Forecast drivers
Customer growth
Other exogenous variables
Energy prices
Income
Usage elasticities by end use for each
exogenous variable
Technology forecasts
Equipment purchase shares by decision type
Replace on burnout
New construction
Non-owner acquisition
Shares are user defined
Defaults based on trends in EIA’s Annual
Energy Outlook
Incorporate existing appliance/equipment
standards
Will be refined using PNW and Avista data
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 104
Sample Baseline Forecast for Residential Sector
Residential Use by End Use (GWh)
2007 2010 2012 2015 2018 % Change
Avg.
growth
rate
Cooling 2,093 2,128 2,151 2,186 2,227 6.4%0.56%
Space Heating 862 863 864 867 871 1.1%0.10%
Combined Heating/Cooling 883 923 951 989 1,029 16.5%1.39%
Water Heating 482 495 503 515 528 9.7%0.84%
Interior Lighting 858 872 880 840 802 -6.6%-0.62%
Exterior Lighting 215 215 215 202 189 -11.8%-1.14%
Appliances 1,711 1,741 1,760 1,787 1,816 6.1%0.54%
Electronics 578 616 641 679 718 24.2%1.97%
Miscellaneous 412 423 430 441 453 9.9%0.86%
Total 8,093 8,274 8,395 8,506 8,633 6.7%0.59%
Residential Use in the Base Year (2007)Residential Forecast (GWh)
Cooling
26%
Space Heating
11%
Combined
Heating/Cooling
11%
Water Heating
6%
Interior
Lighting
10%
Exterior Lighting
3%
Appliances
21%
Electronics
7%
Miscellaneous
5%
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2007 2010 2012 2015 2018
An
n
u
a
l

U
s
e

(
G
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Combined Heating/Cooling
Water Heating
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Appliances
Electronics
Miscellaneous
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 105
Energy Efficiency Potential
1.Characterize energy efficiency measures
2.Perform economic screen
3.Assemble data for estimating achievable potential
4.Calculate potential
5.Develop supply curves based on levelized costs of each
individual measure (low, medium, high-case potential
differentiations)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 106
Definitions of Energy Efficiency Potential
Technical Potential –most efficient measures are adopted,
regardless of cost or customer acceptance
Economic Potential –only cost-effective measures are adopted by
customers
Apply TRC test
Avista avoided costs + 10% conservation adder (consistent with 6th
Plan)
Achievable Potential
Council’s definition –85% of economic potential at the end of ten years
Other definition?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 107
Estimate Demand Response Potential
Develop revised peak demand forecast
–After savings from EE are applied
Identify capacity-constraint time period
–Winter peak day (cold weather)
–Summer peak day (hot weather)
Identify and characterize relevant DR options (e.g., direct load
control, curtailable/interruptible tariffs, demand bidding)
Estimate potentials
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 108
Estimating Demand Response Potential
Develop baseline forecast by segment
–Peak by segment
–Customer by segment
Program data
–Participants in base year
–Forecast of participants
–Per customer impacts in base year
Assess cost effectiveness
Compute peak reduction
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 109
Deliverables that Feed IRP Process
Report documenting entire study and presentation to Avista (electric
–October, natural gas 2011)
LoadMAP, fully populated for future updates
Updated avoided costs from Aurora available in November as well
as updated load and price forecasts
Updated potentials for energy efficiency and demand response for
final input in model
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 110
Potential Study Timeline
Month August September October Nov Dec Jan Feb March AprilWeek123412341234
Kick-off meeting M
Final work plan t
Gather data
Electricity Analysis
Market characterization t
Baseline forecasts t
EE measure list t
Preliminary potential estimates M
Final potential estimates t
Draft report w/supply curves R
Demand Response Analysis
Market characterization t
Baseline forecasts t
Identify DR programs M
Preliminary potential estimates t
Draft report R
Natural Gas Analysis
EE measure analysis t
Baseline forecasts t
EE measure list t
Preliminary potential estimates tM
Final potential estimates t
Draft report R
Final Report (on all analyses)R, M
Meetings (in-person or webcast)M
Memos, interim deliverables t
Reports R
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 111
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 3 Agenda
Avista Headquarters – Spokane, Washington

Thursday, December 2, 2010
Avista Conference Room 428

Topic Time Staff
1. Introduction 9:00 Storro

2. Transmission (costs & issues) 9:05 Waples

3. Potential Hydro Upgrades 10:00 Wenke

4. Potential Thermal Upgrades 10:45 Graham

5. Lunch 11:30

6. Load Forecast 12:30 Barcus

7. Stochastic Modeling 1:30 Gall

8. Adjourn 2:30

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Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 112
New Resource Integration –Transmission
Executive Level Summary of Avista 2010 Resource Integration Study Work
Scott Waples, Reuben Arts, and the Avista System Planning Group
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #3
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
December 2nd, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 113
Federal Standards of Conduct
Mandatory Federal Standards of Conduct Require That:
No non-public transmission information be shared with the
Avista Merchant Function.
Please note that there are Avista Merchant Personnel in
attendance at this meeting.
Meeting Notices:
This meeting was Posted on the Avista OASIS website on
11/19/2010.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 114
Federal Standards, Requirements, and Risks
Mandatory Federal Standards Include:
No overloads all lines and equipment in service (N-0).
No overloads or loss of load for one element out of service (N-1).
Some relaxation of the above for two elements out (N-2).
Resource Integration requirements (Avista or 3rd party generation)
are the same as those for the general system –all Standards
must be met.
Potential Sanctions:
Up to $1M Per Day Per Occurrence.
Mitigation Plan must be provided and progress demonstrated.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 115
Recent Examples of Avista Construction
Benewah Station:
230 / 115 kV Station with a Single 125 MVA Transformer.
230 kV Connections between the North and South Avista
Load Centers.
230 kV Double Breaker / Double Bus Configuration for
increased reliability.
Benewah –Shawnee 230 kV line:
Completes transmission required for both load service and
the West of Hatwai transfer requirements.
Allows for resource integration in the center and south areas
of the Avista system.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 116
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 117
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 118
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 119
Examples of Future Construction Required to Meet
NERC / WECC Reliability Standards
Moscow Station:
230 / 115 kV Station, single 250 MVA transformer.
Increases capacity to the Moscow / Pullman area and
relieves loading on the Shawnee transformer.
Westside Station:
230 / 115 kV Station, two 250 MVA transformers.
Increases capacity and security to the West Plains area of
Spokane County, and relieves heavy loading on large
transformers in the central Spokane area.
Irvin 115 kV and Associated 115 kV Reconductoring:
115 kV Switching Station and other upgrades to meet
additional load growth in the Spokane Valley.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 120
Westside Rebuild –2 x 250 MVA TransformersAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 121
Moscow 230/115 kV Estimate and Schedule
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 total
Transmission $575,000 $575,000 $1,150,000
Substation $500,000 $1,500,000 $3,000,000 $4,775,000 $2,750,000 $12,525,000
Distribution $25,000 $25,000
total $500,000 $1,500,000 $3,000,000 $5,350,000 $3,350,000 $13,700,000
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 122
Irvin Project Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 123
Avista Non-IRP Generation Queue
Active (see http://www.oatioasis.com/avat/index.html):
Project # 08:
–75 MW, in Facility Study Stage.
Project # 14:
–210 MW, in System Impact Study Stage (SIS).
Project #17:
–100 MW, in Facility Study Stage.
Project # 26:
–42MW, in SIS Stage.
Project # 27:
–10 MW, in SIS Stage.
Project # 29:
–6.5 MW, in SIS Stage.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 124
Non-coincident IRP Interconnection Requests
Potential West Plains / Devils Gap Integration :
Reardan:
–90 MW, 2014
–+60 MW (150 MW total), 2014
Long Lake:
–+ 30 MW (118 MW total), 2018
–+ 60 MW (148 MW total), 2018
–+ 100 MW (188 MW total), 2018
Little Falls:
–+ 4MW (40 total), 2014-2017
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 125
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 126
Non-coincident IRP Interconnection Requests
Potential “Far West” (Big Bend) Area Integration :
Othello Area:
–Up to 100 MW in 2014, 2015, or 2019 (2015
energization is the most probable)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 127
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 128
Non-coincident IRP Interconnection Requests
Potential “Central Area” Thermal or Wind Integration :
Benewah:
–300 MW 2018
Rosalia:
–300 MW, 2018
Potential “East & North Area” Thermal or Wind Integration :
Rathdrum:
–300 MW, 2018
–+ 100 MW (400 MW total), 2018
Sandpoint:
–100-300 MW, 2018
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 129
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 130
Non-coincident IRP Interconnection Requests
Other “Large” Hydro Integration :
Cabinet Gorge (“East”): + 60 MW, 2018
Monroe Street (Spokane): + 20MW, 2018 or +60 MW, 2018
Post Falls (Coeur d’ Alene): + 14 MW, 2018
“Small” Hydro Integration :
Upper Falls (Spokane): + 2 MW, 2019
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 131
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 132
Study Process and Cost Estimates
Study Process:
Avista System Planning does transmission system analysis
using WECC approved “study cases” (which we modify) for
all analyses and uses approved software tools (PTI, GE,
PowerWorld) to “do the math” on various alternatives.
Pre-Engineering Cost Estimates:
Avista Engineering does pre-engineering cost estimation.
Estimates are generally plus or minus 50% accuracy (no
rights-of-way, soils analysis, firm quotes for equipment, etc.).
Transmission integration is often about 10% of total project
costs (but can be much higher depending on where the
resource is integrated).
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 133
Transmission Study Process With Respect to Resource Type
“We (Transmission) Don’t Care”!
Transmission Analysis is “Resource Blind”:
–Wind
–Water
–Gas
–Pumped Storage
–Other
Transmission Integration Costs Will be the Same for
ANY Resource.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 134
West Plains / Devils Gap Area
Necessitates a “Tipping Point” Analysis:
Total potential generation is 4 MW to 254 MW –lots of options!
Voltage Level Analysis:
–How much can be integrated at 115 kV:
o At no cost?
o At a “max 115 kV development” cost?
–How much can be integrated at 230 kV:
o Can it be done with only one 230 kV line?
o What are the costs for one versus two lines?
What are the $/MW costs for the various options?
(Need a map from John…)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 135
West Plains / Devils Gap Area
115 kV Analysis:
4 MW requires no transmission additions (one bookend).
75 MW can be integrated for about $15M.
Requires new 115 kV line and station upgrades.
230 kV Analysis:
254 MW can be added for about $30-$55M (2-230 kV lines).
These costs don’t include the planned 230 kV Spokane Loop.
“All Things Being Equal” $$/MW Comparison:
75 MW @ 115 kV @ $15M => $200/kW
254 MW @ 230 kV @ $30-$55M => $118-$217/kW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 136
“Central” and “East” Areas
230 kV Integration:
Benewah: 300 MW @ about $5M
Rosalia: 300 MW @ about $8M
Rathdrum:
–300 MW @ about $5M (Will require Gen Dropping).
–400 MW @ about $5M (Will require Gen Dropping).
– A concern is “too many eggs” on the Rathdrum Prairie:
o Existing Rathdrum –160 MW.
o Existing Lancaster –270 MW.
o New Rathdrum –300-400 MW.
All studies are post integration of the Lancaster generation
into the Avista 230 kV system.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 137
“Far West” (Big Bend) Area
Othello 115 kV Analysis:
17 MW requires no transmission additions (one bookend).
100 MW can be integrated for between $13-$25M.
Requires new 115 kV line, local 115 kV line reconductor,
and a new POI 115 kV substation (the lower costs require
generator dropping).
230 kV Analysis:
250 MW can be added for about $8M.
Requires a new POI 230 kV substation.
Does not consider contractual constraints on the Walla
Walla –Wanapum 230 kV line
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 138
“North” and Other Hydro
Sandpoint, Idaho:
Sandpoint: 50 MW @ about $2-5M (depending on BPA).
More than 50 MW is probably cost prohibitive.
Other “Large” Hydro:
Cabinet Gorge: 60 MW @ about $2-$10M (Cabinet Gorge –
Rathdrum @ 100 Degrees Centigrade & 115 kV reconductor).
Monroe Street: 20 MW @ about $3M (does not include Metro).
Monroe Street: 60MW @ about $3M (as above).
Post Falls: 14 MW @ about $1M
Other “Small” Hydro Integration :
Upper Falls: 2 MW @ about $1M
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 139
“Off System” Resources
Integration of 100-300 MW:
Potential at Bell, Hatwai, Hot Springs, or Mid Columbia:
Wheeling over the BPA system presently costs $4.4M/year
plus $2.5M/year for losses (@$50/MW-hr) for 300 MW of BPA
transmission service (if it is available). The BPA rate is
expected to increase by about 9% in 2013. A BPA “Lines and
Loads” Study (funded by AVA) is required to determine
capacity in the BPA Grid.
A study similar to the FERC “Market Power Study” is used to
determine at what cost these resources could be integrated
into the Avista Grid. Recent studies have indicated that as
much as $50M could be required for 300 MW of integration
from BPA into the Avista system.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 140
Future Work?
Generic Break Point Studies for IRP / 3rd Party Developers:
“How many MW can we integrate where for about what $$?”
–Main Grid 230 kV Stations.
–Select 115 kV Stations.
Potential Open Seasons:
“Does anyone want to get to the Mid Columbia?”
“Does anyone want to get out of Montana?”
“Does anyone want to get to PAC or IPC?”
Canada –Northwest –California Transmission Project:
“If this project is built, how should we interconnect?”
“What other markets would this project access?”
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 141
Finis
Questions?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 142
Hydro Upgrade Opportunities
Steve Wenke
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #3
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
December 2, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 143
Presentation Outline
Background of Avista’s Hydro System
Looking Back on What has Been Done
Current Upgrade Projects
Other Opportunities
Issues
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 144
Background
Aging hydro system
Advancements in hydro turbine technology
Hydraulic size of facilities
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 145
Avista’s Hydro Portfolio
First project was Monroe Street that came on line in 1891.
“Newest” Spokane River plant is Upper Falls which came on line
in 1920.
The larger Clark Fork River projects were developed in the mid to
late 1950’s
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 146
Aging Technology
Modern turbine designs convert the energy of falling water at a rate
of about 94% efficiency
Combined Cycle Gas Plant –52%
Wind Turbine 40-50%
1960 and earlier vintage hydro plants have efficiencies of abut 88%
or lower
Estimate 80% at Upper Falls
Estimate 85% at Little Falls
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 147
Plant Hydraulic Designs
The older Spokane River Plants were sized based on the needs of
the day
Base loaded energy
Ability to swing output to make loads (i.e. regulation)
Generator island areas (i.e. generator were not networked
together)
The result are plants that are relatively high on the flow exceedence
curves
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 148
The Opportunity
In simple terms, with unit flow capacity (cfs) and plant head (height of
dam) the same, we should be able to improve the energy output of an
older hydro unit by as much as 6% by replacing the old turbine with a
modern designed unit.
In fact, this does vary for each particular site based on the civil works
of the specific dams
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 149
Plant Hydraulic Designs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Upper Falls
Monroe Street
Post Falls
Long Lake
Nine Mile
Little Falls
Modern Design
Target Flows
Flow Duration Curve for Long Lake HED
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 150
Noxon Rapids Upgrades
Variable Efficiency Curves
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 151
New Runner Comparison
Noxon Unit Efficiency
84
86
88
90
92
94
80 85 90 95 100
MW Output
%
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
New
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 152
Looking Back
We have been actively pursuing hydro upgrades since 1989
Monroe Street -1992
Nine Mile Units 3 and 4 -1994
Cabinet Gorge Unit 1 -1994
Long Lake Units 1, 2, 3, and 4 –1994 -1999
Little Falls Units 2 and 4 –1994, 2001
Cabinet Gorge Units 2, 3, and 4 –2001 –2004
Noxon Rapids Units 1, 3 2009, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 153
Character of the Upgrades
Powerhouse Replacement
Powerhouse Refurbishment and Unit Replacement
Runner Replacement
Unit Replacement
Powerhouse Additions
To this point in time, we have not added new powerhouse
additions to existing facilities
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 154
What we have done to date:
Energy (GWh’s)
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
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1992 1994 1994 1994 1994 1996 1997 1999 2001 2001 2004 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2015 2016
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Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 155
What we have done to date:Added Hydro Capacity (MW’s)
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Mo
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Planned
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 156
Summary
Over the past 20 years, we have added 334,000 MWh’s and 120
MW’s of hydro to our system
We are currently planning to add an estimated 49,000 MWh’s and
48 MW’s
There are considerations for an additional 116,000 MWh’s and
176 MW’s
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 157
Current Projects
Little Falls Refurbishment
Nine Mile Redevelopment
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 158
Little Falls Upgrade
Seeking an increase in turbine
efficiency
Current estimated efficiency is
80%
Upgraded runners are expected to
be 85%
Approximately 2 MW improvement
expected
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 159
Little Falls Upgrade
General Scope of work would
include replacement of all of
the old equipment at the plant
–a major undertaking
Photo Showing New Turbine Runners
Being installed in Unit 4 in 2001
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 160
Little Falls Upgrade
Expected additional Capacity –2 MW
Expected additional Energy –8,760 MWh
Estimated Costs - $1.5 million
Other Considerations:
–Much of the existing equipment is at the end of its service life
and will likely be replaced, significantly increasing the scope of
this project work.
–We have yet to explore expansion plans for this site, and may
elect to do so.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 161
Nine Mile Redevelopment
This project is to replace
Units 1 and 2. These are
original 1908 machines and
are no longer repairable.
The basic scope is to
remove the old systems
and install new turbines,
generators, switchgear,
and controls to update the
plant.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 162
Nine Mile Redevelopment
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 163
Nine Mile Redevelopment
Expected additional Capacity –16 MW
Expected additional Energy –11,800 MWh
Estimated Costs - $38 million
Other Considerations:
–This addresses Units 1 and 2. Units 3 and 4 were replaced in
the 1994.
–Sediment buildup in the river needs to be addressed.
–Existing balance of plant equipment is also to be replaced with
this project work
–We just completed a “Obermeyer Gate” installation to eliminate
the flashboard system
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 164
Nine Mile Sediment Impacts
Original Shoreline Main Channel
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 165
Nine Mile Flashboard Replacement
From the 1940’s until last year, we
Would install wooden flashboards
On the dam to get an additional 10
Feet of head. Each spring these
Would be released and have to be
Replaced each year.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 166
Nine Mile Obermeyer Gate
Inflatable Bladders
To control gates
Steel Plate
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 167
Other Opportunities
Upper Falls Runner Replacement
Long Lake Second Powerhouse Addition
Cabinet Gorge Second Powerhouse Addition
Post Falls Refurbishment
Monroe Street Second Powerhouse Addition
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 168
Upper Falls Runner Replacement
Seeking to increase the output
of the unit by replacing the
turbine runner and modifying
the existing draft tube to
improve efficiency.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 169
Upper Falls Runner Replacement
General Scope of Work would
be to remove the old runner,
modify the draft tube, stay
vanes, and discharge area,
and install a new runner
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 170
Upper Falls Runner Replacement
Expected additional Capacity -2 MW’s
Expected additional Energy 8,600 MWh’s
Estimated Costs - $6.8 million
Other Considerations:
–New license conditions have not yet been considered in this
options.
–Would require considerable modification to the existing draft
tube system
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 171
Long Lake Second Powerhouse
Seek to increase plant capacity
by the addition of a second
powerhouse and large capacity
unit
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 172
Long Lake Second Powerhouse
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 173
Long Lake Second Powerhouse
Expected additional Capacity –60 - 120 MW
Expected additional Energy –158,000 –178,000 MWh
Estimated Costs - $120+ million
Other Considerations:
–Impacts of construction to the existing plant
–Condition of small arch dam to be used as a cofferdam
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 174
Cabinet Gorge Second Powerhouse
Seek to increase plant capacity
by the addition of a second
powerhouse and match Noxon
Rapids flow capacity
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 175
Cabinet Gorge Second Powerhouse
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 176
Cabinet Gorge Second Powerhouse
Expected additional Capacity –50 MW
Expected additional Energy –57,000 MWh
Estimated Costs - $115 million
Other Considerations:
–This project would favorably impact the Total Dissolved Gas
(TDG) issue at Cabinet Gorge and is currently under
consideration by the Clark Fork License team.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 177
Post Falls Refurbishment
This would involve removing all of
the old station equipment and
replacing it with new units. The
building exterior would remain
intact
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 178
Post Falls Upgrade
The Scope is to remove the old horizontal units and replace them with
high efficiency and higher capacity vertical units
Existing Horizontal Unit Vertical Unit Configuration
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 179
Post Falls Upgrade
Expected Additional Capacity – 19 MW’s
Expected additional Energy –33,000 MWh’s
Estimated Costs - $75 million
Other Considerations:
–Need to evaluate this plan against new license conditions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 180
Monroe Street Second Powerhouse
The basic project here is to
harness the capacity of the 140
waterfall that the Spokane River
drops in downtown Spokane
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 181
Monroe Street Second PowerhouseAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 182
Monroe Street Second Powerhouse
Expected Additional Capacity – 37.5 MW’s
Expected additional Energy –142,000 MWh’s
Estimated Costs - $95 million
Other Considerations:
–Downtown Spokane and Riverfront Park locations make this a
challenging option
–Would require a significant make over of the western edge of
Riverfront Park, and channel dredging
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 183
Hydro Upgrades –Other Issues
Aging equipment is driving much of the work.
Gaining valuable experience for our work force
Current incentives for REC’s and tax incentives are playing a part
Needs for future capacity
Environmental Drivers
–Total Dissolved Gas –desire to reduce spill at some sites
–Needs for more modern plants with appropriate systems to
avoid possible releases
–Licenses have provided some certainty around investment
opportunities.
–Significant permit time for second powerhouse projects
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 184
Potential Thermal Upgrades
Jason Graham
Generation Engineer
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 185
Overview
•Conversion of Rathdrum CT to a Combined Cycle Power Plant
•Water Demineralization System for Inlet Fogging at Rathdrum CT
•Inlet Chiller at Coyote Springs 2
•Cold Day Performance Software Upgrade at Coyote Springs 2
•Advanced Hot Gas Path Hardware Upgrade at Coyote Springs 2
•Cooling Optimization Hardware Upgrade at Coyote Springs 2
•Wood Fuel Gasification at Kettle Falls Generation Site
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 186
Rathdrum Combustion Turbine
Rathdrum, Idaho
•Two General Electric 7EA Combustion Turbines
•On Line in 1994
•Simple Cycle Configuration
•Approximately 160 MW Combined Output
•Heat Rate of 11,612 Btu/kWh (HHV)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 187
Conversion of Rathdrum CT
to a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 188
Conversion of Rathdrum CT to Combined Cycle
Water Cooled Condenser
Incremental Output Increase: 78.4 MW At 5°F
85.2 MW at 55°F
91.4 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: -3782 Btu/kWhr (HHV)
Variable Operating Costs:$1.50/MWh
Fixed Operating Costs:$15/kWyr
Capital Cost:$71M
Plant Unavailable Time:6 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 189
Conversion of Rathdrum CT to Combined Cycle
Air Cooled Condenser
Incremental Output Increase: 77.9 MW At 5°F
79.9 MW at 55°F
82.4 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: -3626 Btu/kWhr (HHV)
Variable Operating Costs:$1.30/MWh
Fixed Operating Costs:$15/kWyr
Capital Cost:$81.5M
Plant Unavailable Time:6 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 190
Water Demineralizer at Rathdrum CT for Inlet Fogging
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 191
Water Demineralizer at Rathdrum CT for Inlet Fogging
Incremental Output Increase: N/A At 5°F
4.4 MW at 55°F
17.6 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: -67 Btu/kWhr (HHV)
Variable Operating Costs:$1.00/MWh
Fixed Operating Costs:Insignificant
Capital Cost:$1M
Plant Unavailable Time:2 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 192
Coyote Springs 2
Boardman, Oregon
•One General Electric 7FA Combustion Turbine
•Combined Cycle Configuration
•On Line in 2003
•Approximately 279 MW Combined Output (Duct Fired)
•Heat Rate of 6229 Btu/kWh (HHV)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 193
Inlet Chiller at Coyote Springs 2
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 194
Inlet Chiller at Coyote Springs 2
w/o Thermal Storage
Incremental Output Increase: N/A At 5°F
0 MW at 55°F
29.8 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: Insignificant
Variable Operating Costs:Insignificant
Fixed Operating Costs:Insignificant
Capital Cost:$10M
Plant Unavailable Time:3 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 195
Inlet Chiller at Coyote Springs 2
With Thermal Storage
Incremental Output Increase: N/A At 5°F
0 MW at 55°F
32.2 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: Insignificant
Variable Operating Costs:Insignificant
Fixed Operating Costs:Insignificant
Capital Cost:$10M
Plant Unavailable Time:3 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 196
Cold Day Performance Software Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 197
Cold Day Performance Software Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Incremental Output Increase: 17.6 MW At 5°F
0.8 MW at 55°F
1.2 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: Insignificant
Variable Operating Costs:None
Fixed Operating Costs:None
Capital Cost:$4.5M
Plant Unavailable Time:2 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 198
Advanced Hot Gas Path Hardware Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Source: General Electric
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 199
Advanced Hot Gas Path Hardware Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Incremental Output Increase: 8.6 MW At 5°F
8.0 MW at 55°F
7.1 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: -76 Btu/kWhr
Variable Operating Costs:None
Fixed Operating Costs:$3.9M
Capital Cost:$18M
Plant Unavailable Time:None
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 200
Cooling Optimization Hardware Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Source: General Electric
7FA Cooling Optimization Package,
Image removed, GE Proprietary
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 201
Cooling Optimization Hardware Upgrade
at Coyote Springs 2
Incremental Output Increase: 2.8 MW At 5°F
2.6 MW at 55°F
2.3 MW at 100°F
Overall Plant Heat Rate Change: -35 Btu/kWhr
Variable Operating Costs:None
Fixed Operating Costs:None
Capital Cost:$7.2M
Plant Unavailable Time:2 Months
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 202
Kettle Falls Generating Station
Kettle Falls, Washington
•Wood Fired Boiler with General Electric Steam Turbine
•On Line in 1983
•Approximately 48 MW Output
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 203
Gasification of Wood Fuel
at Kettle Falls Generation Site
Nexterra Gasification System
1.Fuel In-Feed System
2.Gasifier
3.Automatic Ash Removal System
4.Syngas
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 204
Gasification of Wood Fuel
at Kettle Falls Generation Site
• Gasification of wood fuel for use in turbines is in it’s infancy
•Difficulty with adequately cleaning the syngas for use in a
turbine
•No reliable data on expected costs or operational characteristics
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 205
Questions?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 206
Load Forecast
Randy Barcus
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #3
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
December 2, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 207
Load Forecast 2011-2035
Outline
Economy
Weather
Price Elasticity
Customer Regressions
Small Sector Forecasts
Large Customer Forecasts
Irrigation and Pumping Sales
Sales Forecast
Load Forecast
Expected Peak Forecast
Load Forecast Scenarios
2
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 208
Real Gross Metropolitan Product ($millions)
History 1995-2010, Forecast 2010-2035
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Real Gross Metropolitan Product (Millions 2000$)Kootenai Real Gross Metropolitan Product (Millions 2000$)
3
Spokane Kootenai
1995-2010 1.84%4.81%
2010-2015 2.83%3.50%
2010-2020 2.68%3.40%
2010-2030 2.52%3.16%
2010-2035 2.47%3.09%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 209
Real Gross Metropolitan Product
Annual Percent Change
4
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spo-RGDP(%)Kot-RGDP(%)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 210
Annual Population—thousands of persons
History 1995-2010, Forecast 2010-2035
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Population Kootenai Population
5
Spokane Kootenai
1995-2010 1.08%2.87%
2010-2015 1.18%2.16%
2010-2020 1.09%2.08%
2010-2030 0.98%1.97%
2010-2035 0.93%1.95%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 211
Population
Annual Percent Change
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spo-Pop(%)Kot-Pop(%)
6
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 212
Annual Housing Starts
History 1995-2010, Forecast 2010-2035
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Housing Starts, Total Private (SAAR)Kootenai Housing Starts, Total Private (SAAR)
7
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 213
Average Annual Non-Ag Employment—thousands
History 1995-2010, Forecast 2010-2035
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Employment (NAICS), Total Nonfarm (Thous.)Kootenai Employment (NAICS), Total Nonfarm (Thous.)
8
Spokane Kootenai
1995-2010 0.94%2.70%
2010-2015 1.62%2.45%
2010-2020 1.31%2.02%
2010-2030 1.00%1.61%
2010-2035 0.92%1.48%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 214
Non-Ag Employment
Annual Percent Change
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spo-Emp(%)Kot-Emp(%)
9
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 215
Average Annual Unemployment Rate--Percent
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Unemployment Rate (%)Kootenai Unemployment Rate (%)
10
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 216
Average Annual Household Income—Thousands $
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spokane Average Household Income (Thous.)Kootenai Average Household Income (Thous.)
11
Spokane Kootenai
1995-2010 3.27%3.07%
2010-2015 3.19%3.13%
2010-2020 3.57%3.59%
2010-2030 3.49%3.42%
2010-2035 3.50%3.36%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 217
Average Household Income—Percent Change
Compared to U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPIU)
-4.0%
-2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Spo-AHHI(%)Kot-AHHI(%)Consumer Price Index
12
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 218
Weather Assumptions
We use degree days (heating and cooling) base 65 degrees
We define ―normal‖ as the average of the last 30 years of actual
data; for this forecast, the period is 1980-2009
We assume the first year (2011) of the forecast is ―normal‖
A gradual warming trend in temperature equal to the University
of Washington ―Climate Change Scenarios‖ 2008 study Average
case converted by us to heating and cooling degree days
http://cses.washington.edu/cig/fpt/ccscenarios.shtml
Spokane HDD 1970-1999 Average 6,848 Spokane CDD 1970-1999 Average 411
Low 1.1 6,547 95.6%Low 1.1 511 124.3%
2025 Computation Average*2.0 6,300 92.0%2025 Computation Average*2.0 593 144.3%
High 3.3 5,944 86.8%High 3.3 711 173.0%
Low 1.5 6,437 94.0%Low 1.5 548 133.2%
2045 Computation Average*3.2 5,971 87.2%2045 Computation Average*3.2 702 170.8%
High 5.2 5,423 79.2%High 5.2 884 215.1%
Low 2.8 6,081 88.8%Low 2.8 666 162.0%
2085 Computation Average*5.3 5,396 78.8%2085 Computation Average*5.3 893 217.3%
High 9.7 4,190 61.2%High 9.7 1,294 314.7%
13
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 219
Price Elasticity
The price elasticity assumptions are unchanged from the prior
IRP
–Residential -0.15
–Commercial -0.10
–Cross-price +0.05
–Income +0.75
We monitor price elasticity estimates for consistency
–Energy Information Administration
–Itron Energy Forecasting Group
–American Gas Association/Gas Forecasters Forum
14
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 220
Customer Regressions
We use annual housing starts forecasts from Global Insight, Inc.
to forecast residential customers—this method is new
–The dependent variable is annual residential customer
additions, the independent variable is annual housing starts
–We forecast Idaho and Washington Schedule 1 customers
using separate models
We use annual residential customer additions to forecast
commercial customer additions.
–The dependent variable is annual commercial customer
additions, the independent variable is residential customer
additions
For very large commercial customers, we add one in 2017,
2021, and 2028 in Washington and one in Idaho in 2025
15
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 221
Small Sector Forecasts
We forecast electricity sales by state, by rate schedule
We produce monthly sales forecasts until 2015, annual to 2035
We define small sector sales in Washington as:
–Residential schedule 1, 12, 22, 32 and 48
–Commercial schedule 11, 21, 28, 31 and 47
–Industrial schedule 11, 21, 31, 32 and 47
–Street Lighting schedule 41, 42, 44, 45 and 46
We define small sector sales in Idaho as:
–Residential schedule 1, 12, 22, 32, 48 and 49
–Commercial schedule 11, 21, 31, 47 and 49
–Industrial schedule 11, 21, 31, 32, 47 and 49
–Street Lighting schedule 41, 42, 43 44, 45 and 46
We define large sector sales as schedule 25 commercial and
industrial in both states
16
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 222
Large Customer Forecasts
We are prohibited from disclosing individual large customer
sales
Sector groupings
–Paper Manufacturers
–Potato Processors
–Lumber and Wood Producers
–Hospitals
–Aircraft Parts Manufacturers
–Universities
–Wastewater Treatment Facilities
–Ammunition Manufacturers
–Cabinetry Manufacturers
–Foundries
–Mines
–Hotels
–Electronic Equipment Manufacturers
–Courthouse/Office Building
All together there are 13 commercial and 18 industrial meter
points
17
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 223
Large Customer Share of Total kWh Sales
Commercial and Industrial Schedule 25
18
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
JA
N
FE
B
MA
R
AP
R
MA
Y
JU
N
JU
L
AU
G
SE
P
OC
T
NO
V
DE
C
AN
N
U
A
L
Sch25 Commercial Sch25 Industrial
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
19
9
7
19
9
9
20
0
1
20
0
3
20
0
5
20
0
7
20
0
9
20
1
1
20
1
3
20
1
5
20
1
7
20
1
9
20
2
1
20
2
3
20
2
5
20
2
7
20
2
9
20
3
1
20
3
3
20
3
5
Sch25 Commercial Sch25 Industrial
Note—the above charts are stacked line
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 224
Irrigation and Pumping Sales
Special Load Analysis
19
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
JA
N
FE
B
MA
R
AP
R
MA
Y
JU
N
JU
L
AU
G
SE
P
OC
T
NO
V
DE
C
AN
N
U
A
L
2011 Irrigation-Pumping/Total Sales
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
19
9
7
19
9
9
20
0
1
20
0
3
20
0
5
20
0
7
20
0
9
20
1
1
20
1
3
20
1
5
20
1
7
20
1
9
20
2
1
20
2
3
20
2
5
20
2
7
20
2
9
20
3
1
20
3
3
20
3
5
Annual Irrigation-Pumping/Total Sales
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 225
Customer Forecasts
20
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
19
9
7
20
0
0
20
0
3
20
0
6
20
0
9
20
1
2
20
1
5
20
1
8
20
2
1
20
2
4
20
2
7
20
3
0
20
3
3
Residential Commercial Industrial Street Lights
85.0%
87.5%
90.0%
92.5%
95.0%
97.5%
100.0%
19
9
7
20
0
0
20
0
3
20
0
6
20
0
9
20
1
2
20
1
5
20
1
8
20
2
1
20
2
4
20
2
7
20
3
0
20
3
3
Residential Commercial Industrial Street Lights
Residential Commercial Industrial Street Lights Total Customers
2000-2010 1.44%1.19%0.94%1.37%1.41%
2010-2015 1.22%1.06%0.90%2.63%1.20%
2010-2020 1.26%1.14%0.85%2.49%1.24%
2010-2030 1.20%1.14%0.72%2.27%1.19%
2010-2035 1.17%1.12%0.69%2.18%1.16%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 226
kWh Use per Average Residential Customer
21
10,000
10,500
11,000
11,500
12,000
12,500
13,000
13,500
14,000
14,500
15,000
19
9
7
19
9
9
20
0
1
20
0
3
20
0
5
20
0
7
20
0
9
20
1
1
20
1
3
20
1
5
20
1
7
20
1
9
20
2
1
20
2
3
20
2
5
20
2
7
20
2
9
20
3
1
20
3
3
20
3
5
Residential
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
90,000
95,000
100,000
19
9
7
20
0
0
20
0
3
20
0
6
20
0
9
20
1
2
20
1
5
20
1
8
20
2
1
20
2
4
20
2
7
20
3
0
20
3
3
Commercial
Residential Commercial
2000-2010 -0.29%-0.50%
2010-2015 -0.49%0.65%
2010-2020 -0.47%0.70%
2010-2030 0.00%0.65%
2010-2035 0.27%0.64%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 227
kWh Sales
Customer Class
22
0
2,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
6,000,000,000
8,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
12,000,000,000
14,000,000,000
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Residential Commercial Industrial Street Lights
Residential Commercial Industrial Street Lights Total Sales
2000-2010 1.11%0.69%0.23%0.53%0.75%
2010-2015 0.72%1.71%2.74%2.49%1.56%
2010-2020 0.79%1.84%2.38%2.32%1.56%
2010-2030 1.19%1.79%1.78%2.03%1.55%
2010-2035 1.44%1.77%1.56%1.94%1.59%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 228
Electric Car Forecast (PIH & PEV)
23
0
100,000,000
200,000,000
300,000,000
400,000,000
500,000,000
600,000,000
700,000,000
800,000,000
900,000,000
1,000,000,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Total Vehicles kWh Consumption
Assumes 2,500 kWh average per vehicle
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 229
Load Forecast in Average MW
24
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,700
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 230
Peak Demand in Megawatts
25
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
1,900
2,000
2,100
2,200
2,300
2,400
2,500
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
3
2
20
3
3
20
3
4
20
3
5
Peak Load Forecast based on Average Coldest Day
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 231
Medium Scenario Growth Rates
26
Energy
2000-2010 0.48%
2010-2015 1.85%
2010-2020 1.72%
2010-2030 1.66%
2010-2035 1.68%
Peak Demand
0.87%
0.76%
1.22%
1.46%
1.55%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 232
Load Forecast Prepared 10 Years Ago
27
For
Forecast
aMW Days
Forecast
MWH
Actual
aMW Days
Actual
MWH
Percent
Difference
2009 Jan 1,362 31 1,013,121 1,272 31 946,653 -6.6%
Feb 1,266 28 850,592 1,186 28 796,895 -6.3%
Mar 1,145 31 851,634 1,121 31 833,848 -2.1%
Apr 1,080 30 777,278 980 30 705,751 -9.2%
May 1,068 31 794,688 952 31 708,039 -10.9%
Jun 1,089 30 783,858 979 30 704,569 -10.1%
Jul 1,070 31 796,388 1,057 31 786,248 -1.3%
Aug 1,074 31 798,938 1,034 31 769,272 -3.7%
Sep 986 30 709,832 968 30 697,305 -1.8%
Oct 1,109 31 825,286 1,014 31 754,464 -8.6%
Nov 1,217 30 875,980 1,106 30 796,630 -9.1%
Dec 1,335 31 993,573 1,321 31 982,507 -1.1%
10,071,167 9,482,181 -5.8%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 233
Forecast Comparisons
28
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
F2011 929 954 989 1,013 965 995 1,013 1,021 1,046 1,069 1,088 1,098 1,082 1,063 1,094 1,109 1,131 1,148 1,165 1,186 1,209 1,228 1,244 1,260
F2010 1,088 1,098 1,076 1,101 1,130 1,151 1,174 1,197 1,216 1,235 1,260 1,278 1,296 1,315
F2009 1,088 1,113 1,119 1,148 1,171 1,188 1,202 1,222 1,252 1,270 1,289 1,311 1,329 1,347
F2007IRP 1,091 1,124 1,163 1,196 1,229 1,255 1,274 1,306 1,325 1,358 1,379 1,399 1,426 1,449
F2006 1,043 1,086 1,122 1,159 1,198 1,232 1,270 1,299 1,327 1,360 1,388 1,417 1,440 1,461 1,491 1,516
F2005 1,029 1,067 1,099 1,122 1,152 1,185 1,215 1,246 1,270 1,296 1,323 1,354 1,379 1,395 1,417 1,447 1,472
F2004 1,000 1,035 1,061 1,085 1,109 1,135 1,164 1,196 1,225 1,247 1,270 1,293 1,327 1,356 1,384 1,412 1,444 1,474
F1999 986 988 971 982 1,009 1,033 1,059 1,088 1,121
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
Av
e
r
a
g
e

M
W

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

l
o
s
s
e
s
Net Native Load
with Electric Cars
F2011 F2010 F2009 F2007IRP F2006 F2005 F2004 F1999
Forecast 2011-2020
Actual 1997-2009
2010 has 9 months actual
2011 Forecast Growth Rates Base 2011
5 =1.63%, 10 =1.56%, 20 =1.60%, 24 =1.63%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 234
Population Forecasts—Then and Now
29
Spokane
County
Census
April 1st
OFM
1995
OFM
2007
Avista
2000
Avista
2010
Decade
Medium
Growth
Rate
Decade
Low
Growth
Rate
Decade
High
Growth
Rate
1960 278,333
1970 287,487 0.32%
1980 341,835 1.75%
1990 361,333 361,333 361,333 0.56%
2000 417,939 417,939 1.47%
2010*470,300 476,400 466,724 449,300 475,646 1.19%
2020 529,451 530,003 1.09%0.54%1.63%
2030 589,623 577,829 0.87%0.43%1.30%
2035 599,873
July 1st Estimates
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 235
Low, Medium and High Growth Scenarios
Global Insight provides us with Medium Scenario economic forecasts
We plan to overlay the 6th Power Plan range for Low and High
NPPC Low 0.8%, Medium 1.4%, High 1.8% for 2010-2030
–http://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/powerplan/6/final/SixthPowerPlan_Ch3.pdf page 3-5
Avista’s 2010-2030 growth rate medium scenario 1.66%
Overlay Low 0.95%, Overlay High 2.13% by ratio method
30
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 236
Stochastic Modeling Assumption &
Methodology Discussion
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #3
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
December 2, 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 237
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
500 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 238
Why Conduct a Stochastic Study
Quantifies the risk (range in prices/costs) of the wholesale
electric market.
Determines range in potential market value of each resource
option.
Determines the range in potential cost to serve customers over
the IRP time period.
IRP’s objective is plan on a resource portfolio that is not only least cost but
at an acceptable level of risk.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 239
Measurements of Risk
Standard Deviation
Mean Absolute Error
Value at Risk
Tail Var “90”
Percentile
Probability
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 240
Market Stochastic Study Variables
Hydro availability
Wind availability
Coal prices
Wood prices
Oil prices
Inflation
Forced outages
Natural gas prices
Weather (load)
Economic growth (load)
Conservation (load)
Carbon legislation
Resource Capital Costs (?)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 241
2009 Mid-Columbia Flat Electric Prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 242
2009 Mid-Columbia Flat Electric Prices
with Individual Normalized Inputs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 243
2009 Mid-Columbia Flat Normalized Electric Price
$0.00
$10.00
$20.00
$30.00
$40.00
$50.00
$60.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
$
p
e
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2009 Normalized 2009 AURORA Backcast
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 244
Hydro
Random draw of 70 historical hydro years.
Avista projects use results of Avista hydro model
Regional projects uses Northwest Power Pool model
Mean: 17,849
Stdev: 2,506 (14%)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 245
Historical Wind Generation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 21 41 61 81
10
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12
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64
1
66
1
68
1
70
1
72
1
74
1
Ca
p
a
c
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t
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F
a
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t
o
r
January Wind Generation on BPA
2007 2008 2009 2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 246
Wind
Use 50 potential wind draws
Each draw will be 8,760 hour shape
Use separate wind shape available for most of the Western
states and provinces
NREL hourly simulated generation data (2004-06) is used to
estimate capacity factors and correlations for non-NW areas
Area CF Area CF
Northwest 31.8%Southwest 28.8%
California 30.6%Utah 29.0%
Montana 37.2%Colorado 32.2%
Wyoming 38.2%British Columbia 33.2%
Eastern WA 30.6%Alberta 34.3%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 247
Wind (Continued)
Regression model using BPA/NREL data
–Uses hour type, month, hour -1, hour -2 for the coefficients
–Northwest: 97.5% R2, 4.7% (CF standard error)
–Random error with normal distribution to create variability
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 248
Coal, Oil, and Wood Prices
Assume normal distribution of annual change in price
Mean prices are based on Wood Mackenzie for oil and coal
Standard Deviations:
–Coal: 10%
–Oil: 25%
–Wood: 10%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 249
Inflation
Based on Global Insights forecast for average and standard
deviation
Average inflation is assumed to be 1.70%, w/ standard deviation
of 1% (59% of mean)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 250
Forced Outages
Historical Outage rates are available from NERC’s GAR Report
–GADS- Generation Availability Report
Data available for Coal, Nuclear, NG, and Oil by size of plant
–Both planned and unplanned outages are tracked
–Data is only available for all plants (no drill down option)
AURORA’s has random forced outage logic
–Uses mean time to repair and annual forced outage rate
–Both matrices can be derived from GADS data
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 251
Historical Monthly AECO Natural Gas Prices
Historical prices have been volatile
Will volatility continue, or will shale gas flatten volatility?
Will there still be boom/bust in natural gas prices?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 252
Natural Gas Prices
Mean natural gas prices are yet to be finalized. Prices will be
finalized by end of 2010 to take into account best available
information for the plan
To model the variability of prices will use a new method for this
IRP.
–Randomize the percent change between month to month
prices based on a lognormal distribution
–This method provides high month to month correlations as
history demonstrates (90%+)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 253
Natural Gas Forecast (individual draws)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 254
Natural Gas Forecast (Statistics 500 draws)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 255
Load (Weather)
Weather variation will be modeled in AURORA with monthly load
variances for 2005 through 2009
Weather is assumed to be normally distributed with standard
deviation for each load area and a correlation to the Northwest
area based on FERC Form 714 hourly load profiles
Further detail on this methodology can be found in prior IRPs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 256
Load (Economic & Conservation)
Weather is not the only driver in future loads, economic growth,
electric cars, and conservation will affect energy demand
Historical load growth is highly volatile (see chart below)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 257
Load (Economic & Conservation)…. continued
Expected load growth will assume Wood Mackenzie forecast
Standard deviation is assumed to be 50% (same as last plan)
100
105
110
115
120
20
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NW Regional Load Growth
100 draws
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 258
Carbon Legislation
No national carbon legislation has been passed
Many western states/provinces have passed some type of carbon
reduction scheme
For this plan..
–5 scenarios are developed based on potential outcomes.
–Each scenario is assigned a weighting
–The weighted average of the scenarios will be the base
forecast
–Natural gas prices and carbon prices will be correlated for
national policy scenarios
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 259
Carbon Legislation Scenarios
1.Western Climate Initiative “WCI” (20% probability)
–No federal legislation, carbon reduction in CA, OR, WA, NM only
–15% below 2005 levels by 2020
–Begins in 2012, regional trading allowed
2.Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative “RGGI” (20% probability)
–No federal legislation, carbon reduction in CA, OR, WA, NM only
–187 million tons per year through 2014, then 10% reduction by 2018
–Begins in 2012, within state trading only
3.National Climate Policy (20% probability)
–Federal legislation only applies
–17% below 2005 levels by 2020, 42% below 2005 levels by 2030
–Begins in 2015, national trading allowed
4.National Carbon Tax (15% probability)
–Federal legislation only applies
–$33 per short ton, than 5% per year escalation
–Begins in 2015
5.No Carbon Reductions (5% probability)
–No carbon reduction scheme
–State level emission performance standards apply and no new coal in US West
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 260
Next Meeting
1.Finalize mean key driver assumptions
2.Implement stochastic modeling methodologies with AURORA
3.Simulate the market future 500 times between 2012-2031
4.Present results for electric market prices and other key results
5.Evaluate the potential of modeling capital costs stochastically
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 261
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 4 Agenda
Avista Headquarters – Spokane, Washington

Thursday, February 3, 2011
Avista Conference Room 130

Topic Time Staff
1. Introduction 9:30 Storro

2. Natural Gas Price Forecast 9:35 Rahn

3. Electric Price Forecast 10:30 Gall

4. Lunch 12:00

5. Resource Requirement Projections 1:00 Kalich

6. Portfolio and Market Scenario Planning 2:30 Lyons

7. Adjourn 3:00

Conference Call Instructions:
1. Please join my meeting.
https://www2.gotomeeting.com/join/717354547

2. Join the conference call:

Dial [phone]
Access Code: 717-354-547
Audio PIN: Shown after joining the meeting

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Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 262
Avista Electric IRP
Natural Gas Price Forecast
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
February 4, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 263
Henry Hub Historical Price Trend
???
Average price: $6.19Average price:
$2.29
Average
price: $4.500
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
US
Dollars
per
MMBtu
End of the
Gas Bubble
Unconventional Inadequacy
The Shale
Gale
Source: Platts.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 264
Brief History of Forecasts
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
$/
D
t
h
Various Henry Hub Forecasts
Nominal $
Oct-06
Feb-07
Aug-08
Dec-08
Dec-09
Dec-10
NPCC 6th
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 265
$-
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
$/
D
t
h
Nymex Forward Prices
Annual Strips
12/1/2006
12/3/2007
12/1/2008
12/1/2009
12/1/2010
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 266
Long Term Natural Gas Price Drivers
DEMAND
Economy
–Industrial
–Power Generation
SUPPLY
US Natural Gas Production
Imports from Canada
OTHER FACTORS
Oil and Coal Prices
Carbon Legislation/Renewable Portfolio Standards
Global Dynamics; LNG Imports (Exports?)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 267
US Natural Gas Demand ForecastAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 268
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 269
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
U.S. Conventional Canada Conventional U.S. Unconventional Canada Unconventional
Actual Projection
North American Natural Gas Production
Bcf/d
Source: EIA & NEB historic data; Encana forecasts
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 270
Shale Gas Economics 101
Bigger Costs. Bigger Volumes.
Conventional Vertical Drilling
Unconventional Horizontal Drilling
and Hydraulic Fracturing
9
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 271
The Shale Drilling ProcessAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 272
BC SHALES
ROCKIES
GULF STATES
MARCELLUS
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 273
Growth in U.S. Shale Gas Production
Source: MIT Study The Future of Natural Gas
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 274
Costs and Volumes –Selected Gas PlaysAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 275
1.Drilling Days - depending on vertical depth and lateral length, a typical 90-
100 day turnaround has been reduced down to 18–45 days
2.Lateral Length - commonly going to about 4,000+ feet horizontal, pushing
beyond 10,000 feet in some wells
3.Wells per Pad/Simultaneous Operations - each pad has up to 8 wells;
simultaneous well work on multiple wellbores
4.Number of Fracturing Stages –1 or 2 stage jobs in the past; now 8-10
stages or more
5.Simultaneous Fracturing –fracturing simultaneous wellbores to achieve
acute stresses and more effective fracs
The Gas Factory
Technology and Efficiency
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 276
Shale Gas and US Production
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 277
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs)
What are they?
Natural gas liquids (NGLs) are hydrocarbons
often found resident with natural gas. They
are recovered as liquids through a
purification process at processing plants.
They include ethane, propane, and butane
and condensate (natural gasoline).
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 278
Canada Exports
Recent Trends
Imports declining slower than anticipated
BC Shale larger and faster than
anticipated
Alberta royalties renegotiated
Lower oil prices have slowed demand for
oil sands production
Historical Trend –Declining Exports
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 279
Oil vs. Natural Gas Relationship
•Strong long term price
correlation historically
•Long term ratio of approx.
8 to 1 (1994-2008)
•Since Jan 2009 ratio has
doubled to approx 17 to 1
•Shale gas could
fundamentally and
permanently change
historic ratio
•Alternatively, increased
demand from low prices
could cure low prices
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
Ja
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-19
9
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9
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9
9
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-20
0
0
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0
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1
0
$/
D
t
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$/
B
a
r
r
e
l
Historical Oil and Gas Prices -Nymex
Oil Natural Gas
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
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9
4
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9
5
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0
0
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0
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0
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0
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-20
0
8
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-20
0
9
Ja
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-20
1
0
Oil to Natural Gas Price Ratio
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 280
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 281
Carbon Policy/Renewable Portfolio Standards
Natural Gas has a critical yet complex role in carbon policy creation
and implementation.
•Numerous complex issues and uncertainties
•Need to balance economic challenges with policy objectives
•Complex issues within cap and trade vs. simpler carbon tax
•Long term role or interim bridge?
Natural Gas also has an important backup role for intermittent
renewable generation sources
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 282
Global Natural Gas Estimates
Source: MIT Study The Future of Natural Gas
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 283
LNG Imports…or Exports?
Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Source: Geology.com
LNG traditionally flows to North America after other higher-priced markets receive their share
Source: Apache LNG
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 284
IRP Price Forecast Methodology
1.Two fundamental forecasts (Consultant #1 & Consultant #2)
2.Forward prices
3.50/50 weighting fundamental and forwards year 1
4.Reduce forwards weighting 10% each year thereafter
5.By year 6, forecast is 50% Consultant #1, 50% Consultant #2
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 285
IRP Price Forecast Components
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
$/
D
t
h
Price Forecasts Henry Hub
Nominal $
Consult 1
Consult 2
Forwards
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 286
IRP Price Forecast –Selected Hubs
Nominal $
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$/
D
t
h
HENRY HUB
MALIN
STANFIELD
AECO
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 287
Electric Market Forecast
(Preliminary Draft)
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #4
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
February 3, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 288
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
500 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 289
Historical Monthly Flat Mid-Columbia Prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 290
Historical Monthly Implied Market Heat Rates
(Mid-Columbia/Stanfield x 1,000)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 291
Western Interconnect Load Growth
Regional Load Growth Source: Wood Mackenzie
1.8%
2.1%
1.4%
0.9%
1.4%
1.6%
Growth Rate
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 292
New Western Interconnect (WECC) Conservation
New
conservation
meets 21% of
Load Growth
Regional Load Growth/Conservation Source: Wood Mackenzie
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 293
Western Interconnect Plug-in Electric Hybrid Vehicles
Assumption
Electric Cars are assumed to be adopted at the Northwest
Power & Conservation Council estimate per the “Case 2” of the
6th Power Plan
–18% of cars by 2020 and 28% by 2030
95% of cars will charge at night and 5% during on-peak hours
PHEV are not assumed to meet electric capacity needs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 294
Natural Gas Price Re-Cap
$7.28- Henry Hub
2012-2031
Nominal
Levelized Price
$6.71- Stanfield
$6.39- AECO
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 295
Western Interconnect Transmission Additions
Additional regional transmission additions are assumed to take
place in the future, these are the additions assumed in the Base
Case market analysis (MW)
–Idaho - NW: 1,500 (2019)
–Canada -NW - California: 3,000 (2018)
–Wyoming - Utah: 3,000 (2015)
–Wyoming - Idaho: 1,500 (2016)
–Wyoming - Colorado: 900 (2013)
–Idaho - Utah: 1,320 (2016)
–N. Nevada - S. Nevada: 1,600 (2015)
–New Mexico - Arizona: 3,000 (2016)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 296
New Resource Alternatives
Western Interconnect
Resource alternatives to meet Renewable Portfolio Standards
–Wind
–Solar
–Biomass
–Geothermal
–Hydro Upgrades
Resource alternatives to meet regional capacity requirements
–Combined Cycle
–Simple Cycle (Aero, Frame, Hybrid)
–Solar
–Wind (non RPS states)
–Nuclear
–Coal Pulverized
–Coal IGCC
–Coal IGCC with Sequestration
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 297
State Renewable Energy Requirements
Western Interconnect
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 298
New Renewable Resources Added for RPS by Type
Western Interconnect
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 299
Location of New Renewable Resources
Western Interconnect
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
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20
1
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20
1
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20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
En
e
r
g
y

(
a
M
W
)
California Arizona Colorado Idaho
Montana New Mexico Nevada Oregon
Utah Washington Wyoming British Columbia
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 300
Generation Greenhouse (CO2) Gas Emissions by
State in the Western Interconnect
AZ
CA
CO
IDMT
NM
NVOR
UT
WA
WY
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
19
9
0
19
9
1
19
9
2
19
9
3
19
9
4
19
9
5
19
9
6
19
9
7
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
Mi
l
l
i
o
n
s

o
f

S
h
o
r
t

T
o
n
s
Source: EPA
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 301
Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Reduction Schemes
Stochastic Case
1.Regional Greenhouse Gas Policies (30% probability)
–State carbon reduction in CA, OR, WA, NM between 2014 and 2019
–~10% reduction below 2005 levels by 2020
–Beginning in 2020 shift to National Climate Policy with 15% below 2005 levels by 2030
2.National Climate Policy (30% probability)
–Federal legislation only applies beginning in 2015
–~15% below 2005 levels by 2020, ~35% below 2005 levels by 2030
3.National Carbon Tax (30% probability)
–Federal legislation only applies
–$33 per short ton, than 5% per year escalation
–Begins in 2015
4.No Carbon Reductions (10% probability)
–No carbon reduction scheme
–State level emission performance standards apply and no new coal in US West
Deterministic Case
–Emissions reduced to the weighted average of four cases above
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 302
Resulting Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Reduction Prices
$59.36
2015-2031
Levelized
Price per
Short Ton
$28.02
$46.48
$00.00
$40.20
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 303
New Resource Selected to Meet Capacity
Requirements in Western Interconnect
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 304
Northwest New Resources (RPS, Export, & Capacity)
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
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20
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6
20
1
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1
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2
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2
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2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Na
m
e
p
l
a
t
e

M
W
Natural Gas-Peaker Natural Gas-CCCT
Geothermal Biomass
Solar Hydro
Wind
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 305
Deterministic Mid-Columbia Annual Average Price
Forecast
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 306
Deterministic Mid-C Annual Avg Price Forecast
Levelized Nominal Prices
Scheme Levelized Price
$/MWh
2012-31
2009 IRP Expected Case (Adjusted)97.60
2011 IRP Expected Case 71.22
Scenarios
Regional Greenhouse Gas Policies 66.91
National Climate Policy 78.94
National Carbon Tax 73.98
No Carbon Reductions 53.70
Weighted Average 71.32
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 307
Deterministic Implied Market Heat Rates
(Mid-Columbia / Stanfield x 1,000)
Actual Forecast
Fo
r
w
a
r
d
s
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 308
Deterministic Greenhouse Gas (CO2) Levels
(US Western Interconnect)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 309
Total Generation Fuel Costs
US Western Interconnect
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 310
“Expected Case” Resource Energy Mix
US Western Interconnect
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 311
Stochastic Modeling Changes From Last TAC Meeting
Assumptions based on methodologies discussed in last TAC
meeting, with some exceptions.
Wind model randomly draws from 15 wind years for each study
year, previous TAC discussed drawing from 50 wind years for
the entire 20 years of each iteration.
Oil and wood price escalation will use lognormal distributions.
Natural gas price methodology is the same but will use historical
month-to-month standard deviation.
Adjustment developed for linking carbon prices to natural gas
prices, no carbon reduction case will have ~10% reduction to
natural gas prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 312
Stochastic Electric Market Prices Compared to
Deterministic
Levelized Prices ($/MWh)
Deter.: $71.22
Mean: $74.48
Median: $73.16
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 313
Range in Market Prices
Annual Flat Mid-Columbia
$0
$25
$50
$75
$100
$125
$150
$175
$200
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
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2
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2
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2
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2
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2
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2
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2
8
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2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
Average Price
Minus One Stdev
Plus One Stdev
Tail Var 90
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 314
Range in US-Western Interconnect Carbon Emissions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 315
Resource Valuations Deterministic vs Stochastic
Example
Combined Cycle 2012 Operating Margin Simple Cycle 2012 Operating Margin
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 316
Next Steps
1.Finalize “Expected Case” study
2.Portfolio Analysis
–Preferred Resource Strategy
–Efficient Frontier
–Resource cost/availability sensitivities
3.Deterministic Market Scenario Studies
–Resource portfolio scenario analysis
4.Stochastic Market Scenario Studies
– Alternative “risk” markets; i.e. no carbon case, gas volatility
–Alternative Efficient Frontier results
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 317
Resource Requirement Projections
Clint Kalich
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #4
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
February 3, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 318
Agenda
Reliability Modeling Update
Avista Reliance on Wholesale Marketplace
Shift from 1-Hour to 18-Hour Peaking Period
Regional Capacity Position
Avista Reliance on Wholesale Marketplace
Avista Resource Positions
Conclusions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 319
Reliability Modeling Update
Completed Advanced Model Late 2010
Sophisticated hydro logic
Weather-dependent thermal logic
Robust representation of hourly loads
Time-series representation of data
Numerous Runs of Reliability Model
Results Indicate Key Assumption is Market Availability
More important than hydro, load, thermal resources
Yet Don’t Really Know What The Broader Market Looks Like
Negates Most Benefits (at least for IRP) of Reliability Model
Therefore a Simpler Approach Was Followed
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 320
One-Hour vs. 18-Hour Sustained Peak
Historically Region (and Avista) Has Planned on One-Hour
Peak Demand Scenarios
Similar to Other Regions in WECC & NERC
Works Great for Thermal Systems Without Fuel Limits
Doesn’t Work As Well for Hydro Systems with a Limited Fuel
Source
Region Has Shifted from a One-Hour Peak to a 3-Day, 6 Hours
Per Day Sustained Demand Event
AKA 18-Hour Sustained Peak Event
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 321
One-Hour vs. 18-Hour Sustained Peak
Affects (Lowers) Hydro Resource and Load Capabilities
No Assumed Impact on Thermal Operations
Except output is affected by assumed peak condition ambient
temperatures
Avista’s Method Relies Substantially on Northwest Power and
Conservation Council’s (“NWPP”) Work
24% Winter and 23% Summer Planning Margin
Compares to 15% assumption in 2009 IRP
Essentially the same as 2009 IRP assumption but operating
reserves are added
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 322
Hydro 18-Hour Sustained Capacity Impacts
Avista’s System
116
2 4
122
7 3 3
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Clark Fork Spokane Mid-C Total
me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
18-Hour Capacity Reduction Summary
Winter
Summer
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 323
Regional Capacity Position
NPCC Winter Assessment
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
20
1
0
20
1
2
20
1
4
20
1
6
20
1
8
20
2
0
20
2
2
20
2
4
20
2
6
20
2
8
20
3
0
Su
s
t
a
i
n
e
d

P
e
a
k

R
e
s
e
r
v
e

M
a
r
g
i
n
With Plan Resources
Hydro Flex
In-region
IPP
SW
Market
Adequacy Reserve Margin
Firm Resource
Reserve Margin
Threshold
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 324
Regional Capacity Position
NPCC Summer Assessment
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
20
1
0
20
1
2
20
1
4
20
1
6
20
1
8
20
2
0
20
2
2
20
2
4
20
2
6
20
2
8
20
3
0
Su
s
t
a
i
n
e
d

P
e
a
k

R
e
s
e
r
v
e

M
a
r
g
i
n
Plan
Resources
Hydro Flex
In-region
IPP
With Plan Resources
Firm Resource
Reserve Margin
Adequacy RM
Threshold
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 325
Avista Reliance On Wholesale Market
Avista Relies on a “Modified” NWPP Load and
Resource Balance
Ignore aggressive conservation assumption
use Wood-Mac forecast of 0.9% regional load growth
No capacity contribution for wind (-250 MW)
10% wind capacity reserves (-500 MW)
Do not plan to interrupt wind at peak
5.5% of Regional Surplus is Available to Avista
Phased out over 10 years
10% reduction per year
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 326
Regional Capacity Position Comparison
(8,000)
(6,000)
(4,000)
(2,000)
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Regional Sustained Capacity Forecast Comparison
NPCC to Avista 2011 IRP
Winter - NPCC Case
Winter - Avista Mod
Summer - NPCC Case
Summer - Avista Mod
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 327
Regional Capacity Position
Winter
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
Regional Sustained Capacity Forecast -Winter
Resources
Avista Share
Load
Load w/Contingency
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 328
Regional Sustained Capacity Position
Summer
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
Regional Sustained Capacity Forecast -Summer
Resources
Avista Share
Load
Load w/Contingency
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 329
Avista Energy Position
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
av
e
r
a
g
e

m
e
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
Loads & Resources
(Average Annual Energy)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Load Load + Contingency Planning
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 330
Avista Energy Position
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
REQUIREMENTS
1 Native Load -1,109 -1,131 -1,148 -1,165 -1,186 -1,209 -1,228 -1,244 -1,260 -1,277 -1,293 -1,310 -1,333 -1,357 -1,386 -1,406 -1,429 -1,452 -1,477 -1,502
2 Firm Power Sales -138 -124 -107 -57 -57 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
3 Total Requirements -1,247 -1,256 -1,255 -1,222 -1,243 -1,214 -1,233 -1,249 -1,266 -1,282 -1,298 -1,316 -1,338 -1,362 -1,391 -1,411 -1,434 -1,457 -1,482 -1,508
RESOURCES
4 Firm Power Purchases 160 160 160 160 160 109 108 88 62 62 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61
5 Hydro 519 525 528 496 496 496 492 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481 481
6 Baseload/Intermediate Resources 755 714 751 744 746 741 724 758 721 721 758 721 721 758 684 515 541 515 515 541
7 Wind Resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Total Resources 1,435 1,399 1,439 1,401 1,402 1,346 1,324 1,327 1,264 1,264 1,301 1,263 1,263 1,300 1,226 1,057 1,083 1,057 1,057 1,083
9 POSITION 188 144 184 179 159 131 91 78 -2 -18 2 -53 -75 -62 -165 -354 -351 -400 -425 -425
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
10 Peaking Resources 153 153 153 138 153 154 153 147 146 145 147 146 145 147 146 145 147 146 145 147
11 Contingency -227 -228 -228 -229 -230 -231 -232 -214 -195 -196 -197 -198 -199 -200 -201 -202 -203 -203 -204 -199
12 CONTINGENCY NET POSITION 113 69 109 88 82 54 12 11 -51 -69 -48 -105 -128 -115 -221 -411 -407 -458 -484 -476
Energy Margin 15%11%15%15%13%11%7%6%0%-1%0%-4%-6%-5%-12%-25%-24%-27%-29%-28%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 331
Avista Winter Capacity Positions
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
18-Hour Loads & Resources
(January Peak)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Regional Market Load
Load + Contingency Planning
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 332
Avista Winter Capacity Positions
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
REQUIREMENTS
1 Native Load -1,661 -1,688 -1,704 -1,718 -1,751 -1,784 -1,814 -1,839 -1,866 -1,892 -1,919 -1,946 -1,982 -2,020 -2,062 -2,094 -2,131 -2,168 -2,208 -2,249
2 Firm Power Sales -238 -237 -207 -157 -157 -7 -7 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6
3 Total Requirements -1,899 -1,925 -1,911 -1,874 -1,908 -1,790 -1,821 -1,846 -1,873 -1,899 -1,925 -1,953 -1,988 -2,027 -2,068 -2,101 -2,138 -2,174 -2,214 -2,256
RESOURCES
4 Firm Power Purchases 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 173 173 173 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
5 Hydro Resources 882 957 973 861 861 872 868 896 887 896 896 887 896 896 887 896 896 887 896 896
6 Base Load Thermals 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 895 606 606 606 606 606
7 Wind Resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Peaking Units 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242 242
9 Total Resources 2,194 2,269 2,285 2,173 2,173 2,185 2,180 2,206 2,197 2,206 2,124 2,114 2,123 2,123 2,114 1,833 1,833 1,825 1,833 1,833
10 PEAK POSITION 295 344 374 299 266 394 360 360 325 307 199 162 135 96 46 -267 -304 -350 -381 -422
RESERVE PLANNING
11 Required Operating Reserves -162 -164 -163 -162 -165 -158 -160 -163 -164 -167 -173 -176 -179 -182 -186 -170 -171 -171 -172 -173
12 Available Operating Reserves 23 42 42 8 8 8 8 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34
13 Planning Margin -233 -236 -239 -240 -245 -250 -254 -258 -261 -265 -269 -272 -277 -283 -289 -293 -298 -304 -309 -315
14 Total Reserve Planning -372 -358 -360 -394 -402 -399 -406 -387 -391 -398 -408 -414 -422 -431 -441 -429 -435 -441 -447 -454
15 Peak Position -76 -14 14 -95 -136 -5 -46 -26 -67 -91 -209 -253 -288 -335 -395 -697 -739 -790 -828 -876
16 Planning Margin 16%18%20%16%14%22%20%20%17%16%10%8%7%5%2%-13%-14%-16%-17%-19%
17 Avista Share of Excess NW Capacity 737 656 565 477 400 326 255 186 115 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 Peak Position Net Market 661 642 579 382 264 321 209 159 48 (35)(209)(253)(288)(335)(395)(697)(739)(790)(828)(876)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 333
Avista Summer Capacity Positions
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
18-Hour Loads & Resources
(August Peak)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Regional Market Load
Load + Contingency Planning
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 334
Avista Summer Capacity Positions
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
REQUIREMENTS
1 Native Load -1,514 -1,556 -1,597 -1,644 -1,673 -1,701 -1,727 -1,748 -1,771 -1,793 -1,815 -1,838 -1,868 -1,900 -1,937 -1,964 -1,995 -2,026 -2,059 -2,094
2 Contracts Obligations -239 -214 -208 -158 -158 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8
3 Total Requirements -1,753 -1,770 -1,805 -1,802 -1,831 -1,709 -1,735 -1,756 -1,778 -1,800 -1,822 -1,846 -1,876 -1,908 -1,944 -1,972 -2,002 -2,033 -2,067 -2,102
RESOURCES
4 Contracts Rights 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82
5 Hydro Resources 904 823 907 864 871 866 887 837 845 864 837 845 864 837 845 864 837 845 864 837
6 Base Load Thermals 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 799 551 551 551 551 551
7 Wind Resources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Peaking Units 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176 176
9 Total Resources 1,964 1,884 1,968 1,925 1,932 1,927 1,948 1,895 1,903 1,922 1,895 1,902 1,921 1,894 1,902 1,673 1,646 1,653 1,673 1,646
10 PEAK POSITION 212 114 163 123 101 218 213 139 124 121 72 56 46 -14 -42 -299 -357 -380 -394 -456
RESERVE PLANNING
11 Required Operating Reserves -153 -156 -159 -160 -162 -155 -157 -160 -161 -163 -165 -167 -169 -172 -173 -157 -156 -157 -159 -158
12 Available Operating Reserves 155 66 171 159 159 159 161 158 158 161 158 158 161 158 158 161 158 158 161 158
13 Planning Margin -227 -233 -240 -247 -251 -255 -259 -262 -266 -269 -272 -276 -280 -285 -290 -295 -299 -304 -309 -314
14 Total Reserve Planning -227 -324 -240 -248 -255 -255 -259 -264 -269 -271 -279 -285 -289 -298 -305 -295 -299 -304 -309 -314
15 Peak Position -16 -211 -77 -125 -154 -38 -46 -125 -144 -150 -207 -228 -244 -312 -348 -593 -656 -684 -703 -770
16 Planning Margin 12%6%9%7%6%13%12%8%7%7%4%3%2%-1%-2%-15%-18%-19%-19%-22%
17 Avista Share of Excess NW Capacity 275 221 178 141 107 78 52 31 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 Peak Position Net Market 259 10 102 16 (47)40 6 (94)(134)(147)(207)(228)(244)(312)(348)(593)(656)(684)(703)(770)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 335
Avista I-937 (Renewable Energy) Position
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
av
e
r
a
g
e

m
e
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
RPS Compliance Position
(Average Annual RECs)
Qualifying Resources Budgeted Resources Purchased RECs
REC Bank Requirment Requirement & Contingency
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 336
Deficits Summary
-1,000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Energy (aMW)
Winter Capacity (MW)
Summer Capacity (MW)
RPS (aMW)
RP
S

-
20
1
6
En
e
r
g
y

-
20
2
0
Su
m
m
e
r

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

20
1
9
Wi
n
t
e
r

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y

20
2
1
Avista 2011 IRP Positions Summary
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Energy (aMW)113 69 109 88 82 54 12 11 (51) (69)
Winter Capacity (MW)661 642 579 382 264 321 209 159 48 (35)
Summer Capacity (MW)259 10 102 16 (47) 40 6 (94) (134) (147)
RPS (aMW)17 25 30 32 (16) (46) (47) (47) (92) (93)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 337
Impact of Resource Positions
Positions Determine Future Resource Needs
Targets are 2016 RECs and 2019 summer capacity
PRiSM Model Selects Resources Necessary to Fill Gaps That
Meet Various Criteria
Each New Resource Option Has Unique Capacity and Energy
Characteristics
e.g., wind “consumes” 10% of nameplate
Gas-fired plants generate monthly based on ambient temperatures
during peak weather events
High and Low Cases Indicate Impacts of Varying Load
Conditions
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 338
Portfolio and Market Scenario Planning
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #4
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
February 3, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 339
Use of Scenarios in the IRP
Scenarios provide details about the impacts of different
planning assumptions
Avista’s current load and resource portfolio
Preferred Resource Strategy
Wholesale electric market
Different resource options
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 340
Scenario Types for the 2011 IRP
1.Deterministic Market Scenarios
2.Stochastic Market Scenarios
3.Portfolio Scenarios
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 341
2011 IRP Deterministic Market Scenarios
Deterministic scenarios test the Preferred Resource
Strategy (PRS) across several different futures
Low and High Gas Scenarios
High Wind Penetration Scenarios
Carbon Scenarios
Western Coal Plant Phase Out Scenario
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 342
2011 IRP Stochastic Market Scenarios
Expected Case –assumes average hydro, load, gas
prices, wind, emissions prices and forced outages
Volatile Fuel Scenario –test higher gas price volatility
Unconstrained Carbon Scenario –determines the
cost of different greenhouse gas emissions programs
Mandatory Coal Retirement Scenario –Western coal
plants automatically retired after 40 years of service
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 343
Portfolio Scenarios
Market Reliance Only
Capacity Only
All CCCT and Wind
All SCCT and Wind
CO2 Credit Allocations
Nuclear Availability (2025)
2009 PRS
National Renewable Energy
Standard
CT& CCCT Tipping Point
Wind & Solar Tipping Point
Nuclear Tipping Point Analysis
Carbon Sequestration
Colstrip Scenarios:
Different O&M charges;
Early Retirement;
Incremental Pollution Control,
(sequestration); and
Railed coal
Others?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 344
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 5 Agenda
Avista Headquarters – Spokane, Washington

Tuesday, April 12, 2011
Avista Conference Room 130

Topic Time Staff
1. Introduction 9:30 Storro

2. Conservation Avoided Cost Methodology 9:35 Gall

3. Conservation 9:45 Hermanson/
Global Energy
Partners

4. Draft Preferred Resource Strategy 11:15 Gall
Portfolio Alternatives & Scenarios

5. Lunch 12:15

6. Draft Preferred Resource Strategy 1:00 Gall
Portfolio Alternatives & Scenarios

7. Smart Grid 2:30 Kirkeby

8. Adjourn 3:30
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 345
Conservation Avoided Costs
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #5
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
April 12, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 346
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
500 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 347
How to Value Conservation
{(E + PC + R) * (1 + P)} * (1 + L) + DC * (1 + L)
Where:
E = market energy price (calculated by Aurora, including forecasted CO2 mitigation)
PC = new resource capacity savings (calculated by PRISM)
R = Risk premium to account for RPS and rate volatility reduction (calculated by PRISM)
P = Power Act preference premium (10% assumption)
DC = distribution capacity savings (~$10/kW-year based on Heritage Project calculation)
L = transmission and distribution losses (6.1% assumption based on Avista’s system average losses)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 348
Efficient Frontier Approach
Assumes no additional Conservation Resources
Portfolio Cost
Po
r
t
f
o
l
i
o

R
i
s
k
Market
$70.50/
MWh
Capacity
$130/
kW-Yr
RPS + Risk
7.38/
MWh
Market Only Capacity Only
Capacity + RPS
PRS Mix
Efficient Frontier
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 349
Avoided Cost Calculation
For 1 MW Measure With Flat Delivery
Item $/MWh
Energy Price 70.50
Capacity Savings 10.51
Risk Premium 7.38
Subtotal 88.39
Item $/MWh
10% Preference 8.84
Distribution Capacity Savings 1.14
T&D losses 6.02
Subtotal 16.00
Avoided Cost:
$104.39
per
MWh
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 350
1
Avista Conservation
Potential Assessment
Electricity
Prepared for
Avista Utilities Technical Advisory Committee
by
Global Energy Partners
April 12, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 351
Topics
Background and objectives
Study approach
Energy efficiency analysis results (electricity)
Demand response analysis
2
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 352
Background and general objectives
Assess and analyze 20-year cost-effective energy efficiency (EE) potentials
Support Avista IRP development
Meet Washington I-937 Conservation Potential Assessment requirements
EE Potential assessment considers
Impacts of existing programs
Naturally occurring energy savings
Impacts of codes and standards
Technology developments and innovation
The economy and energy prices
Assess and analyze DR potentials
3
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 353
Overview of EE analysis approach
4
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 354
Base-year Energy Consumption
Base year is 2009
Most recent year with complete sales and customer data when study began
2009 also base year for Avista load research study
Market segmentation, based on rate classes
Residential (rate class 001), segmented by housing type and income
Single Family
Multi Family
Mobile Home
Limited Income
Commercial and Industrial
General Service (rate classes 011, 012)
Large General Service (rate classes 021, 022)
Extra Large Commercial GS (rate class 025C)
Extra Large Industrial GS (rate class 025C)
Pumping (rate classes 031, 032)
5
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 355
Base-year Energy Consumption
2009 % of sales, Washington and Idaho
6
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 356
Energy Market Profiles
Characterize energy use by sector, segment, end use, and technology
Existing, replacement, and new construction
Accounts for
Naturally occurring conservation
Codes and standards
Previous DSM results
Equipment saturation and fuel shares
7
Residential Energy Use by End Use, 2009
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 357
Baseline Forecast
Incorporates
Customer / market growth
Income growth
Avista retail rates forecast
Trends in end-use/technology saturations
Equipment purchase decisions
Elasticities for retail rates, income, persons per household
Accounts for
Naturally occurring conservation
Codes and standards
Previous DSM
8
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 358
Baseline Forecast
9
Residential, total
Residential, per household
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 359
Baseline Forecast
10
Commercial & Industrial
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 360
Baseline Forecast
11
Overall 48% growth in electricity use.
Average annual growth rate of 1.7%
Comparable with Avista 2009 IRP
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 361
Energy Efficiency Potential
Energy Efficient Equipment and Measures
2,808 equipment options and 1,524 other measures
Avista existing DSM programs
NEEA RTF
Sixth Power Plan database
Other utility programs
Measure characterization
Life
Energy and demand savings
Cost
Year off market (Standards)
Saturation
Applicability / Feasibility
12
Efficiency Level Useful Life Equipment
Cost
Energy Usage
(kWh/yr)
On
Market
Off
Market
SEER 13 15 $3,794 $1,619 2009 2014
SEER 14 (ENERGY STAR)15 $4,072 $1,485 2009 2032
SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)15 $4,350 $1,435 2009 2032
SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)15 $4,628 $1,393 2009 2032
Ductless Mini-split System 20 $8,193 $1,214 2009 2032
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 362
Consistency with Sixth Plan
End-use model —bottom-up approach to understanding savings
Measure life
Stock accounting
Measure saturation and applicability
Accounts for
Naturally occurring conservation
Codes and standards
Measures include those in Sixth Plan (other measures also)
Considers both lost opportunity and non-lost opportunity
Economic potential, based on Total Resource Cost (TRC) test
Achievable potential considers realistic rate at which
technologies can be deployed
Maximum potential in 20 years is 85% of economic potential
13
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 363
Energy Efficiency Potential
Savings could be acquired through a variety of
means
Market transformation, including NEEA
Utility programs
14
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 364
Summary of EE results
Baseline forecast ― 48% growth (2032 vs. 2009)
Achievable potential ― 24% growth (2032 vs. 2009)
Energy efficiency offsets 50% of growth
15
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 365
Summary of EE results (continued)
16
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 8,799,079 9,464,078 10,417,644 11,537,369 12,852,394
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Achievable 49,428 393,796 931,744 1,514,569 2,105,572
Economic 219,482 1,371,691 2,289,256 2,802,046 3,228,731
Technical 301,070 1,967,390 3,327,203 4,116,738 4,697,328
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Achievable 0.6% 4.2% 8.9% 13.1% 16.4%
Economic 2.5% 14.5% 22.0% 24.3% 25.1%
Technical 3.4% 20.8% 31.9% 35.7% 36.5%

Summary of Energy Savings from Energy Efficiency
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 366
Summary of EE results (continued)
17
Summary of Peak Demand Savings from Energy Efficiency
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MW) 1,780 1,881 2,080 2,306 2,567
Peak Savings (MWh)
Achievable 14 80 180 303 424
Economic 53 271 459 563 638
Technical 70 391 654 810 923
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Achievable 0.8% 4.3% 8.7% 13.1% 16.5%
Economic 3.0% 14.4% 22.1% 24.4% 24.8%
Technical 3.9% 20.8% 31.5% 35.1% 35.9%

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 367
Savings by Sector
18
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Residential 25,651 127,984 331,874 606,994 896,296
C&I Total 23,777 265,812 599,870 907,575 1,209,276
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of total)
Residential 52% 33% 36% 40% 43%
General Service 9% 12% 10% 10% 9%
Large General Service 30% 42% 36% 32% 30%
Extra Large GS
Commercial 7% 8% 8% 7% 7%
Extra Large GS Industrial 3% 5% 10% 11% 11%
C&I Total 48% 67% 64% 60% 57%

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 368
Residential EE Results
19
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 3,626,735 3,871,491 4,356,537 4,919,347 5,601,421
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Achievable 25,651 127,984 331,874 606,994 896,296
Economic 89,611 516,797 955,211 1,193,716 1,373,565
Technical 135,783 857,178 1,468,391 1,831,465 2,114,488
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Achievable 0.7% 3.3% 7.6% 12.3% 16.0%
Economic 2.5% 13.3% 21.9% 24.3% 24.5%
Technical 3.7% 22.1% 33.7% 37.2% 37.7%

Savings by housing type, 2022
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 369
Residential EE Results
20
Cumulative Energy Savings by End Use (MWh), Selected Years
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 370
C&I EE Results
21
Savings by rate class, 2022
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 5,172,344 5,592,586 6,061,107 6,618,022 7,250,973
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Achievable 23,777 265,812 599,870 907,575 1,209,276
Economic 129,871 854,893 1,334,045 1,608,330 1,855,166
Technical 165,288 1,110,212 1,858,812 2,285,273 2,582,839
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Achievable 0.5% 4.8% 9.9% 13.7% 16.7%
Economic 2.5% 15.3% 22.0% 24.3% 25.6%
Technical 3.2% 19.9% 30.7% 34.5% 35.6%

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 371
C&I EE Results
22
Cumulative Energy Savings by End Use (MWh), Selected Years
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 372
Avoided Cost Scenarios
23
Economic Potential, Cumulative Savings (MWh)
Economic potential is
69% of tech. potential
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 373
Avoided Cost Scenarios
24
Economic Potential Case, Cumulative Savings (MWh)
55%
69%
76%
80% of technical potential
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 374
Demand Response Analysis
Define the types of DR programs most suitable for
Avista
Determine DR potential
25
Demand Response Program Residential General
Service
Large
General
Service
Extra Large
General
Service
Pumping
Direct Load Control
Mass Market Direct Load
Control x x
Direct Load Control x x x
Other Programs
Demand Bidding / Buyback x x
Curtailable/Interruptible x x
Auto DR / Fast DR x x x x
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 375
Deliverables from CPA analysis
Final report electricity
EE approach and results
DR approach and results
Appendices
LoadMAP models
Gas potential study
26
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 376
Contact Information
Ingrid Rohmund
[e-mail]
760-943-1532
Jan Borstein
[e-mail]
303-530-5195
27
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 377
Preferred Resource Strategy &
Scenario Analysis
(Preliminary Draft)
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #5
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
April 12, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 378
DRAFT
2011 Integrated Resource Plan Modeling Process
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”
500 Simulations
PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”
Efficient Frontier
Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Conservation
Trends
Existing
Resources
Avista Load
Forecast
Energy,
Capacity,
& RPS
Balances New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Stochastic Inputs Deterministic Inputs
Capacity
Value
Avoided
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 379
DRAFT
PRiSM Objective Function
Linear program solving for the optimal resource strategy to meet
resource deficits over planning horizon.
Model selects its resources to reduce cost, risk, or both.
Minimize:Total Power Supply Cost on NPV basis (2012-2052 with
emphasis on first 11 years of the plan)
Subject to:
•Risk Level
•Capacity Need +/- deviation
•Energy Need +/- deviation
•Renewable Portfolio Standards
•Resource Limitations and Timing
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 380
DRAFT
Efficient Frontier
Demonstrates the trade off of cost and risk
Avoided Cost Calculation
Ri
s
k
Least Cost Portfolio
Least Risk Portfolio
Find least cost portfolio
at a given level of risk
Short-Term
Market
Market + Capacity + RPS = Avoided Cost
Capacity
Need
+ Risk
Cost
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 381
DRAFT
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
20
1
2
20
1
3
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av
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s
Loads & Resources
(Average Annual Energy)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Load Load + Contingency Planning
Energy Load & Resource Balance (Includes Conservation)
19 aMW 54 aMW 345 aMW 406 aMW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 382
DRAFT
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
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20
2
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2
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s
18-Hour Loads & Resources
(January Peak)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Regional Market Load
Load + Contingency Planning
Winter 18 Hr Peak Load & Resource Balance
(Includes Conservation)
148 MW 608 MW 779 MW249 MW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 383
DRAFT
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
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8
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9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
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2
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2
8
20
2
9
20
3
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20
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me
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18-Hour Loads & Resources
(August Peak)
Hydro Resources Base/Intermediate Resources Net Firm Contracts
Peaking Resources Regional Market Load
Load + Contingency Planning
Summer 18 hr Peak Load & Resource Balance
(Includes Conservation)
56 MW32MW 150 MW 500MW 667 MW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 384
DRAFT
REC Contingency & Banking
Reserve requirement-Must hold REC reserves in “REC Bank”
each year.
–Sales uncertainty (5%)
–Hydro uncertainty (26%)
–Wind uncertainty (30%)
–Currently 8 aMW
Roll over rights- RECs can be used for prior year or future year.
Plan is to use 2011 REC for 2012, then excess 2012 RECs can
be used for 2013.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 385
DRAFT
WA State Renewable Portfolio Standard Compliance
(Does Not Include Contingency)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
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1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
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2
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2
9
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20
3
1
av
e
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e

m
e
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
RPS Compliance Position
(Average Annual RECs)
Qualifying Resources Budgeted Resources Purchased RECs Used Bank Requirment
38 aMW 82 aMW 88 aMW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 386
DRAFT
Actual Efficient Frontier Results
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
$100
$450 $500 $550 $600 $650 $700
20

Y
r

L
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v
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A
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Po
w
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S
u
p
p
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y

S
t
d
e
v
20 Yr Levelized Annual Power Supply Rev. Req.
Capacity
Only
Least
Cost
Least
Risk
PRS
Market
Only
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 387
DRAFT
Actual Efficient Frontier Results As a Percent of
Market Only Portfolio
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%
20

Y
r

L
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v
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i
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A
n
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a
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Po
w
e
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S
u
p
p
l
y

S
t
d
e
v

P
e
r
c
e
n
t

C
h
a
n
g
e

C
o
m
p
a
r
e
d

t
o

Ma
r
k
e
t

O
n
l
y
20 Yr Levelized Annual Power Supply Rev. Req. Percent Change
Compared to Market Only
Capacity
Only
Least
Cost
Least
Risk
PRS
Market
Only
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 388
DRAFT
2009 Draft Preferred Resource Strategy
Year Ending Resource
2012 150 MW NW Wind (48 aMW)
2013-2015 Little Falls Unit Upgrades (0.9 aMW)
2019 150 MW NW Wind (50 aMW)
2019 Combined Cycle CT (250 MW)
2020 Upper Falls Upgrade (1 aMW)
2022 50 MW NW Wind (17 aMW)
2024 Combined Cycle CT (250 MW)
2026/27 Combined Cycle CT (250 MW)
2010+Distribution Feeder Upgrades (2.7 aMW by 2029)
2010+Conservation (226 aMW by 2029)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 389
DRAFT
2011 Draft Preferred Resource Strategy
Year Ending Resource
2012 Wind (~42 aMW REC)
2018 Simple Cycle CT(~83 MW)
2020 Simple Cycle CT (~83 MW)
2018-2019 Thermal Upgrades (~ 7 MW)
2018-2019 Wind (~43 aMW REC)
2023 Combined Cycle CT (~ 270 MW)
2026/27 Combined Cycle CT (~270 MW)
2029 Simple Cycle CT (~46 MW)
2012+Distribution Feeder Upgrades (13 aMW by 2031)
2012+Conservation (310 aMW by 2031)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 390
DRAFT
2011 IRP Comparison to 2009 IRP
2019: CCCT Replaced With Two CTs Over 3 Years
2012: Less Wind (42 aMW vs. 48 aMW)
2024/2027: CCCT Need Remains
2020: Less Wind (43 aMW vs. 50 aMW)
2022: Wind Need Eliminated (-17 aMW)
2030: Additional 46 MW CT
84 aMW Increased Conservation Over 20 Years
10 aMW Increased Distribution Losses Savings over 20 years
Changes in Hydro Upgrade Assumptions
–Little Falls in-kind replacement instead of upgrade
–Upper Falls upgrade removed pending further study
Upper Falls upgrade deferred to next IRP
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 391
DRAFT
Winter Capacity Load and Resources
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
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20
1
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s
Market
New Simple Cycle CC
New Combined Cycle CC
New Wind
Other
Distribution Efficiency
Existing Resources
Load w/o DSM+PM
Load w/ DSM+PM
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 392
DRAFT
Summer Capacity Load and Resources
UPDATE
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
20
1
2
20
1
3
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1
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me
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s
Market
New Simple Cycle CC
New Combined Cycle CC
New Wind
Other
Distribution Efficiency
Existing Resources
Load w/o DSM+PM
Load w/ DSM+PM
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 393
DRAFT
Annual Average Energy Load and Resources
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
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20
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20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
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2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
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20
2
9
20
3
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20
3
1
av
e
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a
g
e

m
e
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a
w
a
t
t
s
New Simple Cycle CC
New Combined Cycle CC
New Wind
Other
Distribution Efficiency
Existing Resources
Load w/o DSM+Cont.
Load w/ DSM+Cont.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 394
DRAFT
I-937 Table (aMW REC)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Beginning Bank 17 7 19 19 42 47 51 55 59 36
Requirement 0 (19)(19)(19)(19)(59)(59)(60)(60)(101)(102)
Current Available 17 23 26 28 28 22 22 22 22 22 22
New Qualifying RECs 0 0 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 57 85
Sold Qualifying RECs 0 (14)(37)(50)(28)0 0 0 0 0 (5)
End Bank 17 7 19 19 42 47 51 55 59 36 36
Contingency Bank 0 7 8 8 8 23 23 23 23 36 36
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031
Beginning Bank 36 36 36 36 39 42 43 44 43 42
Requirement (103)(103)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)
Current Available 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
New Qualifying RECs 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
Sold Qualifying RECs (5)(4)(4)(0)0 0 0 0 0 0
End Bank 36 36 36 39 42 43 44 43 42 39
Contingency Bank 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 39 39
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 395
DRAFT
Preferred Resource Strategy Annual Costs per MWh
Expected Market Conditions (80% Credit Allocation)
(Includes all Power Supply Costs except Capital Plant in Rate Base)
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
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20
1
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1
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20
2
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2
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2
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2
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2
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2
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2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 396
DRAFT
Preferred Resource Strategy Annual Costs per MWh
No Carbon Legislation
(Includes Power Supply Costs except Capital Plant in Rate Base)
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
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1
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20
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2
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$
p
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M
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h
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 397
DRAFT
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (millions of short tons)
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
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1
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To
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s
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
New Resources
Existing Resources
Tons per MWh of Load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 398
DRAFT
Greenhouse Gas Cost
UPDATE
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
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20
3
0
20
3
1
In
c
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
l

A
n
n
u
a
l

C
o
s
t

o
f

C
a
r
b
o
n

Le
g
i
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
0% Allocation
25% Allocation
50% Allocation
Base Case (Declining 80%)
100% Allocation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 399
DRAFT
PRS Capital Requirements (millions $)
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Cu
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e

A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n

t
o

R
a
t
e

B
a
s
e
An
n
u
a
l

A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n

t
o

R
a
t
e

B
a
s
e
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 400
DRAFT
Alternative Strategies Comparison
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
-15%-10%-5%0%5%10%15%
An
n
u
a
l

L
e
v
e
l
i
z
e
d

2
0

y
r

S
t
d
e
v

a
s

P
e
r
c
e
n
t

Ch
a
n
g
e

c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d

t
o

P
R
S
Annual 20 yr Levelized Cost Percent Change as Compared to PRS
National RES
125% of AC for DSM
CCCT/Wind/Solar post '20
150%of AC for DSM
No DSM PRS "like"
PRS-but no Wind
Pay 75%of AC for DSM
PRS No Appr. RECPRS
Efficient Frontier
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 401
DRAFT
Capital Expenditures (Alternative Portfolios)
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
Capacity Only
PRS No Wind
Least Cost
Very High DSM
PRS
Low DSM
High DSM
PRS No Apprentice …
Mid-High risk
Mid Risk
Colstrip Retire 2025
CCCT/Wind
Mid-Low Risk
CCCT-Wind-Solar
National RES
No DSM
Low Risk
Least Risk
Nominal Capital Cost (Millions)
First 10 Years
Last 10 Years
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 402
DRAFT
Base Case Efficient Frontier Compared to No Carbon
Costs Efficient Frontier
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
$100
$450 $500 $550 $600 $650 $700
20

Y
r

L
e
v
e
l
i
z
e
d

A
n
n
u
a
l
Po
w
e
r

S
u
p
p
l
y

S
t
d
e
v
20 Yr Levelized Annual Power Supply Rev. Req.
Capacity
Only
Least Cost
Least
Risk
PRS
Market
Only
Least
Cost
Least
Risk
PRS
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 403
DRAFT
Power Supply Cost Expected and Historical Growth
Index
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
20
0
0
20
0
2
20
0
4
20
0
6
20
0
8
20
1
0
20
1
2
20
1
4
20
1
6
20
1
8
20
2
0
20
2
2
20
2
4
20
2
6
20
2
8
20
3
0
Po
w
e
r

S
u
p
p
l
y

C
o
s
t

I
n
d
e
x

Re
a
l

$

(
2
0
1
2

=

1
0
0
)
Historical Energy Crisis
Expected Case Forecast Unconstrained Carbon Forecast
Linear (Historical)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 404
DRAFT
Resource Cost Tipping Point Analysis
Target
Resource
Capital
Cost ($/kW)
Required
Cost to be
Selected
($/kW)
Percent
Reduction
CCCT to replace SCCT to be
least cost (2024)
$1,609 $1,255 -22%
Wind shift to Solar (2020)
(2x REC included)
$4,371 $2,052 -53%
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 405
Market Scenario Analysis Update
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 406
DRAFT
Mid-Columbia Electric Price Forecast
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
Expected Case Stochastic Expected Case Deterministic
National Cap & Trade National Carbon Tax
Regional Carbon Policy No Carbon Policy
Low Natural Gas Prices High Natural Gas Prices
Coal Plant Retirement
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 407
DRAFT
US WECC GHG Emissions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Mi
l
l
i
o
n
s

o
f

G
H
G

T
o
n
s
Expected Case Deterministic National Cap & Trade
National Carbon Tax Regional Carbon Policy
No Carbon Policy Low Natural Gas Prices
High Natural Gas Prices Coal Plant Retirement
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 408
DRAFT
Next Steps
Obtain internal feedback and approvals of Preferred Resource
Strategy
Compare alternative resource portfolios using alternative market
conditions
Compare efficient frontier analysis with additional stochastic
market analysis (i.e. coal plant retirement/Volatile NG)
Further investigate Demand Response cost/benefits
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 409
Smart Grid Project Overview
TAC Meeting –April 12, 2011
Curtis Kirkeby, P.E.
Sr. Electrical Engineer –SGDP Principal Investigator
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 410
Avista Smart Grid Grants
4
Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG)
•Automated switching
devices
•Larger wire
•Energy saving
electronic devices
Spokane, WA
Smart Grid Demonstration Project (SGDP)
Pullman, WA
Smart Grid Workforce Training Grant
Jack Stewart Training Center - Spokane, WA
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 411
Five state partnership:Industry, Education, Labor
Benefits to Our Region –
Local facility to train on new technology
Leverage training needs of other Avista grants; build new curriculum
Federal dollars to update existing training and facilities to up-skill current
and future workers
Award:$5.0 m over 3 years
Avista portion of award:$1.3 m over 3 years
Grant Partner match $6.8 m over 3 years
16
Smart Grid Workforce Training GrantAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 412
Smart Grid Training Delivery
Smart Grid Training Portal
Share Best Practices on Smart Grid Training
“Create an
effective and
efficient electric
power workforce
proficient in
smart grid
competencies”
18
Grant ObjectivesAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 413
Construct a training substation for training on smart grid
technology
Update training programs to incorporate smart grid
technology
On-line curriculum to be shared by utilities and colleges
19
Avista ObjectivesAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 414
•Target
•59 Distribution Circuits
•110,000 Electric Customers
•14 Substations
Loss Reduction –42,000 Mega watt hours/Year
Green House Gas Reduction: 14,000 Tons
2500 Homes/Year
5
SGIG –Spokane, WAAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 415
4,385
34,839
2,827
Capacitors
Conservation Voltage Reduction
Reconductor
Carbon Reduction: 14,360 Tons a year.
•$50/Ton to Sequester
•$718,000/year.
SGIG –Benefits
Savings
(MWh)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 416
Communication:
•Wireless to Field Devices
•Fiber to Substations
Field Equipment
•Switches and Reclosers
•Capacitor Banks
•Voltage Regulators
Distribution Management System (DMS)
•Remotely Control and Operate Distribution
Equipment
•Continually Analyzing the System for
Optimization
•Automated Fault Detection Isolation and
Restoration
6
SGIG –Enabling TechnologiesAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 417
15.59 10
50
2716.56
52
141
94
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Reconductor
(miles)
Viper Scadamate Caps
Distribution Construction
To Be Completed Completed
1
129
18
120 125
10
13
27
115
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Substation
Complete To Be Completed
8
SGIG –ConstructionAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 418
$-
$50.0
$100.0
$150.0
$200.0
NWSG SGDP
$89.0
$18.9
$89.0
$14.9
$4.0
Partners
AVA
NWSG
DOE
9
SGDP –Demonstration ProjectAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 419
Battelle
NW
Bonneville
Power
Administration 3 Tier
Areva
IBM
Netezza
Quality LogicUtility Partners
Avista
Benton PUD
City of Ellensburg
Flathead Electric
Idaho Falls Power
Lower Valley Energy
Milton-Freewater
Northwestern Energy
Peninsula Light
PGE
Seattle City Light (UW)
Smart Grid
National
Energy
Technology
Laboratory
10
SGDP –Regional PlayersAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 420
3 substations
Regulator controls
Reclosers/relays
13 circuits
45 automated line switches & reclosers
20 switched and fixed capacitor
Fault Indicators
Low loss transformers w/
communications
Wireless & fiber communications
11
SGDP –System ElementsAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 421
≈ 14,000 Residential / Commercial Electric Meters
≈ 6000 Residential / Commercial Gas Meter Registers
Wireless Communication w/ Fiber Backhaul
Remote Service Switch
Back Office Software Systems
12
SGDP –Itron Open Way AMIAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 422
Customer Web Portals
13
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 423
In-Home Displays
14
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 424
Transactional
Signal Engine
Value Wind/Solar
Forecasting
Regional
Generation
Responsive
Assets
Pullman
Area
Load
Value Signal
Response SignalInternet
15
SGDP –Transactional Signal
•WSU Air Handlers
•WSU Chillers
•WSU Generators
•Residential Set
back Thermostat
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 425
15
SGDP –Construction
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
14%
0%0%
25%
82%
0%
67%
0%0%
% Complete
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 426
15
Smart Grid Energy Impacts
SGIG (MWh)SGDP (MWh)
Year Cumulative I-937 Cumulative I-937
2010 1500 1500 0 0
2011 7212 5712 286 286
2012 42051 34839 286 0
2013 42051 0 6763 6477
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 427
15
Future Programs
FEEDERREBUILDS
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 428
Primary Goals
Reconductor
Approximately 4 miles of 3 phase trunk
Approximately 5 miles of lateral
Transformer replacement
~320 OH transformers w. Wildlife Guards
~12 Submersibles
Wood pole management follow up
Vegetation Management
Open Wire Secondary
9th and Central 12F4 (9CE12F4) -2009Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 429
9CE12F4 ReconductorAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 430
Good opportunity to move facilities
where it makes sense for reliability
and future maintenance and access
9CE12F4 RealignmentAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 431
•All pre-2004 OH transformers replaced with new high
efficiency units
•Lower core losses account for ~31 ave. kW
9CE12F4 Transformer ReplacementAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 432
54 total transformers with Open Wire secondary
9CE12F4 Open Wire SecondaryAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 433
•Clear understanding of the state of facility
•Understanding of work & resource staging
•Understanding of volt/var and voltage reduction
opportunity
•Baseline for savings validation
•Future rebuilds are warranted
9CE12F4 OutcomeAvista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 434
15
Future Programs
FEEDERREBUILDS
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 435
15
Feeder Rebuilds
•Detailed analysis has been completed for six feeders
•Results extrapolated to the remaining feeders
•The top 60 feeders targeted for energy savings in IRP
•Schedule is being developed based on resource
availability
•Rebuilds to begin in 2013
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 436
Questions?
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 437
Avista’s 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting No. 6 Agenda
Avista Headquarters – Spokane, Washington

Thursday, June 23, 2011
Avista Conference Room 130

Topic Time Staff
1. Introduction 9:30 Storro

2. High Wind Market Analysis 9:35 Kalich

3. PRS & Scenario Analysis 10:15 Gall

4. IRP Action Items 11:15 Lyons

5. IRP Section Highlights 11:45 Kalich

6. Lunch 12:15

7. Adjourn

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 438
High Wind Market Analysis
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #6
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
June 23, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 439
Pacific Northwest wind fleet by
balancing authority (~5,200 MW)
2/3 of NW wind fleet is on BPA system
–10,500 MW peak load
–80% exported to other utilities
–BPA balance authority forecast
•5,250 MW in 2012
•8,700 MW in 2020
Wind Turbines Are Getting Bigger
17 m
47 m
80 m
100 m
115 m
19
8
5
19
9
9
20
0
3
20
1
0
St
a
t
e
-of
-
Ar
t
Wind Turbine
Rotor Diameter
Bonneville ~3,500 MW
PacifiCorp ~1,400 MW
Puget Sound Energy *275 MW
Avista 35 MW
* PSE has 430 MW of wind, 155 MW is in Bonneville’s balancing area
Northwest Wind Facts
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 440
NW Wind Exports (MW)
NW Wind Fleet Locations
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
WA OR ID MT
1,876 MW
37%of Fleet
Northwest Wind Resource Locations & Exports
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 441
Source: RNP.org
Northwest Wind Fleet Locations
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 442
Northwest Wind Capacity Past and Future
Historical data provided by RNP website
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
19
9
8
19
9
9
20
0
0
20
0
1
20
0
2
20
0
3
20
0
4
20
0
5
20
0
6
20
0
7
20
0
8
20
0
9
20
1
0
20
1
1
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
Me
g
a
w
a
t
t
s
2011 IRP Forecast
MT
ID
OR
WA
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 443
Understand impact to the power system with more than
forecasted amount of wind generation
Uses IRP Expected Case for 2015
Adjust model to allow for negative pricing using -$40/MWh for
Northwest hydro projects and -$10 to -$30/MWh for wind projects
Run 100 iterations for each of these scenarios
–Add 2,000 MW of wind
–Add 5,000 MW of wind
–Add 10,000 MW of wind
Study Scope
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 444
Negative Price Impact to IRP Expected Case Market
Forecast
$40
$45
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
IRP Expected Case
Expected Case w/ Negative Prices
Annual price change is -0.3%, Q2 would be 2.2% lower
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 445
-45%
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
Ja
n
Fe
b
Ma
r
Ap
r
Ma
y
Ju
n
Ju
l
Au
g
Se
p
Oc
t
No
v
De
c
An
n
u
a
l
Pe
r
c
e
n
t

C
h
a
n
g
e
+ 2,000 MW
+ 5,000 MW
+ 10,000 MW
Wind Scenarios: Change to Monthly Average Mid-
Columbia Electric Prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 446
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
Expected Case + 2,000 MW + 5,000 MW + 10,000 MW
nu
m
b
e
r

o
f

h
o
u
r
s
10th percentile
Avg
Median
90th percentile
Wind Scenarios: Change to Occurrences of Negative
Prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 447
Wind Scenarios: Negative Price Duration Curve
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
0.
0
%
0.
5
%
1.
0
%
1.
5
%
2.
0
%
2.
5
%
3.
0
%
3.
5
%
Percent of Hours in Year
Expected Case + 2,000 MW
+ 5,000 MW + 10,000 MW
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 448
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Hydro
Portfolio
Colstrip Coyote
Springs 2
Boulder Park Rathdrum CT
Pe
r
c
e
n
t

C
h
a
n
g
e
+ 2,000 MW
+ 5,000 MW
+ 10,000 MW
Wind Scenarios: Change to Avista Plant Operating
Margins
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 449
Preferred Resource Strategy &
Scenario Analysis
James Gall
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #6
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
June 23, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 450
Natural Gas Price Forecast (Henry Hub)
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Do
l
l
a
r
s

p
e
r

D
e
c
a
t
h
e
r
m
Expected Case Consultant 1 Consultant 2 Market
$7.30
$8.87
$5.93
Nominal
Levelized
Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 451
Expected Case: Mid-Columbia Electric Price Forecast
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
$180
$200
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
20
1
2
-31
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
90th Percentile
10th Percentile
TailVar 90
Mean
20 Year Levelized Price of $70.50 ($54 to $87) per MWh
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 452
Mid-Columbia Electric Price Forecast
Nominal 20 year Levelized Prices
$70.50
$77.94
$72.34
$65.37
$50.18
$0.00
$20.00
$40.00
$60.00
$80.00
$100.00
Expected
Case
National Cap
& Trade
National
Carbon Tax
Regional
Carbon Policy
No Carbon
Policy
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
Scenarios are deterministic study results
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 453
Western Interconnect Greenhouse Gas Forecast
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Mi
l
l
i
o
n
s

o
f

S
h
o
r
t

T
o
n
s
National Cap & Trade
National Carbon Tax
Regional Carbon Policy
No Carbon Policy
Expected Case
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 454
Mandatory Coal Retirement Scenario
Coal plants are to be phased out after 40 years of life.
No greenhouse gas penalties
Uses Expected Case’s natural gas forecast
Modeled stochastically using 500 iterations
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 455
Mid-Columbia Electric Price Forecast
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
Coal Mandaotory Retirement
Expected Case
National Cap & Trade
Unconstrained Carbon Case
$77.94
$70.50
$57.01
$52.86
Levelized
Cost
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 456
Greenhouse Gas and Costs of Carbon Mitigation
Scenarios
Market Scenario
Change to
GHG
Emissions
From 2012
by 2031
Added
Levelized
Cost per Year
(Billions)
Unconstrained GHG Gas Case 14%0.0
Expected Case -18%3.5
Coal Mandatory Retirement -22%8.1
National Cap & Trade -29%4.9
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 457
Mid-Columbia Price Forecast with
Natural Gas Price Sensitivities
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
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20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
$
p
e
r

M
W
h
High Natural Gas Prices
Expected Case
Low Natural Gas Prices
$70.50
$82.17
$57.00
Nominal
Levelized
Costs
All cases have the same greenhouse reduction goal, but have different prices
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 458
2011 Draft Preferred Resource Strategy
Year Ending Resource
2012 Wind (~42 aMW REC)
2018 Simple Cycle CT(~83 MW)
2020 Simple Cycle CT (~83 MW)
2018-2019 Thermal Upgrades (~ 7 MW)
2018-2019 Wind (~43 aMW REC)
2023 Combined Cycle CT (~ 270 MW)
2026/27 Combined Cycle CT (~270 MW)
2029 Simple Cycle CT (~46 MW)
2012+Distribution Feeder Upgrades (13 aMW by 2031)
2012+Conservation (310 aMW by 2031)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 459
Conservation Projection
0
88
175
263
350
0
5
10
15
20
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
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20
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20
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Avista
Regional (NEEA)
Cumulative
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 460
Avista Resource’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions
-
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
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9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
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20
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l
i
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s
GHG Reduction due to Legislation
New Resources
Existing Resources
Tons per MWh of Load
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 461
Efficient Frontier
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
$100
$450 $500 $550 $600 $650 $700
20

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20 Yr Levelized Annual Power Supply Rev. Req.
Capacity
Only
Least
Cost
Least
Risk
PRS
Market
Only
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 462
Efficient Frontier with Alternative Greenhouse Gas
Methodologies
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
$95
$100
$450 $500 $550 $600 $650 $700
20

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.

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20 Yr Levelized Annual Power Supply Rev. Req.
Expected Case Unconstrained CO2 Case Mandatory Coal Retirement Future
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 463
Greenhouse Gas Methodologies Summary
Expected Case
Unconstrained
Carbon
Coal
Retirement
2012-2022 Cost NPV 3,094 2,886 2,937
2012-2031 Cost NPV 5,735 5,168 5,458
2022 Expected Cost 636 564 576
2022 Stdev 91 68 71
2022 Stdev/Cost 14%12%12%
2022 CO2 Emissions (000’s)2,894 3,498 3,752
2031 CO2 Emissions (000’s)2,972 4,177 3,560
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 464
Power Supply Cost/MWh Index
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
20
0
0
20
0
2
20
0
4
20
0
6
20
0
8
20
1
0
20
1
2
20
1
4
20
1
6
20
1
8
20
2
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20
2
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(
2
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=

1
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)
Historical Energy Crisis
Expected Case Forecast Unconstrained Carbon Forecast
Linear (Historical)
4.1% + Inflation
3.8% + Inflation
2.6% + Inflation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 465
Power Supply Costs with Alternative Natural Gas
Prices (Preferred Resource Strategy)
-$400
-$300
-$200
-$100
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
20
1
2
20
1
3
20
1
4
20
1
5
20
1
6
20
1
7
20
1
8
20
1
9
20
2
0
20
2
1
20
2
2
20
2
3
20
2
4
20
2
5
20
2
6
20
2
7
20
2
8
20
2
9
20
3
0
20
3
1
Mi
l
l
i
o
n
s
5th Percentile
95th Percentile
High Gas Price Scenario
Low Gas Price Scenario
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 466
Efficient Frontier vs Alternative Portfolios
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
-15%-10%-5%0%5%10%15%
An
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2
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c
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p
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d

t
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P
R
S
Annual 20 yr Levelized Cost Percent Change as Compared to PRS
National RES
125% of AC for DSM
CCCT/Wind/Solar post '20
150%of AC for DSM
No DSM PRS "like"
PRS-but no Wind
Pay75%of AC for DSM
PRS No Appr. RECPRS
Efficient Frontier
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 467
Load Growth Sensitivities
Base Case Low Load
Growth
High Load
Growth
Levelized Cost $/MWh 49.75 44.11 54.86
1 Sigma Lower 42.67 36.99 47.80
1 Sigma Higher 56.83 51.23 61.92
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$/
M
W
h
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
Low Load Forecast Expected Case High Load Forecast
an
n
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l

a
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a
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e

g
r
o
w
t
h

r
a
t
e
No Conservation
Existing Conservation Trends
Includes New & Existing Conservation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 468
Portfolio Resources (MW)
Portfolio SC
C
T

(N
a
m
e
p
l
a
t
e
)
CC
C
T

(N
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(
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)
Di
s
t
.

F
e
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d
e
r
s

(E
n
e
r
g
y
)
Preferred Resource Strategy 212 540 4 71 0 310 13
Least Cost 747 0 0 71 0 310 13
Least Risk 187 540 17 98 64 310 13
50% Cost/50% Risk 177 540 4 93 9 310 13
75% Cost/ 25% Risk 332 540 0 82 0 310 13
25% Cost/ 75% Risk 83 810 4 95 5 310 13
PRS without Apprentice Credits 212 540 4 96 0 310 13
2009 IRP "Like"0 810 0 102 0 310 13
PRS Without Wind 212 540 4 0 0 310 13
CCCT with Solar after 2015 0 810 10 36 33 310 13
PRS + Wind to meet National RES 212 540 4 177 1 310 13
PRS if no Conservation 475 815 10 94 0 0 13
PRS Conservation A/C 25% Lower 249 540 4 82 0 266 13
PRS Conservation A/C 25% Higher 415 270 7 70 0 334 13
PRS Conservation A/C 50% Higher 129 540 4 70 0 350 13
Low Load Growth 212 0 4 71 0 247 13
High Load Growth 510 810 10 93 1 443 13
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 469
2011 IRP Action Items
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #6
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
June 23, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 470
2009 IRP Action Item Review
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 471
2009 IRP Action Items
Resource Additions and Analysis
Energy Efficiency
Environmental Policy
Modeling and Forecasting Enhancements
Transmission Planning
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 472
2009 Action Items –Resource Additions & Analysis
Continue to explore the potential for wind and non-wind
renewable resources.
Issue an RFP for turbines at Reardan and up to 100 MW
of wind or other renewables in 2009.
Finish studies on the costs and environmental benefits of
hydro upgrades at Cabinet Gorge, Long Lake, Post Falls,
and Monroe Street.
Study potential locations for the natural gas-fired
resource identified to be online between 2015 and 2020
Continue participation in the regional IRP processes and
where agreeable find resource opportunities to meet
resource requirements on a collaborative basis.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 473
2009 Action Items –Energy Efficiency
Pursue American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009
(ARRA) funding for low income weatherization.
Analyze and report on the results of the July 2007 through
December 2009 demand response pilot in Moscow and
Sandpoint.
Have an external party perform a study on technical, economic,
and achievable potential for energy efficiency in Avista’s entire
service territory.
Study and quantify transmission and distribution efficiency
concepts as they apply to meeting Washington’s RPS goals.
Update processes and protocols for conservation
measurement, evaluation and verification.
Determine the potential impacts and costs of load management
options.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 474
2009 Action Items –Environmental Policy
Continue to study the potential impact of state and
federal climate change legislation.
Continue and report on the work of Avista’s Climate
Change Council.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 475
2009 Action Items –Modeling & Forecasting
Refine stochastic model cost driver relationships.
Continue PRiSM refinements by developing a resource
retirement capability to solve for other risk measurements
and by adding more resource options.
Continue developing Loss of Load Probability and
Sustained Peaking analysis for inclusion in the IRP
process, and confirm appropriateness of the 15% capacity
planning margin assumed for this IRP.
Continue studying the impacts of climate change on the
load forecast.
Study load growth trends and their correlation to weather
patterns.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 476
2009 Action Items –Transmission Planning
Work to maintain/retain existing transmission rights on the Company’s
transmission system, under applicable FERC policies, for transmission
service to bundled retail native load.
Continue to participate in BPA transmission practice processes and
rate proceedings to minimize the costs of integrating existing
resources outside of the Company’s service area.
Continue to participate in regional and sub-regional efforts to establish
new regional transmission structures (ColumbiaGrid and other forums)
to facilitate long-term expansion of the regional transmission system.
Evaluate costs to integrate new resources across Avista’s service
territory and from regions outside of the Northwest.
Study and implement distribution feeder rebuild projects to reduce
system losses.
Study transmission reconfigurations to economically reduce system
losses.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 477
2011 IRP Action Items
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 478
2011 Action Items Resource Additions & Analysis
Continue to explore and follow potential new resources
opportunities.
Continue studies on the costs, energy, capacity and
environmental benefits of hydro upgrades at Cabinet
Gorge, Long Lake, Post Falls, and Monroe Street.
Study potential locations for the natural gas-fired
resource identified to be online in 2019.
Continue participation in regional IRP processes and,
where agreeable, find opportunities to meet resource
requirements on a collaborative basis with other utilities.
Provide an update on the Little Falls and Nine Mile
hydroelectric project upgrades.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 479
2011 Action Items –Energy Efficiency
Study and quantify transmission and distribution
efficiency projects as they apply to Washington RPS
goals.
Update processes and protocols for conservation
measurement, evaluation and verification.
Continue to determine the potential impacts and
costs of load management options.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 480
2011 Action Items –Environmental Policy
Continue studies of state and federal climate change
policies.
Continue and report on the work of Avista’s Climate
Change Council.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 481
2011 Action Items –Modeling & Forecasting
Continue following regional reliability processes and
develop Avista-centric modeling for possible inclusion in
the 2013 IRP.
Continue studying the impacts of climate change on retail
loads.
Refine the stochastic model for cost driver relationships,
including further analyzing year-to-year hydro correlation
and the correlation between wind, load, and hydro.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 482
2011 Action Items –Transmission and
Distribution Planning
Work to maintain existing transmission rights, under applicable
FERC policies, for transmission service to bundled retail native load.
Continue to participate in BPA transmission processes and rate
proceedings to minimize costs of integrating existing resources
outside of Avista’s service area.
Continue to participate in efforts to establish new regional
transmission structures to facilitate long-term expansion of the
regional transmission system.
Evaluate the costs to integrate new resources across Avista’s
service territory and from regions outside of the Northwest.
Study and implement distribution feeder rebuild projects to reduce
system losses.
Study transmission reconfigurations to economically reduce system
losses.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 483
2011 IRP Section Highlights
John Lyons
Technical Advisory Committee Meeting #6
2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan
June 23, 2011
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 484
Loads & Resources Highlights
Historic conservation acquisitions are included in the load
forecast; higher acquisition levels anticipated in the IRP reduce
the load forecast further.
Annual electricity sales growth from 2012 to 2031 averages
1.6%.
Expected energy deficits begin in 2020, growing to 475 aMW
by 2031.
Expected capacity deficits begin in 2019, growing to 883 MW
by 2031.
Conservation pushes the need for resources out by one year
for energy and six years for capacity.
Renewable portfolio standard deficiencies drive near-term
resource needs.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 485
Energy Efficiency Highlights
Conservation reduces load by 47 percent through the IRP
timeframe.
Avista began offering conservation programs in 1978.
Company-sponsored conservation reduces retail loads by
approximately 10 percent, or 120 aMW.
More than 2,800 equipment options and over 1,500 measure
options covering all major end-use equipment, as well as devices
and actions to reduce energy consumption were evaluated for
this IRP.
This IRP includes a Conservation Potential Assessment of the
Company’s Idaho and Washington service territories.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 486
Policy Considerations Highlights
Avista supports national greenhouse gas legislation that
is workable, cost effective and fair.
Avista supports national greenhouse gas legislation that
protects the economy, supports technological innovation,
and addresses emissions from developing nations.
The Company is a member of the Clean Energy Group
Avista’s Climate Change Council monitors greenhouse
gas legislation and environmental regulation issues.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 487
Transmission & Distribution Highlights
Avista has received a total of 43 requests for non-Avista resource
integration.
Projected costs of transmission upgrades are included in the 2011
Preferred Resource Strategy.
The Company has received matching federal grants and is
investing in three Smart Grid programs projected to reduce load
by 5.57 aMW by 2013.
Sixty distribution feeders were found to be preliminarily economic
during the IRP timeframe, reducing system losses by 6.1 aMW.
The Company participates in various regional transmission
planning forums.
Various upgrades to our transmission system are planned over
the next five years.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 488
Generation Resource Options Highlights
Only resources with well-defined costs and operating
histories were considered in the PRS analysis.
Wind and solar resources were evaluated as the
renewable options available to the Company; other
technologies will be considered in renewable RFP efforts.
Renewable resource costs assume present state and
federal incentive levels, but no extensions.
For the first time, thermal generation upgrades were
considered as resource options.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 489
Market Analysis Highlights
Gas and wind resources are expected to dominate new generation
additions in the West for the foreseeable future.
The massive growth in unconventional natural gas has lowered gas
price forecasts and expected future electricity market prices.
Expansion of the Northwest wind fleet is reducing the value of
springtime hydroelectric generation and driving short-term market
prices below zero.
Federal greenhouse gas policy is uncertain; the IRP quantifies this
uncertainty by modeling four different mitigation regimes.
The Expected Case reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 18 percent
and increases overall Western Interconnect costs by $3.5 billion per
year. Absent mitigation, overall emissions are forecast to increase by
14 percent over the next 20 years.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 490
Preferred Resource Strategy Highlights
Avista’s first load –driven acquisition is a natural gas-fired
peaking plant in 2019; total gas-fired acquisition is 752 MW
over the IRP timeframe.
The 2011 plan splits natural gas-fired generation between
simple- and combined-cycle plants in anticipation of a growing
need for system flexibility to integrate variable resources.
Efficiency improvements, both on the customer and utility sides
of the meter, are at the highest expected level in our planning
history.
Total capital needs for generation resources in the PRS are
$1.6 billion.
Conservation and system efficiency spending will increase over
time; a total of $1.5 billion will acquire 323 aMW.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 491
Remaining 2011 IRP Schedule
July 1, 2011 Management review of Internal Draft 2011
IRP complete
July 8, 2011 distribution of Draft 2011 IRP to TAC
participants
August 1, 2011: External review by TAC complete
August 8, 2011: Final 2011 IRP sent to print
August 30, 2011: 2011 IRP documents sent to the Idaho
and Washington Commissions
August 31, 2011: 2011 IRP available to public, including
publication on the Company’s web site
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 492

2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix B – Work Plan

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 493

Work Plan for Avista’s
2011 Electric Integrated Resource
Plan

For the
Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission

August 31, 2010

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 494

2011 Integrated Resource Planning Work Plan

This Work Plan is submitted in compliance with the Washington Utilities and Transportation
Commission’s Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) rules (WAC 480-100-238). This work
plan outlines the process Avista will follow to develop its 2011 Integrated Resource Plan to
be filed with Washington and Idaho Commissions by August 31, 2011. Avista uses a public
process to obtain technical expertise and guidance throughout the planning period through a
series of public Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) meetings. The first of these meetings
for the 2011 IRP was held on May 27, 2010.

The 2011 IRP process will be similar to those used to produce the previous three published
plans. AURORAxmp will be used for electric market forecasting, resource valuation, and for
conducting Monte-Carlo style risk analyses. Results from AURORAxmp will be used to select
the Preferred Resource Strategy (PRS) using the proprietary PRiSM 3.0 model. This tool
fills future capacity and energy (physical/renewable) deficits using an efficient frontier
approach to evaluate quantitative portfolio risk versus portfolio cost while accounting for
environmental legislation. Qualitative risk will be evaluated in a separate analysis. The
process timeline is shown in Exhibit 1 and the process to identify the PRS is shown in Exhibit
2.

Avista intends to use both detailed site-specific and generic resource assumptions in this
plan. These assumptions will be determined by using the 6th Power Plan for generic
resources and site-specific assumptions developed by Avista will be used for existing
resource upgrades. This plan will study renewable portfolio standards, environmental costs,
sustained peaking requirements, and energy efficiency programs. This IRP will develop a
strategy that meets or exceeds both the renewable portfolio standards and greenhouse gas
emissions regulations.

Avista intends to test the PRS against several scenarios and stochastic futures. The TAC
meetings will be an important factor to determine the underlying assumptions used in the
scenarios and futures. The IRP process is very technical and data intensive; public
comments are welcome and will require input in a timely manner for appropriate inclusion
into the process so the plan can be submitted according to the tentative schedule.

Topics and meeting times may be changed depending on the availability of and requests for
additional topics from the TAC members. The tentative timeline for public Technical
Advisory Committee meetings:

 May 27, 2010 – Load & resource balance, climate change, loss of load probability
analysis, work plan, and analytical process changes
 September 8, 2010 – Plant tours for TAC members
 September 9, 2010 – Generic resource assumptions, reliability planning, combined
heat & power, sustainability, and energy efficiency
 November 4, 2010 – Load forecast, stochastic assumptions, resource upgrade costs,
and transmission cost studies
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 495

 January 20, 2011 – Electric and gas price forecasts, load & resource forecast
 March 10, 2011 – Draft PRS, review of scenarios and futures, and portfolio analysis
 April 28, 2011 – Review of final PRS and action items
 June 23, 2011 – Review of the 2011 IRP

2011 Electric IRP Draft Outline

This section provides a draft outline of the major sections in the 2011 Electric IRP. This
outline will be updated as IRP studies are completed and input from the Technical Advisory
Committee has been received.

1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction and Stakeholder Involvement
3. Loads and Resources
a. Economic Conditions
b. Avista Load Forecast
c. Load Forecast Scenarios
d. Supply Side Resources
e. Reserve Margins
f. Resource Requirements
4. Energy Efficiency and Demand Response
5. Environmental Policy Issues
6. Transmission Planning
7. Modeling Approach
a. Assumptions and Inputs
b. Risk Modeling
c. Resource Alternatives
d. The PRiSM Model
8. Market Modeling Approach
a. Futures
b. Scenarios
c. Avoided Costs
9. Preferred Resource Strategy & Stress Analysis
10. Action Items

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 496

Exhibit 1: 2011 Electric IRP Timeline
Task Target Date
Preferred Resource Strategy (PRS)
Finalize load forecast July 2010
Identify regional resource options for electric market price
forecast
September 2010
Identify Avista’s supply & conservation resource options September 2010
Update AURORAxmp database for electric market price
forecast
October 2010
Finalize datasets/statistics variables for risk studies October 2010
Draft transmission study due October 2010
Energy efficiency load shapes input into AURORAxmp October 2010
Final transmission study due November 2010
Select natural gas price forecast December 2010
Finalize deterministic base case December 2010
Base case stochastic study complete January 2011
Finalize PRiSM 3.0 model January 2011
Develop efficient frontier and PRS January 2011
Simulation of risk studies “futures” complete February 2011
Simulate market scenarios in AURORAxmp February 2011
Evaluate resource strategies against market futures and
scenarios
March 2011
Present preliminary study and PRS to TAC March 2011

Writing Tasks
File 2011 IRP work plan August 2010
Prepare report and appendix outline September 2010
Prepare text drafts April 2011
Prepare charts and tables April 2011
Internal draft released at Avista May 2011
External draft released to the TAC June 2011
Final editing and printing August 2011
Final IRP submission to Commissions and distribution to TAC August 31, 2011

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 497

Exhibit 2: 2011 Electric IRP Modeling Process

Fuel Prices
Fuel Availability
Resource Availability
Demand
Emission Pricing
Stochastic Inputs
Existing Resources
Resource Options
Transmission
Avoided
Costs
Preferred
Resource
Strategy
Energy,
Capacity
& RPS
Balances
AURORA
“Wholesale Electric
Market”

300 Simulations

PRiSM
“Avista Portfolio”

Efficient Frontier
Deterministic
Inputs
Resource &
Portfolio
Margins
Mid-Columbia
Prices
Capacity
Value
Conservation
Trends
Avista Load
Forecast
Existing
Resources
Cost Effective T&D
Projects/Costs
New Resource
Options & Costs
Cost Effective
Conservation
Measures/Costs
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 498

2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix C – Comprehensive
Energy Efficiency Equipment List
and Measure Options

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 499

Global Energy Partners C-1
An EnerNOC Company

APPENDIX C
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA
This appendix presents detailed information for all residential energy efficiency equipment and
measures that were evaluated in LoadMAP. Several sets of tables are provided.
Table C-1 provides brief descriptions for all equipment and measures that were assessed for
potenital.
Tables C-2 through C-9 list the detailed unit-level data for the equipment measures for each of
the housing type segments — single family, multi-family, mobile home, and limited income —
and for existing and new construction, respectively. Savings are in kWh/yr/household, and
incremental costs are in $/household, unless noted otherwise. The B/C ratio is zero if the
measure represents the baseline technology or if the technology is not available in the first year
of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast
and is available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Tables C-10 through C-17 list the detailed unit-level data for the non-equipment energy
efficiency measures for each of the housing type segments and for existing and new
construction, respectively. Because these measures can produce energy-use savings for multiple
end-use loads (e.g., insulation affects heating and cooling energy use) savings are expressed as
a percentage of the end-use loads. Base saturation indicates the percentage of homes in which
the measure is already installed. Applicability/Feasibility is the product of two factors that
account for whether the measure is applicable to the building. Cost is expressed in $/household.
The detailed measure-level tables present the results of the benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for the
first year of the forecast. The B/C ratio is zero if the measure represents the baseline technology
or if the measure is not available in the first year of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is
calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast and is available once the technology or
measure becomes available.
Note that Tables C-2 through C-17 present information for Washington. For Idaho, savings and
B/C ratios may be slightly different due to weather-related usage, differences in the states’
market profiles, and different retail electricity prices. Although Idaho-specific values are not
presented here, they are available within the LoadMAP files.

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Table C–1 Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Cooling Air Conditioner — 
Central (CAC) 
Central air conditioners consist of a refrigeration system using a direct 
expansion cycle. Equipment includes a compressor, an air‐cooled condenser 
(located outdoors), an expansion valve, and an evaporator coil. A supply fan 
near the evaporator coil distributes supply air through air ducts to the building. 
Cooling efficiencies vary based on materials used, equipment size, condenser 
type, and system configuration. CACs may be unitary (all components housed 
in a factory‐built assembly) or split system (an outdoor condenser section and 
an indoor evaporator section connected by refrigerant lines and with the 
compressor either indoors or outdoors). Energy efficiency is rated according to 
the size of the unit using the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER). Systems 
with Variable Refrigerant Flow further improve the operating efficiency. A 
high‐efficiency option for a ductless mini‐split system was also analyzed.  
Cooling Central Air 
Conditioner, Early 
Replacement 
CAC systems currently on the market are significantly more efficient that older 
units, due to technology improvement and stricter appliance standards. This 
measure incents homeowners to replace an aging but still working unit with a 
new, higher‐efficiency one. 
Cooling Central Air 
Conditioner 
Maintenance and 
Tune Up 
An air conditioner's filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and 
maintenance for the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its 
life. Neglecting necessary maintenance leads to a steady decline in 
performance, requiring the AC unit to use more energy for the same cooling 
load.  
Cooling Air Conditioner ‐ 
Room, ENERGY STAR 
or better 
Room air conditioners are designed to cool a single room or space. They 
incorporate a complete air‐cooled refrigeration and air‐handling system in an 
individual package. Room air conditioners come in several forms, including 
window, split‐type, and packaged terminal units. Energy efficiency is rated 
according to the size of the unit using the Energy Efficiency Rating (EER).  
Cooling Room AC — Removal 
of Second Unit 
Homeowners may have a second room AC unit that is extremely inefficient. 
This measure incents homeowners to recycle the second unit and thus also 
eliminates associated electricity use. 
Cooling Attic Fan 

Attic Fan, 
Photovoltaic 
Attic fans can reduce the need for AC by reducing heat transfer from the attic 
through the ceiling of the house. A well‐ventilated attic can be several degrees 
cooler than a comparable, unventilated attic. An option for an attic fan 
equipped with a small solar photovoltaic generator was also modeled. 
Cooling Ceiling Fan Ceiling fans can reduce the need for air conditioning. However, the house 
occupants must also select a ceiling fan with a high‐efficiency motor and either 
shutoff the AC system or setup the thermostat temperature of the air 
conditioning system to realize the potential energy savings. Some ceiling fans 
also come with lamps. In this analysis, it is assumed that there are no lamps, 
and installing a ceiling fan will allow occupants to increase the thermostat 
cooling setpoint up by 2°F. 
Cooling Whole‐House Fan Whole‐house fans can reduce the need for AC on moderate‐weather days or 
on cool evenings. The fan facilitates a quick air change throughout the entire 
house. Several windows must be open to achieve the best results. The fan is 
mounted on the top floor of the house, usually in a hallway ceiling. 
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End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Space Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric furnace with a 
gas‐fired furnace. This measure will eliminate all electricity consumption and 
demand due to electric space heating. In this study, it is assumed that this 
measure can be implemented only in homes within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Heat/Cool Air Source Heat 
Pump 
A central heat pump consists of components similar to a CAC system, but is 
usually designed to function both as a heat pump and an air conditioner. It 
consists of a refrigeration system using a direct expansion (DX) cycle. 
Equipment includes a compressor, an air‐cooled condenser (located outdoors), 
an expansion valve, and an evaporator coil (located in the supply air duct near 
the supply fan) and a reversing valve to change the DX cycle from cooling to 
heating when required. The cooling and heating efficiencies vary based on the 
materials used, equipment size, condenser type, and system configuration. 
Heat pumps may be unitary (all components housed in a factory‐built 
assembly) or a split system (an outdoor condenser section and an indoor 
evaporator section connected by refrigerant lines, with either outdoors or 
indoors. A high‐efficiency option for a ductless mini‐split system was also 
analyzed. 
Heat / Cool Geothermal Heat 
Pump 
Geothermal heat pumps are similar to air‐source heat pumps, but use the 
ground or groundwater instead of outside air to provide a heat source/sink. A 
geothermal heat pump system generally consists of three major subsystems or 
parts: a geothermal heat pump to move heat between the building and the 
fluid in the earth connection, an earth connection for transferring heat 
between the fluid and the earth, and a distribution subsystem for delivering 
heating or cooling to the building. The system may also have a desuperheater 
to supplement the building's water heater, or a full‐demand water heater to 
meet all of the building's hot water needs.  
Heat / Cool Air Source Heat 
Pump Maintenance 
A heat pump's filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and maintenance 
for the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its life. Neglecting 
necessary maintenance ensures a steady decline in performance while energy 
use steadily increases.  
HVAC (all) Insulation – Ducting Air distribution ducts can be insulated to reduce heating or cooling losses. Best 
results can be achieved by covering the entire surface area with insulation. 
Several types of ducts and duct insulation are available, including flexible duct, 
pre‐insulated duct, duct board, duct wrap, tacked, or glued rigid insulation, and 
waterproof hard shell materials for exterior ducts.  This analysis assumes that 
installing duct insulation can reduce the temperature drop/gain in ducts by 
50%. 
HVAC (all) Repair and Sealing –
Ducting 
An ideal duct system would be free of leaks. Leakage in unsealed ducts varies 
considerably because of differences in fabricating machinery used, methods 
for assembly, installation workmanship, and age of the ductwork. Air leaks 
from the system to the outdoors result in a direct loss proportional to the 
amount of leakage and the difference in enthalpy between the outdoor air and 
the conditioned air. This analysis assumes that over time air loss from ducts 
has doubled, and conducting repair and sealing of the ducts will restore 
leakage from ducts to the original baseline level. 
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End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
HVAC (all) Thermostat — 
Clock/Programmable 

A programmable thermostat can be added to most heating/cooling systems.  
They are typically used during winter to lower temperatures at night and in 
summer to increase temperatures during the afternoon. The energy savings 
from this type of thermostat are identical to those of a "setback" strategy with 
standard thermostats, but the convenience of a programmable thermostat 
makes it a much more attractive option.  In this analysis, the baseline is 
assumed to have no thermostat setback. 
HVAC (all) Doors — Storm and 
Thermal 
Like other components of the shell, doors are subject to several types of heat 
loss: conduction, infiltration, and radiant losses. Similar to a storm window, a 
storm door creates an insulating air space between the storm and primary 
doors. A tight fitting storm door can also help reduce air leakage or infiltration.  
Thermal doors have exceptional thermal insulation properties and also are 
provided with weather‐stripping on the doorframe to reduce air leakage. 
HVAC (all) Insulation — 
Infiltration Control 

Lowering the air infiltration rate by caulking small leaks and weather‐stripping 
around window frames, doorframes, power outlets, plumbing, and wall 
corners can provide significant energy savings. Weather‐stripping doors and 
windows will create a tight seal and further reduce air infiltration.  
HVAC (all) Insulation —Ceiling Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are used to 
inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and radiative 
transfer modes. Thus, thermal insulation above ceilings can conserve energy by 
reducing the heat loss or gain into attics and/or through roofs. The type of 
building construction defines insulating possibilities. Typical insulating 
materials include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose, loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass, and 
rigid polystyrene. 
HVAC (all) Insulation — Radiant 
Barrier 
Radiant barriers are materials installed to reduce the heat gain in buildings. 
Radiant barriers are made from materials that are highly reflective and have 
low emissivity like aluminum. The closer the emissivity is to 0 the better they 
will perform.  Radiant barriers can be placed above the insulation or on the 
roof rafters.   
HVAC (all) Insulation — 
Foundation  
Insulation  — Wall 
Cavity 
Insulation  — Wall 
Sheathing 
Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are used to 
inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and radiative 
transfer modes. Thus, thermal insulation can conserve energy by reducing heat 
loss or gain from a building. The type of building construction defines insulating 
possibilities. Typical insulating materials include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose, 
loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass, and rigid polystyrene. Foundation, insulation, wall 
cavity insulation, and wall sheathing were modeled for new construction / 
major retrofits only. 
Cooling Roof — High 
Reflectivity 
The color and material of a building structure surface determine the amount of 
solar radiation absorbed by that surface and subsequently transferred into a 
building. This is called solar absorptance. Using a roofing material with low 
solar absorptance or painting the roof a light color reduces the cooling load.  
This analysis assumes that implementing high reflectivity roofs will decrease 
the roof’s absorptance of solar radiation by 45%. 
Cooling Windows — 
Reflective Film 
Reflective films applied to the window interior help reduce solar gain into the 
space and thus lower cooling energy use. 
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End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
HVAC (all) Windows — High 
Efficiency / ENERGY 
STAR 
High‐efficiency windows, such as those labeled under the ENERGY STAR 
Program, are designed to reduce energy use and increase occupant comfort.  
High‐efficiency windows reduce the amount of heat transfer through the 
glazing surface. For example, some windows have a low‐E coating, a thin film 
of metallic oxide coating on the glass surface that allows passage of short‐wave 
solar energy through glass and prevents long‐wave energy from escaping. 
Another example is double‐pane glass that reduces conductive and convective 
heat transfer.  Some double‐pane windows are gas‐filled (usually argon) to 
further increase the insulating properties of the window. 
Water Heating Water Heater ‐ 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
For electric hot water heating, the most common type is a storage heater, 
which incorporates an electric heating element, storage tank, outer jacket, 
insulation, and controls in a single unit. Efficient units are characterized by a 
high recovery or thermal efficiency and low standby losses (the ratio of heat 
lost per hour to the content of the stored water). Electric instantaneous water 
heaters are available, but are excluded from this study due to potentially high 
instantaneous demand concerns. 
Water Heating Water Heater, Heat 
Pump 
An electric heat pump water heater (HPWH) uses a vapor‐compression 
thermodynamic cycle similar to that found in an air‐conditioner or refrigerator. 
Electrical work input allows a heat pump water heater to extract heat from an 
available source (e.g., air) and reject that heat to a higher temperature sink, in 
this case, the water in the water heater. Because a HPWH makes use of 
available ambient heat, the coefficient of performance is greater than one —
typically in the range of 2 to 3. These devices are available as an alternative to 
conventional tank water heaters of 55 gallons or larger. By utilizing the earth as 
a thermal reservoir, ground source HPWH systems can reach even higher levels 
of efficiency. The heat pump can be integrated with a traditional water storage 
tank or installed remote to the storage tank.  
Water Heating Water Heating, Solar Solar water heating systems can be used in residential buildings that have an 
appropriate near‐south‐facing roof or nearby unshaded grounds for installing a 
collector. Although system types vary, in general these systems use a solar 
absorber surface within a solar collector or an actual storage tank. Either a 
heat‐transfer fluid or the actual potable water flows through tubes attached to 
the absorber and transfers heat from it. (Systems with a separate heat‐
transfer‐fluid loop include a heat exchanger that then heats the potable 
water.) The heated water is stored in a separate preheat tank or a 
conventional water heater tank. If additional heat is needed, it is provided by a 
conventional water‐heating system. 
Water Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric water heater with 
a gas‐fired water heater. This measure will eliminate all electricity consumption 
and demand due to electric water heating.  In this study, it is assumed that this 
measure can be implemented only in home within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Water Heating Faucet Aerators Water faucet aerators are threaded screens that attach to existing faucets. 
They reduce the volume of water coming out of faucets while introducing air 
into the water stream. This measure provides energy saving by reducing hot 
water use, as well as water conservation for both hot and cold water. 
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End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Water Heating Pipe Insulation Insulating hot water pipes decreases energy losses from piping that distributes 
hot water throughout the building. I also results in quicker delivery of hot 
water and may allow lower the hot water set point, which saves energy. The 
most common insulation materials for this purpose are polyethylene and 
neoprene.       
Water Heating Low‐Flow 
Showerheads 
Similar to faucet aerators, low‐flow showerheads reduce the consumption of 
hot water, which in turn decreases water heating energy use.   
Water Heating Tank Blanket Insulating hot water tanks decreases standby energy losses from the tank. Pre‐
fitted insulating blankets are readily available. 
Water Heating Thermostat Setback 
/ Timer 
These measures use either a programmable thermostat or a timer to adjust the 
water heater setpoint at times of low usage, typically when a home is 
unoccupied. 
Water Heating Hot Water Saver A hot water saver is a plumbing device that attaches to the showerhead and 
that pauses the flow of water until the water is hot enough for use. The water 
is re‐started by the flip of a switch. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting  
Infrared Halogen 
Lamps 
Infrared halogen lamps are designed to be a replacement for standards 
incandescent lamps. Also referred to as advanced incandescent lamps, these 
products meet the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) lighting 
standards and are phased in as the baseline technology screw‐in lamp 
technology to reflect the timeline over which the EISA lighting standards take 
effect. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting 
Compact Fluorescent 
Lamps 
Compact fluorescent lamps are designed to be a replacement for standard 
incandescent lamps and use about 25% of the energy used by standard 
incandescent lamps to produce the same lumen output. The can use either 
electronic or magnetic ballasts. Integral compact fluorescent lamps have the 
ballast integrated into the base of the lamp and have a standard screw‐in base 
that permits installation into existing incandescent fixtures. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting 
Solid State Lighting, 
LEDs (Screw‐in and 
linear) 
Light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting has seen recent penetration in specific 
applications such as traffic lights and exit signs. With the potential for 
extremely high efficiency, LEDs show promise to provide general‐use lighting 
for interior spaces. Current models commercially available have efficacies 
comparable to CFLs. However, theoretical efficiencies are significantly higher. 
LED models under development are expected to provide improved efficacies. 
Interior Lighting Fluorescent, T8, 
Super T8, and T5 
Lamps and Electronic 
Ballasts 
T8 fluorescent lamps are smaller in diameter than standard T12 lamps, 
resulting in greater light output per watt. T8 lamps also operate at a lower 
current and wattage, which increases the efficiency of the ballast but requires 
the lamps to be compatible with the ballast. Fluorescent lamp fixtures can 
include a reflector that increases the light output from the fixture, and thus 
make it possible to use a fewer number of lamps in each fixture. T5 lamps 
further increase efficiency by reducing the lamp diameter to 5/8”. 
Exterior Lighting Metal Halide and 
High Pressure 
Sodium 
These lamps technologies can provide slightly higher efficiencies than CFLs in 
exterior applications. 
Interior Lighting Occupancy Sensors Occupancy sensors turn lights off when a space is unoccupied. They are 
appropriate for areas with intermittent use, such as bathrooms or storage 
areas.  
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End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Exterior Lighting Photovoltaic 
Installation 
Solar photovoltaic generation may be used to power exterior lighting and thus 
eliminate all or part of the electrical energy use.  
Exterior Lighting Photosensor Control Photosensor controls turn exterior lighting on or off based on ambient lighting 
levels. Compared with manual operation, this can reduce the operation of 
exterior lighting during daylight hours.  
Exterior Lighting Timeclock 
Installation 
Lighting timers turn exterior lighting on or off based on a preset schedule. 
Compared with manual operation, this can reduce the operation of exterior 
lighting during daylight hours. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
Energy‐efficient refrigerators/freezers incorporate features such as improved 
cabinet insulation, more efficient compressors and evaporator fans, defrost 
controls, mullion heaters, oversized condenser coils, and improved door seals.  
Further efficiency increases can be obtained by reducing the volume of 
refrigerated space, or adding multiple compartments to reduce losses from 
opening doors. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer 
—  
Early Replacement  
Refrigerators/freezers currently on the market are significantly more efficient 
that older units, due to technology improvement and stricter appliance 
standards. This measure incents homeowners to replace an aging but still 
working unit with a new, higher‐efficiency one. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer 
—  
Remove Second Unit 
Homeowners may have a second refrigerator or freezer that is not used to full 
capacity and that, because of its age, is extremely inefficient. This measure 
incents homeowners to recycle the second unit and thus also eliminates 
associated electricity use. 
Appliances Dishwasher, ENERGY 
STAR or better 
ENERGY STAR labeled dishwashers save by using both improved technology for 
the primary wash cycle, and by using less hot water. Construction includes 
more effective washing action, energy‐efficient motors, and other advanced 
technology such as sensors that determine the length of the wash cycle and 
the temperature of the water necessary to clean the dishes.  
Appliances Clothes Washer, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
ENERGY STAR labeled clothes washers use superior designs that require less 
water. Sensors match the hot water needs to the size and soil level of the load, 
preventing energy waste. Further energy and water savings can be achieved 
through advanced technologies such as inverter‐drive or combination washer‐
dryer units. 
Appliances Clothes Dryer – 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
An energy‐efficient clothes dryer has a moisture‐sensing device to terminate 
the drying cycle rather than using a timer, and an energy‐efficient motor is 
used for spinning the dryer tub. Application of a heat pump cycle for extracting 
the moisture from clothes leads to additional energy savings. 
Appliances Range and Oven – 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
These products have additional insulation in the oven compartment and 
tighter‐fitting oven door gaskets and hinges to save energy. Conventional 
ovens must first heat up about 35 pounds of steel and a large amount of air 
before they heat up the food. Tests indicate that only 6% of the energy output 
of a typical oven is actually absorbed by the food.  
Electronics Color TVs and Home 
Electronics, ENERGY 
STAR or better 
In the average home, electronic products consumed significant energy, even 
when they are turn off, to maintain features like clocks, remote control, and 
channel/station memory. ENERGY STAR labeled consumer electronics can 
drastically reduce consumption during standby mode, in addition to saving 
energy through advanced power management during normal use.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 506
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-8 www.gepllc.com

End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Electronics Personal Computers, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
Improved power management can significantly reduce the annual energy 
consumption of PCs and monitors in both standby and normal operation. 
ENERGY STAR and Climate Savers labeled products provide increasing level of 
energy efficiency. 
Electronics Reduce Standby 
Wattage 
Representing a growing portion of home electricity consumption, plug‐in 
electronics such as set‐top boxes, DVD players, gaming systems, digital video 
recorders, and even battery chargers for mobile phones and laptop computers 
are often designed to supply a set voltage. When the units are not in use, this 
voltage could be dropped significantly (~1 W) and thereby generate a 
significant energy savings, assumed for this analysis to be between 4‐5% on 
average. These savings are in excess of the measures already discussed for 
computers and televisions.  
Misc. Furnace Fans, 
Electronically 
Commutating Motor 
In homes heated by a furnace, there is still substantial energy use by the fan 
responsible for moving the hot air throughout the ductwork.  Application of an 
Electronically Commutating Motor (ECM) ensures that motor speed matches 
the heating requirements of the system and saves energy when compared to a 
continuously operating standard motor. 
Miscellaneous Pool Pump  High‐efficiency motors and two‐speed pumps provide improved energy 
efficiency for this load.  
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Timer A pool pump timer allows the pump to turn off automatically, eliminating the 
wasted energy associated with unnecessary pumping.   
Miscellaneous Trees for Shading Planting of shade trees, suitable to the local climate, can reduce the need for 
air conditioning and provide non‐energy benefits as well.  
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Home Energy 
Management System 
A centralized home energy management system can be used to control and 
schedule cooling, space heating, lighting, and possibly appliances as well. Some 
designs also allow the homeowner to remotely control loads via the Internet. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating  
Solar Photovoltaic Adding a solar photovoltaic (PV) system to the home can meet a portion of the 
home’s electric load and in some cases nearly the entire load, depending on 
the PV system size, orientation, solar resource, and other factors. For this 
analysis, we assume a grid‐connected system and apply the electricity savings 
to the home’s cooling and space heating loads. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Advanced New 
Construction Designs 
Advanced new construction designs use an integrated approach to the design 
of new buildings to account for the interaction of building systems. Typically, 
designs specify the building orientation, building shell, building mechanical 
systems, and controls strategies with the goal of optimizing building energy 
efficiency and comfort. Options that may be evaluated and incorporated 
include passive solar strategies, increased thermal mass, natural ventilation, 
daylighting strategies, and shading strategies, This measure was modeled for 
new construction only. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
ENERGY STAR Homes 

This measure was modeled for new construction only. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Energy‐Efficient 
Manufactured 
Homes 
This measure was modeled for new construction only. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 507
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Single Family, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)134               $278 15 0.41          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)184               $556 15 0.28          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)226               $834 15 0.23          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 405               $4,399 20 0.14          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                  $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)62                  $104 10 0.33          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 73                  $282 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 99                  $626 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star) 492               $1,000 15 0.43          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2) 675               $2,318 15 0.26          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3) 829               $3,505 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,486            $5,655 20 0.45          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                  $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 516               $1,500 14 0.28          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                  $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 173               $41 15 5.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2,269            $6,586 15 0.47          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2,493            $5,653 15 0.60          
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 14.44       
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.90          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                  $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based Halogen ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 22.43       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.89          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                  $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)45                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 88                  $487 10 0.16          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 98                  $48 13 2.39          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                  $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 41                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)53                  $1 9 31.05       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108               $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144               $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230               $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 508
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-10 www.gepllc.com

Table C-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Single Family, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                  $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 114               $32 11 3.03          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)152               $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)243               $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 111               $89 13 1.31          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)148               $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)237               $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 9                    $2 13 7.00          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 46                  $1,432 13 0.05          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                  $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 108               $1 5 35.63       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 154               $175 5 0.35          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                  $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 87                  $1 11 133.21     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 138               $85 15 1.96          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 551               $579 15 1.15          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                  $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 127               $1 18 281.65     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 509
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-11
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)67                  $93 15 0.62          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)133                $185 15 0.61          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)187                $278 15 0.57          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 245                $2,012 20 0.19          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)32                  $52 10 0.35          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 38                  $141 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 52                  $313 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)238                $1,246 15 0.17          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)467                $2,315 15 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)659                $3,277 15 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 862                $5,022 20 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 248                $1,500 14 0.14          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 107                $41 15 3.61          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,539            $5,653 15 0.38          
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 10.47       
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.65          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 32.52       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.29          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)23                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 44                  $487 10 0.08          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 93                  $48 13 2.28          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 15                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)19                  $1 9 11.14       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 92                  $89 13 1.09          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)123                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)196                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 510
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-12 www.gepllc.com

Table C-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data—Multi Family, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 108                $32 11 2.88          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)145                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)231                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 93                  $89 13 1.11          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)124                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)199                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 4                    $2 13 2.99          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 20                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 86                  $1 5 29.28       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 123                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 43                  $1 11 67.65       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump ‐                   $85 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump ‐                   $579 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 10                  $1 18 21.87       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 511
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-13
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)80                  $278 15 0.24          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)110                $556 15 0.17          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)134                $834 15 0.14          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 241                $4,399 20 0.08          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)37                  $52 10 0.40          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 44                  $141 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 59                  $313 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)282                $1,246 15 0.20          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)387                $2,315 15 0.15          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)475                $3,277 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 852                $5,022 20 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 295                $1,500 14 0.16          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95)88                  $41 15 2.95          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,271            $5,653 15 0.31          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.00       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.81          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.04          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.64          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.13          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.70          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 20.19       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.80          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 6.66          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 3.63          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 8.23          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.74          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)46                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 89                  $487 10 0.16          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 99                  $48 13 2.43          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 41                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)54                  $1 9 31.57       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 110                $89 13 1.30          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)146                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)234                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 512
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-14 www.gepllc.com

Table C-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 116                $32 11 3.08          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)155                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)248                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 113                $89 13 1.34          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)150                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)241                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 8                    $2 13 6.30          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 41                  $1,432 13 0.04          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 101                $1 5 33.39       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 144                $175 5 0.33          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 87                  $1 11 133.21     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 138                $85 15 1.96          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 551                $579 15 1.15          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 127                $1 18 281.65     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 513
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-15
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)76                  $185 15 0.35          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)104                $370 15 0.24          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)127                $556 15 0.19          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 229                $2,394 20 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)65                  $104 10 0.35          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 77                  $282 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 104                $626 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)192                $1,246 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)263                $2,315 15 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)323                $3,277 15 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 579                $5,022 20 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 201                $1,500 14 0.11          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 116                $41 15 3.94          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,679            $5,653 15 0.41          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.85       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.86          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 32.52       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.29          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)20                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 38                  $487 10 0.07          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 104                $48 13 2.56          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 12                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)15                  $1 9 9.07          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 92                  $89 13 1.09          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)123                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)196                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 514
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-16 www.gepllc.com

Table C-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 108                $32 11 2.88          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)145                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)231                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 93                  $89 13 1.11          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)124                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)199                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 5                    $2 13 3.59          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 24                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 89                  $1 5 30.10       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 127                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 49                  $1 11 77.80       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 57                  $85 15 0.83          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 226                $579 15 0.49          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 54                  $1 18 123.18     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 515
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data —Single Family, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)180                $278 15 0.55          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)240                $556 15 0.36          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)290                $834 15 0.29          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 543                $4,399 20 0.19          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)76                  $104 10 0.41          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 90                  $282 10 0.18          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 122                $626 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)588                $1,000 15 0.51          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)783                $2,318 15 0.30          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)946                $3,505 15 0.24          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,775            $5,655 20 0.54          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 630                $1,500 14 0.35          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 219                $41 15 7.35          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2,878            $6,586 15 0.60          
Interior Lighting*Water Heater Solar 3,163            $5,653 15 0.77          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 14.05       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.87          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 21.82       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.87          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)58                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 112                $487 10 0.21          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 117                $48 13 2.86          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 47                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)62                  $1 9 36.25       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 102                $89 13 1.20          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)135                $0 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 516
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-18 www.gepllc.com

Table C-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data —Single Family, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)217                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 116                $32 11 3.08          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)155                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)248                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 116                $89 13 1.37          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)154                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)247                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 11                  $2 13 8.51          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 56                  $1,432 13 0.06          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 111                $1 5 36.63       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 158                $175 5 0.36          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 96                  $1 11 148.53     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 156                $85 15 2.22          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 623                $579 15 1.30          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 155                $1 18 345.87     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 517
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-19
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)85                  $93 15 0.78          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)166                $185 15 0.76          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)234                $278 15 0.71          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 308                $2,012 20 0.24          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)37                  $52 10 0.39          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 43                  $141 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 59                  $313 10 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)292                $1,246 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)571                $2,315 15 0.22          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)804                $3,277 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,058            $5,022 20 0.33          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 282                $1,500 14 0.15          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 124                $41 15 4.19          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,786            $5,653 15 0.44          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 10.18       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.63          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 31.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.26          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)26                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 51                  $487 10 0.09          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 105                $48 13 2.56          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 16                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)21                  $1 9 12.38       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108                $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 518
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-20 www.gepllc.com

Table C-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 115                $32 11 3.06          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)154                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)246                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 103                $89 13 1.21          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)137                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)219                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 4                    $2 13 3.31          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 22                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 88                  $1 5 29.69       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 125                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 45                  $1 11 71.54       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump ‐                   $85 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump ‐                   $579 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 11                  $1 18 24.36       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 519
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)100                $278 15 0.30          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)133                $556 15 0.20          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)161                $834 15 0.16          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 301                $4,399 20 0.11          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)42                  $52 10 0.45          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 50                  $141 10 0.20          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 67                  $313 10 0.12          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)313                $1,246 15 0.22          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)417                $2,315 15 0.16          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)505                $3,277 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 946                $5,022 20 0.30          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 336                $1,500 14 0.18          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 102                $41 15 3.42          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,474            $5,653 15 0.36          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 12.64       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.79          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.04          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.64          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.13          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.70          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 19.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.78          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 6.66          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 3.63          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 8.23          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.74          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)54                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 104                $487 10 0.19          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 111                $48 13 2.73          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 46                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)60                  $1 9 35.11       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 129                $89 13 1.52          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)172                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)275                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 520
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-22 www.gepllc.com

Table C-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 124                $32 11 3.28          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)165                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)263                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 124                $89 13 1.47          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)165                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)264                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 9                    $2 13 6.98          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 46                  $1,432 13 0.05          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 103                $1 5 33.86       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 146                $175 5 0.33          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 91                  $1 11 140.87     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 154                $85 15 2.20          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 617                $579 15 1.29          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 141                $1 18 313.76     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 521
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)95                  $185 15 0.43          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)126                $370 15 0.29          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)152                $556 15 0.23          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 286                $2,394 20 0.18          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)74                  $104 10 0.40          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 87                  $282 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 118                $626 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)213                $1,246 15 0.15          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)284                $2,315 15 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)343                $3,277 15 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 643                $5,022 20 0.20          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 228                $1,500 14 0.13          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 135                $41 15 4.57          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,949            $5,653 15 0.48          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.47       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.84          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 31.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.26          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)23                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 44                  $487 10 0.08          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 117                $48 13 2.87          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 13                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)17                  $1 9 10.08       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108                $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 522
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-24 www.gepllc.com

Table C-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, New Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 115                $32 11 3.06          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)154                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)246                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 103                $89 13 1.21          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)137                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)219                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 5                    $2 13 3.98          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 26                  $1,432 13 0.03          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 90                  $1 5 30.52       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 129                $175 5 0.30          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 52                  $1 11 82.28       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 63                  $85 15 0.93          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 254                $579 15 0.54          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 60                  $1 18 137.23     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 523
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-10 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data—Single Family, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.05
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 41% 100% $125 4 0.70
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 2.45
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 12% 23% $116 18 0.08
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 13% 45% $350 19 0.06
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 51% 75% $160 15 0.81
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 7% 19% $200 18 0.62
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.49
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 15% 75% $500 18 0.78
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 15% 75% $500 18 0.78
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 55% 56% $114 11 2.89
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 55% 56% $114 11 2.89
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 46% 90% $266 12 1.72
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 46% 90% $266 12 1.72
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 68% 72% $594 20 1.11
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 68% 72% $594 20 1.11
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.41
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.41
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 5% 10% $1,550 15 0.05
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $267 10 0.21
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 83% 90% $7,500 25 0.38
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 83% 90% $7,500 25 0.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 24% 25% $750 15 0.10
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 24% 45% $90 8 0.21
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 10% 45% $72 8 0.35
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 53% 90% $24 25 8.78
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 17% 38% $180 13 1.05
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 75% 80% $96 10 4.56
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 15.53
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 2.99
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 17% 40% $194 10 1.06
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 3.28
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.76
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.08
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.99
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.18
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.76
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.10
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.10
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 59% 90% $160 15 4.92
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.43
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 25% $1,500 15 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $3,675 15 1.22
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $13,769 15 0.95
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 524
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-26 www.gepllc.com

Table C-11 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.02
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 33% 100% $100 4 0.59
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 1.28
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 32% 75% $80 15 0.49
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $100 4 1.05
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 13% 75% $375 18 1.16
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 13% 75% $375 18 1.16
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 4% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 0.95
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 12% 50% $500 18 0.95
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 27% 68% $114 11 2.39
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 6% 3% 27% 68% $114 11 2.39
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 17% 75% $320 12 0.35
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 17% 75% $320 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 1% 0% 19% 90% $266 12 2.95
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 13% 13% 19% 90% $266 12 2.95
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 13% 0% 27% 30% $215 20 5.67
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 13% 13% 27% 30% $215 20 5.67
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 4% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.52
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 4% 4% 5% 90% $923 12 0.52
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 13% 0% 3% 10% $1,550 15 0.03
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.10
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 13% 0% 70% 90% $2,500 25 0.56
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 70% 90% $2,500 25 0.56
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 6% 10% $256 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 7% 45% $90 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 6% 45% $72 8 0.05
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 5% 2% 43% 90% $24 25 6.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 6% 38% $180 13 0.65
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 71% 75% $96 10 2.84
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 9.66
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 1.86
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.66
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.04
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.58
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.07
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.36
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.17
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.57
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 12% $8,500 15 0.22
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 12% $8,500 15 0.22
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.13
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,845 15 0.99
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,946 15 0.72
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 525
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-12 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.03
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 59% 100% $100 4 0.63
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 1.46
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 60% 75% $80 15 0.79
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 5% 19% $150 18 0.41
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.02
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 15% 75% $375 18 0.94
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 15% 75% $375 18 0.94
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 51% 56% $114 11 2.78
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 51% 56% $114 11 2.78
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 46% 90% $266 12 1.80
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 46% 90% $266 12 1.80
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 79% 81% $707 20 1.00
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 79% 81% $707 20 1.00
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 5% 10% $1,550 15 0.02
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.16
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 47% 90% $7,500 25 0.37
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 47% 90% $7,500 25 0.37
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 67% 72% $750 15 0.09
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 23% 45% $90 8 0.19
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 10% 45% $72 8 0.32
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 79% 90% $24 25 4.47
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 17% 38% $180 13 0.53
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 92% 95% $96 10 2.32
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 7.91
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 1.52
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 17% 40% $194 10 0.54
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 1.67
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.65
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.08
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 4.06
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.18
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.82
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.09
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.09
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 50% 90% $160 15 4.92
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.21
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,616 15 0.88
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $11,135 15 0.62
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 526
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-28 www.gepllc.com

Table C-13 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.03
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 25% 100% $100 4 0.61
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 2.56
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 3% 23% $116 18 0.05
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 2% 11% $350 19 0.03
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 41% 75% $80 15 0.89
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 5% 19% $150 18 0.46
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 0.82
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 13% 75% $395 18 0.90
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 13% 75% $395 18 0.90
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.07
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.07
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 27% 68% $114 11 2.63
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 27% 68% $114 11 2.63
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 17% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 17% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 19% 90% $266 12 1.78
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 19% 90% $266 12 1.78
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 36% 41% $215 20 2.44
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 36% 41% $215 20 2.44
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 3% 10% $1,550 15 0.03
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.18
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 68% 90% $2,500 25 0.51
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 68% 90% $2,500 25 0.51
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 8% 10% $256 15 0.16
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 8% 45% $90 8 0.06
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 6% 45% $72 8 0.10
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 46% 90% $24 25 5.95
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 6% 38% $180 13 0.71
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 73% 75% $96 10 3.09
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 10.53
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 2.03
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.72
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.23
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.77
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.07
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.36
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.17
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.57
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $8,500 15 0.17
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $8,500 15 0.17
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 50% 90% $160 15 2.02
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.24
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 20% $1,500 15 0.51
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,970 15 1.03
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,798 15 0.69
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 527
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-29
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-14 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Single Family, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 41% 100% $125 4 0.78
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 13% 23% $97 18 0.15
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 4% 11% $200 19 0.15
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 53% 75% $160 15 1.09
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $200 18 0.92
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.69
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $250 18 1.31
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $250 18 1.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 91% 95% $114 11 2.91
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 91% 95% $114 11 2.91
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 13% 75% $180 12 0.45
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 13% 75% $180 12 0.45
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 68% 71% $634 20 0.99
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 68% 71% $634 20 0.99
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 25% 90% $923 12 0.37
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 25% 90% $923 12 0.37
Insulation ‐ Foundation Cooling 3% 0% 20% 90% $358 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Foundation Space Heating 6% 6% 20% 90% $358 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 20% 90% $236 20 1.15
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 20% 90% $236 20 1.15
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 64% 90% $300 20 0.89
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 64% 90% $300 20 0.89
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $517 15 0.17
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $267 10 0.31
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.62
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.62
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 24% 27% $500 15 0.16
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 13% 45% $90 8 0.19
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 16% 45% $72 8 0.36
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 38% 90% $24 25 11.03
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 8% 41% $50 13 4.71
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 90% 95% $48 10 11.33
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 19.30
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 3.70
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 1.31
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 4.06
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.99
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.12
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.12
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 55% 90% $160 15 5.43
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.64
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 40% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Energy Star Homes Cooling 20% 0% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Energy Star Homes Space Heating 20% 20% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Energy Star Homes Interior Lighting 20% 20% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 25% $1,500 15 0.94
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $3,675 15 1.53
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $13,769 15 1.14
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 528
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-30 www.gepllc.com

Table C-15 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 33% 100% $100 4 0.62
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 18% 75% $80 15 0.77
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $100 4 1.12
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 50% 75% $200 18 1.18
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 2% 50% 75% $200 18 1.18
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 77% 80% $114 11 2.29
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 3% 77% 80% $114 11 2.29
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 19% 75% $180 12 0.66
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 19% 75% $180 12 0.66
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 12% 0% 27% 48% $152 20 10.12
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 16% 16% 27% 48% $152 20 10.12
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.50
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 3% 3% 5% 90% $923 12 0.50
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 4% 90% $63 20 6.14
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 4% 4% 4% 90% $63 20 6.14
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 55% 90% $210 20 1.59
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 55% 90% $210 20 1.59
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 8% 0% 0% 90% $517 15 0.10
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.17
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 13% 0% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.63
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.63
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 6% 9% $256 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 1% 45% $90 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 11% 45% $72 8 0.05
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 5% 2% 11% 90% $24 25 7.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 41% $50 13 2.68
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 66% 75% $48 10 6.45
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 10.99
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 2.11
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.27
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.31
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.63
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 12% $7,900 15 0.26
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 12% $7,900 15 0.26
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.23
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 40% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.53
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,845 15 1.13
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,946 15 0.84
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 529
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-31
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-16 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 59% 100% $100 4 0.66
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 57% 75% $80 15 0.95
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $150 18 0.53
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.09
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $200 18 1.59
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $200 18 1.59
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 57% 75% $114 11 2.77
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 57% 75% $114 11 2.77
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 13% 75% $180 12 0.49
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 13% 75% $180 12 0.49
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 79% 81% $176 20 3.02
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 79% 81% $176 20 3.02
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 25% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 25% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 20% 90% $197 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 20% 90% $197 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 64% 90% $300 20 0.96
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 64% 90% $300 20 0.96
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $517 15 0.07
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.21
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 85% 90% $2,200 25 0.57
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 85% 90% $2,200 25 0.57
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 67% 72% $500 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 13% 45% $90 8 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 16% 45% $72 8 0.32
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 57% 90% $24 25 5.14
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 8% 41% $50 13 2.20
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 92% 95% $48 10 5.28
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 9.00
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 1.72
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.61
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.22
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 1.89
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.79
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.10
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.10
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 35% 90% $160 15 5.38
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.28
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 30% 0% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 30% 30% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Cooling 20% 0% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Space Heating 20% 20% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Interior Lighting 20% 20% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.44
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,616 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $11,738 15 0.69
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C-32 www.gepllc.com

Table C-17 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 25% 100% $100 4 0.65
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 15% 23% $97 18 0.07
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 5% 11% $200 19 0.07
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 33% 75% $80 15 1.03
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $150 18 0.58
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 0.87
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $210 18 1.47
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $210 18 1.47
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 29% 30% $114 11 2.54
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 29% 30% $114 11 2.54
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 19% 75% $180 12 0.46
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 19% 75% $180 12 0.46
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 36% 48% $152 20 3.20
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 36% 48% $152 20 3.20
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Foundation Cooling 3% 0% 4% 90% $358 20 1.37
Insulation ‐ Foundation Space Heating 6% 6% 4% 90% $358 20 1.37
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 4% 90% $63 20 3.46
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 4% 90% $63 20 3.46
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 59% 90% $210 20 1.19
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 59% 90% $210 20 1.19
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 0% 90% $517 15 0.08
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.23
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 78% 90% $2,200 25 0.55
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 78% 90% $2,200 25 0.55
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 8% 9% $256 15 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 0% 45% $90 8 0.06
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 11% 45% $72 8 0.10
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 11% 90% $24 25 6.84
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 41% $50 13 2.92
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 21% 75% $48 10 7.03
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 11.97
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 2.29
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.81
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.29
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.52
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.83
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $7,900 15 0.20
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $7,900 15 0.20
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 35% 90% $160 15 2.21
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.30
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 30% 0% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 30% 30% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 20% $1,500 15 0.58
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,970 15 1.18
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,798 15 0.81
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 531

Global Energy Partners D-1
An EnerNOC Company

APPENDIX D
COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA
This appendix presents detailed information for all commercial and industrial energy efficiency
equipment and measures that were evaluated in LoadMAP. Several sets of tables are provided.
Table D-1 provides brief descriptions for all equipment and measures that were assessed for
potenital.
Tables D-2 through D-9 list the detailed unit-level data for the equipment measures for each of
the C&I segments — small/medium commercial, large commercial, extra-large commercial, and
extra-large industial — and for existing and new construction, respectively. Savings are in
kWh/yr/sq.ft., and incremental costs are in $/sq.ft. The B/C ratio is zero if the measure
represents the baseline technology or if the technology is not available in the first year of the
forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast and is
available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Tables D-10 through D-17 list the detailed unit-level data for the non-equipment energy
efficiency measures for each of the segments and for existing and new construction,
respectively. Because these measures can produce energy-use savings for multiple end-use loads
(e.g., insulation affects heating and cooling energy use) savings are expressed as a percentage
of the end-use loads. Base saturation indicates the percentage of buildings in which the measure
is already installed. Applicability/Feasibility is the product of two factors that account for whether
the measure is applicable to the building. Cost is expressed in $/sq.ft. The detailed measure-level
tables present the results of the benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for the first year of the forecast. The
B/C ratio is zero if the measure represents the baseline technology or if the measure is not
available in the first year of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for
each year of the forecast and is available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Note that Tables D-2 through D-17 present information for Washington. For Idaho, savings and
B/C ratios may be slightly different due to weather-related usage, differences in the states’
market profiles, and different retail electricity prices. Although Idaho-specific values are not
presented here, they are available within the LoadMAP files.

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Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-2 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling Central Cooling Systems Commercial buildings are often cooled with a central chiller plant that 
creates chilled water for distribution throughout the facility. Chillers can 
be air source or water source, which include heat rejection via a 
condenser loop and cooling tower. Because of the wide variety of 
system types and sizes, savings and cost values for efficiency 
improvements in chiller systems represent an average over air‐ and 
water‐cooled systems, as well as screw, reciprocating, and centrifugal 
technologies. Under this simplified approach, each central system is 
characterized by an aggregate efficiency value (inclusive of chiller, 
pumps, motors and condenser loop equipment), in kW/ton with a 
further efficiency upgrade through the application of variable 
refrigerant flow technology.  
Cooling Chilled Water Variable Flow 
System 
The chilled water variable flow system is essentially a single chilled 
water loop with variable volume and speed. A single set of pumps 
operated by a VSD eliminates the need for separate distribution pumps 
and makes the chilled water flow throughout the entire system be 
variable. The use of adjustable flow limiting valves is designed to 
optimize water flow. Such valves provide flow limiting, shut‐off and 
adjustment functions, automatically compensating for changes in 
system pressure to maximize energy efficiency. 
Cooling Packaged Cooling Systems / 
Rooftop Units (RTUs) and 
Heat Pumps   
Packaged cooling systems are simple to install and maintain, and are 
commonly used in small and medium‐sized commercial buildings.  
Applications range from a single supply system with air intake filters, 
supply fan, and cooling coil, or can become more complex with the 
addition of a return air duct, return air fan, and various controls to 
optimize performance. For packaged RTUs, varying Energy Efficiency 
Ratios (EER) were considered, as well as ductless or “mini‐split” systems 
with variable refrigerant flow. For heat pumps, units with increasing EER 
and COP levels were evaluated, as well as a ductless mini‐split system.  
Cooling Packaged Terminal Air 
Conditioners (PTAC) 
Window (or wall) mounted room air conditioners (and heat pumps) are 
designed to cool (or heat) a single room or space.  This type of unit 
incorporates a complete air‐cooled refrigeration and air‐handling 
system in an individual package.  Conditioned air is discharged in 
response to thermostatic control to meet room requirements.  Each 
unit has a self‐contained, air‐cooled direct expansion (DX) cooling 
system, a heat pump or other fuel‐based heating system and associated 
controls. The energy savings increase with each incremental increase in 
efficiency, measured in terms of EER level.   
Space Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric furnace 
with a gas furnace. This measure eliminates all prior electricity 
consumption and demand due to electric space heating. In this study, it 
is assumed this measure can be implemented only in buildings within 
500 feet of a gas main. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 533
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-3
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Energy Management 
System 
An energy management system (EMS) allows managers/owners to 
monitor and control the major energy‐consuming systems within a 
commercial building.  At the minimum, the EMS can be used to monitor 
and record energy consumption of the different end‐uses in a building, 
and can control operation schedules of the HVAC and lighting systems.  
The monitoring function helps building managers/owners to identify 
systems that are operating inefficiently so that actions can be taken to 
correct the problem.  The EMS can also provide preventive maintenance 
scheduling that will reduce the cost of operations and maintenance in 
the long run.  The control functionality of the EMS allows the building 
manager/owner to operate building systems from one central location.  
The operation schedules set via the EMS help to prevent building 
systems from operating during unwanted or unoccupied periods. This 
analysis assumes that this measure is limited to buildings with a central 
HVAC system. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Economizer Economizers allow outside air (when it is cool and dry enough) to be 
brought into the building space to meet cooling loads instead of using 
mechanically cooled interior air.  A dual enthalpy economizer consists of 
indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity sensors, dampers, 
motors, and motor controls.  Economizers are most applicable to 
temperate climates and savings will be smaller in extremely hot or 
humid areas. 
Cooling VSD on Water Pumps The part‐load efficiency of chilled water loop pumps can be improved 
substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive according to the 
building demand for cooling.  There is also a reduction in piping losses 
associated with this measure that has a major impact on the energy use 
for a building.  However, pump speeds can generally only be reduced to 
a minimum specified rate, because chillers and the control valves may 
require a minimum flow rate to operate.  There are two major types of 
variable speed drives:  mechanical and electronic.  An additional benefit 
of variable‐speed drives is the ability to start and stop the motor 
gradually, thus extending the life of the motor and associated 
machinery.  This analysis assumes that electronic variable speed drives 
are installed. 
Cooling Turbocor Compressor Turbocor compressors use oil‐free magnetic bearings to reduce friction 
losses and couples that with a two‐stage centrifugal compressor to 
reduce central chiller energy consumption. 
Cooling High‐Efficiency Cooling 
Tower Fans 
High efficiency cooling tower fans utilize variable frequency drives in the 
cooling tower design. VFDs improve fan performance by adjusting fan 
speed and rotation as conditions change. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 534
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-4 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling Condenser Water 
Temperature Reset 
Chilled water reset controls save energy by improving chiller 
performance through increasing the supply chilled water temperature, 
which allows increased suction pressure during low load periods.  
Raising the chilled water temperature also reduces chilled water piping 
losses.  However, the primary savings from the chilled water reset 
measure results from chiller efficiency improvement.  This is due partly 
to the smaller temperature difference between chilled water and 
ambient air, and partly due to the sensitivity of chiller performance to 
suction temperature. 
Cooling Maintenance  Filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and maintenance for the 
heat pump or roof top unit to function effectively and efficiently 
throughout its years of service. Neglecting necessary maintenance leads 
to a steady decline in performance while energy use increases.  
Maintenance can increase the efficiency of poorly performing 
equipment by as much as 10%. 
Cooling Evaporative Precooler Evaporative precooling can improve the performance of air conditioning 
systems, most commonly RTUs. These systems typically use indirect 
evaporative cooling as a first stage to pre‐cool outside air. If the 
evaporative system cannot meet the full cooling load, the air steam is 
further cooled with conventional refrigerative air conditioning 
technology.    
Cooling Roof‐ High Reflectivity 
(Cool Roof) 
The color and material of a building structure surface will determine the 
amount of solar radiation absorbed by that surface and subsequently 
transferred into a building. This is called solar absorptance. By using a 
material or painting the roof with a light color (and a lower solar 
absorptance), the roof will absorb less solar radiation and consequently 
reduce the cooling load.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Green Roofs A green roof covers a section or the entire building roof with a 
waterproof membrane and vegetative material. Like cool roofs, green 
roofs can reduce solar absorptance and they can also provide insulation. 
They also provide non‐energy benefits by absorbing rainwater and thus 
reducing storm water run‐off, providing wildlife habitat, and reducing 
so‐called urban heat island effects. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation 
HVAC Retrocommissioning Over time, the performance of complex mechanical systems providing 
heating and cooling to existing commercial spaces degrades as a result 
of inappropriate changes to or overrides of controls, deteriorating 
equipment, clogged filters, changing demands and schedules, and 
pressure imbalances. Retrocommissioning is a comprehensive analysis 
of an entire system in which an engineer assesses shortcomings in 
system performance, and then optimizes through a process of tune‐up, 
maintenance, and reprogramming of control or automation software. 
Energy efficiency programs throughout the country promote 
retrocommissioning as a means of greatly reducing energy consumption 
in existing buildings. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 535
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-5
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Comprehensive 
Retrocommissioning 
Comprehensive retrocommissioning covers not only HVAC and lighting, 
but other existing building systems as well. For example, it can improve 
efficiency of non‐HVAC motors, vertical transport systems, and 
domestic hot water systems.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation, 
Interior 
Lighting/Exteri
or Lighting 
HVAC Commissioning  

Lighting Commissioning  

Comprehensive 
Commissioning 
For new construction and major renovations, commissioning ensures 
that building systems are properly designed, specified, and installed to 
meet the design intent and provide high‐efficiency performance. As the 
names suggests, HVAC Commissioning and Lighting Commissioning 
focus only on HVAC and lighting equipment and controls. 
Comprehensive commissioning addresses these systems but usually 
begins earlier in the design process, and may also address domestic hot 
water, non‐HVAC fans, vertical transport, telecommunications, fire 
protection, and other building systems. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Advanced New 
Construction Designs 
Advanced new construction designs use an integrated approach to the 
design of new buildings to account for the interaction of building 
systems. Typically, architects and engineers work closely to specify the 
building orientation, building shell, building mechanical systems, and 
controls strategies with the goal of optimizing building energy efficiency 
and comfort. Options that may be evaluated and incorporated include 
passive solar strategies, increased thermal mass, daylighting strategies, 
and shading strategies, This measure was modeled for new construction 
only. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Programmable Thermostat A programmable thermostat can be added to most heating/cooling 
systems.  They are typically used during winter to lower temperatures 
at night and in summer to increase temperatures during the afternoon.  
There are two‐setting models, and well as models that allow separate 
programming for each day of the week.  The energy savings from this 
type of thermostat are identical to those of a "setback" strategy with 
standard thermostats, but the convenience of a programmable 
thermostat makes it a much more attractive option.  In this analysis, the 
baseline is assumed to have no thermostat setback. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Duct Repair and Sealing An ideal duct system would be free of leaks.  Leakage in unsealed ducts 
varies considerably because of the differences in fabricating machinery 
used, the methods for assembly, installation workmanship, and age of 
the ductwork.  Air leaks from the system to the outdoors result in a 
direct loss proportional to the amount of leakage and the difference in 
enthalpy between the outdoor air and the conditioned air.  To seal 
ducts, a wide variety of sealing methods and products exist.  Each has a 
relatively short shelf life, and no documented research has identified 
the aging characteristics of sealant applications.  This analysis assumes 
that the baseline air loss from ducts has doubled, and conducting repair 
and sealing of the ducts will restore leakage from ducts to the original 
baseline level. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 536
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-6 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Duct Insulation Air distribution ducts can be insulated to reduce heating or cooling 
losses.  Best results can be achieved by covering the entire surface area 
with insulation.  Insulation material inhibits the transfer of heat through 
the air‐supply duct.  Several types of ducts and duct insulation are 
available, including flexible duct, pre‐insulated duct, duct board, duct 
wrap, tacked, or glued rigid insulation, and waterproof hard shell 
materials for exterior ducts.   
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Insulation – Radiant Barrier Radiant barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation. When a 
radiant barrier is installed beneath the roofing material much of the 
heat radiated from a hot roof is reflected back to the roof limiting the 
amount of heat emitted downwards.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
High‐Efficiency Windows High‐efficiency windows, such as those labeled under the ENERGY STAR 
Program, are designed to reduce a building's energy bill while increasing 
comfort for the occupants at the same time.  High‐efficiency windows 
have reducing properties that reduce the amount of heat transfer 
through the glazing surface.  For example, some windows have a low‐E 
coating, which is a thin film of metallic oxide coating on the glass 
surface that allows passage of short‐wave solar energy through glass 
and prevents long‐wave energy from escaping.  Another example is 
double‐pane glass that reduces conductive and convective heat 
transfer.  There are also double‐pane glasses that are gas‐filled (usually 
argon) to further increase the insulating properties of the window. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Ceiling and Wall Cavity  
Insulation 
Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are 
used to inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and 
radiative transfer modes.  Thus, thermal insulation can conserve energy 
by reducing the heat loss or gain of a building.  The type of building 
construction defines insulating possibilities.  Typical insulating materials 
include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose; loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass; and 
rigid polystyrene. 
Ventilation Cooking – Exhaust Hoods 
with Sensor Controls 
Improved exhaust hoods involve installing variable‐speed controls on 
commercial kitchen hoods. These controls provide ventilation based on 
actual cooking loads. When grills, broilers, stoves, fryers or other 
kitchen appliances are not being used, the controls automatically sense 
the reduced load and decrease the fan speed accordingly. This results in 
lower energy consumption because the system is only running as 
needed rather than at 100% capacity at all times. 
Ventilation Variable Air Volume A variable air volume ventilation system modulates the air flow rate as 
needed based on the interior conditions of the building to reduce fan 
load, improve dehumidification, and reduce energy usage. 
Ventilation Fans – Energy Efficient 
Motors 
High‐efficiency motors are essentially interchangeable with standard 
motors, but differences in construction make them more efficient.  
Energy‐efficient motors achieve their improved efficiency by reducing 
the losses that occur in the conversion of electrical energy to 
mechanical energy.  This analysis assumes that the efficiency of supply 
fans is increased by 5% due to installing energy‐efficient motors. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 537
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-7
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Ventilation Fans – Variable Speed 
Control (VSD) 
The part‐load efficiency of ventilation fans can be improved 
substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive.  There are two 
major types of variable speed controls:  mechanical and electronic.  An 
additional benefit of variable‐speed controls is the ability to start and 
stop the motor gradually, thus extending the life of the motor and 
associated machinery. This analysis assumes that electronic variable 
speed controls are installed. 
Water Heating High‐Efficiency Water 
Heater Systems 
Efficient electric water heaters are characterized by a high recovery or 
thermal efficiency (percentage of delivered electric energy which is 
transferred to the water) and low standby losses (the ratio of heat lost 
per hour to the content of the stored water). Included in the savings 
associated with high‐efficiency electric water heaters are timers that 
allow temperature setpoints to change with hot water demand 
patterns. For example, the heating element could be shut off 
throughout the night, increasing the overall energy factor of the unit. In 
addition, tank and pipe insulation reduces standby losses and therefore 
reduces the demands on the water heater. This analysis considers 
conventional electric water heaters with efficiency greater than 96%, as 
well as geothermal heat pump water heaters for effective efficiency 
greater than one. Solar water heating was evaluated as well. 
Water Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric water 
heater with a gas‐fired water heater. This measure will eliminate all 
prior electricity consumption and demand due to electric water heating. 
In this study, it is assumed that this measure can be implemented only 
in buildings within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Water Heating Heat Pump Water Heater Heat pump water heaters use heat pump technology to extract heat 
from the ambient surroundings and transfer it to a hot water tank. 
These devices are available as an alternative to conventional tank water 
heaters of 55 gallons or larger.   
Water Heating Faucet Aerators/Low Flow 
Nozzles 
A faucet aerator or low flow nozzle spreads the stream from a faucet 
helping to reduce water usage. The amount of water passing through 
the aerator is measured in gallons per minute (GPM) and the lower the 
GPM the more water the aerator conserves.  
Water Heating Pipe Insulation Insulating hot water pipes decreases the amount of energy lost during 
distribution of hot water throughout the building. Insulating pipes will 
result in quicker delivery of hot water and allows lowering the water 
heating set point. There are several different types of insulation, the 
most common being polyethylene and neoprene.       
Water Heating High‐Efficiency Circulation 
Pump 
A high efficiency circulation pump uses an electronically commutated 
motor (ECM) to improve motor efficiency over a larger range of partial 
loads. In addition, an ECM allows for improved low RPM performance 
with greater torque and smaller pump dimensions. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 538
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-8 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Water Heating Tank Blanket/Insulation Insulation levels on domestic hot water heaters can be increased by 
installing a fiberglass blanket on the outside of the tank. This increase in 
insulation reduces standby losses and thus saves energy.  Water heater 
insulation is available either by the blanket or by square foot of 
fiberglass insulation with R‐values ranging from 5 to 14.   
Water Heating Thermostat Setback Installing a setback thermostat on the water heater can lead to 
significant energy savings during periods when there is no one in the 
building.   
Water Heating Hot Water Saver A hot water saver is a plumbing device that attaches to the showerhead 
and that pauses the flow of water until the water is hot enough for use. 
The water is re‐started by the flip of a switch. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lamp Replacement 
(Interior Screw‐in, HID, and 
Linear Fluorescent 
 Exterior Screw‐in, HID, and 
Linear Fluorescent) 
Commercial lighting differs from the residential sector in that efficiency 
changes typically require more than the simple purchase and quick 
installation of a screw‐in compact fluorescent lamp. Restrictions 
regarding ballasts, fixtures, and circuitry limit the potential for direct 
substitution of one lamp type for another. However, such replacements 
do exist. For example, screw‐in incandescent lamps can readily be 
replaced with CFLs or LEDs. Also, during the buildout for a leased office 
space, the management could decide to replace all T12 lamps and 
magnetic ballasts with T8/electronic ballast configurations. This type of 
decision‐making is modeled on a stock turnover basis because of the 
time between opportunities for upgrades. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lighting 
Retrocommissioning 
Lighting retrocommissioning projects in existing commercial buildings 
do not require an event such as a tenant turnover, a major renovation, 
or an update to electrical circuits to drive its adoption. Rather, a 
decision‐maker can decide at any time to perform a comprehensive 
audit of a facility's lighting systems, followed by an upgrade of 
equipment (lamps, ballasts, fixtures, reflectors), controls (occupancy 
sensors, daylighting controls, and central automation).  
Interior 
Lighting  
Delamping and Install 
Reflectors 
While sometimes included in lighting retrofit projects, delamping is 
often performed as a separate energy efficiency measure in which a 
lighting engineer analyzes the lighting provided by current systems 
compared to the requirements of building occupants. This often leads 
to the removal of unnecessary lamps corresponding to an overall 
reduction in energy usage. .In addition, installing a reflector in each 
fixture can improve light distribution from the remaining lamps.   
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lighting Time Clocks and 
Timers 
While outdoor lighting is typically required only at night, in many cases 
lighting remains on during daylight hours. A simple timer can set a 
diurnal schedule for outdoor lighting and thus reduce the operating 
hours by as much as 50%. 
Interior 
Lighting 
Central Lighting Controls Central lighting control systems provide building‐wide control of interior 
lighting to ensure that lights are properly scheduled based on expected 
building occupancy. Individual zones or circuits can be controlled. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 539
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Interior 
Lighting 
Photocell Controlled T8 
Dimming Ballasts 
Photocells, in concert with dimming ballasts, can detect when adequate 
daylighting is available and dim or turn off lights to reduce electricity 
consumption. Usually one photocell is used to control a group of 
fixtures, a zone, or a circuit.  
Interior 
Lighting 
Bi‐Level Fixture with 
Occupancy  Sensor 
Bi‐level fixtures with occupancy sensors detect when a space is 
unoccupied and reduce light output to a lower level. These devices  
Interior 
Lighting 
High Bay Fixtures Fluorescent fixtures designed for high‐bay applications have several 
advantages over similar HID fixtures: lower energy consumption, lower 
lumen depreciation rates, better dimming options, faster start‐up and 
restrike, better color rendition, more pupil lumens, and reduced glare.  
Interior 
Lighting 
Occupancy Sensor The installation of occupancy sensors allows lights to be turned off 
during periods when a space is unoccupied, virtually eliminating the 
wasted energy due to lights being left on. There are several types of 
occupancy sensors in the market.  
Interior 
Lighting 
LED Exit Lighting The lamps inside exit signs represent a significant energy end‐use, since 
they usually operate 24 hours per day.  Many old exit signs use 
incandescent lamps, which consume approximately 40 watts per sign.  
The incandescent lamps can be replaced with LED lamps that are 
specially designed for this specific purpose.  In comparison, the LED 
lamps consume approximately 2‐5 watts. 
Interior 
Lighting 
Task Lighting In commercial facilities, individual work areas can use task lighting 
instead of brightly lighting the entire area.  Significant energy savings 
can be realized by focusing light directly where it is needed and 
lowering the general lighting level.  An example of task lighting is the 
common desk lamp.  A 25W desk lamp can be installed in place of a 
typical lamp in a fixture. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Cooling 
Hotel Guestroom Controls Hotel guestrooms can be fitted with occupancy controls that turn off 
energy‐using equipment when the guest is not using the room.  The 
occupancy controls comes in several forms, but this analysis assumes 
the simplest kind, which is a simple switch near the room’s entry where 
the guest can deposit their room key or card. If the key or card is 
present, then lights, TV, and air conditioning can receive power and 
operate. When the guest leaves and takes the key, all equipment shuts 
off. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Daylighting Controls Daylighting controls use a photosensor to detect ambient light and turn 
off exterior lights accordingly.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 540
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-10 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Photovoltaic Lighting Outdoor photovoltaic (PV) lighting systems use PV panels (or modules), 
which convert sunlight to electricity.  The electricity is stored in 
batteries for use at night.  They can be cost effective relative to 
installing power cables and/or step down transformers for relatively 
small lighting loads. The "nightly run time" listings on most "off‐the‐
shelf" products are based on specific sunlight conditions. Systems 
located in places that receive less sunlight than the system is designed 
for will operate for fewer hours per night than expected. Nightly run 
times may also vary depending on how clear the sky is on any given day. 
Shading of the PV panel by landscape features (vegetation, buildings, 
etc.) will also have a large impact on battery charging and performance.  
Open areas with no shading, such as parking lots, are ideal places where 
PV lighting systems can be used. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Cold Cathode Lighting Cold cathode lighting does not use an external heat source to provide 
thermionic emission of electrons. Cold cathode lighting is typically used 
for exterior signage or where temperatures are likely to drop below 
freezing. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Induction Lamps Induction lamps use a contactless bulb and rely on electromagnetic 
fields to transfer power. This allows for the lamp to utilize more 
efficient materials that would otherwise react with metal electrodes. In 
addition, the lack of an electrode significantly extends lamp life while 
reducing lumen depreciation. 
Office 
Equipment 
Desktop and Laptop 
Computing Equipment 
ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled computers 
automatically power down to 15 watts or less when not in use and may 
actually last longer than conventional products because they spend a 
large portion of time in a low‐power sleep mode.  ENERGY STAR labeled 
computers also generate less heat than conventional models. The 
ClimateSavers Initiative, made up of leading computer processor 
manufacturers, has stated a goal of reducing power consumption in 
active mode by 50% by integrating innovative power management into 
the chip design process. 
Office 
Equipment 
Monitors ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled monitors 
automatically power down to 15 watts or less when not in use. 
Office 
Equipment 
Servers In addition to the "sleep" mode a reductions and the efficient 
processors being designed by members of the ClimateSavers Initiative, 
servers have additional energy‐saving opportunities through 
"virtualization" and other architecture solutions that involve optimal 
matching of computation tasks to hardware requirements 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 541
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-11
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Office 
Equipment 
Printers/Copiers/ Fax/ POS 
Terminals 
ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled copiers are 
equipped with a feature that allows them to automatically turn off after 
a period of inactivity, reducing a copier's annual electricity costs by over 
60%.  High‐speed copiers that include a duplexing unit that is set to 
automatically make double‐sided copies can reduce paper costs and 
help to save trees. 
Office 
Equipment 
ENERGY STAR Power 
Supply 
Power supplies with an efficient ac‐dc or ac‐ac conversion process can 
obtain the ENERGY STAR label. These devices can be used to power 
computers, phones, and other office equipment.  
Refrigeration Walk‐in Refrigeration 
Systems 
Standard compressors typically operate at approximately 65% 
efficiency. High‐efficiency models are available that can improve 
compressor efficiency by 15%. 
Refrigeration Glass Door and Solid Door 
Refrigeration Units (Reach‐
in /Open Display 
Case/Vending Machine) 

Door Gasket Replacement 

High Efficiency Case 
Lighting 
In addition to walk‐in, "cold‐storage" refrigeration, a significant amount 
of energy in the commercial sector can be attributed to "reach‐in" units. 
These stand‐alone appliances can range from a residential‐style 
refrigerator/freezer unit in an office kitchen or the breakroom of a retail 
store to the refrigerated display cases in some grocery or convenience 
stores. As in the case of residential units, these refrigerators can be 
designed to perform at higher efficiency through a combination of 
compressor equipment upgrades, default temperature settings, and 
defrost patterns.  
Other measures for these units are replacing aging door gaskets that no 
longer adequately seal the case, and replacing inefficient display lights 
with CFL or LED systems to reduce internal heat gains in the cases.  
Refrigeration Open Display Case Glass doors can be used to enclose multi‐deck display cases for 
refrigerated items in supermarkets.  In addition, more efficient units are 
designed to perform at higher efficiency through a combination of 
compressor equipment upgrades, default temperature settings, and 
defrost patterns. 
Refrigeration Anti‐Sweat Heater/ Auto 
Door Closer Controls 
Anti‐sweat heaters are used in virtually all low‐temperature display 
cases and many medium‐temperature cases to control humidity and 
prevent the condensation of water vapor on the sides and doors and on 
the products contained in the cases.  Typically, these heaters stay on all 
the time, even though they only need to be on about half the time. 
Anti‐sweat heater controls can come in the form of humidity sensors or 
time clocks. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 542
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-12 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Refrigeration Floating Head Pressure 
Controls 
Floating head pressure control allows the pressure in the condenser to 
"float" with ambient temperatures. This method reduces refrigeration 
compression ratios, improves system efficiency and extends the 
compressor life. The greatest savings with a floating head pressure 
approach occurs when the ambient temperatures are low, such as in 
the winter season.  Floating head pressure control is most practical for 
new installations. However, retrofits installation can be completed with 
some existing refrigeration systems. Installing floating head pressure 
control increases the capacity of the compressor when temperatures 
are low, which may lead to short cycling. 
Refrigeration Bare Suction Lines Insulating bare suction lines reduces heat  
Refrigeration Night Covers Night covers can be used on open refrigeration cases when a facility is 
closed or few customers are in the store.  
Refrigeration Strip Curtain Strip curtains at the entrances to large walk‐in coolers or freezers, such 
as those used in supermarkets, reduce air transfer between the 
refrigerated space and the surrounding space.  
Refrigeration Icemakers In certain building types (restaurant, hotel), the production of ice is a 
significant usage of electricity. By optimizing the timing of ice 
production and the type of output to the specific application, icemakers 
are assumed to deliver electricity savings. 
Refrigeration Vending Machine ‐ 
Controller 
Cold beverage vending machines usually operate 24 hours a day 
regardless of whether the surrounding area is occupied or not.  The 
result is that the vending machine consumes energy unnecessarily, 
because it will operate all night to keep the beverage cold even when 
there would be no customer until the next morning.  A vending machine 
controller can reduce energy consumption without compromising the 
temperature of the vended product. The controller uses an infrared 
sensor to monitor the surrounding area’s occupancy and will power 
down the vending machine when the area is unoccupied.  It will also 
monitor the room’s temperature and will re ‐power the machine at one 
to three hour intervals independent of occupancy to ensure that the 
product stays cold.   
Food Service Kitchen Equipment Commercial cooking and food preparation equipment represent a 
significant contribution to energy consumption in restaurants and other 
food service applications. By replacing old units with efficient ones, this 
energy consumption can be greatly reduced. These measures include 
fryers, commercial ovens, dishwashers, hot food containers and 
miscellaneous other food preparation equipment. Savings range 
between 15 and 65%, depending on the specific unit being replaced. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting, Food 
Preparation, 
Refrigeration 
Custom Measures Custom measures were included in the CPA analysis to serve as a “catch 
all” for measures for which costs and savings are not easily quantified 
and that could be part of a program such as Avista’s existing Site‐
Specific incentive program. Costs and energy savings were assumed 
such that the measures passed the economic screen.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 543
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-13
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC motor Because the Small/Medium Commercial and Large Commercial 
segments include some industrial customers, the CPA analysis included 
equipment upgrades for non‐HVAC motors. This equipment measure 
also incorporates improvements for vertical transport. Premium 
efficiency motors reduce the amount of lost energy going into heat 
rather than power.  Since less heat is generated, less energy is needed 
to cool the motor with a fan.  Therefore, the initial cost of energy 
efficient motors is generally higher than for standard motors. However 
their life‐cycle costs can make them far more economical because of 
savings they generate in operating expense. 
Premium efficiency motors can provide savings of 0.5% to 3% over 
standard motors.  The savings results from the fact that energy efficient 
motors run cooler than their standard counterparts, resulting in an 
increase in the life of the motor insulation and bearing.  In general, an 
efficient motor is a more reliable motor because there are fewer 
winding failures, longer periods between needed maintenance, and 
fewer forced outages.  For example, using copper instead of aluminum 
in the windings, and increasing conductor cross‐sectional area, lowers a 
motor’s I2R losses. 
Miscellaneous Pumps – Variable Speed 
Control 
The part‐load efficiency of chilled and hot water loop pumps can be 
improved substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive 
according to the building demand for heating or cooling. There is also a 
reduction in piping losses associated with this measure that has a major 
impact on the heating loads and energy use for a building. However, 
pump speeds can generally only be reduced to a minimum specified 
rate, because chillers, boilers, and the control valves may require a 
minimum flow rate to operate. There are two major types of variable 
speed controls:  mechanical and electronic.  An additional benefit of 
variable‐speed drives is the ability to start and stop the motor gradually, 
thus extending the life of the motor and associated machinery. This 
analysis assumes that electronic variable speed controls are installed. 
Miscellaneous Laundry – High Efficiency  
Clothes Washer 
High efficiency clothes washers use designs that require less water.  
These machines use sensors to match the hot water needs to the load, 
preventing energy waste. There are two designs:  top‐loading and front‐
loading. Further energy and water savings can be achieved through 
advanced technologies such as inverter‐drive or combination washer‐
dryer units. 
Miscellaneous ENERGY STAR Water Cooler An ENERGY STAR water cooler has more insulation and improved 
chilling mechanisms, resulting in about half the energy use of a standard 
cooler. 
Miscellaneous Industrial Process 
Improvements  
Because the Avista C&I sector segmentation was based on Avista’s rate 
classes, the commercial building segments include a small percentage 
or industrial business types. This measure was included to account for 
energy efficiency potential that could be achieved through various 
process improvements at these customers.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 544
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-14 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Machine Drive. Motors, Premium 
Efficiency 
Premium efficiency motors reduce the amount of lost energy going into 
heat rather than power.  Since less heat is generated, less energy is 
needed to cool the motor with a fan.  Therefore, the initial cost of 
energy efficient motors is generally higher than for standard motors.  
However their life‐cycle costs can make them far more economical 
because of savings they generate in operating expense. 
Premium efficiency motors can provide savings of 0.5% to 3% over 
standard motors.  The savings results from the fact that energy efficient 
motors run cooler than their standard counterparts, resulting in an 
increase in the life of the motor insulation and bearing.  In general, an 
efficient motor is a more reliable motor because there are fewer 
winding failures, longer periods between needed maintenance, and 
fewer forced outages.  For example, using copper instead of aluminum 
in the windings, and increasing conductor cross‐sectional area, lowers a 
motor’s I2R losses. 
This analysis assumes 75% loading factor (for peak efficiency) for 1800 
rpm motor.  Hours of operation vary depending on horsepower size. In 
addition, improved drives and controls are assumed to be implemented 
along with the motors, resulting in savings as high as 10% of annual 
energy consumption 
Machine Drive Motors – Variable 
Frequency Drive 
In addition to energy savings, VFDs increase motor and system life and 
provide a greater degree of control over the motor system. Especially 
for motor systems handling fluids, VFDs can efficiently respond to 
changing operating conditions.  
Machine Drive Magnetic Adjustable 
Speed Drive 
To allow for adjustable speed operation, this technology uses magnetic 
induction to couple a drive to its load. Varying the magnetic slip within 
the coupling controls the speed of the output shaft.  Magnetic drives 
perform best at the upper end of the speed range due to the energy 
consumed by the slip. Unlike traditional ASDs, magnetically coupled 
ASDs create no power distortion on the electrical system. However, 
magnetically coupled ASD efficiency is best when power needs are 
greatest. VFDs may show greater efficiency when the average load 
speed is below 90% of the motor speed, however this occurs when 
power demands are reduced. 
Machine Drive Compressed Air – System 
Controls, Optimization and 
Improvements, 
Maintenance 
Controls for compressed air systems can shift load from two partially 
loaded compressors to one compressor in order to maximize 
compression efficiency and may also involve the addition of VFDs. 
Improvements include installing high‐efficiency motors. Maintenance 
includes fixing air leaks and replacing air filters. 
Machine Drive Fan Systems – Controls, 
Optimization and 
Maintenance 
Certain practices require a consistent flow rate, such as indoor air 
quality and clean room ventilation. To achieve this, fan flow controls 
can be used to maintain precise volume flow control ensuring a 
constant air delivery even on fluctuating pressure conditions. This is 
done through programmable circuitry to electronically control fan 
motor speed. Motors can be configured to accept a signal from a 
controller that would vary the flow rate in direct proportion to the 
signal. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 545
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-15
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Machine Drive Pumping Systems – 
Controls, Optimization and 
Maintenance 
Pumping systems optimization includes installing VFDs, correctly 
resizing the motors, and installing timers and automated on‐off 
controls. Maintenance includes repairing diaphragms and fixing piping 
leaks. 
Process Process 
Cooling/Refrigeration 
Because of the customized nature of industrial cooling and refrigeration 
applications, a variety of opportunities are summarized as a general 
improvement in cooling and cold storage equipment. Costs and savings 
were developed using average values for this group of measures from 
the Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Process Heating Because of the customized nature of industrial heating applications, a 
variety of opportunities are summarized as a general improvement in 
process heating equipment, such as arc furnaces. Costs and savings 
were developed using average values for this group of measures from 
the Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Electrochemical Process Because of the customized nature of industrial electrochemical 
applications, a variety of opportunities are summarized as a general 
improvement in equipment and processes. Costs and savings were 
developed using average values for this group of measures from the 
Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Refrigeration – System 
Controls, Maintenance, 
and Optimization 
Because refrigeration equipment performance degrades over time and 
control settings are frequently overridden, these measures account for 
savings that can be achieved through system maintenance and controls 
optimization. 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 546
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-16 www.gepllc.com

Table D-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Comm., Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.29             $0.39 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.35             $0.50 20 0.51          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.73             $0.62 20 1.90          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.77             $0.74 20 1.39          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.01             $11.57 20 0.07          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.18 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.43             $0.35 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.57             $0.58 16 0.49          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.69             $5.12 16 0.05          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.08 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.16 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.43 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.33             $0.96 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.57             $0.39 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.90             $1.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.20             $1.57 15 0.98          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.31             $1.96 15 0.68          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.46             $11.50 20 0.10          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.30             $1.22 15 1.07          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.23             $0.09 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.94             $0.03 7 16.50       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.04             $1.18 12 0.84          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.30             ($0.07) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.30             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.91             $0.25 6 1.73          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.95             $0.43 6 1.06          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.99             $3.74 15 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.14             $0.05 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.60             $0.02 7 17.60       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.60             $0.05 4 3.16          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.66             $0.64 12 0.90          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.22             ($0.13) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.24             $0.55 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.12          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.69          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.05             $0.24 15 0.22          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.10             $0.02 15 5.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.33             $3.53 15 0.43          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.46             $3.03 15 0.55          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.80          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 547
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Med. Comm., Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.39             $0.36 12 1.02          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.02             $0.05 12 0.36          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.40             $0.16 12 2.29          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.07          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient ‐               $0.09 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.16             $0.00 18 56.08       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.19             $0.02 18 9.87          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.00 18 0.24          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.11             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.20             $0.00 10 46.48       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 12.76       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.19             $0.00 4 23.04       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.27             $0.36 4 0.23          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 7.34          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.03             $0.12 4 0.08          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.12             $0.01 3 2.14          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.22             $0.00 4 19.68       
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.09             $0.04 6 0.98          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.03             $0.00 4 2.96          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.05             $0.06 15 0.95          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.07             $0.11 15 0.72          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.08             $0.11 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 548
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-18 www.gepllc.com

Table D-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.30             $0.26 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.36             $0.33 20 0.83          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.75             $0.41 20 3.11          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.79             $0.49 20 2.28          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.04             $7.63 20 0.11          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.13 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.45             $0.25 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.59             $0.41 16 0.75          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.72             $3.67 16 0.07          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.09 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.17 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.46 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.34             $1.03 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.46             $0.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.73             $0.55 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 0.97             $0.73 15 1.85          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.07             $0.91 15 1.28          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.19             $5.35 20 0.19          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.03             $1.22 15 0.86          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.19             $0.08 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.78             $0.03 7 14.13       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.87             $1.11 12 0.72          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.31             ($0.08) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.30             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.89             $0.25 6 1.66          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.92             $0.42 6 1.02          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.97             $3.67 15 0.32          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.08             $0.01 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.34             $0.01 7 34.02       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.34             $0.02 4 6.10          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.38             $0.19 12 1.73          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.19             ($0.11) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.20             $0.45 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.18          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.72          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.05             $0.24 15 0.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.12             $0.02 15 5.71          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.54             $3.53 15 0.46          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.69             $3.03 15 0.60          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.07             $0.02 12 3.52          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 549
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-19
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.75             $0.46 12 1.43          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.07             $0.10 12 0.58          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.35             $0.30 12 0.99          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.01             $0.03 12 0.24          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.15             $1.26 18 0.13          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.13             $0.01 18 24.96       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.30             $0.08 18 4.39          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.04 18 0.16          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.15             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.23             $0.00 10 20.70       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.11             $0.02 12 5.62          
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.35             $0.00 4 47.46       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.50             $0.32 4 0.46          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 15.12       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.06 4 0.17          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.13             $0.01 3 4.41          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.19             $0.01 4 9.14          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.08             $0.02 6 2.02          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.01             $0.00 4 2.94          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.06             $0.06 15 0.92          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.08             $0.13 15 0.69          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.09             $0.13 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 550
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-20 www.gepllc.com

Table D-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 0.43             $0.09 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 0.49             $0.18 20 0.66          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 0.57             $0.25 20 0.91          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 0.69             $0.44 20 0.78          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 0.72             $0.53 20 0.69          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 0.77             $0.62 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.00             $10.92 20 0.05          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.20             $0.24 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.41             $0.45 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.53             $0.75 16 0.37          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.65             $6.64 16 0.03          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.08             $0.06 14 1.09          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.19             $0.12 14 1.28          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.22             $0.32 14 0.55          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.30             $0.71 14 0.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.50             $0.24 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.79             $0.73 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.06             $0.97 15 1.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.16             $1.21 15 0.93          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.29             $7.10 20 0.14          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.21             $1.22 15 1.01          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.30             $0.14 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 1.25             $0.06 7 13.22       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.38             $1.90 12 0.67          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.13             ($0.05) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.20             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.59             $0.21 6 1.31          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.61             $0.35 6 0.80          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.64             $3.08 15 0.25          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.02             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.10             $0.00 7 37.00       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.10             $0.00 4 6.64          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.11             $0.05 12 1.89          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.26             ($0.16) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.28             $0.64 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.01             $0.00 6 1.12          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.01             $0.01 6 0.69          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.01             $0.06 15 0.22          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.19             $0.02 15 9.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2.47             $3.53 15 0.80          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2.72             $3.03 15 1.02          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 551
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.00 12 6.02          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.85             $0.38 12 2.11          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.57          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.17             $0.22 12 0.73          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.15          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.06             $0.05 18 1.42          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.04             $0.00 18 78.11       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.27             $0.02 18 12.81       
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.01             $0.03 18 0.34          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.16             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.24             $0.00 10 68.21       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 17.60       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.25             $0.00 4 32.37       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.35             $0.33 4 0.32          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 10.31       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.10 4 0.12          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.06             $0.00 3 3.01          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.11             $0.01 4 6.80          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.02             $0.01 6 1.38          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.00             $0.00 4 2.01          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.03             $0.03 15 1.02          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.04             $0.03 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.05             $0.07 15 0.76          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.05             $0.07 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013) 0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 552
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-22 www.gepllc.com

Table D-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 1.61             $0.33 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 1.82             $0.66 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 2.15             $0.93 20 0.94          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 2.58             $1.59 20 0.80          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 2.68             $1.92 20 0.71          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 2.90             $2.25 20 0.70          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 3.74             $39.62 20 0.06          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.56             $0.39 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 1.12             $0.73 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 1.47             $1.22 16 0.62          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 1.79             $10.83 16 0.06          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.20             $0.06 14 2.79          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.47             $0.11 14 3.27          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.55             $0.31 14 1.41          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.75             $0.69 14 0.87          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 1.07             $0.92 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 1.69             $2.75 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 2.25             $3.66 15 0.75          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 2.47             $4.58 15 0.52          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 2.74             $26.86 20 0.08          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 7.66             $1.22 15 6.38          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.09             $0.04 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.38             $0.02 7 14.80       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.42             $0.52 12 0.75          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.46             ($0.14) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.10             ($0.01) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.31             $0.08 6 1.73          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.32             $0.14 6 1.06          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.33             $1.21 15 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.01             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.02             $0.00 7 15.02       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.02             $0.00 4 2.69          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.03             $0.03 12 0.77          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.07             ($0.04) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.08             $0.18 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.00             $0.00 6 1.16          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.00             $0.00 6 0.71          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.00             $0.01 15 0.22          
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Efficient 18.88           $5.59 10 2.49          
Process Process Heating Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Heating Efficient 6.18             $0.57 10 7.97          
Process Electrochemical Process Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 553
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Process Electrochemical Process Efficient 13.16           $2.64 10 3.67          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency 0.05             $0.02 10 2.08          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard (2015)0.07             $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium 0.07             $0.03 10 1.66          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency (2015)0.11             $0.02 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium (2015)0.14             $0.03 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP High 0.11             $0.02 10 5.09          
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Premium 0.18             $0.03 10 4.07          
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP High 0.31             $0.02 10 13.72       
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Premium 0.49             $0.03 10 10.97       
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP High 0.12             $0.02 10 5.17          
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Premium 0.15             $0.03 10 3.44          
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP High 0.35             $0.02 10 15.66       
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Premium 0.47             $0.03 10 10.44       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 500 and more HP High 0.59             $0.02 10 26.28       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Premium 0.78             $0.03 10 17.52       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 554
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-24 www.gepllc.com

Table D-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.29             $0.39 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.35             $0.50 20 0.51          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.73             $0.62 20 1.90          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.77             $0.74 20 1.39          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.01             $11.57 20 0.07          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.18 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.43             $0.35 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.57             $0.58 16 0.49          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.69             $5.12 16 0.05          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.08 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.16 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.43 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.33             $0.96 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.57             $0.39 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.90             $1.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.20             $1.57 15 0.98          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.31             $1.96 15 0.68          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.46             $11.50 20 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.75             $20.69 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.64             $1.22 15 1.35          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.20             $0.09 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.85             $0.03 7 14.85       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.93             $1.18 12 0.76          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.27             ($0.07) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.27             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.82             $0.25 6 1.56          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.85             $0.43 6 0.95          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.89             $3.74 15 0.30          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.13             $0.05 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.54             $0.02 7 15.84       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.54             $0.05 4 2.84          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.60             $0.64 12 0.81          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.20             ($0.13) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.22             $0.55 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.01          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.62          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.04             $0.24 15 0.20          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.10             $0.02 15 5.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.33             $3.53 15 0.43          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.46             $3.03 15 0.55          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.80          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 555
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Commercial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.39             $0.36 12 1.02          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.02             $0.05 12 0.36          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.40             $0.16 12 2.29          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.07          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient ‐               $0.09 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.16             $0.00 18 56.08       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.19             $0.02 18 9.87          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.00 18 0.24          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.11             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.20             $0.00 10 46.48       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 12.76       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.19             $0.00 4 23.04       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.27             $0.36 4 0.23          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 7.34          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.03             $0.12 4 0.08          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.12             $0.01 3 2.14          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.22             $0.00 4 19.68       
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.09             $0.04 6 0.98          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.03             $0.00 4 2.96          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.05             $0.06 15 0.95          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.07             $0.11 15 0.72          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.08             $0.11 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 556
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-26 www.gepllc.com

Table D-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.32             $0.24 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.39             $0.31 20 0.97          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.80             $0.38 20 3.62          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.85             $0.45 20 2.66          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.12             $7.06 20 0.12          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.13 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.45             $0.25 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.59             $0.41 16 0.75          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.72             $3.67 16 0.07          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.09 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.17 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.46 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.34             $1.03 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.46             $0.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.73             $0.55 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 0.97             $0.73 15 1.85          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.07             $0.91 15 1.28          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.19             $5.35 20 0.19          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.42             $9.62 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.30             $1.22 15 1.09          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.17             $0.08 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.71             $0.03 7 12.72       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.78             $1.11 12 0.65          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.28             ($0.08) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.27             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.80             $0.25 6 1.49          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.83             $0.42 6 0.92          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.87             $3.67 15 0.29          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.07             $0.01 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.31             $0.01 7 30.62       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.31             $0.02 4 5.49          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.34             $0.19 12 1.56          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.17             ($0.11) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.18             $0.45 9 0.34          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.06          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.65          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.04             $0.24 15 0.20          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.12             $0.02 15 5.71          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.54             $3.53 15 0.46          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.69             $3.03 15 0.60          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.07             $0.02 12 3.52          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 557
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage (Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.75             $0.46 12 1.43          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.07             $0.10 12 0.58          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.35             $0.30 12 0.99          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.01             $0.03 12 0.24          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.15             $1.26 18 0.13          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.13             $0.01 18 24.96       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.30             $0.08 18 4.39          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.04 18 0.16          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.15             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.23             $0.00 10 20.70       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.11             $0.02 12 5.62          
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.35             $0.00 4 47.46       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.50             $0.32 4 0.46          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 15.12       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.06 4 0.17          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.13             $0.01 3 4.41          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.19             $0.01 4 9.14          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.08             $0.02 6 2.02          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.01             $0.00 4 2.94          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.06             $0.06 15 0.92          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.08             $0.13 15 0.69          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.09             $0.13 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013) 0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 558
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-28 www.gepllc.com

Table D-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 0.43             $0.09 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 0.49             $0.18 20 0.66          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 0.57             $0.25 20 0.91          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 0.69             $0.44 20 0.78          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 0.72             $0.53 20 0.69          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 0.77             $0.62 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.00             $10.92 20 0.05          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.20             $0.24 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.41             $0.44 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.53             $0.73 16 0.37          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.65             $6.51 16 0.04          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.08             $0.06 14 1.09          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.19             $0.12 14 1.28          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.22             $0.32 14 0.55          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.30             $0.71 14 0.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.50             $0.24 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.79             $0.73 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.06             $0.97 15 1.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.16             $1.21 15 0.93          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.29             $7.10 20 0.14          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.55             $12.77 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.52             $1.22 15 1.27          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.27             $0.14 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 1.13             $0.06 7 11.90       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.24             $1.90 12 0.61          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.11             ($0.05) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.18             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.53             $0.21 6 1.18          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.55             $0.35 6 0.72          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.58             $3.08 15 0.23          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.02             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.09             $0.00 7 33.30       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.09             $0.00 4 5.97          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.10             $0.05 12 1.70          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.24             ($0.16) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.25             $0.64 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.01             $0.00 6 1.01          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.01             $0.01 6 0.62          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.01             $0.06 15 0.19          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.19             $0.02 15 9.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2.47             $3.53 15 0.80          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2.72             $3.03 15 1.02          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 559
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-29
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.00 12 6.02          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.85             $0.38 12 2.11          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.57          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.17             $0.22 12 0.73          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.15          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.06             $0.05 18 1.42          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.04             $0.00 18 78.11       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.27             $0.02 18 13.75       
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.01             $0.03 18 0.34          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.16             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.24             $0.00 10 68.21       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 17.60       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.25             $0.00 4 32.37       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.35             $0.33 4 0.32          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 10.31       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.10 4 0.12          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.06             $0.00 3 3.01          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.11             $0.01 4 6.80          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.02             $0.01 6 1.38          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.00             $0.00 4 2.01          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.03             $0.03 15 1.02          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.04             $0.03 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.05             $0.07 15 0.76          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.05             $0.07 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 560
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-30 www.gepllc.com

Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
   Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 1.61             $0.33 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 1.82             $0.66 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 2.15             $0.93 20 0.94          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 2.58             $1.59 20 0.80          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 2.68             $1.92 20 0.71          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 2.90             $2.25 20 0.70          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 3.74             $39.62 20 0.06          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.56             $0.39 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 1.12             $0.74 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 1.47             $1.23 16 0.62          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 1.79             $10.88 16 0.06          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.20             $0.06 14 2.79          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.47             $0.11 14 3.27          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.55             $0.31 14 1.41          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.75             $0.69 14 0.87          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 1.07             $0.92 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 1.69             $2.75 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 2.25             $3.66 15 0.75          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 2.47             $4.58 15 0.52          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 2.74             $26.86 20 0.08          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 3.29             $48.32 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 9.66             $1.22 15 8.05          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.08             $0.04 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.34             $0.02 7 13.32       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.38             $0.52 12 0.68          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.41             ($0.14) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.09             ($0.01) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.28             $0.08 6 1.56          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.29             $0.14 6 0.96          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.30             $1.21 15 0.30          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.01             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.02             $0.00 7 13.52       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.02             $0.00 4 2.42          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.02             $0.03 12 0.69          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.07             ($0.04) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.07             $0.18 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.00             $0.00 6 1.05          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.00             $0.00 6 0.64          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.00             $0.01 15 0.20          
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Efficient 18.88           $5.59 10 2.49          
Process Process Heating Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Heating Efficient 6.18             $0.57 10 7.97          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 561
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-31
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Process Electrochemical Process Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Electrochemical Process Efficient 13.16           $2.64 10 3.67          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency 0.05             $0.02 10 2.08          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard (2015)0.07             $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium 0.07             $0.03 10 1.66          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency (2015)0.11             $0.02 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium (2015)0.14             $0.03 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP High 0.11             $0.02 10 5.09          
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Premium 0.18             $0.03 10 4.07          
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP High 0.31             $0.02 10 13.72       
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Premium 0.49             $0.03 10 10.97       
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP High 0.12             $0.02 10 5.17          
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Premium 0.15             $0.03 10 3.44          
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP High 0.35             $0.02 10 15.66       
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Premium 0.47             $0.03 10 10.44       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 500 and more HP High 0.59             $0.02 10 26.28       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Premium 0.78             $0.03 10 17.52       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 562
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-32 www.gepllc.com

Table D-10 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Med. Comm., Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 14% 90% $0.08 4 0.75
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.20
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 4 0.08
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 10 0.07
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 0% $0.90 20 0.70
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 27% 0% 0% 0% $1.17 20 0.48
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 0% 0% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.87 14 0.18
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 45% 49% $0.15 15 0.71
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 10% 95% $0.03 4 5.00
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 6% 0% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.45
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.45
Energy Management System Cooling 6% 0% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Energy Management System Space Heating 5% 3% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 25% 13% 1% 15% $0.04 10 7.36
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.38
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 8% 90% $0.20 10 0.89
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 9% 0% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 0% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.12
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.12
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 2% 0% 10% 18% $0.64 20 0.70
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 17% 4% 10% 18% $0.64 20 0.70
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 3% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.81
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.81
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 15% 0% 2% 95% $0.18 15 1.47
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 5% 0% 61% 75% $0.44 20 0.63
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 3% 2% 61% 75% $0.44 20 0.63
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 81% 90% $0.65 8 0.34
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.50 8 0.90
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 50% $0.11 8 1.36
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 20% 10% 18% 25% $0.50 11 0.97
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.50 8 0.36
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.70 11 1.73
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 7% 45% $0.20 8 1.11
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.26
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.09
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.56
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 8% 90% $0.01 9 4.28
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 46% 50% $0.28 15 0.37
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.64
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 40% 50% $0.02 10 5.87
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.11 10 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.02 5 1.56
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 1.10
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 18% 38% $0.35 16 1.25
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.10
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.21
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 1.02
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 61.20
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.09
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 12.75
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.10 5 1.59
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.10 5 1.59
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.37
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 8.10
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 36.95
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.33
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.95
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 23% $0.52 10 1.16
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 7% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 5% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 19% $0.80 15 0.69
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $4.00 15 0.54
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 47% $8.04 15 1.08
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 563
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-33
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-11 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 27% 90% $0.06 4 1.30
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.21
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 19% 0% 15% 75% $0.18 4 0.50
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.18 10 0.31
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 66% $0.90 20 0.64
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 32% 0% 15% 66% $1.17 20 0.52
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 15% 41% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 9% 0% 5% 75% $0.18 14 0.76
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 44% 49% $0.15 15 1.29
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 10% 95% $0.06 4 3.04
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.52
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.52
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.43
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.43
Energy Management System Cooling 23% 0% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Energy Management System Space Heating 18% 12% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 9% 6% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 11% $0.04 10 2.97
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.11
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 0% 34% $0.13 10 1.05
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 33% 50% $0.13 11 1.02
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 33% 50% $0.13 11 1.02
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 9% 30% $0.85 20 0.45
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 12% 3% 9% 30% $0.85 20 0.45
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.64
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.64
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 2% 75% $0.08 15 1.08
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 12% 0% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.74
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 11% 8% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.74
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 86% 90% $0.65 8 0.34
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.45 8 0.96
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 13% $0.29 8 0.42
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 30% 15% 17% 38% $0.50 11 1.40
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.40 8 0.43
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.63 11 1.85
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 13% 45% $0.20 8 1.10
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.21
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.13
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.55
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 3% 90% $0.03 9 1.62
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.42
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 0.70
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 3.28
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 2% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.52
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 3% $0.04 5 0.88
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 0.58
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 38% 45% $0.35 16 0.95
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.65
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.37
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.65
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.96
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 68.11
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.11
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 12.29
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 3.07
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 3.07
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.52
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.50
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 33.94
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 1% 2% $0.14 8 0.32
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.78
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 5% $0.52 10 1.18
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 28% $0.80 15 0.77
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 0.59
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $6.00 15 1.04
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 564
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-34 www.gepllc.com

Table D-12 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Comm., Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 47% 90% $0.06 4 1.15
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.19
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 15% 0% 30% 75% $0.09 4 0.79
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 8% 0% 30% 34% $0.09 10 1.00
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 75% $0.90 20 0.66
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 28% 0% 3% 75% $1.17 20 0.47
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 37% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 9% 0% 0% 75% $0.09 14 1.49
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 73% 81% $0.15 15 1.20
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 5% 95% $0.06 4 2.91
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 8% 0% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.77
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.77
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 5% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.65
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 5% 3% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.65
Energy Management System Cooling 12% 0% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Energy Management System Space Heating 9% 6% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 5% 3% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 8% $0.04 10 3.46
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.30
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.83
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 1% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 3% 0% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.69
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 3% 1% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.69
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 2% 9% $0.85 20 0.48
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 12% 3% 2% 9% $0.85 20 0.48
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.57
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 4% 2% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.57
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 10% 0% 0% 95% $0.18 15 0.90
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 6% 0% 95% 100% $2.10 20 0.37
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 2% 2% 95% 100% $2.10 20 0.37
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 78% 90% $0.65 8 0.26
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 3% 45% $0.40 8 0.72
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 10% $0.29 8 0.45
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 30% 15% 3% 25% $0.50 11 0.93
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.20 8 0.57
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.56 11 1.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 42% 45% $0.20 8 0.84
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.23
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 75% $0.24 5 0.18
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 12% 56% $0.20 8 0.42
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 2% 90% $0.03 9 2.66
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.70
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 1.19
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 5.48
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.72
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.04 5 1.45
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 10% 75% $0.20 16 0.02
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 10% 38% $0.35 16 0.34
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.13
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.28
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.29
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.18
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 39.11
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.12
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 18.34
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 2.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 2.54
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.61
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.95
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 20.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.47
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.07
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 0% $0.52 10 1.11
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 41% $0.80 15 1.28
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.66
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 565
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-35
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-13 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls Process 11% 8% 5% 34% $0.40 10 18.09
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance Process 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.00 10 2,067.93
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization Process 15% 11% 5% 34% $0.80 10 12.92
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Compressed Air ‐ System Controls Machine Drive 9% 7% 5% 34% $0.40 10 0.59
Compressed Air ‐ System Optimization and Improvements Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.80 10 0.42
Compressed Air ‐ System Maintenance Machine Drive 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.34
Compressed Air ‐ Compressor Replacement Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.68
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Pumping System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.38 12 0.43
Pumping System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.75 12 0.54
Pumping System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 2% 1% 5% 34% $0.19 10 0.27
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 22% 90% $0.06 4 3.18
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 30% 75% $0.09 4 2.69
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.20 10 1.05
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 67% $0.90 20 2.48
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 26% 0% 15% 67% $1.17 20 1.68
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 50% $0.04 10 0.03
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 0% 75% $0.20 14 2.72
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 29% 34% $0.15 15 2.02
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 2% 95% $0.03 4 8.67
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 6% 6% 12% 50% $0.41 20 1.01
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 12% 50% $0.41 20 1.01
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.63
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.63
Energy Management System Cooling 6% 0% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Energy Management System Space Heating 5% 3% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 2% 90% $0.14 10 2.94
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 3% 90% $0.20 10 5.29
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Machine Drive 5% 4% 0% 34% $0.44 10 0.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.11
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.11
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 84% 90% $0.65 8 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 27% $0.08 8 0.46
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 20% 10% 17% 38% $0.50 11 0.31
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 38% $0.20 11 1.95
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 4.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 9% 70% $0.05 5 1.44
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 9% 70% $0.05 5 1.44
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 15% 45% $0.20 8 0.55
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.07
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.03
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 2% 56% $0.20 8 0.27
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 0.46
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Machine Drive 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 2.67
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 566
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-36 www.gepllc.com

Table D-14 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Medium Comm., New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 14% 90% $0.08 4 0.82
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.18
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 11% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 4 0.06
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 10 0.05
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 0% $0.90 20 0.63
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 26% 0% 0% 0% $1.17 20 0.42
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 0% 0% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 0% 0% $0.87 14 0.13
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 45% 49% $0.15 15 0.65
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 10% 95% $0.03 4 4.32
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 5% 0% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.64
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.64
Energy Management System Cooling 5% 0% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Energy Management System Space Heating 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 25% 13% 1% 15% $0.04 10 7.04
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.32
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 8% 90% $0.20 10 0.85
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 5% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.06
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.06
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 10% 81% $0.16 20 1.60
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 15% 4% 10% 81% $0.16 20 1.60
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.76
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 6% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.76
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 7% 0% 5% 95% $0.09 15 1.25
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 5% 0% 61% 75% $0.35 20 0.69
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 3% 2% 61% 75% $0.35 20 0.69
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 81% 90% $0.65 8 0.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.38 8 1.07
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 75% $0.09 8 1.50
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.50 8 0.32
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.70 11 1.56
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 7% 45% $0.20 8 1.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.24
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.08
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.50
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 8% 90% $0.01 9 4.22
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 4% 2% 46% 50% $0.28 15 0.24
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.63
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 40% 50% $0.02 10 5.80
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 10% 75% $0.11 10 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.02 5 1.53
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 1.09
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 18% 38% $0.35 16 1.24
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.09
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.20
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 1.02
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.00
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 61.07
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.08
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 11.83
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 30% 75% $0.20 25 1.54
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 30% 75% $0.20 25 1.54
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.23
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 7.30
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 36.95
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.30
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.95
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $0.34 20 0.72
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 10% 68% $0.34 20 0.72
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 7% 0% 2% 11% $1.00 30 0.26
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 4% 3% 2% 11% $1.00 30 0.26
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 23% $0.52 10 1.16
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 19% $0.80 15 0.68
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $4.00 15 0.53
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 47% $8.04 15 1.01
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 567
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-37
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-15 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 27% 90% $0.06 4 1.13
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.19
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 18% 0% 30% 75% $0.18 4 0.42
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.18 10 0.28
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 66% $0.90 20 0.61
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 32% 0% 15% 66% $1.17 20 0.50
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 15% 41% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 25% 75% $0.18 14 0.63
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 44% 49% $0.15 15 1.19
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 10% 95% $0.06 4 2.72
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 4% 0% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.56
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.56
Energy Management System Cooling 21% 0% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Energy Management System Space Heating 8% 5% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 9% 6% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 11% $0.04 10 2.84
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.07
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.68
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 5% 34% $0.13 10 1.05
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 33% 50% $0.13 11 0.97
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 33% 50% $0.13 11 0.97
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 75% 81% $0.35 20 0.60
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 3% 75% 81% $0.35 20 0.60
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.56
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.56
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 4% 0% 5% 95% $0.05 15 1.28
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 12% 0% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.72
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 11% 8% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.72
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 86% 90% $0.65 8 0.30
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.34 8 1.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 19% $0.19 8 0.57
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.40 8 0.39
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.63 11 1.66
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 13% 45% $0.20 8 0.99
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.19
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.11
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.49
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 3% 90% $0.03 9 1.60
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 4% 2% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.27
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 0.69
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 3.23
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.44
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 3% $0.04 5 0.87
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 0.58
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 38% 45% $0.35 16 0.94
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.63
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.35
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.65
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.94
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 67.83
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.09
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 11.13
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.15 25 1.99
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.15 25 1.99
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.52
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 5.86
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 33.94
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 1% 2% $0.14 8 0.29
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.78
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 9% 68% $0.78 20 0.43
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 9% 68% $0.78 20 0.43
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 4% 0% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.08
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 2% 2% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.08
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 5% $0.52 10 1.18
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 28% $0.80 15 0.76
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 0.58
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $6.00 15 0.98
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 568
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-38 www.gepllc.com

Table D-16 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 47% 90% $0.06 4 1.02
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.17
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 12% 0% 60% 75% $0.09 4 0.61
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 8% 0% 30% 34% $0.09 10 0.95
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 75% $0.90 20 0.64
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 28% 0% 3% 75% $1.17 20 0.45
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 37% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 25% 75% $0.09 14 1.28
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 73% 81% $0.15 15 1.14
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 5% 95% $0.06 4 2.61
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 7% 0% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Energy Management System Cooling 11% 0% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Energy Management System Space Heating 4% 2% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 5% 3% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 8% $0.04 10 3.31
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.24
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.80
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 1% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 3% 0% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.67
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 3% 1% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.67
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 2% 81% $0.35 20 0.68
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 3% 2% 81% $0.35 20 0.68
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.47
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 2% 1% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.47
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 10% 0% 5% 95% $0.18 15 0.85
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 6% 0% 95% 100% $1.69 20 0.38
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 2% 2% 95% 100% $1.69 20 0.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 78% 90% $0.65 8 0.23
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 3% 45% $0.30 8 0.86
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 15% $0.19 8 0.61
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.20 8 0.52
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.56 11 1.24
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 42% 45% $0.20 8 0.76
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.20
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.16
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 12% 56% $0.20 8 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 2% 90% $0.03 9 2.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.69
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 1.18
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 5.43
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.71
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.04 5 1.43
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 10% 75% $0.20 16 0.02
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 10% 38% $0.35 16 0.32
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.12
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.26
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.27
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.17
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 38.86
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.10
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 16.52
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 2.47
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 2.47
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.45
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.26
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 20.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.42
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.07
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 2% 68% $0.09 20 1.73
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 2% 68% $0.09 20 1.73
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 10% 0% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.20
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 5% 3% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.20
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 0% $0.52 10 1.11
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 41% $0.80 15 1.27
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.57
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 569
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-39
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-17 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls Process 11% 8% 5% 34% $0.40 10 18.09
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance Process 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.00 10 2,067.93
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization Process 15% 11% 5% 34% $0.80 10 12.92
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Compressed Air ‐ System Controls Machine Drive 9% 7% 5% 34% $0.40 10 0.59
Compressed Air ‐ System Optimization and Improvements Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.80 10 0.42
Compressed Air ‐ System Maintenance Machine Drive 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.34
Compressed Air ‐ Compressor Replacement Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.68
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Pumping System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.38 12 0.42
Pumping System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.75 12 0.54
Pumping System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 2% 1% 5% 34% $0.19 10 0.27
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 22% 90% $0.06 4 2.82
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 60% 75% $0.09 4 2.53
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 4% 0% 30% 34% $0.20 10 0.80
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 67% $0.90 20 2.40
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 27% 0% 25% 67% $1.17 20 1.63
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 50% $0.04 10 0.04
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 5% 75% $0.20 14 2.60
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 29% 34% $0.15 15 1.92
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 2% 95% $0.03 4 7.76
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 5% 5% 12% 50% $0.41 20 0.95
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 12% 50% $0.41 20 0.95
Energy Management System Cooling 5% 0% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Energy Management System Space Heating 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 2% 90% $0.14 10 2.81
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 3% 90% $0.34 10 2.97
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Machine Drive 5% 4% 0% 34% $0.44 10 0.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.02
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.02
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 84% 90% $0.65 8 0.15
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 40% $0.08 8 0.42
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 38% $0.20 11 1.76
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 3.72
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 1.41
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 1.41
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 15% 45% $0.20 8 0.50
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.06
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.03
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 2% 56% $0.20 8 0.25
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 0.41
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Machine Drive 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 2.51
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2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix D – Avista Electric
Conservation Potential
Assessment Study

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 572

Global Energy Partners An EnerNOC Company 500 Ygnacio Valley Road, Suite 450 Walnut Creek, CA 94596
P: 925.482.2000
F: 925.284.3147
E: [e-mail]

AVISTA ELECTRIC
CONSERVATION POTENTIAL
ASSESSMENT STUDY
Final Report — Electricity Potentials
August 19, 2011
J. Borstein, Project Manager
I. Rohmund, Director

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Global Energy Partners iii
An EnerNOC Company
This report was prepared by
Global Energy Partners
An EnerNOC Company
500 Ygnacio Valley Blvd., Suite 450
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Principal Investigator(s):
I. Rohmund
J. Borstein
A. Duer
B. Kester
J. Prijyanonda
S. Yoshida

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Global Energy Partners v
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Avista Corporation (Avista) engaged Global Energy Partners (Global) to conduct a Conservation
Potential Assessment (CPA) Study. The CPA is a 20-year potentials study for energy efficiency
(EE) and demand response (DR) to provide data on demand-side resources for developing
Avista’s 2011 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), and in accordance with Washington I-937. The
study used 2009, the first year for which complete billing data was available, as the baseline year
and then developed potential estimates for the period 2012–2032. This report provides results of
the electricity energy efficiency potential study only, and subsequent documents will address
natural gas and DR potential.
Study Objectives
The study objectives included:
Conduct a conservation potential study for electricity for Washington and Idaho, and natural
gas for Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. The study will account for:
o Impacts of existing Avista conservation programs
o Avista’s load forecasts and load shapes
o Impacts of codes and standards
o Technology developments and innovation
o The economy and energy prices
o Naturally occurring energy savings
Assess and analyze cost-effective EE and DR potentials in accordance with the Northwest
Power and Conservation Council’s (NWPPC) 6th Power Plan and Washington I-937
requirements.
Obtain supply curves showing the incremental costs associated with achieving higher levels
of EE and stacking EE resources by cost of conserved energy.
Analyze various market penetration rates associated with technical, economic, achievable,
and naturally occurring potential estimates.
Study Approach
To execute this project, Global took the following steps, which are also shown in Figure ES-1.
1. Performed a market assessment to describe base year energy consumption for the residential
and C&I sectors. This included using utility data and secondary data to understand customers
in Avista’s service territory and how these customers currently use electricity. Based on the
market assessment, we developed energy market profiles for the study’s base year, 2009.
2. Developed a baseline energy forecast by sector and end use for the twenty-year study
period.
3. Identified and analyzed energy-efficiency measures appropriate for the Avista service area.
4. Estimated four levels of energy-efficiency potential, technical, economic, maximum
achievable, and realistic achievable.
The steps are described in further detail in Chapter 2.
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Figure ES-1 Analysis Approach Overview

The study segmented Avista customers by state and rate class (Residential, Commercial &
Industrial (C&I) General Service, C&I Large General Service, Extra Large Commercial, and Extra
Large Industrial). In addition, the residential class was segmented by housing type and income
(single family, multi-family, mobile home, and low income). The low-income threshold for
purposes of this study was defined as 200% of the Federal poverty level. For the pumping rate
classes, representing 2% of load, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NWPCC) Sixth
Plan calculator was used to determine future EE potential. Within each segment, energy use was
characterized by end-use (e.g., space heating, cooling, lighting, water heat, motors, etc.) and by
technology (e.g., heat pump, resistance heating, furnace for space heating). This market
characterization is detailed in Chapter 3.
The baseline forecast is the ―business as usual‖ metric, without new utility conservation
programs, against which energy savings from energy efficiency measures are compared. The
baseline forecast includes the projected impacts of known codes and standards, as of 2010 when
the study was conducted. These include the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA),
which mandates higher efficacies for lighting technologies starting in 2012, and a series of recent
appliance standards agreed upon in 2010. These recent codes and standards have direct bearing
on the amount of utility program potential over and above the effects of codes and standards
and naturally occurring conservation. This process incorporates the changes in market conditions
such as customer and market growth, income growth, Avista’s retail rates forecast, trends in
end-use and technology saturations, equipment purchase decisions, consumer price elasticity,
and income and persons per household. The baseline forecast enables understanding customer
potential estimates in the context of total energy use in the future.
For each customer sector, a robust list of electrical energy efficiency measures was compiled,
drawing upon the Sixth Power Plan database, the Regional Technical Forum (RTF), and other
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 578
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measures considered applicable to Avista. This list of energy efficiency equipment and measures
included 2,808 equipment options and 1,524 measure options and represented a wide variety of
major types of end-use equipment, as well as devices and actions to reduce energy consumption.
Considered against current avoided costs, many of these measures do not pass the economic
screens, but may ultimately be part of Avista’s energy efficiency program portfolio during this 20 -
year planning horizon. Measure cost, savings, estimated useful life, and other performance
factors were characterized for the list of measures. Cost-effectiveness screening was performed,
using the total resource cost (TRC) test, for each measure and each year of the study to develop
economic potential. The measure analysis is discussed in Chapter 5.
Market Characterization and Baseline Forecast
During 2009, Avista served 354,615 residential, commercial, industrial, and pumping customers
with a combined electricity use of approximately 8,862 GWh.
Residential Sector
The total number of 2009 residential customers was 200,134 in Washington and 99,579 in Idaho.
Table ES-1 shows their distribution by housing type and income level. The limited income
category, which is composed of single-family, multi-family, and mobile homes, represents
households with income below $35,000 annually.
Table ES-1 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment and State, 2009
Washington
Segment
Intensity
(kWh/Household)
Number of
Customers
% of
Customers
2009 Electricity
Sales (MWh) % of Sales
Single Family 14,547 109,134 54% 1,587,572 65%
Multi-Family 8,728 18,219 9% 159,019 6%
Mobile Home 13,092 5,248 3% 68,708 3%
Limited Income 9,424 67,533 34% 636,407 26%
Total 12,250 200,134 100% 2,451,707 100%

Idaho
Segment
Intensity
(kWh/Household)
Number of
Customers
% of
Customers
2009 Electricity
Sales (MWh) % of Sales
Single Family 13,703 59,205 59% 811,302 69%
Multi-Family 8,213 5,237 5% 43,013 4%
Mobile Home 12,320 4,774 5% 58,815 5%
Limited Income 8,868 30,363 31% 269,249 23%
Total 11,874 99,580 100% 1,182,379 100%

For each residential segment, a snapshot of electricity use by end use and technology was
developed. Figure ES-2 presents the end-use breakout by household for the residential sector as
a whole. The appliance end use accounts for the largest share of the usage, closely followed by
space heating, with water heating the third largest end use. The miscellaneous end use includes
such devices as furnace fans, pool pumps, and other ―plug‖ loads (hair dryers, power tools,
coffee makers, etc.). Interior and exterior lighting combined account for 12% of electricity use in
2009. The electronics end use, which includes personal computers, televisions, home audio,
video game consoles, etc., also contributes significantly to household electricity usage. Cooling
and combined heating and cooling through heat pumps make up the remainder.
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Figure ES-2 Residential Electricity Use by End Use per Household, 2009 (kWh and %)

The residential baseline forecast incorporates the effects of future customer growth, trends in
appliance ownership, building codes, federal appliance standards and customer usage response
to changes in electricity prices and household income. As such, it includes naturally-occurring
energy efficiency. Overall, residential use in both states and for all segments increases from
3,634,054 MWh in 2009 to 5,600,870 MWh in 2032, an average annual growth rate of 1.9%. This
reflects projected growth in the number of households, home size, and income levels, as well as
relatively low electricity prices. Figure ES-3 shows the residential baseline forecast by end use.
Figure ES-3 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use

Cooling,
601 , 5%
Space Heating,
2,619 , 21%
Heat & Cool,
714 , 6%
Water Heating,
1,834 , 15%
Appliances,
2,637 , 22%
Interior
Lighting,
1,279 , 10%
Exterior
Lighting,
213 , 2%
Electronics,
1,053 , 9%
Miscellaneous,
1,176 , 10%
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Commercial & Industrial Sector
Table ES-2 and Table ES-3 present the segmentation of C&I customers in Washington and Idaho
respectively. Although the General Service 011 and Large General Service 021 rate classes
include a small percentage of industrial customers, we treated them as primarily commercial
building types. For the General Service segment, we assumed facilities were small to medium
buildings, dominated by retail facilities. For the Large General Service segment, we assumed the
typical facility was an office building.
Table ES-2 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment
and Typical Building
Electricity
sales (MWh)
Intensity
(kWh/sq.ft.)
General Service 011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial — Retail 415,935 17.5
Large General Service 021, 022 Large Commercial — Office 1,556,929 16.7
Extra Large General
Service Commercial 025C Extra Large Commercial — University 265,686 13.9
Extra Large General
Service Industrial 025I Extra Large Industrial 613,615 40.0
Total 2,852,165

Table ES-3 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment and Typical
Building
Electricity
sales (MWh)
Intensity
(kWh/sq.ft.)
General Service 011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial — Retail 322,570 17.5
Large General Service 021, 022 Large Commercial — Office 699,953 16.7
Extra Large General
Service Commercial 025C Extra Large Commercial — University 70,361 13.9
Extra Large General
Service Industrial 025I, 025P Extra Large Industrial 1,087,974 40.0
Total 2,180,858

Figure ES-4 shows the breakdown of annual electricity usage by end use for the C&I sector as a
whole. Lighting is the largest single end use in the sector, accounting for one fifth of total usage.
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Figure ES-4 Commercial and Industrial Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2009

Figure ES-5 presents the baseline forecast at the end-use level for the C&I sector as a whole.
Overall, C&I annual energy use increases from 5,033,023 MWh in 2009 to 7,239,694 MWh in
2032, a 43.8% increase. This reflects growth in floor space across all sectors. Interior screw-in
lighting increases over the forecast period, but at a slower rate than other technologies as a
result of the EISA lighting standard.
Figure ES-5 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use

System-wide Baseline Forecast Summary
Table ES-4 and Figure ES-6 provide an overall summary of the baseline forecast by sector and
for the Avista system as a whole. Overall, the forecast for the next 20 years shows substantial
growth, reflecting projected increases in customers and income. This forecast is the metric
against which the energy-efficiency savings potential is compared.
Cooling
9%
Space Heating
5%
Heat & Cool
2%
Ventilation
8%
Water Heating
5%
Food Preparation
2%
Refrigeration
4%Interior Lighting
21%
Exterior Lighting
3%
Office Equipment
7%
Miscellaneous
12%
Machine Drive
15%
Process
7%
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1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
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M
W
h
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Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 582
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Table ES-4 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State
End Use 2009 2012 2022 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg. Growth Rate
('09–'32)
Res. WA 2,451,707 2,448,104 2,947,427 3,792,486 54.7% 1.9%
Res. ID 1,182,379 1,178,591 1,408,812 1,808,300 52.9% 1.8%
C&I WA 2,852,165 2,955,156 3,509,816 4,280,649 50.1% 1.8%
C&I ID 2,180,858 2,217,188 2,551,291 2,970,324 36.2% 1.3%
Total 8,667,109 8,799,039 10,417,347 12,851,760 48.3% 1.7%

Figure ES-6 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State

The baseline forecast, prior to the consideration of potentials, projects overall growth of 48% in
electric consumption. This compounded average annual growth rate of 1.7% during this 20 year
period is consistent with Avista’s current and previous Integrated Resource Plans. Chapter 4
provides details of the baseline forecast.
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Definitions of Potential
In this study, we estimated four types of potential: technical; economic; and achievable
potential, which is further divided into maximum achievable, and realistic achievable. Technical
and economic potential are both theoretical limits to efficiency savings. Achievable potential
embodies a set of assumptions about the decisions consumers make regarding the efficiency of
the equipment they purchase, the maintenance activities they undertake, the controls they use
for energy-consuming equipment, and the elements of building construction.
Technical potential is defined as the theoretical upper limit of energy efficiency potential. It
assumes that customers adopt all feasible measures regardless of their cost. At the time of
equipment failure, customers replace their equipment with the most efficient option available. In
new construction, customers and developers also choose the most efficient equipment option.
Examples of measures that make up technical potential in the residential sector include:
Ductless mini-split air conditioners with variable refrigerant flow
Ground source (or geothermal) heat pumps
LED lighting for general service and linear applications
Technical potential also assumes the adoption of every available other measure, where
applicable. For example, it includes installation of high-efficiency windows in all new construction
opportunities and air conditioner maintenance in all existing buildings with central and room air
conditioning.
Economic potential represents the adoption of all cost-effective energy efficiency measures.
As described earlier, LoadMAP performs an economic screen to determine which measures are
economically viable. LoadMAP incorporates the result of the screen into the purchase shares to
reflect the most efficient measure that passes the screen. For our analysis, we apply the total
resource cost (TRC) test, which compares lifetime energy and capacity benefits to the
incremental cost, including the administrative costs associated with any energy-efficiency
program. The benefits include non-energy benefits.
Achievable potential refines the economic potential by taking into account penetration rates of
efficient technologies, expected program participation, and customer preferences and likely
behavior. Two types of achievable potential were evaluated for this study:
Maximum achievable potential (MAP) establishes an upper boundary of potential
savings a utility could achieve through its energy efficiency programs. MAP presumes
incentives that are sufficient to ensure customer adoption. It also considers a maximum
participation rate by customers for the various energy efficiency programs that are designed
to deliver the various measures. For this study, we developed market acceptance rate (MAR)
factors, based on the ramp rate curves used in the Sixth Power Plan.1 These MAR factors
were then applied to this study’s estimates of economic potential to estimate MAP.
Realistic achievable potential (RAP) represents a lower boundary forecast of potentials
resulting from likely customer behavior and penetration rates of efficient technologies. It
uses a set of program implementation factors (PIFs) to take into account existing barriers
that are likely to limit the amount of savings that might be achieved through energy
efficiency programs. The RAP also takes into account recent utility experience and reported
savings from past and present programs.

1 The Sixth Power Plan Conservation Supply Curve workbooks are available at
http://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/powerplan/6/supplycurves/default.htm, with separate workbooks for specific sectors and end uses.
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Potential Savings from Electric Energy Efficiency
Maximum achievable potential across all sectors is 88,760 MWh (10.1 aMW) in 2012 and
increases to a cumulative value of 2,905,702 MWh (331.7 aMW) by 2032. These savings
represents 1.0% of the baseline forecast in 2012 and 22.6% in 2032. Realistic achievable
potential in 2012 is 50,261 MWh (5.7 aMW) and reaches a cumulative value of 2,155,133 MWh
(246.0 aMW) by 2032, for savings that are 0.6% and 16.8% of the baseline in 2012 and 2032
respectively. Between 2012 and 2032, the baseline forecast shows overall electricity consumption
growth of 46%, but the realistic achievable potential forecast reduces growth by half to 23%.
Technical potential by 2032 is 37.8% of the baseline and economic potential savings are 26.4%
of the baseline, or roughly 70% of technical potential savings. MAP and RAP savings in 2012 are
86% and 64% respectively of the economic potential savings.
Figure ES-7 displays the energy use forecast for the four potential levels versus the baseline
forecast. Figure ES-8 summarizes the energy-efficiency savings for the four potential levels
relative to the baseline forecast for selected years. Table ES-5 presents the energy consumption
and peak demand for the potential levels across sectors.
Figure ES-7 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, All Sectors

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2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
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Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
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Figure ES-8 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, All Sectors

Table ES-5 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, All Sectors
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 8,799,039 9,463,880 10,417,347 11,536,869 12,851,760
Baseline Peak Demand
(MW) 1,780 1,880 2,080 2,306 2,566
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 50,261 405,985 945,183 1,536,357 2,155,133
Maximum Achievable 88,760 1,035,470 1,952,473 2,476,694 2,905,702
Economic 244,292 1,493,608 2,411,399 2,937,775 3,387,203
Technical 329,513 2,087,061 3,435,475 4,250,217 4,852,362
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.6% 4.3% 9.1% 13.3% 16.8%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.9% 18.7% 21.5% 22.6%
Economic 2.8% 15.8% 23.1% 25.5% 26.4%
Technical 3.7% 22.1% 33.0% 36.8% 37.8%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 14 84 183 306 431
Maximum Achievable 22 207 386 492 566
Economic 60 302 479 580 659
Technical 78 422 669 826 943
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.8% 4.5% 8.8% 13.3% 16.8%
Maximum Achievable 1.2% 11.0% 18.6% 21.3% 22.1%
Economic 3.4% 16.0% 23.0% 25.2% 25.7%
Technical 4.4% 22.4% 32.2% 35.8% 36.8%

Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
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Table ES-6 and Figure ES-9 summarize cumulative realistic achievable potential by sector.
Initially, the residential sector accounts for about 52% of the savings, but by the end of the
study, the C&I sector becomes the source of 58% of the savings.
Table ES-6 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector, MWh
Segment 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Residential, WA 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029
Residential, ID 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003
C&I, WA 15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619
C&I, ID 8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482
Total 50,261 405,985 945,183 1,536,357 2,155,133

Figure ES-9 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector

Table ES-7 shows the incremental annual realistic achievable potential by sector for 2012
through 2015. During this period, lighting and appliance standards slow the rate of growth in the
residential baseline energy consumption, thus reducing the amount of incremental annual
potential savings from residential conservation programs. On the other hand, C&I potential
continues to grow. Complete annual incremental savings for Washington and Idaho appear in
Appendices A and B respectively.
Table ES-7 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency Potential by
Sector, MWh
Segment 2012 2013 2014 2015
Residential, WA 17,413 17,161 16,488 18,514
Residential, ID 8,692 8,451 7,943 8,569
C&I, WA 15,733 21,165 26,869 30,393
C&I, ID 8,423 10,734 14,543 16,956
Total 50,261 57,511 65,843 74,432
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
C&I, ID
C&I, WA
Residential, ID
Residential, WA
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Figure ES-10 illustrates how the annual incremental realistic achievable potential throughout the
study tracks the avoided energy costs, with annual potential generally increasing or decreasing
along with avoided costs. Note however that other factors also influence potential, particularly
the rates at which programs can ramp up over time, which is particularly relevant to how
potential changes from year to year in the early years of the study.
Figure ES-10 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency (MWh)
vs. Avoided Energy Cost

Note: Avoided costs are 2009 real dollars and include energy costs, risk, and the 10% Power Act premium.

$-
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$20.00
$30.00
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$50.00
$60.00
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40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
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Extra Large Commercial
Large Commercial
Small Commercial
Residential
Avoided Costs
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Residential Sector Potential
Realistic achievable potential savings for the residential sector in both states is 26,105 MWh in
2012, or 0.7% of the sector’s baseline forecast. It reaches 897,032 MWh, or 16.0% of the
baseline forecast by 2032. Technical and economic potential savings are 37.7% and 24.5%
respectively. Table ES-8 presents estimates for energy and peak demand under the four types of
potential.
Table ES-8 Energy Efficiency Potential, Residential Sector
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 3,626,696 3,871,294 4,356,240 4,918,847 5,600,787
Baseline Peak Demand
(MW) 991 1,026 1,150 1,288 1,449
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 26,105 138,450 336,444 604,152 897,032
Maximum Achievable 36,300 429,065 798,829 1,024,671 1,192,794
Economic 104,111 583,427 967,788 1,188,497 1,373,869
Technical 153,100 918,965 1,468,041 1,825,587 2,112,855
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.7% 3.6% 7.7% 12.3% 16.0%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 11.1% 18.3% 20.8% 21.3%
Economic 2.9% 15.1% 22.2% 24.2% 24.5%
Technical 4.2% 23.7% 33.7% 37.1% 37.7%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 10 44 100 179 262
Maximum Achievable 14 120 232 301 343
Economic 38 171 286 349 396
Technical 51 256 407 503 579
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 1.1% 4.3% 8.7% 13.9% 18.1%
Maximum Achievable 1.4% 11.7% 20.2% 23.3% 23.7%
Economic 3.8% 16.7% 24.9% 27.1% 27.3%
Technical 5.1% 24.9% 35.4% 39.0% 40.0%

In terms of how residential potential is divided among the various end uses, we note the
following:
Water Heating offers the highest cumulative technical potential over the 20-year period,
which reflects the high potential for conversion to natural gas in homes where gas is
available (see discussion below) and use of heat pump water heaters where gas is not
available, as well as a wide range of other water heating measures. Conversion to natural
gas passes the TRC test throughout the study period for most Washington housing types and
for single family homes in Idaho. In contrast, based on the study’s assumptions of equ ipment
cost and avoided cost, heat pump water heaters are cost-effective in new single family
homes by 2014, but do not become cost-effective for existing homes until 2024 in Idaho and
2028 in Washington. Water heating also has the highest cumulative realistic achievable
potential.
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Space Heating offers the second-highest cumulative technical potential over the study and
its economic potential is slightly higher than water heating, again due to the potential for
conversion to natural gas (see discussion below), but also due to shell measures, controls,
and advanced new construction designs. Based on realistic achievable savings, space heating
also ranks second.
Interior lighting offers the fourth-largest technical potential savings, but the third-largest
economic and realistic achievable potential. The lighting standard begins its phase-in starting
in 2012, which coincides with the availability in the market place of advanced incandescent
lamps that meet the minimum efficacy standard. The baseline forecast assumes that people
will install both advanced incandescent and CFLs in screw-in lighting applications. For
technical potential, LED lamps are the most efficient option, starting in 2012. However, LED
lamps do not pass the economic screen until 2022, when they begin to become cost-effective
for pin-based fixtures. Nonetheless, there is significant economic and realistic achievable
lighting potential due to conversion from advanced incandescents to CFLs.
Appliances rank sixth based on technical potential, but fourth in terms of realistic
achievable potential. This reflects the cost-effectiveness of the highest-efficiency white-goods
appliances for both new construction and for replacing failed units, as well as the market
acceptance of high-efficiency appliances. Removal of second refrigerators and freezers also
contributes to economic and realistic achievable potential within this end use.
Cooling offers the third-highest technical potential, but is sixth based on realistic achievable
potential. Initially technical potential is low but ramps up due to the assumption of increased
saturation of air conditioning over time. Economic potential for cooling in 2031 is about 40%
of technical potential because the higher SEER units do not pass the economic screen based
on based on the study’s assumptions of equipment cost and avoided cost.
Home electronics also offer substantial savings opportunities. Technical potential reflects
the purchase of ENERGY STAR units for all technologies, except PCs and laptops for which a
super-efficient ―climate saver‖ option is available in the marketplace. However, the climate
saver options are not cost-effective during the forecast horizon, so economic potential
reflects the purchase of ENERGY STAR units across all technologies in this end use.
Commercial and Industrial Sector Potential
Realistic achievable potential savings for the C&I sector in both states is 24,155 MWh in 2012, or
0.5% of the sector’s baseline forecast. It reaches 1,258,101 MWh, or 17.4% of the baseline
forecast by 2032. Technical and economic potential savings are 37.8% and 27.8% of the
baseline forecast respectively. Table ES-9 presents estimates for the sector’s energy and peak
demand under the four types of potential.
In terms of how potential is divided among the various end uses, we note the following:
Interior lighting offers the largest technical, economic, and achievable potential. The high
technical potential of 892,840 MWh in 2032 is a result of LED lighting that is now commercially
available in screw-in and linear lighting applications, as well as numerous fixture improvement
and control options. However, LED lighting is not cost effective given the study’s avoided cost
assumptions, so economic potential reflects installation of CFL, T5, and Super T8 lamps
throughout most of the commercial sector. Still, this results in realistic achievable potential of
598,564 MWh by 2032.
Cooling has the third highest savings for technical potential at 302,301 MWh in 2032, and
many of the cooling measures are cost effective, including installation of high-efficiency
equipment, thermal shell measures, HVAC control strategies, and retrocommissioning.
Because the market for cooling technologies is mature, these savings are relatively easy to
capture, as reflected in the ramp rates for these measures. Thus realistic achievable potential
for cooling, at 119,700 MWh, is the second highest among C&I end uses.
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Ventilation is second in terms of technical and economic potential due to conversion to variable
air volume systems, high-efficiency and variable speed control fans, and retrocommissioning.
Realistic achievable potential in 2032 of 117,020 MWh ranks this end use third, just behind
cooling.
Machine drive ranks fourth in realistic achievable potential at 101,018 MWh in 2032. Even
though the National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) standards make premium
efficiency motors the baseline efficiency level, savings remain available from upgrading to still
more efficient levels.
Office equipment, exterior lighting, and industrial process improvements offer smaller
but still significant realistic achievable potential by 2032 at 73,152 MWh, 68,467 MWh, and
60,759 MWh respectively.
Savings from commercial refrigeration, food preparation, and water heating are
relatively small across the C&I sector as a whole, though these end uses can offer significant
savings in supermarkets, restaurants, hospitals, and other buildings where these end use
constitute a larger portion of overall energy use.
Table ES-9 Energy Efficiency Potential, Commercial and Industrial Sector
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 5,172,344 5,592,586 6,061,107 6,618,022 7,250,973
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 24,155 267,535 608,739 932,205 1,258,101
Maximum Achievable 52,460 606,406 1,153,644 1,452,022 1,712,907
Economic 140,180 910,181 1,443,612 1,749,278 2,013,333
Technical 176,414 1,168,096 1,967,434 2,424,630 2,739,507
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 4.8% 10.0% 14.1% 17.4%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.8% 19.0% 21.9% 23.6%
Economic 2.7% 16.3% 23.8% 26.4% 27.8%
Technical 3.4% 20.9% 32.5% 36.6% 37.8%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 4 40 84 127 169
Maximum Achievable 8 88 154 191 223
Economic 22 130 193 231 263
Technical 27 166 262 324 364
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 4.7% 9.0% 12.4% 15.1%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.3% 16.6% 18.8% 20.0%
Economic 2.7% 15.3% 20.8% 22.7% 23.6%
Technical 3.4% 19.4% 28.2% 31.8% 32.6%

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Sensitivity of Potential to Avoided Costs
Global modeled several scenarios with varying levels of avoided costs in addition to the base
case. The other scenarios included 150%, 125%, and 75% of the avoided costs used in the base
case. Figure ES -11 shows how realistic achievable potential varies under the four scenarios. The
base case realistic achievable potential is approximately 16.4% of the baseline forecast by 2032.
With the 150% avoided cost case, realistic achievable potential increased to 19.2% of the
baseline forecast, while the 125% avoided cost case and the 75% avoided cost case yielded
realistic achievable potential equal to 18.1% and 13.2% of the baseline forecast respectively.
While the changes are significant, the relationship between avoided cost and realistic achievable
potential is not linear and increases in avoided costs do not provide equivalent percentage
increases in realistic achievable potential. Technical potential imposes a limit on the amount of
additional conservation and each incremental unit of conservation becomes increasingly
expensive.
Figure ES -11 Energy Savings, Economic Potential Case by Avoided Costs Scenario
(MWh)

The project developed a series of supply curves based on the four avoided cost scenarios, shown
in Figure ES -12. Each supply curve is created by stacking measures and equipment over the 20-
year planning horizon in ascending order of cost. As expected, this stacking of conservation
resources produces a traditional upward-sloping supply curve. The 75% of avoided cost scenario
provides roughly a 13% reduction in energy use compared with the baseline forecast in 2032, at
a cost of $0.05/kWh or less. The other three scenarios track one another closely, providing just
over 15% savings in 2032 at costs below $0.05/kWh.
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Figure ES -12 Supply Curves for Evaluated EE Measures and Avoided Cost Scenarios

Sensitivity of Potential to Customer and Economic Growth
This conservation potential assessment shows that conservation offsets roughly 50% of growth
in electrical energy use for the Avista system, whereas the Sixth Plan projects that conservation
can offset 80% of growth. Of course, Avista’s service territory differs from the region overall in
many ways, including its climate. Another significant factor may be the CPA study’s assumptions
regarding customer and economic growth. To better understand how growth affects the study’s
results, the project team evaluated scenarios with lower customer and economic growth, as
indicated in Table ES-10.
Table ES-10 Varying Growth Scenario Descriptions
Reference
Scenario
Low Growth
Scenario 1
Low Growth
Scenario 2
Home size ~ 1% per year growth Capped at 110% of
existing home size
Capped at 110% of existing
home size
Per capita income growth
1.6% 2011–2015;
2.2% 2016–2020;
2.1% thereafter
1.6% after 2016 1.6% after 2016
Residential sector market
growth
1.30% after 2015 (WA)
1.25% after 2015 (ID) no change 1.0% after 2015 (WA & ID)
Commercial sector
market growth, WA & ID
~ 2.0% (varies by
segment) no change 1.0% all segments

Table ES -11 shows that as economic and customer growth decreases, the ability of conservation
to offset growth increases. In the reference scenario, energy efficiency offsets 52% of growth in
consumption, while in the lower growth scenarios, EE offsets 54% and 76% of growth
respectively. This is the case because with reduced new construction, load growth and
achievable potential drop, but savings due to the retrofit of existing buildings constitute a greater
proportion of load growth.
$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
0%5%10%15%20%
Co
s
t

p
e
r

k
W
h

s
a
v
e
d
% Reduction from Baseline in 2032
100% avoided costs scenario 75% avoided costs scenario
125% avoided costs scenario 150% avoided costs scenario
∆ Portfolio average cost for each scenario
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Table ES -11 Varying Growth Scenario Results
Reference
Scenario
Low Growth
Scenario 1
Low Growth
Scenario 2
Baseline forecast 2012 (MWh) 8,799,039 8,799,039 8,799,033
Baseline forecast 2032 (MWh) 12,851,760 12,523,843 11,178,008
Load growth 2012-2032 (MWh) 4,052,720 3,724,803 2,378,975
Realistic achievable potential forecast
2032 (MWh) 10,745,176 10,500,088 9,366,471
Realistic achievable potential savings 2032
(MWh) 2,106,584 2,023,754 1,811,538
Percentage of growth offset 52% 54% 76%
Note: Value of 2,106,548 MWh for 2032 realistic achievable potential was based on interim results and thus
is different from the value shown elsewhere in this report.
Pumping Potential
As displayed in Table ES -12, pumping accounts represent 2.2% of Avista’s total electricity sales
and 0.8% of peak demand. Because pumping represents a relatively small percentage of Avista’s
total sales, the project team decided to use the NWPCC Sixth Plan calculator to estimate
pumping energy efficiency potential.
Table ES -12 Pumping Rate Classes, Electricity Sales and Peak Demand 2009
Sector
Rate
Schedule(s)
Number of meters
(customers)
2009 Electricity
sales (MWh)
Peak demand
(MW)
Pumping, Washington 031, 032 2,361 135,999 10
Pumping, Idaho 031, 032 1,312 58,885 4
Pumping, Total 3,673 194,884 14
Percentage of System Total 2.2% 0.8%

The Sixth Plan Calculator estimates agricultural conservation targets through 2019, based on
2007 sales. We trended the data through 2022 to provide annual savings estimates for the ten-
year period 2012–2022, with the results provided in Table ES -13 and Table ES -14.
Table ES -13 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential, Selected
Years (MWh)
Segment 2012 2013 2014 2015
Pumping, Washington 1,567 1,484 1,402 1,835
Pumping, Idaho 690 654 618 809
Pumping, Total 2,257 2,138 2,020 2,643
Table ES -14 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Cumulative Potential, Selected Years
(MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022
Pumping, Washington 1,567 9,979 18,892
Pumping, Idaho 690 4,397 8,324
Pumping, Total 2,257 14,375 27,217

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Report Organization
The body of the report is organized as follows:
Chapter 1, Introduction
Chapter 2, Study Approach for Energy Efficiency Analysis
Chapter 3, Market Assessment and Market Profiles
Chapter 4, Baseline Forecast
Chapter 5, Energy Efficiency Measure Analysis
Chapter 6, Energy Efficiency Potential Results
Appendix A, Washington Results
Appendix B, Idaho Results
Appendix C, Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Appendix D, Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Appendix E, Study References
Results of the demand response analysis and the natural gas potential assessment will be
presented in separate forthcoming documents.

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CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Background ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Report Organization ............................................................................. 1-2
2 STUDY APPROACH FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS .................................... 2-1
2.1 Market Assessment and Market Profiles .................................................. 2-2
2.2 Baseline Forecast ................................................................................. 2-4
2.2.1 Modeling Approach .................................................................... 2-5
2.3 Energy Efficiency Measures Analysis ...................................................... 2-6
2.4 Assessment of Energy-Efficiency Potential .............................................. 2-7
2.4.1 Modeling Approach .................................................................... 2-8
3 MARKET ASSESSMENT AND MARKET PROFILES .................................................. 3-1
3.1 Residential Sector ................................................................................. 3-2
3.1.1 Market Characterization ............................................................. 3-3
3.1.2 Residential Market Profiles .......................................................... 3-5
3.2 Commercial and Industrial Sectors ......................................................... 3-8
3.2.1 C&I Market Characterization ....................................................... 3-8
3.2.2 C&I Market Profiles .................................................................... 3-9
4 BASELINE FORECAST ............................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Residential Sector ................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.1 Residential Baseline Forecast Drivers ........................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Residential Baseline Forecast Results........................................... 4-2
4.2 Commercial and Industrial Sector .......................................................... 4-7
4.2.1 C&I Baseline Forecast Drivers ..................................................... 4-7
4.2.2 C&I Baseline Forecast Results ..................................................... 4-8
4.3 Baseline Forecast Summary.................................................................. 4-12
4.3.1 Comparison of Baseline Forecast with Avista 2009 IRP ................. 4-13
5 ENERGY-EFFICIENCY MEASURE ANALYSIS .......................................................... 5-1
5.1 Selection of Energy Efficiency Measures ................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 Residential Measures ................................................................. 5-2
5.1.2 Commercial and Industrial Measures ........................................... 5-2
5.2 Measure Characteristics ....................................................................... 5-12
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5.2.1 Measure Cost Data Development ............................................... 5-13
5.2.2 Representative Measure Data Inputs ......................................... 5-13
5.2.3 Conversion to Natural Gas ........................................................ 5-14
5.3 Application of measures for technical potential ...................................... 5-15
5.4 Application of measures for Economic Potential ..................................... 5-15
5.4.1 Equipment Measures Economic Screening .................................. 5-17
5.4.2 Non-equipment Measures Economic Screening ........................... 5-18
5.5 Total Measures Evaluated .................................................................... 5-18
6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL RESULTS ......................................................... 6-1
6.1 DefInitions of Potential .......................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Overall Energy Efficiency Potential ......................................................... 6-1
6.3 Residential Sector ................................................................................. 6-6
6.3.1 Residential Potential by Market Segment ...................................... 6-7
6.3.2 Residential Potential by End Use, Technology, and Measure Type .. 6-9
6.4 Commercial and Industrial Sector Potential ........................................... 6-14
6.4.1 Commercial Potential by Market Segment and State.................... 6-16
6.4.2 C&I Potential by End Use, Technology, and Measure Type .......... 6-17
6.5 Sensitivity Analysis .............................................................................. 6-23
6.5.1 Sensitivity of Potential to Avoided Cost ...................................... 6-23
6.5.2 Sensitivity of Potential to Customer and Economic Growth ........... 6-24
6.6 Pumping Potential............................................................................... 6-25

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES-1 Analysis Approach Overview vi
Figure ES-2 Residential Electricity Use by End Use per Household, 2009 (kWh and %) viii
Figure ES-3 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use viii
Figure ES-4 Commercial and Industrial Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2009 x
Figure ES-5 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use x
Figure ES-6 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State xi
Figure ES-7 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, All Sectors xiii
Figure ES-8 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, All Sectors xiv
Figure ES-9 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector xv
Figure ES-10 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency (MWh) vs. Avoided
Energy Cost xvi
Figure ES -11 Energy Savings, Economic Potential Case by Avoided Costs Scenario (MWh) xx
Figure ES -12 Supply Curves for Evaluated EE Measures and Avoided Cost Scenarios xxi
Figure 2-1 Analysis Approach Overview 2-1
Figure 2-2 LoadMAP Baseline and Potential Modeling 2-9
Figure 3-1 Electricity Sales by Rate Class, Washington 2009 3-2
Figure 3-2 Electricity Sales by Rate Class, Idaho 2009 3-2
Figure 3-3 Residential Sector Allocation by Segments, Percentage of Customers 3-3
Figure 3-4 Residential Electricity Use by Customer Segment, Percentage of Sales 2009 3-4
Figure 3-5 Residential Electricity Use by End Use per Household, 2009 (kWh and %) 3-6
Figure 3-6 End-Use Shares of Total Electricity Use by Housing Type, 2009 3-8
Figure 3-7 Commercial and Industrial Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2009 3-10
Figure 3-8 Commercial End Use Consumption, 2009 3-11
Figure 3-9 Extra Large Industrial End Use Consumption, 2009 3-11
Figure 4-1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use 4-3
Figure 4-2 Residential Baseline Electricity Use per Household by End Use 4-4
Figure 4-3 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use 4-8
Figure 4-4 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State 4-12
Figure 5-1 Approach for Measure Assessment 5-1
Figure 5-2 Avoided Costs for Energy and Capacity 5-17
Figure 6-1 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, All Sectors 6-2
Figure 6-2 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, All Sectors 6-2
Figure 6-3 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector 6-4
Figure 6-4 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency (MWh) vs. Avoided
Energy Cost 6-5
Figure 6-5 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Residential Sector 6-6
Figure 6-6 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Residential Sector 6-6
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Figure 6-7 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years 6-11
Figure 6-8 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Commercial and Industrial Sector 6-14
Figure 6-9 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Commercial and Industrial Sector 6-15
Figure 6-10 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years 6-19
Figure 6-11 Energy Savings, Economic Potential Case by Avoided Costs Scenario (MWh) 6-23
Figure 6-12 Supply Curves for Evaluated EE Measures and Avoided Cost Scenarios 6-24
Figure 6-13 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential 6-26

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LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment and State, 2009 vii
Table ES-2 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009 ix
Table ES-3 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009 ix
Table ES-4 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State xi
Table ES-5 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, All Sectors xiv
Table ES-6 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector, MWh xv
Table ES-7 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector,
MWh xv
Table ES-8 Energy Efficiency Potential, Residential Sector xvii
Table ES-9 Energy Efficiency Potential, Commercial and Industrial Sector xix
Table ES-10 Varying Growth Scenario Descriptions xxi
Table ES -11 Varying Growth Scenario Results xxii
Table ES -12 Pumping Rate Classes, Electricity Sales and Peak Demand 2009 xxii
Table ES -13 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential, Selected Years
(MWh) xxii
Table ES -14 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Cumulative Potential, Selected Years (MWh) xxii
Table 2-1 Segmentation Framework for Electricity 2-2
Table 2-2 Data Needs for the Market Profiles 2-3
Table 2-3 Data Needs for the Baseline Forecast and Potentials Estimation in LoadMAP 2-6
Table 3-1 Electricity Sales and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Washington 2009 3-1
Table 3-2 Electricity Use and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Idaho 2009 3-1
Table 3-3 Residential Sector Allocation by Segments 3-3
Table 3-4 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment and State, 2009 3-4
Table 3-5 Average Residential Sector Market Profile 3-7
Table 3-6 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009 3-9
Table 3-7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009 3-9
Table 3-8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009 3-12
Table 4-1 Residential Market Size Forecast (number of households) 4-1
Table 4-2 Residential Baseline Forecast Electricity Consumption by End Use (MWh) 4-5
Table 4-3 Residential Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use and Technology (MWh) 4-6
Table 4-4 Commercial Market Size Growth and Electricity Price Forecast 4-7
Table 4-5 C&I Electricity Consumption by End Use (MWh) 4-9
Table 4-6 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use and Technology (MWh) 4-10
Table 4-7 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State 4-12
Table 4-8 Comparison of LoadMAP Baseline, Avista IRP, and Sixth Plan Energy Forecasts
(MWh) 4-13
Table 4-9 Comparison of Retail Electricity Prices 4-13
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Table 5-1 Summary of Residential Equipment Measures 5-3
Table 5-2 Summary of Residential Non-equipment Measures 5-5
Table 5-3 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Equipment Measures 5-6
Table 5-4 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Non-equipment Measures 5-10
Table 5-5 Sample Equipment Measures for Central Air Conditioning — Single Family
Home Segment 5-13
Table 5-6 Sample Non-Equipment Measures – Single Family Homes, Existing 5-14
Table 5-7 Sample Non-Equipment Water Heating Measures – Single Family Homes,
Existing, Washington 5-15
Table 5-8 Economic Screen Results for Selected Residential Equipment Measures 5-18
Table 5-9 Number of Measures Evaluated 5-18
Table 6-1 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, All Sectors 6-3
Table 6-2 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector, MWh 6-3
Table 6-3 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector,
MWh 6-4
Table 6-4 Energy Efficiency Potential, Residential Sector 6-7
Table 6-5 Residential Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment 6-8
Table 6-6 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by Housing Type, 2022 6-8
Table 6-7 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type (MWh) 6-10
Table 6-8 Residential Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022 (MWh) 6-11
Table 6-9 Residential Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and
Equipment Measures, Selected Years (MWh) 6-12
Table 6-10 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings from Conversion to Natural Gas (MWh)6-12
Table 6-11 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures (MWh),
Selected Years 6-13
Table 6-12 Energy Efficiency Potential, Commercial and Industrial Sector 6-15
Table 6-13 C&I Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment 6-16
Table 6-14 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment, 2022 6-16
Table 6-15 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Selected Years, (MWh)6-18
Table 6-16 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022
(MWh) 6-19
Table 6-17 C&I Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment
Measures, Selected Years (MWh) 6-20
Table 6-18 C&I Cumulative Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures,
Selected Years (MWh) 6-21
Table 6-19 Realistic Achievable Potential with Varying Avoided Costs 6-24
Table 6-20 Varying Growth Scenario Descriptions 6-25
Table 6-21 Varying Growth Scenario Results 6-25
Table 6-22 Pumping Rate Classes, Electricity Sales and Peak Demand 2009 6-26
Table 6-23 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential, Selected Years
(MWh) 6-26
Table 6-24 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Cumulative Potential, Selected Years (MWh) 6-27

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Avista Corporation (Avista) engaged Global Energy Partners (Global) to conduct a Conservation
Potential Assessment (CPA) Study. The CPA is a 20-year potentials study for energy efficiency
(EE) and demand response (DR) to provide data on demand-side resources for developing
Avista’s 2011 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), and in accordance with Washington I-937. The
study used 2009, the first year for which complete billing data was available, as the baseline year
and then developed potential estimates for the period 2012-2032. Although the final report will
address electricity and natural gas, this interim report provides results of the electricity potential
study only.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
Key objectives for the study include:
Conduct a conservation potential study for electricity for Washington and Idaho, and natural
gas for Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. The study will account for:
o Impacts of existing Avista conservation programs
o Avista’s load forecasts and load shapes
o Impacts of codes and standards
o Technology developments and innovation
o The economy and energy prices
o Naturally occurring energy savings
Assess and analyze cost-effective EE and DR potentials in accordance with the Northwest
Power and Conservation Council’s (NWPPC) 6th Power Plan and Washington I-937
requirements.
Obtain supply curves showing the incremental costs associated with achieving higher levels
of EE and DR and stacking EE and DR resources by cost of conserved energy.
Analyze various market penetration rates associated with technical, economic, achievable,
and naturally occurring potential estimates.

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1.3 REPORT ORGANIZATION
The remainder of this report presents the results of the electricity conservation potential
assessment for Avista’s Washington and Oregon service territory. In most cases, resu lts for
Avista’s overall electric system are presented in the body of the report, and Washington- and
Oregon-specific results are presented in Appendices A and B respectively. The report is organized
as follows:
Chapter 2, Study Approach for Energy Efficiency Analysis
Chapter 3, Market Assessment and Market Profiles
Chapter 4, Baseline Forecast
Chapter 5, Energy Efficiency Measure Analysis
Chapter 6, Energy Efficiency Potential Results
Appendix A, Washington Results
Appendix B, Idaho Results
Appendix C, Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Appendix D, Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Appendix E, Study References

Results of the demand response analysis and the natural gas potential assessment will be
presented in separate forthcoming documents.

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CHAPTER 2
STUDY APPROACH FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
To execute this project, Global took the following steps, which are also shown in Figure 2-1.
1. Performed a market assessment to describe base year energy consumption for the residential
and C&I sectors. This included using utility data and secondary data to understand customers
in Avista’s service territory and how these customers currently use electricity. Based on the
market assessment, we developed energy market profiles for the study’s base year, 2009.
2. Developed a baseline energy forecast by sector and end use for the twenty-year study
period.
3. Identified and analyzed energy-efficiency measures appropriate for the Avista service area.
4. Estimated four levels of energy-efficiency potential, Technical, Economic, Maximum
Achievable, and Realistic Achievable.
The steps are described in further detail throughout the remainder of this section.
Figure 2-1 Analysis Approach Overview

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2.1 MARKET ASSESSMENT AND MARKET PROFILES
It is absolutely critical to develop a good understanding of where Avista is today in terms of
energy use and customer behavior before developing projections of potential EE savings. The
purpose of the market assessment is to develop market profiles that describe current electricity
use in terms of sector, customer segment, and end use. The base year for this study is 2009, the
most recent year for which complete billing data was available at the start of the study.
We began the market assessment by defining the market segments (building types, end uses
and other dimensions) that are relevant in the Avista service territory. The segmentation scheme
employed for this project, as presented in Table 2-1, is based on Avista rate schedules. For the
pumping rate classes, we determined to use the Northwest Power and Conservation Council
(NWPCC) Sixth Plan calculator to determine future EE potential.
Table 2-1 Segmentation Framework for Electricity
Market
Dimension
Segmentation
Design Dimension Examples
Dimension 1 Geographic Region Washington, Idaho
Dimension 2 Sector / Rate Class Residential — Rate Class 001
C&I General Service — Rate Class 011, 012
C&I Large General Service — Rate Classes 021, 022
Comm. Extra Large General Service — Rate Class 025
Ind. Extra Large General Service — Rate Classes 025, 025P
Pumping — Rate Classes 030, 031, 032
Dimension 3 Building Type Residential: single-family, multi-family, mobile home, limited income
No further segmentation of C&I and pumping, except for XLarge
General Service, which was divided into commercial and industrial
segments
Dimension 4 Vintage Existing and new construction (as appropriate for residential and
commercial sectors)
Dimension 5 End Uses Cooling, lighting, water heat, motors, etc. (as appropriate by sector)
Dimension 6 Appliances/End
Uses and
Technologies
Cooling, lighting, water heat, motors, etc. (as appropriate by sector);
Technologies such as types of lamps, chillers, color TVs, etc.
Dimension 7 Equipment
Efficiency Levels
Old, Standard (minimum standard), Maximum Efficiency

With the segmentation scheme defined, we set out to populate the market profiles. The first step
was to identify the electricity sales in the base year for each segment using Avista’s 2009
historical customer billing data by rate class. In order to further divide the residential sector, we
relied upon regional demographic and economic data from secondary sources (see below).
Then, we developed the data for the remaining market profile elements, which include market
size, annual electricity use, electric appliance and equipment saturations, technology shares, and
end-use consumption estimates (unit energy consumption or UEC for residential customers and
energy use index or EUI for C&I customers). We calibrated the elements of the market profile for
each segment to match the segment and sector-level sales we developed in the previous step.
We developed market profiles for the entire existing market, as well as new construction in each
segment.
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While this study did not involve any primary market research, a wealth of primary data is
available for the Pacific Northwest region from NEEA and a recent customer saturation survey
from Inland Power and Light, a neighboring utility. In addition, data were available from a
residential survey conducted as part of Inland Power’s December 2009 CPA. We used these
sources together with other secondary data, including the Energy Information Agency’s
Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), th e
California’s Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS), and the California Commercial End
Use Survey (CEUS), to develop the market profiles.
In addition to information about annual electricity use, we also needed estimates of peak
demand by segment and end use in order to calculate peak-demand savings from EE measures.
We developed a set of peak factors, factors that represent the fraction of annual energy use that
occurs during the peak hour, and apply them to annual electricity use to calculate peak demand
by end use. Peak factors for this study were developed for each sector, customer segment and
end use using Global’s EnergyShapeTM database and information from Avista regarding its load
shapes and peak demand.2
Table 2-2 summarizes the data required for the market profiles. This information is required for
each segment within each sector, as well as for new construction and existing
dwellings/buildings. Additional details regarding sources appear in Appendix E.
Table 2-2 Data Needs for the Market Profiles
Model Inputs Description Key Sources
Base-year data
Market size Base-year residential dwellings and
C&I floor space Avista billing data, NEEA Reports
Appliance/equipment
saturations
Fraction of dwellings with an
appliance/technology;

Percentage of C&I floor space with
equipment/technology
NEAA reports, Inland Power & Light
residential saturation survey, RECS,
and other secondary data
UEC/EUI for each end-
use technology
UEC: Annual electricity use for a
technology in dwelling that have the
technology;

EUI: Annual electricity use per square
foot for a technology in floor space
that has the technology
NEAA reports, RASS, CEUS,
engineering analysis, prototype
simulations, engineering analysis
Appliance/equipment
vintage distribution Age distribution for each technology NEEA reports, RASS, CEUS, secondary
data (DEEM, EIA, EPRI, DEER, etc.)
Efficiency options for
each technology
List of available efficiency options and
annual energy use for each technology
Prototype simulations, engineering
analysis, appliance/equipment
standards, secondary data (DEEM,
EIA, EPRI, DEER, etc.)
Peak factors Share of technology energy use that
occurs during the peak hour
Avista data; Global’s EnergyShape
database

The quality of data inputs is critical. To ensure the best results, we pursued the following course
during the data-development process.

2 The peak factors were used to compute peak demand savings only and they were not used to develop a stand-alone peak-demand
forecast.
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1. Used NEEA reports, the Inland Power & Light survey of its residential customers, and RECS
to provide information about market size for customer segments, appliance and equipment
saturations, appliance and equipment characteristics, UECs, building characteristics,
customer behavior, operating characteristics, and energy-efficiency actions already taken.
2. Incorporated secondary data sources to supplement and corroborate the research in items 1
and 2 above.
3. Compared and cross-checked with data obtained as part of other northwest utility studies,
the EPRI National Potential Study, and other regional sources.
4. Ensured calibration to control totals such as total usage values by segment, available through
the billing data.
5. Worked with the Avista staff and the extended project team to vet the data against their
knowledge and experience.
The market assessment, market segmentation, and resulting market profiles are presented in
Chapter 3.
2.2 BASELINE FORECAST
The next step of the energy efficiency potential study was to develop the baseline forecast which
is the metric against which savings from energy-efficiency measures are compared. The baseline
case forecasts annual electricity use and peak demand by customer segment and end use under
a ―business as usual‖ (without new utility programs) scenario for the 20-year planning horizon
starting in 2012. This process is crucial as it allows for projections to be determined in the
absence of future conservation programs. This puts the changes in market conditions and
customer potentials estimates in context of total energy use in the future and also allows us to
project where the energy-efficiency savings will come from. The end-use forecast also includes
the expected impacts of codes and standards, which affect what is possible through utility
programs. Given the recent extensive attention to energy efficiency at the national level through
Smart Grid and American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) stimulus efforts and
promulgated through the implementation of more stringent codes and standards both nationally
and in local jurisdictions, we have taken steps in our modeling framework to capture the effects
of market influences in our baseline forecast assessments. This is an important issue for this
study, as the adoption of future codes and standards will have a direct bearing on how much
utility program EE potential there can be over and above the effects of those efforts. This study
includes standards in effect as of late 2010, which were not taken into account during the
development of the Sixth Plan.
Inputs to the baseline forecast include:
Current economic growth forecasts
New construction forecasts
Appliance and equipment standards
Existing and approved changes to building codes and standards
Forecasted changes in fuel share and equipment saturation
The (future) effects of utility programs offered prior to 2010
Avista’s electricity price and sales forecasts

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2.2.1 Modeling Approach
We used the Load Management Analysis and Planning tool (LoadMAPTM) to develop the baseline
forecast, as well as forecasts of energy-efficiency potential. Global developed LoadMAP in 2007
and has used it for the EPRI National Potential Study and numerous utility-specific forecasting
and potential studies. Built in Excel, the LoadMAP framework is both accessible and transparent
and has the following key features.
Embodies the basic principles of rigorous end-use models (such as EPRI’s REEPS and
COMMEND) but in a more simplified, accessible form.
Includes stock-accounting algorithms that treat older, less efficient appliance/equipment
stock separately from newer, more efficient equipment. Equipment is replaced according to
the measure life defined by the user.
Balances the competing needs of simplicity and robustness by incorporating important
modeling details related to equipment saturations, efficiencies, vintage, and the like, where
market data are available, and treats end uses separately to account for varying importance
and availability of data resources.
Isolates new construction from existing equipment and buildings and treats purchase
decisions for new construction, replacement upon failure, early replacement, and non-owner
acquisition separately.
Uses a simple logic for appliance and equipment decisions. Other models available for this
purpose embody complex decision choice algorithms or diffusion assumptions, and the model
parameters tend to be difficult to estimate or observe and sometimes produce anomalous
results that require calibration or even overriding. The LoadMAP approach allows the user to
drive the appliance and equipment choices year by year directly in the model. This flexible
approach allows users to import the results from diffusion models or to input individual
assumptions. The framework also facilitates sensitivity analysis.
Includes appliance and equipment models customized by end use. For example, the logic for
lighting equipment is distinct from refrigerators and freezers.
Can accommodate various levels of segmentation. Analysis can be performed at the sector
level (e.g., total residential) or for customized segments within sectors (e.g., housing type or
income level).
Consistent with the segmentation scheme and the market profiles we describe above, the
LoadMAP model provides forecasts of baseline energy use by sector, segment, end use and
technology for existing and new buildings. It provides forecasts of total energy use and energy-
efficiency savings associated with the four types of potential. It also provides forecasts of peak-
demand savings for each type of potential.3
Table 2-3 summarizes the LoadMAP model inputs required for the baseline forecast. These inputs
are required for each segment within each sector, as well as for new construction and existing
dwellings/buildings.

3 The model computes a peak-demand forecast for each type of potential for each end use as an intermediate calculation. Peak-
demand savings are calculated as the difference between the peak-demand value in the potential forecast (e.g., technical potential)
and the peak-demand value in the baseline forecast.
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Table 2-3 Data Needs for the Baseline Forecast and Potentials Estimation in LoadMAP
Model Inputs Description Key Sources
Customer growth
forecasts
Forecasts of new construction in
residential and C&I sectors
Avista 2009 IRP, Sixth Power Plan,
Regional census data
Equipment purchase
shares for baseline
forecast
For each equipment/technology,
purchase shares for each efficiency
level; specified separately for
equipment replacement (replace-on-
burnout), non-owner acquisition, and
new construction
Shipments data, AEO forecast
assumptions, appliance/efficiency
standards analysis
Electricity prices Forecast of average electricity prices Avista price forecast data
Utilization model
parameters
Price elasticities, elasticities for other
variables (income, weather)
EPRI’s REEPS and COMMEND models;
Avista forecasting data

We present the results of the baseline forecast development in Chapter 4. As with the
development of the market profiles, we reviewed the baseline forecast results with the Avista
staff.
2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ANALYSIS
The framework for assessing savings, costs, and other attributes of energy-efficiency measures
involves identifying the list of measures to include in the analysis, determining their applicability
to each market sector and segment, fully characterizing each measure, and performing cost-
effectiveness screening. Potential measures include the replacement of a unit that has failed or is
at the end of its useful life with an efficient unit, retrofit/early replacement of equipment,
improvements to the building envelope and other actions resulting in improved energy efficiency,
and the application of controls to optimize energy use.
We compiled a robust listing of energy efficiency measures for each customer sector, drawing
upon a variety of secondary sources:
The Sixth Power Plan database of EE measure costs and savings
NEEA’s Regional Technical Forum
Database for Energy Efficient Resources (DEER). The California Energy Commission and
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) sponsor this database, which is designed to
provide well-documented estimates of energy and peak demand savings values, measure
costs, and effective useful life (EUL) all with one data source for the state of California.
Global’s Database of Energy Efficiency Measures (DEEM). In 2004, Global prepared a
database of energy efficiency measures for residential and commercial segments across the
U.S. This is analogous to the DEER database developed for California. Global updates the
database on a regular basis as it conducts new energy efficiency potential studies.
EPRI National Potential Study (2009). In 2009, Global conducted an assessment of the
national potential for energy efficiency, with estimates derived for the four DOE regions
(including the Pacific region that includes California).
Based on this compilation of information, Global assembled a broad and inclusive universal list of
EE measures, covering all major types of end-use equipment, as well as devices and actions to
reduce energy consumption. If considered today, many of these measures would not pass the
economic screens, but may ultimately be part of Avista’s EE program portfolios.
Once we assembled the list of EE measures, the project team assessed their energy-saving
characteristics. For energy-saving measures not already specified in the databases above, we
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used Global’s Building Energy Simulation Tool (BEST), a derivative of the DOE 2.2 building
simulation model, to estimate measure savings. We used building prototypes for the Northwest
region to estimate energy savings.
For each measure we also characterized incremental cost, service life, and other performance
factors. Following the measure characterization, we performed an economic screening of each
measure, which serves as the basis for developing the economic potential .
We provide further descriptions of EE measures analysis and the economic screening process in
Chapter 5.
2.4 ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL
A key objective of this study is to estimate the potential for energy savings through energy
efficiency activities in the Avista electric service territory. The potential impact of EE activities is
the cumulative total of all energy-related projects.
The approach we used for this study adheres to the approaches and conventions outlined in the
National Action Plan for Energy-Efficiency (NAPEE) Guide for Conducting Potential Studies
(November 2007).4 The NAPEE Guide represents the most credible and comprehensive industry
practice for specifying energy-efficiency potential. Specifically, four types of potentials were
developed as part of this study.
Technical potential is calculated by applying the most efficient option commercially available
to each purchase decision, regardless of cost. It is a theoretical case that provides the broadest
and highest definition of savings potential since it quantifies the savings that would result if all
current equipment, processes, and practices in all sectors of the market were replaced by the
most efficient feasible type. Technical potential does not take into account the cost-effectiveness
of the measures. Further, technical potential is specifically defined as ―phase-in technical
potential,‖ which assumes that only the portion of the current stock of equipment that has
reached the end of its useful life and is due for turnover is changed out by the most efficient
measures available (i.e., replacement). Non-equipment measures, such as controls and other
devices (e.g., programmable thermostats) are not adopted all at once but are phased-in over
time, just like the equipment measures. Lighting retrofits, which are in effect early replacements
of existing lighting systems, are considered a non-equipment measure.
Economic potential results from the purchase of the most efficient cost-effective option
available for a given equipment or non-equipment measure. Cost effectiveness is determined by
applying an economic test. In this report, the total resource cost (TRC) test5 was used to assess
the cost-effectiveness of individual measures. Measures that passed the economic screen were
then represented in the aggregate for economic potential. As with technical potential, economic
potential is a phased-in approach. Economic potential is still a hypothetical upper-boundary of
savings potential as it represents only measures that are economic but does not yet consider
customer acceptance and other factors.
Achievable potential refines the economic potential by taking into account penetration rates of
efficient technologies, expected program participation, and customer preferences and likely
behavior. Two types of achievable potential were evaluated for this study:
Maximum achievable potential (MAP) establishes an upper boundary of potential
savings a utility could achieve through its energy efficiency programs. MAP presumes
incentives that are sufficient to ensure customer adoption. It also considers a maximum

4 National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (2007). National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Vision for 2025: Developing a Framework
for Change. www.epa.gov/eeactionplan. 5 While there are other tests that can be used to represent the economic potential (e.g., Participant or Utility Cost), the TRC is
generally seen as the most appropriate representation of economic potential since it tends to be most representative of the net benefits
of energy efficiency to society as a whole. The TRC is used in the economic screen as a proxy for moving forward and representing
achievable energy efficiency savings potential for those measures that are most widely cost-effective.
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participation rate by customers for the various energy efficiency programs that are designed
to deliver the various measures. For this study, we developed market acceptance rate (MAR)
factors, based on the ramp rate curves used in the Sixth Power Plan. These MAR factors
were then applied to this study’s estimates of economic potential to estimate MAP.
Realistic achievable potential (RAP) represents a lower boundary forecast of potentials
resulting from likely customer behavior and penetration rates of efficient technologies. It
uses a set of program implementation factors (PIFs) to take into account existing barriers
that are likely to limit the amount of savings that might be achieved through energy
efficiency programs. The RAP also takes into account recent utility experience and reported
savings from past and present programs.
2.4.1 Modeling Approach
We used LoadMAP to develop the estimates of technical, economic, and achievable potential.
LoadMAP calculates results in terms of annual energy saved (kWh) and peak demand reduction
(MW) for each level of potential by market segment, end use, and measure type. Figure 2-2
illustrates the LoadMAP process for developing both the baseline forecast the potentials
forecasts.
For the technical potential, LoadMAP ―chooses‖ the most efficient option for each purchase
decision involving major end-use equipment (refrigerators, air conditioners) during the forecast
period. It also phases in all non-equipment measures during the forecast period.
For the economic potential, LoadMAP applies the TRC, which tests each measure in terms of
its lifetime benefits (i.e., energy savings multiplied by the avoided cost) relative to the initial
capital cost required to install the measure. If the benefit/cost ratio is greater than or equal to
1.0, then the measure passes the screen and it is included in the calculation of economic
potential. If the B/C ratio is less than 1.0, the measure is screened out of economic potential. To
allow for the changing characteristics of individual, new measures, we perform the economic
screen during each year of the forecast period. Therefore, a measure than may not pass the
screen in 2010 may pass in some future year. If more than one efficiency option passes the
economic screen, for example if SEER 15 and SEER 16 both pass, then the most efficient option,
SEER 16, is included in the calculation of economic potential.
Economic potential still does not take into account the acceptance of those measures by
customers, so it is still a hypothetical upper-boundary of EE potential. But again, this exercise is
important as it provides useful insights as to how much potential is economic and oftentimes can
be compared with other studies of economic potential.
To develop estimates for maximum and realistic achievable potential, we specify market
adoption rates and program implementation factors for each measure as described above. For
this study, we based these factors on the Sixth Power Plan’s conservation curve ramp rates, and
the past experience at Avista and at other utility EE programs. We also tapped into our recently
completed market research for two EE potential studies in which we assessed customer
acceptance rates taking into account some degree of financial intervention on the part of the
utility to bring down customer paybacks to a level that motivates their participation in various EE
programs. While there is a significant degree of uncertainty associated with these adoption rates,
we believe that the approach is reasonable and is bounded by the experience gained from other
utility EE efforts. Because the adoption rates are model inputs, they can be modified as new
information becomes available.
The LoadMAP model provides a forecast of annual electricity use and peak demand under the
four types of potential. The energy and peak-demand savings from energy efficiency measures
are calculated as the difference between the values for the baseline forecast and the potential
forecast.
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Figure 2-2 LoadMAP Baseline and Potential Modeling

Results of the potentials assessment are presented in Chapter 6.

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CHAPTER 3

MARKET ASSESSMENT AND MARKET PROFILES
Avista Utilities, headquartered in Spokane, Washington is an investor-owned utility with annual
revenues of more than $1.3 billion. Avista provides electric and natural gas service to about
481,000 customers in a service territory of more than 30,000 square miles. Avista uses a mix of
hydro, natural gas, coal and biomass generation delivered over 2,100 miles of transmission line,
17,000 miles of distribution line, and 6,100 miles of natural gas distribution mains. Avista
currently operates a portfolio of electric and natural gas conservation programs in Washington,
Idaho, and Oregon for residential, low-income, and non-residential customers that is funded by a
non-bypassable systems benefits charge.
The base year for this study is 2009, the most recent year for which complete billing data were
available at the beginning of the study. Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 show the breakdown, for
Washington and Idaho respectively, of 2009 electricity sales among the major sectors and rate
classes, drawn from billing data provided by Avista. Peak demand data was taken from the 2009
System Load Research Project report.6 Figure 3-1and Figure 3-2 show similar data, but with the
Extra Large General Service customers (rate class 025) further divided into commercial and
industrial. In Figure 3-2 for Idaho, Extra Large General Service also includes Potlatch, rate class
25P.
Table 3-1 Electricity Sales and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Washington 2009
Sector
Rate
Schedule(s)
Number of meters
(customers)
2009 Electricity
sales (MWh)
Peak demand
(MW)
Residential 001 200,134 2,451,687 710
General Service 011, 012 27,142 415,935 64
Large General Service 021, 022 3,352 1,556,929 232
Extra Large General Service 025 22 879,233 134
Pumping 031, 032 2,361 135,999 10
Total 233,011 5,439,850 1,150
Table 3-2 Electricity Use and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Idaho 2009
Sector
Rate
Schedule(s)
Number of meters
(customers)
2009 Electricity
sales (MWh)
Peak demand
(MW)
Residential 001 99,580 1,182,368 283
General Service 011, 012 19,245 322,570 61
Large General Service 021, 022 1,456 699,953 115
Extra Large General Service 025, 025P 10 266,044 40
Extra Large GS Potlatch 025P 1 892 101
Pumping 031, 032 1,312 58,885 4
Total 121,604 3,422,111 603

6 Avista Corp. System Load Research Project report, March 2010, prepared by KEMA.

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Figure 3-1 Electricity Sales by Rate Class, Washington 2009

Figure 3-2 Electricity Sales by Rate Class, Idaho 2009

For this study, the project team decided not to explicitly model the EE potential for pumping
customers but instead to use the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NPCC) standard
calculator to estimate EE potential. Results of that calculation appear in Chapter 6.
Below we discuss the market characterization and development of market profiles for the
Residential and C&I sectors.
3.1 RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
This section characterizes the residential market at a high level, and then provides a profile of
how customers in each residential segment use electricity by end use.
Residential
45%
General Service
8%
Large General
Service
29%
Extra Large
Commercial
5%
Extra Large
Industrial
11%
Pumping
2%
Residential
35%
General Service
9%Large General
Service
20%
Extra Large
Commercial
2%
Extra Large
Industrial
32%
Pumping
2%
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3.1.1 Market Characterization
The total number of residential customers was 200,134 in Washington and 99,579 in Idaho,
based on the average number of rate class 001 monthly customers for 2009 provided by Avista.7
We segmented these customers into four groups based on housing type and level of income:
single family, multi family, mobile home, and limited income. The single family segment includes
single-family detached homes, townhouses, and duplexes or row houses. The multi family
segment includes apartments or condos in buildings with more than two units. The limited
income segment is composed of all three housing types: single-family homes, multi-family
homes, and mobile homes.
Because Avista does not maintain information on housing type or income level, we relied on a
variety of survey and demographic sources for segmenting the residential market, including the
U.S. Census American Community Survey 2006-2008, a 2009 Inland Power customer survey, and
other sources (see Appendix E). Avista defines the limited-income category as those customers
with annual income less than or equal to two times the poverty level. For an average household
size of 2.5 persons, two times the poverty level is $32,880. For the purpose of our analysis, we
used a slightly higher income level cutoff of $35,000 to define this segment, which allowed us to
take advantage of the data sources listed above.
The resulting residential customer allocation by segment appears in Table 3-3 and in Figure 3-3.
Table 3-3 Residential Sector Allocation by Segments
Washington Idaho
Segment Allocation of
Customers % of Total Allocation of
Customers % of Total
Single Family 109,134 54% 59,205 59%
Multi Family 18,219 9% 5,237 5%
Mobile Home 5,248 3% 4,774 5%
Limited Income 67,533 34% 30,363 31%
Total 200,134 100% 99,579 100%
Note: Minor difference with Idaho residential customer total 99,580 Table 3-2 due to calibration.
Figure 3-3 Residential Sector Allocation by Segments, Percentage of Customers

7 Rate classes 12 and 22, although they include homes, are included with rates classes 11 and 21 respectively, which corresponds with
how customer classes were combined for Avista’s System Load Research Project report.
Single
Family
54%Multi
Family
9%
Mobile
Home
3%
Limited
Income
34%
Washington, % of Customers
Single
Family
59%Multi
Family
5%
Mobile
Home
5%
Limited
Income
31%
Idaho, % of Customers
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Next, to determine the residential whole building energy intensity (kWh/household) by segment,
we drew upon data from the Energy Information Agency, a NEEA residential billing analysis
report, and the Inland Power & Light 2009 Conservation Potential Assessment. Based on these
sources, we developed the segment level energy intensities shown in Table 3-4. The selected
energy intensity values multiplied by the number of households equal the annual sales for each
segment. These values sum to the total annual energy use for the residential sector in each
state. Figure 3-4 presents the resulting energy sales by segment. The single-family segment
used just over half the total residential sector electricity in 2009.
Table 3-4 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment and State, 2009
Washington
Segment
Intensity
(kWh/Household)
Number of
Customers
% of
Customers
2009 Electricity
Sales (MWh) % of Sales
Single Family 14,547 109,134 54% 1,587,572 65%
Multi-Family 8,728 18,219 9% 159,019 6%
Mobile Home 13,092 5,248 3% 68,708 3%
Limited Income 9,424 67,533 34% 636,407 26%
Total 12,250 200,134 100% 2,451,707 100%

Idaho
Segment
Intensity
(kWh/Household)
Number of
Customers
% of
Customers
2009 Electricity
Sales (MWh) % of Sales
Single Family 13,703 59,205 59% 811,302 69%
Multi-Family 8,213 5,237 5% 43,013 4%
Mobile Home 12,320 4,774 5% 58,815 5%
Limited Income 8,868 30,363 31% 269,249 23%
Total 11,874 99,580 100% 1,182,379 100%
Note: Minor differences with totals in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 due to calibration.
Figure 3-4 Residential Electricity Use by Customer Segment, Percentage of Sales 2009

Single
Family
65%
Multi
Family
6%
Mobile
Home
3%
Limited
Income
26%
Washington, % of Sales
Single
Family
68%
Multi
Family
4%
Mobile
Home
5%
Limited
Income
23%
Idaho, % of Sales
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3.1.2 Residential Market Profiles
As we describe in the previous chapter, the market profiles provide the foundation upon which
we develop the baseline forecast. For each segment, we created a market profile, which includes
the following elements:
Market size represents the number of customers in the segment
Saturations embody the fraction of homes with the electric technologies. (e.g., homes with
electric space heating). We developed these using a combination of survey data from sources
including Inland Power & Light, NEEA, and Puget Sound Energy (PSE). The results were
cross-checked and validated against various other secondary sources.
UEC (unit energy consumption) describes the amount of electricity consumed in 2009 by
a specific technology in homes that have the technology (in kWh/household). As above, we
used data from Inland Power & Light, NEEA, and PSE. We also used data from various utility
potential studies that Global has recently completed. As needed, some minor adjustments
were made to calibrate to whole-building intensities.
Intensity represents the average use for the technology across all homes in 2009. It is
computed as the product of the saturation and the UEC and is defined as kWh/household.
Usage is the annual electricity use by a technology/end use in the segment. It is the product
of the number of households and intensity and is quantified in GWh.
Table 3-5 presents the average existing home market profile for the entire Avista residential
sector. The table shows data captured directly from LoadMAP. Values in red are inputs to
LoadMAP. The existing-home profile represents all the housing stock in the Avista service area in
2009. Market profiles for each of the residential segments in Washington and Idaho respectively
appear in Appendix A and B.
Figure 3-5 presents the end-use breakout for the residential sector as a whole. The appliance
end use accounts for the largest share of the usage, closely followed by space heating, with
water heating the third largest end use. The miscellaneous end use includes such devices as
furnace fans, pool pumps, and other ―plug‖ loads (hair dryers, power tools, coffee makers, etc.).
Interior and exterior lighting combined account for 12% of electricity use in 2009. The
electronics end use, which includes personal computers, televisions, home audio, video game
consoles, etc., also contributes significantly to household electricity usage. Cooling and combined
heating and cooling through heat pumps make up the remainder.
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Figure 3-5 Residential Electricity Use by End Use per Household, 2009 (kWh and %)

Cooling,
601 , 5%
Space Heating,
2,619 , 21%
Heat & Cool,
714 , 6%
Water Heating,
1,834 , 15%
Appliances,
2,637 , 22%
Interior
Lighting,
1,279 , 10%
Exterior
Lighting,
213 , 2%
Electronics,
1,053 , 9%
Miscellaneous,
1,176 , 10%
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Table 3-5 Average Residential Sector Market Profile

UEC Intensity Usage
(kWh)(kWh/HH)(GWh)
Cooling Central AC 29%1,613 470 141
Cooling Room AC 20%643 131 39
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 14%5,051 699 209
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0%3,715 15 4
Space Heating Electric Resistance 18%6,114 1,119 335
Space Heating Electric Furnace 22%6,779 1,492 447
Space Heating Supplemental 9%83 8 2
Water Heating Water Heater 66%2,796 1,834 550
Interior Lighting Screw-in 100%1,144 1,144 343
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 66%121 80 24
Interior Lighting Pin-based 92%59 55 16
Exterior Lighting Screw-in 70%301 211 63
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 2%116 2 1
Appliances Clothes Washer 84%105 88 26
Appliances Clothes Dryer 80%621 498 149
Appliances Dishwasher 86%185 160 48
Appliances Refrigerator 100%746 746 224
Appliances Freezer 62%760 474 142
Appliances Second Refrigerator 35%787 277 83
Appliances Stove 86%299 257 77
Appliances Microwave 95%144 137 41
Electronics Personal Computers 121%263 317 95
Electronics TVs 222%311 688 206
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100%48 48 14
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 10%1,328 130 39
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 26%404 107 32
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100%940 940 282
12,125 3,634
-
Average Market Profile - Residential Sector
End Use Technology Saturation
Total
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Figure 3-6 presents the end-use shares of total electricity use for each housing type. Space
heating is the largest single use in all housing types except single family homes where it is lower
relative to other uses. Appliances are the largest energy consumer in the single family segment
and are a significant energy use in the other segments as well.
Figure 3-6 End-Use Shares of Total Electricity Use by Housing Type, 2009

3.2 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
The approach we used for the C&I sectors is analogous to the residential sector. It begins with
segmentation, then defines market size and annual electricity use, and concludes with market
profiles.
3.2.1 C&I Market Characterization
We developed the non-residential energy use by segment using Avista 2009 billing data by rate
class. Table 3-6 and Table 3-7 present the results for the market characterization for Washington
and Idaho respectively. Although the General Service 011 and Large General Service 021 rate
classes include a small percentage of industrial customers, we chose to model these as primarily
commercial building types. For the General Service segment, we assumed facilities were small to
medium buildings, dominated by retail facilities. For the Large General Service segment, we
assumed the typical facility was an office building. When developing the market profiles, as
further described below, we began with these assumed prototypical building types, but adjusted
them to account for the diversity in each segment. For the Extra Large General Service rate class
025, we divided customers into separate commercial and industrial segments and included the
Potlatch facility, Idaho rate class 025P, with the other Idaho Extra Large industrial customers.
This grouping enabled better modeling of the industrial customers.
We then used data from NEEA, the California Commercial End Use Study (CEUS), and other
recently completed studies to develop estimates of floor space and annual intensities (in
kWh/square foot) for each segment. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the C&I sectors
and the wide variation in customer size (compared to residential homes), floor space is used as
the unit of measure to quantify energy use and equipment inventories on a per-square-foot
basis. Note that we are not concerned with absolute square footage, as the purpose of this study
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Single Family Multi Family Mobile Home Limited
Income
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Water Heating
Appliances
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
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is not to estimate C&I floor space, but with the relative size of each segment and its growth over
time.
Table 3-6 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment
and Typical Building
Electricity
sales (MWh)
Intensity
(kWh/sq.ft.)
General Service 011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial — Retail 415,935 17.5
Large General Service 021, 022 Large Commercial — Office 1,556,929 16.7
Extra Large General
Service Commercial 025C Extra Large Commercial — University 265,686 13.9
Extra Large General
Service Industrial 025I Extra Large Industrial 613,615 40.0
Total 2,852,165

Table 3-7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment and Typical
Building
Electricity
sales (MWh)
Intensity
(kWh/sq.ft.)
General Service 011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial — Retail 322,570 17.5
Large General Service 021, 022 Large Commercial — Office 699,953 16.7
Extra Large General
Service Commercial 025C Extra Large Commercial — University 70,361 13.9
Extra Large General
Service Industrial 025I, 025P Extra Large Industrial 1,087,974 40.0
Total 2,180,858

3.2.2 C&I Market Profiles
For the C&I sector, the approach we used to develop market profiles is similar to what we
described above for residential.
Saturations are the percentage of floor space with each electric end use. For space heating,
cooling and water heating, this embodies the electric fuel share. For space heating and
cooling, it also embodies the fraction of conditioned space. The saturation values for each
end use are from NEEA reports, supplemented with other secondary sources to develop the
technology-level saturations. For the industrial segments, we drew upon U.S. Industrial
Electric Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment from the US Department of Energy
(US DOE) and the EIA Annual Energy Outlook.
EUIs (end-use indices) represent the amount of electricity used per square foot of floor
space in buildings where the equipment is present. Data from NEEA. US DOE, EIA, and other
secondary sources provided EUIs by end use. We developed the technology-level EUIs using
our engineering model BEST and other secondary sources. Finally, we adjusted the EUIs to
calibrate to Avista’s overall building type intensity.
Intensity is the average use across all floor space (computed as the product of saturation
and EUI). For the industrial sector, we calibrate
Annual use is the total consumption in 2009 for each end use (computed as the product of
the intensity and the floor space for the segment.
Figure 3-7 shows the breakdown of annual electricity usage by end use for the C&I sector as a
whole. Lighting is the largest single end use in the sector, accounting for one fifth of total usage.
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Figure 3-7 Commercial and Industrial Electricity Consumption by End Use, 2009

This information is further detailed in Figure 3-8, which shows the end-use breakdown for the
composite of the three commercial segments — Small/Medium, Large, and Extra Large — and
Figure 3-9, which shows similar information for the Extra Large Industrial segment.
Observations include the following:
Commercial buildings
o Lighting is the largest single energy use across all of the commercial buildings,
accounting for 29% of energy use.
o Space conditioning, including heating, cooling, and ventilation, is close behind with 27%
of energy use.
o Miscellaneous and office equipment are the next largest energy uses.
o Water heating, refrigeration, and food preparation are only a small portion of energy use
in the commercial sector overall, though they are more significant in specific building
types (supermarkets, restaurants, hospitals, lodging).
Extra Large Industrial facilities
o Machine drive and process loads dominate in this segment, together accounting for 65%
of energy use.
o HVAC and interior lighting consume 17% and 6% of energy respectively.
Cooling
9%
Space Heating
5%
Heat & Cool
2%
Ventilation
8%
Water Heating
5%
Food Preparation
2%
Refrigeration
4%Interior Lighting
21%
Exterior Lighting
3%
Office Equipment
7%
Miscellaneous
12%
Machine Drive
15%
Process
7%
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Figure 3-8 Commercial End Use Consumption, 2009

Figure 3-9 Extra Large Industrial End Use Consumption, 2009

Table 3-8 shows an example commercial average base year market profile, in this case for the
Washington Small/Medium Commercial Segment. The table show data captured from LoadMAP,
where values shown in red are inputs to the model. The market profiles for each of the
Washington and Idaho C&I segments are shown in Appendices A and B respectively.
Cooling
10%
Space Heating
6%
Heat & Cool
2%
Ventilation
9%
Water Heating
8%
Food Preparation
3%
Refrigeration
6%
Interior Lighting
29%
Exterior Lighting
5%
Office Equipment
10%
Miscellaneous
12%
Cooling
6%
Space Heating
3%Heat & Cool
0%
Ventilation
8%
Interior
Lighting
6%
Exterior
Lighting
1%
Miscellaneous
12%
Machine Drive
45%
Process
20%
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Table 3-8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh)(kWh/Sqft.)(GWh)(kWh)(kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 13.8%2.39 0.33 8 13.8%2.15 0.30 -10%
Cooling RTU 63.1%2.46 1.55 37 63.1%2.22 1.40 -10%
Cooling PTAC 3.3%2.44 0.08 2 3.3%2.20 0.07 -10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 3.6%6.19 0.22 5 3.6%5.57 0.20 -10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.9%6.72 0.39 9 5.9%6.72 0.39 0%
Space Heating Furnace 17.7%7.05 1.25 30 17.7%6.34 1.13 -10%
Ventilation Ventilation 76.9%2.09 1.61 38 76.9%1.88 1.45 -10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw-in 100.0%1.00 1.00 24 100.0%0.90 0.90 -10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0%0.68 0.68 16 100.0%0.61 0.61 -10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0%3.37 3.37 80 100.0%3.03 3.03 -10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw-in 82.6%0.20 0.16 4 82.6%0.18 0.15 -10%
Exterior Lighting HID 82.6%0.76 0.63 15 82.6%0.68 0.56 -10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 82.6%0.16 0.13 3 82.6%0.14 0.12 -10%
Water Heating Water Heater 63.0%2.00 1.26 30 63.0%1.90 1.19 -5%
Food Preparation Fryer 25.8%0.16 0.04 1 25.8%0.16 0.04 0%
Food Preparation Oven 25.8%0.98 0.25 6 25.8%0.98 0.25 0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 25.8%0.06 0.01 0 25.8%0.06 0.01 0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 25.8%0.31 0.08 2 25.8%0.31 0.08 0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 25.8%0.01 0.00 0 25.8%0.01 0.00 0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 0.0%- - - 0.0%- -
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 52.4%0.45 0.23 6 52.4%0.40 0.21 -10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 52.4%0.50 0.26 6 52.4%0.45 0.24 -10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 52.4%0.04 0.02 1 52.4%0.04 0.02 -10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 52.4%0.30 0.16 4 52.4%0.30 0.16 0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 52.4%0.34 0.18 4 52.4%0.34 0.18 0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 99.9%0.48 0.48 11 99.9%0.48 0.48 0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 99.9%0.06 0.06 1 99.9%0.06 0.06 0%
Office Equipment Server 99.9%0.36 0.36 9 99.9%0.36 0.36 0%
Office Equipment Monitor 99.9%0.25 0.25 6 99.9%0.25 0.25 0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 99.9%0.24 0.24 6 99.9%0.24 0.24 0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 99.9%0.27 0.27 7 99.9%0.27 0.27 0%
Miscellaneous Non-HVAC Motor 40.2%1.22 0.49 12 40.2%1.22 0.49 0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0%1.43 1.43 34 100.0%1.43 1.43 0%
17.50 416 16.3
New Units
Compared to
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
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CHAPTER 4

BASELINE FORECAST
Prior to developing estimates of energy-efficiency potential, a baseline end-use forecast was
prepared to quantify how electricity is used by end use in the base year and what electricity is
likely to be in the future in absence of new utility programs. The baseline forecast serves as the
metric against which energy-efficiency potentials — technical, economic, and achievable — are
compared.
4.1 RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
4.1.1 Residential Baseline Forecast Drivers
In general, the baseline forecast incorporates assumptions about economic growth, electricity
prices, appliance/equipment standards and building codes already mandated, and naturally
occurring conservation. The key inputs we used to develop the forecast for Avista include:
Customer growth: provided by Avista through 2015, and rate of growth assumed constant
thereafter
Forecasts of electricity prices: provided by Avista through 2015, with rate of increases
thereafter based on the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO)
Forecasts of household size: from Census data and the 6th Plan
Forecast of income: from Washington state data
Trends in end-use/technology saturations: developed from the AEO
Equipment purchase decisions: developed from AEO
Table 4-1 presents the assumptions used in the forecast regarding market size growth,
household size, median household income, and electricity prices. The market size growth rate
was applied equally to each of the four segments.
Table 4-1 Residential Market Size Forecast (number of households)
Driver 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Average
Growth
(%/yr)
Market Size WA
(number of households) 200,134 204,530 217,921 232,414 247,871 264,356 1.21%
Market Size ID
(number of households) 99,579 102,077 108,592 115,553 122,960 130,842 1.19%
Persons per household 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 –
Electricity price WA
(cents per kWh) $0.0721 $0.0796 $0.0804 $0.0825 $0.0845 $0.0867 0.80%
Electricity price ID
(cents per kWh) $0.0742 $0.0855 $0.0876 $0.0898 $0.0921 $0.0944 1.05%
Per capita income
($ real, 2000) $34,506 $35,787 $39,202 $43,623 $48,400 $53,700 1.92%
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In addition to forecasts for household size, electricity price, and median household income, the
model also requires elasticities for these variables. The elasticities for prices and persons per
household are based on the REEPS model developed by the Electric Power Research Institute
(EPRI). The income elasticity was provided by Avista. The values are as follows:
–0.151 for electricity prices
0.75 for income for all end uses except for appliances, where we use 0.375
0.20 for persons per household
In addition, we implemented the following assumptions for the residential sector8:
In 2006, a Federal standard for central air conditioners and heat pumps went into effect,
requiring all newly manufactured air conditioners and heat pumps to meet SEER 13 or better.
This standard applies to replace-upon-burnout in existing construction and new construction.
In 2016, the standard becomes SEER 149.
In April 2010, DOE released updated water heater standards that go into effect April 16,
2015. The new standard for water heaters with volume at or below 55 gallons requires an
energy factor (EF) equal to 0.96 minus 0.0003 times the rated storage volume in gallons.
DOE is scheduled to make a final ruling on refrigerator and freezer standards on December
31, 2010. We incorporated this anticipated ruling into the forecast and assumed that
refrigeration and freezer consumption will decrease by 20% in 201410. This forecast does not
include anticipated standards for room air conditioners, clothes washers, clothes dryers and
dishwashers because DOE rulings on the standards have not yet been set.
Residential lighting is affected by the passage of the Energy Independence and Security Act
(EISA) in 2007, which mandates higher efficacies for lighting technologies starting in 2012.
Several lighting technologies are anticipated to meet this standard when it goes into effect,
including compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and white light-emitting diodes (LED). As a result,
the share of incandescent lamps decreases while CFL and LED purchases increase. CFLs
dominate over the forecast period, but LEDs account for about 20% of purchases by 2020.
In November 2008, ENERGY STAR 3.0 for color televisions went into effect. This standard
sets the rules for becoming ENERGY STAR qualified. One such criterion is that TVs must not
exceed 1 watt of power in standby mode.
4.1.2 Residential Baseline Forecast Results
Overall, residential use in both states and for all segments increases from 3,634,054 MWh in
2009 to 5,600,870 MWh in 2032, an average annual growth rate of 1.9%. This is slightly higher
than the 1.5% annual growth rate in Avista’s 2009 IRP for the period 2009 through 2030.
Because the IRP forecast includes future conservation activities and LoadMAP’s baseline forecast
does not, we would generally expect LoadMAP’s baseline forecast to be somewhat higher . This
increase is also more than double the AEO forecast of 0.8% average growth.

8 These assumptions reflect standards in effect as of late 2010 or scheduled to take effect over the course of the 20-year study period. Because some of these standards were not yet announced when the NWPCC Sixth Plan was developed, this study’s baseline incorporates reduced baseline energy usage compared with the Sixth Plan. 9 This assumption was included in the 2010 Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) forecast. The SEER 14 standard level used in the AEO
forecast was established in a 2009 consensus agreement made between equipment manufacturers and energy efficiency advocacy organizations. DOE is required to publish the final rule on central air conditioners and heat pump standards in 2011. 10 This level is consistent with the standard recently agreed upon in a joint proposal by home appliance manufacturers and energy
efficiency advocates which states that refrigeration and freezer consumption must decrease by 20-30% effective in 2014.
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General observations about this forecast include the following:
Overall, household growth is robust, with a nearly 32% increase between 2009 and 2032.
The AEO forecast is somewhat lower, with a 26% increase in the number of households.
The factors that impact usage — relatively low electricity prices and strong income growth —
result in strong residential consumption growth over the forecast period.
New homes are larger than existing homes, based on data from the AEO and other studies.
However, equipment and appliances are more efficient, so the combined effect is slightly
positive.
Figure 4-1 presents the baseline forecast at the end-use level for the residential sector as a
whole, in both Washington and Idaho.
Figure 4-1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use

End-use specific observations include:
The drop in all space conditioning loads from 2009 to 2012 is due to the transition from
actual weather in 2009 (589 cooling degree days and 6,976 heating degree days) to the
normal weather forecast (434 cooling degree days and 6,657 heating degree days)
thereafter.
Cooling grows due to increasing saturation of central air conditioning in new homes and
larger home sizes, as well as the addition of central air conditioning to existing homes.
Space heating, combined heating and cooling, and water heating grow, but at a slightly
moderate rate compared to cooling, again due to the growth in households and to larger
home sizes.
Beginning in 2012, the federal lighting standards cause a decline in electricity for interior
lighting use of 29% and exterior lighting use by 41% over the forecast period. The AEO 2010
forecast projects a 26% decline in lighting energy use over the same period. The AEO
reduction is less than that shown here, again due to increasing home size.
Appliances decrease, reflecting efficiency gains, particularly in the refrigeration appliances
due to standards that offset the small increases in saturations of dishwashers, clothes
washers, and clothes dryers.
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Growth in electricity use in electronics is strong and reflects an increase in the saturation of
electronics and the trend toward higher-powered computers and larger televisions.
Growth in miscellaneous use is also substantial. This has been a long-term trend and we
incorporate growth assumptions that are consistent with the AEO.
Figure 4-2 presents the forecast of use per household. Most noticeable is that lighting use
decreases significantly after 2010, as the lighting standard from EISA comes into effect and as
LED lamps begin to gain traction in the later years of the forecast. Appliance use also decreases
over the forecast period due to appliance standards. Use in electronics and miscellaneous
increase over the forecast period, reflecting the trend that households continue to add various
electronics to the home.
Figure 4-2 Residential Baseline Electricity Use per Household by End Use

Table 4-2 shows the forecast by end use, while Table 4-3 provides additional detail by technology
within each end use. Central AC increases during the forecast as more households add air
conditioning. Screw-in lighting decreases as a result of the EISA lighting standard. Over the forecast
period there is strong growth in usage from electronics due to the increase in saturation.
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Table 4-2 Residential Baseline Forecast Electricity Consumption by End Use (MWh)
End Use 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg. growth
rate
Cooling 180,022 164,865 197,394 239,439 292,044 355,171 97% 3.0%
Space Heating 784,854 783,258 906,261 1,051,822 1,210,093 1,383,665 76% 2.5%
Heat & Cool 213,860 201,410 229,160 258,676 295,177 341,644 60% 2.0%
Water Heating 549,606 557,022 611,950 675,037 748,494 830,988 51% 1.8%
Interior Lighting 790,377 776,482 795,594 835,023 894,245 989,025 25% 1.0%
Exterior Lighting 383,305 371,610 246,575 256,864 262,823 271,374 -29% -1.5%
Appliances 63,864 61,321 41,763 39,795 38,430 37,735 -41% -2.3%
Electronics 315,599 336,152 394,727 459,538 529,485 616,688 95% 2.9%
Miscellaneous 352,599 374,575 447,870 540,047 648,055 774,496 120% 3.4%
Total 180,022 164,865 197,394 239,439 292,044 355,171 54% 1.9%

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Table 4-3 Residential Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use and Technology (MWh)
End Use Technology 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg. Growth
Rate
Cooling Central AC 140,731 130,669 161,085 199,996 249,120 308,429 119% 3.4%
Room AC 39,291 34,196 36,310 39,443 42,924 46,742 19% 0.8%
Space Heating
Electric Furnace 447,317 447,255 520,409 606,695 700,178 801,899 79% 2.5%
Electric Resistance 335,280 333,732 383,172 441,947 506,164 577,358 72% 2.4%
Supplemental 2,257 2,272 2,680 3,180 3,750 4,409 95% 2.9%
Heat & Cool Air Source Heat Pump 209,371 197,111 224,050 252,476 287,663 332,619 59% 2.0%
Geothermal Heat Pump 4,489 4,299 5,109 6,200 7,514 9,025 101% 3.0%
Water Heating Water Heater 549,606 557,022 611,950 675,037 748,494 830,988 51% 1.8%
Appliances
Refrigerator 223,654 213,517 204,566 204,184 209,933 231,329 3% 0.1%
Freezer 141,950 137,910 137,084 136,274 143,528 158,560 12% 0.5%
Second Refrigerator 83,117 77,296 72,374 70,707 69,137 73,789 -11% -0.5%
Clothes Washer 26,332 26,102 27,746 30,875 34,868 39,019 48% 1.7%
Clothes Dryer 149,267 150,677 163,829 180,582 199,465 221,428 48% 1.7%
Dishwasher 47,886 48,894 54,242 60,691 68,105 76,321 59% 2.0%
Stove 77,079 79,792 89,107 99,966 111,884 125,081 62% 2.1%
Microwave 41,092 42,294 46,647 51,744 57,325 63,498 55% 1.9%
Interior
Lighting
Screw-in 342,923 329,329 198,253 200,264 196,856 194,811 -43% -2.5%
Linear Fluorescent 24,025 25,171 29,266 34,273 39,944 46,451 93% 2.9%
Pin-based 16,358 17,110 19,056 22,326 26,023 30,112 84% 2.7%
Exterior
Lighting
Screw-in 63,165 60,629 41,255 39,254 37,834 37,069 -41% -2.3%
High Intensity/Flood 698 692 508 540 596 666 -5% -0.2%
Electronics
Personal Computers 94,922 101,516 120,451 143,627 170,677 202,632 113% 3.3%
TVs 206,326 219,527 256,515 294,816 333,825 384,485 86% 2.7%
Devices and Gadgets 14,351 15,110 17,761 21,095 24,983 29,572 106% 3.1%
Miscellaneous
Furnace Fan 32,029 33,795 39,817 47,004 54,841 63,046 97% 2.9%
Pool Pump 38,852 39,438 44,334 51,331 59,964 69,728 79% 2.5%
Miscellaneous 281,718 301,342 363,719 441,712 533,250 641,722 128% 3.6%
Grand Total 3,634,086 3,626,696 3,871,294 4,356,240 4,918,847 5,600,787 54% 1.9%
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4.2 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
4.2.1 C&I Baseline Forecast Drivers
As is the case with the residential sector, the C&I baseline forecast incorporates assumptions
about economic growth, electricity prices, equipment standards and building codes already
mandated, and naturally occurring conservation. The key inputs we used to develop the forecast
for Avista include:
Floor space growth for Commercial segments derived from Avista customer and load growth
projections through 2015 and from Avista IRP projections regarding expansion of existing
Extra Large Customer facilities; after 2015 assumed constant growth rate of 2% based on
Avista IRP11
Floor space growth for Extra Large Industrial segment derived from Avista customer and load
growth projections through 2015; thereafter based on based on employment growth of 2.8%
in Washington and 1.4% in Idaho12
Forecasts of electricity prices provided by Avista through 2015, with rate of increases
thereafter based on the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO)
Trends in end-use/technology saturations developed from the AEO
Equipment purchase decisions developed from AEO13
Table 4-4 presents the growth and electricity price assumptions used in the C&I forecast. Market
size growth is shown as an indexed value where 2009 equals 1.0
Table 4-4 Commercial Market Size Growth and Electricity Price Forecast
Indexed Market Size
2009 = 1.0 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Avg.
Growth
(%/yr)
Small/Med. Comm., WA 1.00 1.04 1.14 1.26 1.39 1.53 1.85%
Large Comm., WA 1.00 1.01 1.10 1.22 1.34 1.48 1.72%
Extra Large Comm., WA 1.00 1.05 1.34 1.48 1.63 1.80 2.57%
Extra Large Industrial, WA 1.00 1.16 1.31 1.51 1.73 1.99 2.99%
Small/Med. Comm., ID 1.00 1.03 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.53 1.84%
Large Comm., ID 1.00 1.03 1.15 1.27 1.40 1.54 1.88%
Extra Large Comm., ID 1.00 1.04 1.25 1.38 1.52 1.68 2.26%
Extra Large Industrial, ID 1.00 1.04 1.13 1.21 1.30 1.39 1.44%

Electricity Price 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Avg.
Growth
(%/yr)
Electricity price, WA
(cents per kWh) $0.0700 $0.0698 $0.0703 $0.0727 $0.0752 $0.0778 0.46%
Electricity price, ID
(cents per kWh) $0.0566 $0.0586 $0.0600 $0.0621 $0.0642 $0.0664 0.69%
11 Avista 2009 IRP, p. 2-10: Commercial usage per customer is forecast to increase for several years due to additional buildings either built or anticipated to be built by existing very large customers, such as Washington State University and Sacred Heart Hospital. Expected additions for very large customers are included in the forecast through 2015, and no additions are included in the forecast after 2015. 12 Avista 2009 IRP p. 2-6.
13 We developed baseline purchase decisions using the Energy Information Agency’s Annual Energy Outlook report (2010), which
utilizes the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) to produce a self-consistent supply and demand economic model. We calibrated
equipment purchase options to match manufacturer shipment data for recent years and trended forward.
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4.2.2 C&I Baseline Forecast Results
Figure 4-3 and Table 4-5 present the baseline forecast at the end-use level for the C&I sector as a
whole. Overall, C&I annual energy use increases from 5,033,023 MWh in 2009 to 7,239,694 MWh in
2032, a 43.8% increase. This reflects growth in floor space across all sectors. Table 4-6 presents the
C&I forecast by technology. Interior screw-in lighting increases over the forecast period, but at a
slower rate than other technologies as a result of the lighting standard.
Figure 4-3 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use

-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
An
n
u
a
l

U
s
e

(
M
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
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Table 4-5 C&I Electricity Consumption by End Use (MWh)
End Use 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg. growth
rate
Cooling 433,257 429,715 453,330 473,311 504,446 550,621 27.1% 1.04%
Space Heating 250,919 224,970 249,918 273,638 300,093 330,065 31.5% 1.19%
Heat & Cool 81,984 80,104 82,263 86,559 94,007 103,167 25.8% 1.00%
Ventilation 421,805 426,987 457,118 487,582 534,845 588,427 39.5% 1.45%
Water Heating 246,022 244,232 266,435 289,253 315,002 344,844 40.2% 1.47%
Food Preparation 92,263 94,294 104,419 114,396 125,186 136,992 48.5% 1.72%
Refrigeration 203,660 204,139 213,050 224,372 242,222 264,431 29.8% 1.14%
Interior Lighting 1,079,050 1,106,035 1,175,567 1,274,090 1,388,871 1,513,165 40.2% 1.47%
Exterior Lighting 179,595 183,933 202,023 219,529 239,546 261,703 45.7% 1.64%
Office Equipment 344,351 363,758 387,164 421,052 458,189 498,560 44.8% 1.61%
Miscellaneous 619,607 645,918 714,601 785,490 863,772 950,463 53.4% 1.86%
Machine Drive 740,191 800,303 881,202 966,387 1,061,952 1,169,146 58.0% 1.99%
Process 340,318 367,955 405,497 445,447 489,890 539,389 58.5% 2.00%
Total 433,257 429,715 453,330 473,311 504,446 550,621 27.1% 1.04%

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Table 4-6 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use and Technology (MWh)
End Use Technology 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg.
Growth
Rate
Cooling
Central Chiller 161,468 161,651 175,544 184,829 194,228 210,874 30.6% 1.16%
PTAC 18,631 18,428 18,862 19,691 21,069 23,036 23.6% 0.92%
RTU 253,158 249,637 258,925 268,791 289,149 316,711 25.1% 0.97%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 102,223 191,387 212,950 234,235 257,713 283,617 177.5% 4.44%
Furnace 148,697 33,583 36,969 39,403 42,380 46,447 -68.8% -5.06%
Heat & Cool Heat Pump 81,984 80,104 82,263 86,559 94,007 103,167 25.8% 1.00%
Ventilation Ventilation 421,805 426,987 457,118 487,582 534,845 588,427 39.5% 1.45%
Water Heating Water Heater 246,022 244,232 266,435 289,253 315,002 344,844 40.2% 1.47%
Food Preparation
Dishwasher 5,561 5,675 6,260 6,889 7,580 8,341 50.0% 1.76%
Fryer 10,938 11,160 12,267 13,442 14,715 16,107 47.3% 1.68%
Oven 64,439 65,882 73,158 80,123 87,640 95,864 48.8% 1.73%
Hot Food Container 10,600 10,838 11,915 13,043 14,260 15,590 47.1% 1.68%
Food Prep 724 739 818 900 991 1,090 50.5% 1.78%
Refrigeration
Walk in Refrigeration 26,545 26,356 27,877 29,977 32,721 35,993 35.6% 1.32%
Glass Door Display 29,998 29,887 31,549 33,927 37,032 40,736 35.8% 1.33%
Solid Door Refrigerator 56,389 55,997 58,578 61,819 66,199 71,682 27.1% 1.04%
Open Display Case 18,136 18,080 19,502 20,983 22,909 25,201 39.0% 1.43%
Vending Machine 28,068 28,373 25,594 23,005 23,392 24,849 -11.5% -0.53%
Icemaker 44,524 45,447 49,951 54,661 59,969 65,969 48.2% 1.71%
Interior Lighting
HID 175,721 181,398 198,158 215,929 235,578 257,305 46.4% 1.66%
Linear Fluorescent 686,924 702,882 771,014 840,371 916,893 1,001,311 45.8% 1.64%
Interior Screw-in 216,406 221,755 206,395 217,790 236,400 254,549 17.6% 0.71%

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Table 4-6 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use and Technology (MWh) (continued)
End Use Technology 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 % Change
('09–'32)
Avg.
Growth
Rate
Exterior Lighting
HID 132,407 135,795 150,576 164,140 179,105 195,616 47.7% 1.70%
Linear Fluorescent 25,393 25,871 28,196 30,732 33,529 36,611 44.2% 1.59%
Exterior Screw-in 21,795 22,266 23,250 24,657 26,912 29,475 35.2% 1.31%
Office Equipment
Monitor 41,029 53,265 46,532 50,891 55,743 61,060 48.8% 1.73%
Server 74,853 76,495 84,537 93,022 102,358 112,632 50.5% 1.78%
Desktop Computer 154,994 158,861 173,772 187,271 201,951 217,747 40.5% 1.48%
Laptop Computer 13,081 13,425 14,794 15,996 17,306 18,722 43.1% 1.56%
Printer/copier/fax 39,520 40,314 44,034 48,018 52,383 57,096 44.5% 1.60%
POS Terminal 20,873 21,398 23,495 25,853 28,448 31,304 50.0% 1.76%
Miscellaneous
Other Miscellaneous 263,934 269,935 298,454 328,409 361,370 397,639 50.7% 1.78%
Miscellaneous 208,493 225,425 248,425 272,900 300,128 330,453 58.5% 2.00%
Non-HVAC Motor 147,180 150,558 167,722 184,182 202,275 222,371 51.1% 1.79%
Machine Drive
Less than 5 HP 35,529 38,415 41,579 44,045 47,585 52,286 47.2% 1.68%
5-24 HP 76,980 83,231 91,723 100,760 110,813 122,010 58.5% 2.00%
25-99 HP 188,009 203,277 224,017 246,087 270,640 297,986 58.5% 2.00%
100-249 HP 106,588 115,244 127,002 139,514 153,434 168,937 58.5% 2.00%
250-499 HP 116,950 126,448 139,349 153,078 168,351 185,361 58.5% 2.00%
500 and more HP 216,136 233,688 257,531 282,903 311,129 342,566 58.5% 2.00%
Process
Process
Cooling/Refrigeration 102,095 110,387 121,649 133,634 146,967 161,817 58.5% 2.00%
Process Heating 153,143 165,580 182,474 200,451 220,451 242,725 58.5% 2.00%
Electrochemical
Process 85,079 91,989 101,374 111,362 122,473 134,847 58.5% 2.00%
Grand Total 5,033,023 5,172,344 5,592,586 6,061,107 6,618,022 7,250,973 44.1% 1.59%
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4.3 BASELINE FORECAST SUMMARY
Table 4-7 and Figure 4-4 provide an overall summary of the baseline forecast by sector and for the Avista system as a whole. Overall, the forecast
for the next 20 years shows substantial growth, reflecting projected increases in customers and income. This forecast is the metric against which
the energy-efficiency savings potential is compared.
Table 4-7 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State
End Use 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
% Change
('09–'32)
Avg. Growth
Rate
('09–'32)
Res. WA 2,451,707 2,448,104 2,617,630 2,947,427 3,329,882 3,792,486 54.7% 1.9%
Res. ID 1,182,379 1,178,591 1,253,664 1,408,812 1,588,965 1,808,300 52.9% 1.8%
C&I WA 2,852,165 2,955,156 3,209,083 3,509,816 3,869,176 4,280,649 50.1% 1.8%
C&I ID 2,180,858 2,217,188 2,383,504 2,551,291 2,748,846 2,970,324 36.2% 1.3%
Total 8,667,109 8,799,039 9,463,880 10,417,347 11,536,869 12,851,760 48.3% 1.7%

Figure 4-4 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector and State

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4.3.1 Comparison of Baseline Forecast with Avista 2009 IRP
Table 4-8 compares the Avista 2009 IRP forecast, the LoadMAP baseline forecast for Washington
and Idaho combined, and the regional forecast from the Sixth Plan. For the LoadMAP baseline
and Avista forecast, the table shows data for the period 2009 through 2030, the last year of the
IRP forecast. The Sixth Plan forecast is the medium case scenario for 2010 through 2030.
Table 4-8 Comparison of LoadMAP Baseline, Avista IRP, and Sixth Plan Energy
Forecasts (MWh)
LoadMAP Baseline Avista IRP14 Sixth
Plan15
Sector 2009 2030
Avg.
Growth
('09-'30)
2009 2030
Avg.
Growth
('09-'30)
Avg.
Growth
('10-'30)
Residential 3,634,086 5,314,970 1.8% 3,700,000 5,048,000 1.5% 1.4%
Commercial 3,331,433 4,457,968 1.4% 3,400,000 4,773,000 1.6% 1.6%
Industrial 1,701,589 2,530,353 1.9% 1,900,000 3,029,000 2.2% 0.8%
Total 8,667,109 12,303,291 1.7% 9,002,009 12,852,030 1.7% 1.4%

The LoadMAP and IRP forecasts do not match exactly for the base year, likely due to the slightly
different ways in which the study team selected rate classes to include and how we grouped
them. Also, the IRP was prepared in September 2009, before final results for 2009 were
available.
Overall growth in energy usage agrees well between LoadMAP and the IRP, at approximately
1.7% annual average growth. However, Global’s forecast for the Residential sector produces
greater growth than the IRP’s projections, while the opposite is true for Commercial and
Industrial sectors. Because the LoadMAP baseline excludes future additional conservation
activities, we would generally expect it to be somewhat higher than the IRP forecast, as is the
case with the Residential sector. In general, the Sixth Plan forecast, which also excludes
additional conservation, is lower than both the LoadMAP and Avista IRP forecasts, with the
exception of the Commercial sector, where the Sixth Plan and the Avista IRP agree.
Retail Electricity Prices
Table 4-9 compares retail electricity prices used in the LoadMAP model and those projected in
the IRP.
Table 4-9 Comparison of Retail Electricity Prices
LoadMAP Avista IRP16
Sector 2009
($/kWh)
2018
($/kWh)
Avg.
Growth
('09-'18)
2019
($/kWh)
2032
($/kWh)
Avg.
Growth
('19-'32)
Avg.
Growth
('19-'32)
Avg.
Growth
('19-'30)
Res. WA $0.072 $0.080 1.2% $0.0818 $0.087 0.5% 10.0% Inflation
Res. ID $0.074 $0.088 1.8% $0.089 $0.094 0.5% 10.0% Inflation
C&I WA $0.0700 $0.0703 0.1% $0.0713 $0.0778 0.7% 10.0% Inflation
C&I ID $0.0566 $0.0600 0.6% $0.0608 $0.0664 0.7% 10.0% inflation

14 Avista forecast from 2009 IRP, Figure 2.10 and p. 2-12. 15 NPCC Sixth Northwest Conservation and Electric Power Plan, p. C-6, table C-3. 16 Avista 2009 IRP, p. 2-9.
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Avista’s IRP forecast ―is based on retail prices increasing an average of 10 percent annually from
2010 to 2018, followed by increases at the rate of inflation thereafter.‖ However, Avista’s most
recent load forecast for 2011–2015 shows lower annual rate increases. For this study, Global
used the rates from the 2011–2015 load forecast and thereafter, based on data from the AEO,
increased rates by 0.50% and 0.68% respectively for residential and C/I customers.
Residential Energy Use per Household
As mentioned above, the LoadMAP residential baseline energy use forecast is higher than the IRP
residential forecast. Furthermore, the baseline forecast of energy use per household is notably
different, with average growth of 0.6% compared with Avista IRP showing that energy use per
household decreases over time.17
Long-Term Weather
This study used the 30-year normal weather data. In contrast, the IRP mentions warming trends
in recent weather. Although the model does not directly account for climate changes, the
residential market profiles show an increase in air conditioning saturation over time, which
indirectly reflects weather trends.

17 Avista 2009 IRP Figure 2.9, p. 2-11.
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CHAPTER 5
ENERGY-EFFICIENCY MEASURE ANALYSIS
This section describes the framework used to assess the savings, costs, and other attributes of
energy-efficiency measures. These characteristics form the basis for measure-level cost-
effectiveness analyses as well as for determining measure-level savings. For all measures, Global
assembled information to reflect equipment performance, incremental costs, and equipment
lifetimes. We used this information, along with the avoided costs, in the economic screen to
determine economically feasible measures. Figure 5-1 outlines the framework for measure
analysis.
Figure 5-1 Approach for Measure Assessment

5.1 SELECTION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
The first step of the energy efficiency measure analysis was to identify the list of all relevant
energy efficiency measures that should be considered for the Avista CPA. Sources consulted to
develop the list for this study included:
Avista’s existing conservation programs
The Sixth Power Plan database of EE measure costs and savings
NEEA’s Regional Technical Forum
Database for Energy Efficient Resources (DEER): The California Energy Commission and
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) sponsor this database, which is designed to
provide well-documented estimates of energy and peak demand savings values, measure
costs, and effective useful life (EUL) all with one data source for the state of California.
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Global’s Database of Energy Efficiency Measures (DEEM). In 2004, Global prepared a
database of energy efficiency measures for residential and commercial segments across the
U.S., analogous to the DEER database developed for California. Global updates the database
on a regular basis as it conducts new energy efficiency potential studies.
EPRI National Potential Study (2009). Global’s assessment of the national potential for
energy efficiency derived for the four DOE regions (including the Pacific region.
Other recent Global potential studies
Measures can be categorized into one of two types, equipment measures and non-equipment
measures, according to the LoadMAP taxonomy:
Equipment measures, or efficient energy-consuming equipment, save energy by providing the
same service with a lower energy requirement. An example is the replacement of a standard
efficiency refrigerator with an ENERGY STAR model. For equipment measures, many efficiency
levels are available for a specific technology that range from the baseline unit (often determined
by code or standard) up to the most efficient product commercially available. For instance, in the
case of central air conditioners, this list begins with the federal standard SEER 13 unit and spans
a broad spectrum of efficiency, with the highest efficiency level represented by a ductless mini-
split system with variable refrigerant flow (at SEER levels of 18 or greater).
Non-equipment measures save energy by reducing the need for delivered energy but do not
involve replacement or purchase of major end-use equipment (such as a refrigerator or air
conditioner). An example would be a programmable thermostat that is pre-set, for example, to
run the air conditioner only when people are home. Non-equipment measures fall into one of the
following categories:
Building shell (windows, insulation, roofing material)
Equipment controls (thermostat, occupancy sensors)
Equipment maintenance (cleaning filters, changing setpoints)
Whole-building design (natural ventilation, passive solar lighting)
Lighting retrofits (included as a non-equipment measure because retrofits are performed
prior to the equipment’s normal end of life)
Displacement measures (ceiling fan instead of central air conditioner)
Non-equipment measures can apply to more than one end use. For example, insulation levels will
affect both cooling and space heating energy consumption.
Global prepared a preliminary list of measures for Avista’s review and revised the list based on
Avista’s input.
5.1.1 Residential Measures
Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 show the residential equipment and non-equipment measure options
respectively and the segments for which they were modeled. Residential measures are described
in Appendix C.
5.1.2 Commercial and Industrial Measures
Table 5-3and Table 5-4 list the C&I equipment and non-equipment measures, respectively.
Measures were modeled for nearly all C&I building types, both new and existing, with only a few
exceptions as shown. For all C&I segments, a custom measure category was included to serve as
a ―catch all‖ for measures for which costs and savings are not easily quantified and that could be
part of a program such as Avista’s existing Site-Specific incentive program. In addition, because
the Small/Medium Commercial and Large Commercial segments also include some industrial
customers, we included a non-equipment measure called Industrial Process Improvements to
capture potential savings from these customers. C&I Measures are described in Appendix D.
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Table 5-1 Summary of Residential Equipment Measures

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Eff
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End Use Technology Efficiency Option
Cooling
Central AC SEER 13 100%15 2009 2014
Central AC SEER 14 (ENERGY STAR)92%15 2009 2032
Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)89%15 2009 2032
Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)86%15 2009 2032
Central AC Ductless Mini-Split System 75%20 2009 2032
Room AC EER 9.8 100%10 2009 2032
Room AC EER 10.8 (ENERGY STAR)91%10 2009 2032
Room AC EER 11 89%10 2009 2032
Room AC EER 11.5 85%10 2009 2032
Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 100%15 2009 2014
Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (ENERGY STAR)92%15 2009 2032
Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)89%15 2009 2032
Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)86%15 2009 2032
Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini-Split System 75%20 2009 2032
Geothermal Heat Pump Standard 100%14 2009 2032
Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 86%14 2009 2032
Electric Resistance Electric Resistance 100%20 2009 2032
Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW 100%15 2009 2032
Supplemental Supplemental 100%5 2009 2032
Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)100%15 2009 2015
Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95)95%15 2009 2032
Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 32%15 2009 2032
Water Heater Solar 25%15 2009 2032
Screw-in Incandescent 100%4 2009 2014
Screw-in Infrared Halogen 81%5 2015 2020
Screw-in CFL 22%6 2009 2032
Screw-in LED 14%12 2009 2032
Linear Fluorescent T12 100%6 2009 2032
Linear Fluorescent T8 91%6 2009 2032
Linear Fluorescent Super T8 74%6 2009 2032
Linear Fluorescent T5 73%6 2009 2032
Linear Fluorescent LED 72%10 2009 2032
Pin-based Halogen 100%4 2009 2032
Pin-based CFL 23%6 2009 2032
Pin-based LED 16%10 2009 2032
Screw-in Incandescent 100%4 2009 2014
Screw-in Infrared Halogen 79%5 2015 2020
Screw-in CFL 20%6 2009 2032
Screw-in LED 14%12 2009 2032
High Intensity/Flood Incandescent 100%4 2009 2014
High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 88%4 2015 2020
High Intensity/Flood CFL 29%5 2009 2032
High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 27%5 2009 2032
High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 19%5 2009 2032
High Intensity/Flood LED 18%10 2009 2032
Cooling
Heat & Cool
Space
Heating
Water
Heating
Interior
Lighting
Exterior
Lighting
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 643
Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study
5-4 www.gepllc.com

Table 5-1 Summary of Residential Equipment Measures (continued)

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Eff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
Lif
e
t
i
m
e
On

M
a
r
k
e
t
Off

M
a
r
k
e
t
Sin
g
l
e

F
a
m
i
l
y

(e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

&

n
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w
)
Mu
l
f
i

F
a
m
i
l
y

(e
x
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s
t
i
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g

&

n
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w
)
Mo
b
i
l
e

H
o
m
e
(e
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t
i
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g

&

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)
Lo
w

I
n
c
o
m
e

(e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

&

n
e
w
)
Appliances
Clothes Washer Baseline 100%10 2009 2032
Clothes Washer ENERGY STAR (MEF > 1.8)70%10 2009 2032
Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 42%10 2009 2032
Clothes Dryer Baseline 100%13 2009 2032
Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 85%13 2009 2032
Dishwasher Baseline 100%9 2009 2032
Dishwasher ENERGY STAR 85%9 2009 2010
Dishwasher ENERGY STAR (2011)81%9 2011 2032
Refrigerator Baseline 100%13 2009 2013
Refrigerator ENERGY STAR 85%13 2009 2013
Refrigerator Baseline (2014)80%13 2014 2032
Refrigerator ENERGY STAR (2014)68%13 2014 2032
Freezer Baseline 100%11 2009 2013
Freezer ENERGY STAR 85%11 2009 2013
Freezer Baseline (2014)80%11 2014 2032
Freezer ENERGY STAR (2014)68%11 2014 2032
Second Refrigerator Baseline 100%13 2009 2013
Second Refrigerator ENERGY STAR 85%13 2009 2013
Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)80%13 2014 2032
Second Refrigerator ENERGY STAR (2014)68%13 2014 2032
Stove Baseline 100%13 2009 2032
Stove Convection Oven 98%13 2009 2032
Stove Induction (High Efficiency)88%13 2009 2032
Microwave Microwave 100%9 2009 2032
Personal Computers Baseline 100%5 2009 2032
Personal Computers ENERGY STAR 65%5 2009 2032
Personal Computers Climate Savers 50%5 2009 2032
TVs Baseline 100%11 2009 2032
TVs ENERGY STAR 80%11 2009 2032
Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets 100%5 2009 2032
Pool Pump Baseline Pump 100%15 2009 2032
Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 90%15 2009 2032
Pool Pump Two-Speed Pump 60%15 2009 2032
Furnace Fan Baseline 100%18 2009 2032
Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 75%18 2009 2032
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100%5 2009 2032
Appliances
Electronics
Miscellaneous
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 644
Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis
Global Energy Partners, LLC 5-5
An EnerNOC Company
Table 5-2 Summary of Residential Non-equipment Measures

End Use Measure Sin
g
l
e

F
a
m
i
l
y

Ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
Sin
g
l
e

F
a
m
i
l
y

Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
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t
i
o
n
Mu
l
f
i

F
a
m
i
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y

Ex
i
s
t
i
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g
Mu
l
t
i

F
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i
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y

Ne
w

C
o
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s
t
r
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c
t
i
o
n
Mo
b
i
l
e

H
o
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e

Ex
i
s
t
i
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g
Mo
b
i
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e

H
o
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e

Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
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c
t
i
o
n
Lo
w

I
n
c
o
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e

Ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
Lo
w

I
n
c
o
m
e

Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
HVAC
Central AC - Early Replacement
Central AC - Maintenance and Tune-Up
Room AC - Removal of Second Unit
Air Source Heat Pump - Maintenance
Furnace - Convert to Gas
Attic Fan - Installation
Attic Fan - Photovoltaic - Installation
Ceiling Fan - Installation
Whole-House Fan - Installation
Thermostat - Clock/Programmable
Insulation - Ceiling / Attic
Insulation - Radiant Barrier
Insulation - Infiltration Control
Insulation - Ducting
Repair and Sealing - Ducting
Insulation - Foundation
Insulation - Wall Cavity
Insulation - Wall Sheathing
Doors - Storm and Thermal
Windows - Reflective Film
Windows - High Efficiency/ENERGY STAR
Roofs - High Reflectivity
Trees for Shading
Int. Lighting Interior Lighting - Occupancy Sensors
Exterior Lighting - Photovoltaic Installation
Exterior Lighting - Photosensor Control
Exterior Lighting - Timeclock Installation
Water Heater - Faucet Aerators
Water Heater - Pipe Insulation
Water Heater - Low Flow Showerheads
Water Heater - Tank Blanket/Insulation
Water Heater - Thermostat Setback
Water Heater - Timer
Water Heater - Hot Water Saver
Water Heater - Drainwater Heat Recovery
Water Heater - Convert to Gas
Water Heater - Heat Pump Water Heater
Refrigerator - Early Replacement
Refrigerator - Remove Second Unit
Freezer - Early Replacement
Freezer - Remove Second Unit
Electronics Electronics - Reduce Standby Wattage
Misc.Pool - Pump Timer
Home Energy Management System
Advanced New Construction Designs
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes
ENERGY STAR Homes
Photovoltaic System
HVAC
Exterior
Lighting
Water Heating
Appliances
Multiple End
Uses
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Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study
5-6 www.gepllc.com

Table 5-3 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Equipment Measures

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Sm
a
l
l
/
M
e
d
.

C
o
m
m
.
(e
x
i
s
t
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g

&

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)
La
r
g
e

C
o
m
m
.
(e
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s
t
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&

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)
Ex
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r
a

L
a
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e

C
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.
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Ex
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I
n
d
.
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t
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)
Cooling
Central Chiller 1.5 kW/ton, COP 2.3
Central Chiller 1.3 kW/ton, COP 2.7
Central Chiller 1.26 kW/ton, COP 2.8
Central Chiller 1.0 kW/ton, COP 3.5
Central Chiller 0.97 kW/ton, COP 3.6
Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7
Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9
Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1
Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4
Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9
Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0
Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3
Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow
RTU EER 9.2
RTU EER 10.1
RTU EER 11.2
RTU EER 12.0
RTU Ductless VRF
PTAC EER 9.8
PTAC EER 10.2
PTAC EER 10.8
PTAC EER 11
PTAC EER 11.5
Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1
Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2
Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3
Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4
Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4
Heat Pump Ductless Mini-Split System
Heat Pump Geothermal*
Electric Resistance Standard
Furnace Standard
Ventilation Constant Volume
Ventilation Variable Air Volume
* New construction only
Cooling
Heat & Cool
Space
Heating
Ventilation
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An EnerNOC Company
Table 5-3 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Equipment Measures (continued)

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Sm
a
l
l
/
M
e
d
.

C
o
m
m
.
(e
x
i
s
t
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g

&

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)
La
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C
o
m
m
.
(e
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t
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Ex
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C
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Ex
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I
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d
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)
Interior
Lighting
Interior Screw-in Incandescents
Interior Screw-in Infrared Halogen
Interior Screw-in CFL
Interior Screw-in LED
HID Metal Halides
HID High Pressure Sodium
Linear Fluorescent T12
Linear Fluorescent T8
Linear Fluorescent Super T8
Linear Fluorescent T5
Linear Fluorescent LED
Exterior Screw-in Incandescents
Exterior Screw-in Infrared Halogen
Exterior Screw-in CFL
Exterior Screw-in Metal Halides
Exterior Screw-in LED
HID Metal Halides
HID High Pressure Sodium
HID Low Pressure Sodium
Linear Fluorescent T12
Linear Fluorescent T8
Linear Fluorescent Super T8
Linear Fluorescent T5
Linear Fluorescent LED
Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)
Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95)
Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump
Water Heater Solar
Fryer Standard
Fryer Efficient
Oven Standard
Oven Efficient
Dishwasher Standard
Dishwasher Efficient
Hot Food Container Standard
Hot Food Container Efficient
Food Prep Misc.Standard
Food Prep Misc.Efficient
Water
Heating
Food
Preparation
Exterior
Lighting
Interior
Lighting
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 647
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5-8 www.gepllc.com

Table 5-3 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Equipment Measures (continued)

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Sm
a
l
l
/
M
e
d
.

C
o
m
m
.
(e
x
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t
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g

&

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)
La
r
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C
o
m
m
.
(e
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t
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)
Ex
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a

L
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C
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.
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Ex
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.
(e
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Refrigeration
Walk in Refrigeration Standard
Walk in Refrigeration Efficient
Glass Door Display Standard
Glass Door Display Efficient
Solid Door Refrigerator Standard
Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient
Open Display Case Standard
Open Display Case Efficient
Vending Machine Base
Vending Machine Base (2012)
Vending Machine High Efficiency
Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)
Icemaker Standard
Icemaker Efficient
Desktop Computer Baseline
Desktop Computer ENERGY STAR
Desktop Computer Climate Savers
Laptop Computer Baseline
Laptop Computer ENERGY STAR
Laptop Computer Climate Savers
Server Standard
Server ENERGY STAR
Monitor Standard
Monitor ENERGY STAR
Printer/copier/fax Standard
Printer/copier/fax ENERGY STAR
POS Terminal Standard
POS Terminal ENERGY STAR
Non-HVAC Motor Standard
Non-HVAC Motor Standard (2015)
Non-HVAC Motor High Efficiency
Non-HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)
Non-HVAC Motor Premium
Non-HVAC Motor Premium (2015)
Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous
Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)
Refrigeration
Office
Equipment
Miscellaneous
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Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis
Global Energy Partners, LLC 5-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table 5-3 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Equipment Measures (continued)

End Use Technology Efficiency Option Sm
a
l
l
/
M
e
d
.

C
o
m
m
.
(e
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La
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Ex
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C
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)
Machine
Drive
Less than 5 HP Standard
Less than 5 HP High Efficiency
Less than 5 HP Standard (2015)
Less than 5 HP Premium
Less than 5 HP High Efficiency (2015)
Less than 5 HP Premium (2015)
5-24 HP Standard
5-24 HP High
5-24 HP Premium
25-99 HP Standard
25-99 HP High
25-99 HP Premium
100-249 HP Standard
100-249 HP High
100-249 HP Premium
250-499 HP Standard
250-499 HP High
250-499 HP Premium
500 and more HP Standard
500 and more HP High
500 and more HP Premium
Process Cooling/Refrig.Standard
Process Cooling/Refrig.Efficient
Process Heating Standard
Process Heating Efficient
Electrochemical Process Standard
Electrochemical Process Efficient
Process
Machine
Drive
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5-10 www.gepllc.com

Table 5-4 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Non-equipment Measures
Note: Conversion of electric furnaces to gas was only modeled for Small/Medium Commercial segment.
End Use Measure Co
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
Ex
i
s
t
i
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g

B
u
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l
d
i
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g
s
Co
m
m
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l

Ne
w

C
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s
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u
c
t
i
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In
d
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s
t
r
i
a
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Ex
i
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t
i
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g

B
u
i
l
d
i
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g
s
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
HVAC
RTU - Maintenance
RTU - Evaporative Precooler
Chiller - Chilled Water Reset
Chiller - Chilled Water Variable-Flow System
Chiller - Condenser Water Temprature Reset
Chiller - High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans
Chiller - Turbocor Compressor
Chiller - VSD
Cooling - Economizer Installation
Heat Pump - Maintenance
Insulation - Ducting
Repair and Sealing - Ducting
Insulation - Ceiling
Insulation - Radiant Barrier
Insulation - Wall Cavity
Cooking - Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control
Fans - Energy Efficient Motors
Fans - Variable Speed Control
Pumps - Variable Speed Control
Thermostat - Clock/Programmable
Roofs - High Reflectivity
Roofs - Green
Windows - High Efficiency
Retrocommissioning - HVAC
Commissioning - HVAC
Furnace - Convert to Gas
Interior Fluorescent - Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts
Interior Fluorescent - Delamp and Install Reflectors
Interior Fluorescent - Bi-Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor
Interior Fluorescent - High Bay Fixtures
Interior Screw-in - Task Lighting
Central Lighting Controls
Occupancy Sensors
Time Clocks and Timers
LED Exit Lighting
Hotel Guestroom Controls
Retrocommissioning - Lighting
Commissioning - Lighting
Daylighting Controls
Photovoltaic Installation
Cold Cathode Lighting
Induction Lamps
HVAC
Exterior Lighting
Interior Lighting
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 650
Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis
Global Energy Partners, LLC 5-11
An EnerNOC Company
Table 5-4 Summary of Commercial and Industrial Non-equipment Measures
(continued)
Note: Conversion of electric water heaters to gas only modeled for Small/Medium Commercial segment.
End Use Measure Co
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
Ex
i
s
t
i
n
g

B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
Co
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l

Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
Ex
i
s
t
i
n
g

B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
Ne
w

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
Water Heating
Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles
Hot Water Saver
Pipe Insulation
Tank Blanket/Insulation
Thermostat Setback
Convert to Gas
Heat Pump Water Heater
Floating Head Pressure
Insulation - Bare Suction Lines
Demand Defrost
High Efficiency Case Lighting
Evaporator Fan Controls
Anti-Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer
Door Gasket Replacement
Night Covers
Strip Curtain
Vending Machine - Controller
Office Equipment ENERGY STAR Power Supply
Laundry - High Efficiency Clothes Washer
Miscellaneous - Energy Star Water Cooler
Motors - Variable Frequency Drive
Motors - Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives
Compressed Air - System Controls
Compressed Air - System Optimization & Improvements
Compressed Air - System Maintenance
Compressed Air - Compressor Replacement
Fan System - Controls
Fan System - Optimization
Fan System - Maintenance
Pumping System - Controls
Pumping System - Optimization
Pumping System - Maintenance
Pumps - Variable Speed Control
Industrial Process Improvements
Refrigeration - System Controls
Refrigeration - System Maintenance
Refrigeration - System Optimization
Energy Management System
Retrocommissioning - Comprehensive
Advanced New Construction Designs
Commissioning - Comprehensive
Pumps - Variable Speed Control
Custom Measures
Machine Drive
Industrial
Process
Miscellaneous
Multiple End Uses
Refrigeration
Water Heating
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5-12 www.gepllc.com

5.2 MEASURE CHARACTERISTICS
For each measure considered, the Global team developed the following data for input to the
LoadMAP model:
Energy Impacts: The energy-savings impacts represent the annual reduction in consumption
attributable to each specific measure. Savings were developed as a percentage of the energy end
use that the measure affects. This approach takes into account the efficiency of the equipment
that is providing that end use. For example, savings due to increased insulation will be greater if
heating is provided by electric resistance, and lower if heating is provided by a heat pump. For
the residential and commercial sectors, the BEST simulation model was used to determine the
savings impacts. The key advantage of utilizing BEST is that interactive effects between HVAC
measures and other measures such as lighting and building construction are captured and
quantified. In addition, the prototype modeling combines the primary market data with Spokane-
specific Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) weather data to derive savings. For the industrial
sector, secondary data resources such as the EPRI National Potential Study and DEEM were used
to develop assessments of savings at the end-use level.
Peak Demand Impacts: Savings during the peak demand periods are specified for each
measure. These impacts relate to the energy savings and depend on each measure’s
―coincidence‖ with the system peak. To accurately express the peak impacts of the energy
efficiency measures considered, the project used a combined approach of prototype simulation
(BEST model) and Global’s proprietary end-use load shape database, EnergyShape.
Costs: For equipment measures, the measure characterization includes the full cost of
purchasing and installing the equipment on a per-unit or per-square-foot basis for the residential
and C&I sectors, respectively. For non-equipment measures in existing buildings, the cost
likewise represents the full installed cost. For non-equipment measures in new construction, the
approach is slightly different; the costs may be either the full cost of the measure, for example a
programmable thermostat, or as appropriate, it may be the incremental cost of upgrading from a
standard level to a higher efficiency level, such as upgrading from R13 to R26 insulation. These
costs were developed specifically for the Spokane area and drew upon sources including the Sixth
Plan databases.
Measure Lifetimes: These estimates were derived from the technical data and secondary data
sources that support the measure demand and energy savings analysis. Values were obtained
from the Sixth Plan database, DEER database, DEEM, and other secondary sources.
Applicability: This factor is an estimate of the percentage of either dwellings in the residential
sector or square feet in the C&I sectors where it is technically feasible for the specific measure to
be implemented. These figures are based on secondary data sources such as NEEA reports,
California’s DEER database, DEEM, and others.
On Market and Off Market Availability: To account for the fact that some equipment will no
longer be available for sale due to changes in appliance standards, or that some high-efficiency
equipment is expected to enter the market during the study period, the project also developed
on market and off market inputs, expressed as years, for the equipment measures.

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5.2.1 Measure Cost Data Development
Costs for equipment and non-equipment measures include both material and labor costs
associated with the measure’s installation. These costs draw upon national construction cost
averages.
The following references were used to develop the equipment and measure costs:
Sixth Northwest Conservation and Electric Power Plan Conservation Supply Curves workbooks
DEER – California Database for Energy Efficient Resources
RS Means Facilities Maintenance and Repair Cost Data
RS Means Mechanical Construction Costs
RS Means Building Construction Cost Data
USGBC — LEED New Construction & Major Renovation (2008)
RS Means Green Buildings Project Planning & Cost Estimating Second Edition (2008)
Grainger Catalog Volume 398, (2007-2008)
5.2.2 Representative Measure Data Inputs
To provide an example of the measure data, Table 5-5 and Table 5-6 present samples of the
detailed data inputs behind equipment and non-equipment measures, respectively, for the case
of residential central air conditioning in single-family homes. Table 5-5 displays the various
efficiency levels available as equipment measures, as well as the corresponding useful life,
usage, and cost estimates. These values all contribute to the outcome of the stock accounting
model, in which the purchase of an above-standard unit is first analyzed for cost-effectiveness
(comparing incremental cost to lifetime benefits) and then, for the levels that pass the screen,
incorporated into the new units purchased.
Table 5-5 Sample Equipment Measures for Central Air Conditioning — Single Family
Home Segment
Efficiency Level Useful Life Equipment
Cost
Energy
Usage(kWh/yr)
On
Market
Off
Market
SEER 13 15 $3,794 1,619 2009 2014
SEER 14 (ENERGY STAR) 15 $4,072 1,485 2009 2032
SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2) 15 $4,350 1,435 2009 2032
SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3) 15 $4,628 1,393 2009 2032
Ductless Mini-split System 20 $8,193 1,214 2009 2032

Table 5-6 lists the non-equipment measures affecting an existing single-family home’s central air
conditioning electricity use. These measures are also evaluated for cost-effectiveness based on
the lifetime benefits relative to the cost of the measure. The total savings are calculated for each
year of the model and depend on the base year saturation of the measure, the overall
applicability of the measure, and the savings as a percentage of the relevant energy end uses.
Residential central air conditioning provides energy savings, but no demand savings due to
Avista’s existing heating season peak. In addition to the Applicability factor, a Feasibility factor is
applied to account for the feasibility of installing the measure.
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Energy-Efficiency Measure Analysis Avista Conservation Potential Assessment Study
5-14 www.gepllc.com

Table 5-6 Sample Non-Equipment Measures – Single Family Homes, Existing
End
Use Measure
Satura-
tion in
200918
Applica-
bility
Feasi-
bility
Lifetime
(years)
Measure
Installed
Cost
Energy
Savings
(%)
Demand
Savings
(%)
Cooling Central AC — Early
Replacement 0% 80% 10% 15 $2,895 10.0% 0%
Cooling Central AC — Maintenance
and Tune-Up 41% 100% 100% 4 $125 10.0% 0%
Cooling Attic Fan — Installation 11% 50% 45% 18 $116 0.7% 0%
Cooling Attic Fan — Photovoltaic 13% 100% 45% 19 $350 1.4% 0%
Cooling Ceiling Fan 52% 100% 75% 15 $160 11.0% 0%
Cooling Whole-House Fan 7% 25% 75% 18 $200 9.0% 0%
Cooling Insulation — Ducting 15% 100% 75% 18 $500 3.0% 0%
Cooling Repair and Sealing — Ducting 12% 100% 50% 18 $500 10.0% 0%
Cooling Doors — Storm and Thermal 38% 100% 75% 11 $320 1.0% 0%
Cooling Insulation — Infiltration
Control 46% 100% 90% 12 $266 3.0% 0%
Cooling Insulation — Ceiling 68% 90% 80% 20 $594 3.0% 0%
Cooling Insulation — Radiant Barrier 5% 100% 90% 12 $923 5.0% 0%
Cooling Roofs — High Reflectivity 5% 100% 10% 15 $1,550 6.1% 0%
Cooling Windows — Reflective Film 5% 50% 90% 10 $267 7.0% 0%
Cooling Windows — High
Efficiency/ENERGY STAR 83% 100% 90% 25 $7,500 12.0% 0%
Cooling Thermostat —
Clock/Programmable 55% 75% 75% 11 $114 8.0% 0%
Cooling Home Energy Management
System 20% 50% 75% 20 $300 10.0% 0%
Cooling Photovoltaics 0% 80% 60% 15 $17,000 50.0% 0%
Cooling Trees for Shading 10% 90% 75% 20 $40 1.1% 0%

5.2.3 Conversion to Natural Gas
Conversion to natural gas (fuel switching) for both space heating and water heating was
evaluated as a special case. These options were evaluated as non-equipment measures, though
of course, they are in fact equipment changes. Modeling conversion to gas as a non-equipment
measure allowed using the applicability and feasibility factors to better account for customers’
real ability to implement these technologies.
For conversion of water heaters to natural gas, an applicability factor was developed based on
Avista GIS data combined with the market profiles to indicate that approximately 63% of
Washington homes and 57% of Idaho homes with electric water heating are within 500 feet of a
gas main. The feasibility factor of 80% assumes that other factors, such as inability to
accommodate venting, would prevent 20% of customers from making the switch to gas water
heating. For heat pump water heaters, we assumed the technology is applicable to the remaining
customers (100% – (63% * 80%) = 50% in Washington and 54% using a similar calculation for

18 Note that saturation levels reflected for 2009 change over time as more measures are adopted.
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Idaho). However, the feasibility factor is 50% for single family homes because only about half of
these customers have water heating systems with tanks larger than 55 gallons that are suitable
for heat pump water heaters. For the other housing types, the feasibility factors were lower due
to the still lower saturation of larger than 55 gallon water heating systems. Conversion of electric
furnaces to gas was modeled using similar assumptions.
Table 5-7 shows assumptions for water heating non-equipment measures in Washington single-
family homes, including the conversion to gas and heat pump measures discussed above.
Table 5-7 Sample Non-Equipment Water Heating Measures – Single Family Homes,
Existing, Washington
End Use Measure
Satura-
tion in
200919
Applica-
bility
Feasi-
bility
Lifetime
(years)
Measure
Installed
Cost
Energy
Savings
(%)
Demand
Savings
(%)
Water Heating Faucet Aerators 53% 100% 90% 25 $24 3.7% 1.9%
Water Heating Pipe Insulation 17% 100% 38% 13 $180 5.7% 2.9%
Water Heating Low Flow Showerheads 75% 100% 80% 10 $96 17.1% 8.6%
Water Heating Tank Blanket/Insulation 17% 100% 75% 10 $15 9.1% 4.6%
Water Heating Thermostat Setback 17% 100% 75% 5 $40 9.1% 4.6%
Water Heating Timer 17% 100% 40% 10 $194 8.0% 4.0%
Water Heating Hot Water Saver 5% 100% 50% 5 $35 8.8% 4.4%
Water Heating Convert to Gas 0% 63% 80% 15 $3,675 100.0% 100.0%
Water Heating Heat Pump 0% 50% 50% 15 $1,500 30.0% 15.0%

The equipment measure data tables for all energy efficiency measures assessed in this study are
presented in Appendix C for the residential sector and Appendix C for the C&I sectors.
5.3 APPLICATION OF MEASURES FOR TECHNICAL POTENTIAL
Technical potential, as we defined it in Chapter 2, is a theoretical construct that assumes the
highest efficiency measures that are technically feasible to install are adopted by customers,
regardless of cost or customer preferences. Thus, determining the technical potential is relatively
straightforward; LoadMAP uses the energy use associated with the most efficient equipment
options for each end use and technology, as well as the energy savings for all defined non-
equipment measures that apply to that end use and technology, to calculate energy use at the
technical potential level. For example, for residential central air conditioning, as shown in Table
5-5, the most efficient option is a ductless mini-split system. The multiple non-equipment
measures shown in Table 5-7 are then applied to the energy used by the ductless mini-split
system to further reduce CAC energy use. LoadMAP applies the savings due to the non-
equipment measures one-by-one to avoid double counting of savings. The measures are
evaluated in order of their B/C ratio, with the measure with the highest B/C ratio applied first.
Each time a measure is applied, the baseline energy use for the end use is reduced and the
percentage savings for the next measure is applied to the revised (lower) usage.
5.4 APPLICATION OF MEASURES FOR ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
Next, to determine the economic level of efficiency potential, it is necessary to perform an
economic screen on each individual measure. The economic screen applied in this study for non-

19 Note that saturation levels reflected for 2009 change over time as more measures are adopted.

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equipment measures is a total resource cost (TRC) test that compares the lifetime benefits (both
energy and peak demand) of each applicable measure with installed cost (including material,
labor, and administration of a delivery mechanism, such as an energy efficiency program).20 The
lifetime benefits are obtained by multiplying the annual energy and demand savings for each
measure by all appropriate avoided costs for each year, and discounting the dollar savings to the
present value equivalent. Global assigns each measure values for savings, costs, and lifetimes as
part of our measure characterization process. For economic screening of measures, incentives
are not included because they represent a simple transfer from one party to another but have no
effect on the overall measure cost.
The lifetime benefits of each energy efficiency measure depend on the forecast of Avista avoided
costs. Avista provided projected avoided costs for energy and capacity over the study period.
Figure 5-2 shows the avoided energy costs for the residential and C&I segments, which are 2009
real $/MWh and include Avista’s adjustments for risk and the 10% Power Act premium. The
avoided energy costs differ by segment due to the segments’ differing load shapes. Figure 5-2
also shows the avoided capacity costs for Avista’s overall system in 2009 real $/kW.
The LoadMAP model performs the economic screening dynamically, taking into account changing
savings and cost data over time. Thus, some measures pass the economic screen for some —
but not all — of the years in the forecast.
It is important to note the following about the economic screen:
The economic evaluation of every measure in the screen is conducted relative to a baseline
condition. For instance, in order to determine the kilowatt-hour (kWh) savings potential of a
measure, kWh consumption with the measure applied must be compared to the kWh
consumption of a baseline condition.
The economic screening was conducted only for measures that are applicable to each
building type and vintage; thus if a measure is deemed to be irrelevant to a particular
building type and vintage, it is excluded from the respective economic screen table.

20 Note that the TRC test is typically the industry standard for evaluating measure-level cost-effectiveness. There are other test
perspectives that are often considered in energy efficiency potential studies. The Participant test measures the benefits and costs from
the perspective of program participants as a whole. The Ratepayer Impact Measure (RIM) test measures the difference between the
change in total revenues paid to a utility and the change in total costs to a utility resulting from the energy efficiency and demand
response programs. The Utility Cost (UC) test measures the costs and benefits from the perspective of the utility administering the
program. Neither the RIM nor UC tests are typically applied in the context of measure-level economic screens, but rather in the
broader context of energy efficiency programs and initiatives put into place to deliver the energy efficiency measures.
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Figure 5-2 Avoided Costs for Energy and Capacity

5.4.1 Equipment Measures Economic Screening
For equipment measures, LoadMAP evaluates the cost-effectiveness of each measure option,
compared to the efficiency option that immediately precedes it. Continuing with the example of
residential central air conditioning, as shown in Table 5-5, the standard efficiency option in 2010
is SEER 13. LoadMAP calculates the lifetime benefits and costs associated with each of the higher
efficiency options to select the option with the highest net present value.
Table 5-8 shows the results of the economic screen for CAC for selected years, as well as results
for two interior lighting technologies. In 2010, the most cost-effective option is SEER 14, while in
2012, due to rising energy costs, it changes to SEER 15. However, in 2015, due to federal energy
efficiency standards, the SEER 13 unit goes off the market and SEER 14 becomes the standard
efficiency unit. In 2015 and beyond, the economic screen selects the SEER 14 option because the
marginal savings between the standard efficiency SEER 14 unit and the higher-efficiency options
are not sufficient to make the higher-efficiency units economical. The table also shows how the
economic choice for two of the lighting technology options varies over the study period.

$40
$45
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$60
$65
$70
$75
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Table 5-8 Economic Screen Results for Selected Residential Equipment Measures
Technology 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Central AC SEER 13 SEER 14 SEER 14 SEER 14 SEER 14
Interior Lighting Screw-in CFL CFL CFL LED LED
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 T8 T8 Super T8 Super T8

5.4.2 Non-equipment Measures Economic Screening
For non-equipment measures, LoadMAP evaluates the cost-effectiveness of each measure. The
kWh savings are computed as the percent savings from the measure applied to the relevant end-
use energy. If the measure passes the screen (has a B/C ratio greater than or equal to 1.0), the
measure is included in economic potential. Otherwise, it is screened out for that year.
5.5 TOTAL MEASURES EVALUATED
Table 5-9 summarizes the number of equipment and non-equipment measures evaluated for
each sector. In total, the project evaluated 4,332 energy efficiency measures.
Table 5-9 Number of Measures Evaluated
Residential C&I Total Number of
Measures
Equipment Measures Evaluated 1,284 608 1,892
Non-Equipment Measures Evaluated 1,524 916 2,440
Total Measures Evaluated 2,808 1,524 4,332

Appendix C shows the results of the economic screening process by segment, vintage, end use
and measure for the residential sector. Appendix D shows the equivalent information for the
commercial and industrial sectors.

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CHAPTER 6
ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL RESULTS
This chapter presents the results of the energy-efficiency analysis. Before we provide the overall
and sector-level results, we review the four levels of potential developed for this study.
6.1 DEFINITIONS OF POTENTIAL
In this study, we estimated four types of potential: technical; economic; and achievable
potential, which is further divided into maximum achievable, and realistic achievable. Technical
and economic potential are both theoretical limits to efficiency savings. Achievable potential
embodies a set of assumptions about the decisions consumers make regarding the efficiency of
the equipment they purchase, the maintenance activities they undertake, the controls they use
for energy-consuming equipment, and the elements of building construction. Two types of
achievable potential were developed for this study, maximum achievable and realistic achievable,
to bound the range of achievable potential. For details on the types of potentials, see Chapter 2.
As with the baseline forecast, we developed the estimates of energy-efficiency potential using
the LoadMAP model. We present high-level results in the rest of this chapter for the overall
Avista electricity system. Separate results for Washington and Idaho are presented in Appendices
A and B.
6.2 OVERALL ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL
Maximum achievable potential across all sectors is 88,760 MWh (10.1 aMW) in 2012 and
increases to a cumulative value of 2,905,702 MWh (331.7 aMW) by 2032. These savings
represents 1.0% of the baseline forecast in 2012 and 22.6% in 2032. Realistic achievable
potential in 2012 is 50,261 MWh (5.7 aMW) and reaches a cumulative value of 2,155,133 MWh
(246.0 aMW) by 2032, for savings that are 0.6% and 16.8% of the baseline in 2012 and 2032
respectively. Between 2012 and 2032, the baseline forecast shows overall electricity consumption
growth of 46%, but the realistic achievable potential forecast reduces growth by half to 23%.
Technical potential by 2032 is 37.8% of the baseline and economic potential savings are 26.4%
of the baseline, or roughly 70% of technical potential savings. MAP and RAP savings in 2012 are
86% and 64% respectively of the economic potential savings.
Figure 6-1 summarizes the energy-efficiency savings for the four potential levels relative to the
baseline forecast for selected years. Figure 6-2 displays the energy use forecast for the four
potential levels versus the baseline forecast. Table 6-1 presents the energy consumption and
peak demand for the potential levels across sectors.
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Figure 6-1 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, All Sectors

Figure 6-2 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, All Sectors

Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
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14,000,000
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Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
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Table 6-1 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, All Sectors
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 8,799,039 9,463,880 10,417,347 11,536,869 12,851,760
Baseline Peak Demand
(MW) 1,780 1,880 2,080 2,306 2,566
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 50,261 405,985 945,183 1,536,357 2,155,133
Maximum Achievable 88,760 1,035,470 1,952,473 2,476,694 2,905,702
Economic 244,292 1,493,608 2,411,399 2,937,775 3,387,203
Technical 329,513 2,087,061 3,435,475 4,250,217 4,852,362
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.6% 4.3% 9.1% 13.3% 16.8%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.9% 18.7% 21.5% 22.6%
Economic 2.8% 15.8% 23.1% 25.5% 26.4%
Technical 3.7% 22.1% 33.0% 36.8% 37.8%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 14 84 183 306 431
Maximum Achievable 22 207 386 492 566
Economic 60 302 479 580 659
Technical 78 422 669 826 943
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.8% 4.5% 8.8% 13.3% 16.8%
Maximum Achievable 1.2% 11.0% 18.6% 21.3% 22.1%
Economic 3.4% 16.0% 23.0% 25.2% 25.7%
Technical 4.4% 22.4% 32.2% 35.8% 36.8%

Table 6-2 and Figure 6-3 summarize cumulative realistic achievable potential by sector. Initially,
the residential sector accounts for about 52% of the savings, but by the end of the study, the
C&I sector becomes the source of 58% of the savings.
Table 6-2 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Energy-efficiency Potential by Sector, MWh
Segment 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Residential, WA 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029
Residential, ID 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003
C&I, WA 15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619
C&I, ID 8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482
Total 50,261 405,985 945,183 1,536,357 2,155,133

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Figure 6-3 Realistic Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector

Table 6-3 shows the incremental annual realistic achievable potential by sector for 2012 through
2015. During this period, lighting and appliance standards slow the rate of growth in the
residential baseline energy consumption, thus reducing the amount of incremental annual
potential savings from residential conservation programs. On the other hand, C&I potential
continues to grow. Complete annual incremental savings for Washington and Idaho appear in
Appendices A and B respectively.
Table 6-3 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency Potential by
Sector, MWh
Segment 2012 2013 2014 2015
Residential, WA 17,413 17,161 16,488 18,514
Residential, ID 8,692 8,451 7,943 8,569
C&I, WA 15,733 21,165 26,869 30,393
C&I, ID 8,423 10,734 14,543 16,956
Total 50,261 57,511 65,843 74,432

In Figure 6-4, we can see how the annual incremental realistic achievable potential throughout
the study tracks the avoided energy costs, with annual potential generally increasing or
decreasing along with avoided costs. Note however that other factors also influence potential,
particularly the rates at which programs can ramp up over time, which is particularly relevant to
how potential changes from year to year in the early years of the study.
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
C&I, ID
C&I, WA
Residential, ID
Residential, WA
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Figure 6-4 Incremental Annual Realistic Achievable Energy-efficiency (MWh)
vs. Avoided Energy Cost

Note: Avoided costs are 2009 real dollars and include energy costs, risk, and the 10% Power Act premium.

$-
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6.3 RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Realistic achievable potential savings for the residential sector in both states is 26,105 MWh in
2012, or 0.7% of the sector’s baseline forecast. It reaches 897,032 MWh, or 16.0% of the
baseline forecast by 2032. Technical and economic potential savings are 37.7% and 24.5%
respectively. Figure 6-5 depicts the potential savings estimates graphically. Figure 6-6 shows the
energy use forecasts under the four types of potential versus the baseline forecast. Table 6-3
presents estimates for energy and peak demand under the four types of potential.
Figure 6-5 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Residential Sector

Figure 6-6 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Residential Sector

Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
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Baseline
Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
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Table 6-4 Energy Efficiency Potential, Residential Sector
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 3,626,696 3,871,294 4,356,240 4,918,847 5,600,787
Baseline Peak Demand
(MW) 991 1,026 1,150 1,288 1,449
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 26,105 138,450 336,444 604,152 897,032
Maximum Achievable 36,300 429,065 798,829 1,024,671 1,192,794
Economic 104,111 583,427 967,788 1,188,497 1,373,869
Technical 153,100 918,965 1,468,041 1,825,587 2,112,855
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.7% 3.6% 7.7% 12.3% 16.0%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 11.1% 18.3% 20.8% 21.3%
Economic 2.9% 15.1% 22.2% 24.2% 24.5%
Technical 4.2% 23.7% 33.7% 37.1% 37.7%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 10 44 100 179 262
Maximum Achievable 14 120 232 301 343
Economic 38 171 286 349 396
Technical 51 256 407 503 579
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 1.1% 4.3% 8.7% 13.9% 18.1%
Maximum Achievable 1.4% 11.7% 20.2% 23.3% 23.7%
Economic 3.8% 16.7% 24.9% 27.1% 27.3%
Technical 5.1% 24.9% 35.4% 39.0% 40.0%
6.3.1 Residential Potential by Market Segment
Table 6-5 shows the baseline forecast and realistic achievable potential energy savings for the
four residential segments in selected years. Single-family homes in Washington and Idaho
account for 65% and 68% of each state’s residential sector total sales during the base year and
throughout the forecast. Thus, as one would expect, single-family homes account for the largest
share of potential savings. Table 6-6 takes a closer look at savings by segment and potential
level in 2022, the mid-point of the 20-year period.

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Table 6-5 Residential Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh)
Single Family 2,394,930 2,551,956 2,876,301 3,252,564 3,709,958
Multi Family 203,544 222,114 253,265 288,585 330,209
Mobile Home 126,939 133,923 149,975 168,639 191,313
Limited Income 901,283 963,301 1,076,699 1,209,059 1,369,306
Total 3,626,696 3,871,294 4,356,240 4,918,847 5,600,787
Cumulative Energy Savings, Realistic Achievable Potential (MWh)
Single Family 18,783 96,418 240,911 426,483 630,128
Multi Family 1,066 5,833 14,343 28,236 42,801
Mobile Home 985 4,280 7,677 13,381 20,040
Limited Income 5,272 31,920 73,512 136,051 204,063
Total 26,105 138,450 336,444 604,152 897,032
% of Total Residential Cumulative Energy Savings
Single Family 72.0% 69.6% 71.6% 70.6% 70.2%
Multi Family 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 4.7% 4.8%
Mobile Home 3.8% 3.1% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2%
Limited Income 20.2% 23.1% 21.8% 22.5% 22.7%

Table 6-6 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by Housing Type, 2022
Forecast Single
Family Multi Family Mobile Home Limited
Income Total
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 2,876,301 253,265 149,975 1,076,699 4,356,240
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 240,911 14,343 7,677 73,512 336,444
Economic Potential 679,288 46,859 21,400 220,241 967,788
Technical Potential 950,449 77,463 52,154 387,975 1,468,041
Cumulative Energy Savings % of Baseline
Realistic Achievable 8.4% 5.7% 5.1% 6.8% 7.7%
Economic Potential 23.6% 18.5% 14.3% 20.5% 22.2%
Technical Potential 33.0% 30.6% 34.8% 36.0% 33.7%

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6.3.2 Residential Potential by End Use, Technology, and Measure Type
Table 6-7 provides estimates of savings for each end use and type of potential.
Water Heating offers the highest cumulative technical potential over the 20-year period,
which reflects the high potential for conversion to natural gas in homes where gas is
available (see discussion below) and use of heat pump water heaters where gas is not
available, as well as a wide range of other water heating measures. Conversion to natural
gas passes the TRC test throughout the study period for most Washington housing types and
for single family homes in Idaho. In contrast, based on the study’s assumptions of equipment
cost and avoided cost, heat pump water heaters are cost-effective in new single family
homes by 2014, but do not become cost-effective for existing homes until 2024 in Idaho and
2028 in Washington. Water heating also has the highest cumulative realistic achievable
potential.
Space Heating offers the second-highest cumulative technical potential over the study and
its economic potential is slightly higher than water heating, again due to the potential for
conversion to natural gas (see discussion below), but also due to shell measures, controls,
and advanced new construction designs. Based on realistic achievable savings, space heating
also ranks second.
Interior lighting offers the fourth-largest technical potential savings, but the third-largest
economic and realistic achievable potential. The lighting standard begins its phase-in starting
in 2012, which coincides with the availability in the market place of advanced incandescent
lamps that meet the minimum efficacy standard. The baseline forecast assumes that people
will install both advanced incandescent and CFLs in screw-in lighting applications. For
technical potential, LED lamps are the most efficient option, starting in 2012. However, LED
lamps do not pass the economic screen until 2022, when they begin to become cost-effective
for pin-based fixtures. Nonetheless, there is significant economic and realistic achievable
lighting potential due to conversion from advanced incandescents to CFLs.
Appliances rank sixth based on technical potential, but fourth in terms of realistic
achievable potential. This reflects the cost-effectiveness of the highest-efficiency white-goods
appliances for both new construction and for replacing failed units, as well as the market
acceptance of high-efficiency appliances. Removal of second refrigerators and freezers also
contributes to economic and realistic achievable potential within this end use.
Cooling offers the third-highest technical potential, but is sixth based on realistic achievable
potential. Initially technical potential is low but ramps up due to the assumption of increased
saturation of air conditioning over time. Economic potential for cooling in 2031 is about 40%
of technical potential because the higher SEER units do not pass the economic screen based
on based on the study’s assumptions of equipment cost and avoided cost.
Home electronics also offer substantial savings opportunities. Technical potential reflects
the purchase of ENERGY STAR units for all technologies, except PCs and laptops for which a
super-efficient ―climate saver‖ option is available in the marketplace. However, the climate
saver options are not cost-effective during the forecast horizon, so economic potential
reflects the purchase of ENERGY STAR units across all technologies in this end use.

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Table 6-7 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type (MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Cooling
Realistic Achievable 14 2,443 8,588 23,412 44,892
Economic 364 22,925 41,690 60,482 82,185
Technical 4,155 63,885 102,963 147,309 200,588
Space Heating
Realistic Achievable 306 17,366 81,141 187,511 304,466
Economic 9,645 157,044 303,749 401,120 480,554
Technical 13,047 206,921 390,626 523,886 650,322
Heat/Cool
Realistic Achievable 12 872 2,353 6,048 15,539
Economic 447 12,872 15,291 18,697 27,916
Technical 3,334 27,773 47,801 66,829 76,389
Water Heating
Realistic Achievable 636 25,578 102,451 201,179 317,521
Economic 12,121 135,781 297,102 388,156 462,418
Technical 35,027 281,264 527,056 667,224 745,280
Appliances
Realistic Achievable 1,282 12,411 26,859 42,554 59,056
Economic 5,548 61,277 80,081 85,195 91,618
Technical 7,229 78,554 105,335 113,831 120,932
Interior Lighting
Realistic Achievable 18,569 52,269 64,439 74,958 71,445
Economic 55,377 107,842 116,225 106,057 86,182
Technical 64,748 148,015 146,127 136,520 126,690
Exterior Lighting
Realistic Achievable 3,281 10,532 10,777 10,042 8,058
Economic 9,770 21,965 17,611 13,313 9,494
Technical 11,200 28,680 24,906 22,638 22,320
Electronics
Realistic Achievable 1,780 13,544 32,080 45,568 57,382
Economic 8,967 45,853 67,702 76,036 87,323
Technical 12,390 65,526 93,981 106,595 122,734
Miscellaneous
Realistic Achievable 225 3,435 7,756 12,880 18,673
Economic 1,871 17,869 28,336 39,442 46,180
Technical 1,970 18,348 29,247 40,754 47,600
Total
Realistic Achievable 26,105 138,450 336,444 604,152 897,032
Economic 104,111 583,427 967,788 1,188,497 1,373,869
Technical 153,100 918,965 1,468,041 1,825,587 2,112,855

Figure 6-7 focuses on realistic achievable potential by end use in selected years. As discussed
above, by the end of the study period, water heating and space heating are the largest
contributors to realistic achievable potential. In the early years of the study period, lighting
maintains its historic role as the largest contributor to residential sector savings, due to
remaining opportunities for conversion from incandescent lighting (both today’s standard lamps
and the new advanced incandescents) to CFLs. By 2022, however, the percentage of savings due
to lighting is projected to drop off as advanced incandescents become the new baseline.
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Figure 6-7 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years

Table 6-8 shows the savings by end use and market segment in 2022. The segments are similar
in terms of the savings opportunities by end use, but there are a few notable differences. Single-
family homes have more exterior lighting and so have more savings potential for this end use.
Similarly, single-family homes have swimming pools and therefore have more potential for
savings in pool pumps, which are included in miscellaneous loads. Water heating is a higher
proportion of potential savings in multi-family homes, mobile homes, and limited income homes,
reflecting the smaller home sizes and thus diminished savings potential for space conditioning
and appliances, compared to single family homes.
Table 6-8 Residential Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022 (MWh)
Single Family Multi Family Mobile
Home
Limited
Income Total
Cooling 4,975 258 129 3,226 8,588
Space heating 63,291 3,985 908 12,957 81,141
Heat/cool 2,138 12 88 114 2,353
Water heating 65,162 6,257 1,293 29,739 102,451
Appliances 19,090 529 950 6,290 26,859
Interior lighting 45,467 2,415 2,203 14,354 64,439
Exterior lighting 8,875 127 480 1,295 10,777
Electronics 25,054 754 1,302 4,970 32,080
Miscellaneous 6,860 6 324 566 7,756
Total 240,911 14,343 7,677 73,512 336,444

As described in Chapter 5, using our LoadMAP model, we develop separate estimates of potential for
equipment and non-equipment measures. Table 6-9 presents results for equipment at the technology
level, for which realistic chievable potential is greater than zero.

-200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cumulative Savings (MWh)
Cooling
Space heating
Heat/cool
Water heating
Appliances
Int. lighting
Ext. lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
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Table 6-9 Residential Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and
Equipment Measures, Selected Years (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022
Cooling Central AC - 152 167
Heat/Cool Air Source Ht. Pump - - -
Water Heating Water Heater 140 1,047 1,096
Appliances
Clothes Washer 83 1,014 2,552
Clothes Dryer 103 708 1,299
Dishwasher 115 1,074 2,621
Refrigerator 438 1,999 4,064
Freezer 333 1,651 3,592
Second Refrigerator 154 747 1,424
Stove 22 165 371
Interior Lighting
Screw-in 17,292 42,771 48,939
Linear Fluorescent 173 1,906 3,576
Pin-based 1,102 7,398 11,079
Exterior Lighting Screw-in 3,256 10,404 10,606
High Intensity/Flood 25 128 171
Electronics Personal Computers 1,148 9,279 15,975
TVs 620 3,260 6,039
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 171 1,581 3,896
Furnace Fan 45 560 1,668
Total 25,220 85,845 119,135

Conversion of electric water heaters and electric furnaces to natural gas was modeled
as a special case within the measure analysis to allow consideration of feasibility (e.g., homes
too far from a natural gas line), as well as to allow the option of a heat pump water heater for
homes where conversion to gas is not feasible. Table 6-10 shows the residential sector
achievable savings from converting electric furnaces and water heaters to natural gas.
Conversion ramps up slowly, but because it completely removes use of electricity from two of the
largest ends uses, it accounts for a substantial portion of savings by 2032: For water heating,
about one-fourth of the savings from conversion to gas occurs in new construction. For furnaces,
the fraction due to new construction is roughly one-third.
Table 6-10 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings from Conversion to Natural Gas
(MWh)
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Water heater —convert to gas
Realistic achievable potential (MWh) 267 10,214 69,745 145,049 216,351
Water heater –convert to gas
(% of Res. Achievable potential) 0.5% 2.5% 7.4% 9.4% 10.0%
Furnace — convert to gas
Realistic achievable potential (MWh) 244 7,803 49,719 106,607 171,095
Furnace — convert to gas (% of Res.
Achievable potential) 0.5% 1.9% 5.3% 6.9% 7.9%

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Table 6-11 presents savings results for non-equipment measures for which realistic achievable
potential is greater than zero, sorted by cumulative potential in 2032. Note that because a
measure such as insulation provides both space cooling and space heating savings, Table 6-11
does not break down savings by end use.
Table 6-11 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures
(MWh), Selected Years
Measure 2012 2017 2022
Water Heater - Convert to Gas 267 10,214 69,745
Furnace - Convert to Gas 244 7,803 49,719
Advanced New Construction Designs 1 180 4,206
Repair and Sealing - Ducting 20 2,713 7,763
Insulation - Infiltration Control 20 2,731 7,696
Water Heater - Thermostat Setback 142 8,150 13,721
Home Energy Management System 7 1,175 4,146
Water Heater - Hot Water Saver 6 426 5,447
Freezer - Remove Second Unit 22 3,246 6,959
Electronics - Reduce Standby Wattage 13 1,004 10,066
Thermostat - Clock/Programmable 21 2,859 7,907
Insulation - Foundation 1 438 1,979
Air Source Heat Pump - Maintenance 12 872 2,353
Refrigerator - Remove Second Unit 13 1,807 3,977
Water Heater - Faucet Aerators 12 978 2,341
Insulation - Ducting 1 195 1,024
Insulation - Wall Cavity 1 275 1,234
Water Heater - Tank Blanket/Insulation 49 2,596 4,051
Ceiling Fan - Installation 0 87 743
Room AC - Removal of Second Unit 6 919 2,280
Water Heater - Heat Pump - 23 793
Water Heater - Timer 8 1,152 2,477
Insulation - Ceiling 2 400 1,201
Water Heater - Low Flow Showerheads 9 887 1,762
Central AC - Maintenance and Tune-Up - - -
Pool - Pump Timer 8 1,294 2,192
Insulation - Wall Sheathing 0 50 230
Water Heater - Pipe Insulation 2 105 1,018
Whole-House Fan - Installation 0 27 278
Total 885 52,605 217,309

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Looking at both the equipment (Table 6-9) and non-equipment measure results (Table 6-11), we
see that initially nearly all of the savings come from the equipment measures, particularly
lighting, but over time an increasing proportion of the savings come from conversion of water
heating and space heating to natural gas. At the study mid-point in 2022, the four measures with
the greatest realistic achievable poential are:
Water heater conversion to gas (69,745 MWh)
Furnace conversion to gas (49,719 MWh)
Replacement of interior screw in lamps (48,939 MWh)
Replacement of personal computers with ENERGY STAR units (15,975 MWh)
These four measures provide realistic achievable potential of 184,378 MWh in 2022, which is
approximately 55% of the total 2022 potential for the residential sector.
6.4 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR POTENTIAL
Realistic achievable potential savings for the C&I sector in both states is 24,155 MWh in 2012, or
0.5% of the sector’s baseline forecast. It reaches 1,258,101 MWh, or 17.4% of the baseline
forecast by 2032. Technical and economic potential savings are 37.8% and 27.8% of the
baseline forecast respectively. Figure 6-8 depicts the potential savings estimates graphically.
Figure 6-9 shows the energy use forecasts under the four types of potential versus the baseline
forecast. Table 6-12 presents estimates for the sector’s energy and peak demand under the four
types of potential.
Figure 6-8 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Commercial and Industrial Sector

Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y

S
a
v
i
n
g
s

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o
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B
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Figure 6-9 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Commercial and Industrial Sector

Table 6-12 Energy Efficiency Potential, Commercial and Industrial Sector
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 5,172,344 5,592,586 6,061,107 6,618,022 7,250,973
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic Achievable 24,155 267,535 608,739 932,205 1,258,101
Maximum Achievable 52,460 606,406 1,153,644 1,452,022 1,712,907
Economic 140,180 910,181 1,443,612 1,749,278 2,013,333
Technical 176,414 1,168,096 1,967,434 2,424,630 2,739,507
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 4.8% 10.0% 14.1% 17.4%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.8% 19.0% 21.9% 23.6%
Economic 2.7% 16.3% 23.8% 26.4% 27.8%
Technical 3.4% 20.9% 32.5% 36.6% 37.8%
Peak Savings (MW)
Realistic Achievable 4 40 84 127 169
Maximum Achievable 8 88 154 191 223
Economic 22 130 193 231 263
Technical 27 166 262 324 364
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 4.7% 9.0% 12.4% 15.1%
Maximum Achievable 1.0% 10.3% 16.6% 18.8% 20.0%
Economic 2.7% 15.3% 20.8% 22.7% 23.6%
Technical 3.4% 19.4% 28.2% 31.8% 32.6%

-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
En
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C
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(
M
W
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)
Baseline
Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic
Technical
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6.4.1 Commercial Potential by Market Segment and State
Table 6-13 shows the baseline forecast and realistic achievable potential energy savings for the
four C&I segments. Large Commercial customers account for the largest portion of the baseline
forecast and thus also have the largest realistic achievable potential. In 2012 the Large
Commercial segment’s realistic achievable potential is 14,754 MWh or 61.1% of C&I total realistic
achievable potential. By 2032 its share of C&I potential has dropped slightly to 50.8%. In
contrast, the Extra Large Industrial customers increase their role in savings over the study
period, beginning with only 1,673 MWh of realistic achievable potential or 6.9% of total C&I
potential in 2012, but growing by 2032 to cumulative realistic achievable savings of 285,178
MWh or 22.7% of the C&I sector savings. Table 6-14 takes a closer look at savings by segment
and potential level in 2022, the mid-point of the 20-year period.
Table 6-13 C&I Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh)
Small/Med. Commercial 730,499 772,442 832,324 906,807 992,374
Large Commercial 2,266,380 2,403,446 2,592,110 2,822,788 3,088,354
Extra Large Commercial 347,860 421,489 457,725 497,943 541,389
Extra Large Industrial 1,827,605 1,995,209 2,178,948 2,390,485 2,628,857
Total 5,172,344 5,592,586 6,061,107 6,618,022 7,250,973
Cumulative Energy Savings, Realistic Achievable Potential (MWh)
Small/Med. Commercial 4,513 46,375 96,231 144,812 197,619
Large Commercial 14,754 164,668 338,450 491,020 638,562
Extra Large Commercial 3,216 33,198 69,605 105,163 136,743
Extra Large Industrial 1,673 23,294 104,453 191,210 285,178
Total 24,155 267,535 608,739 932,205 1,258,101
% of Total C&I Cumulative Energy Savings
Small/Med. Commercial 18.7% 17.3% 15.8% 15.5% 15.7%
Large Commercial 61.1% 61.6% 55.6% 52.7% 50.8%
Extra Large Commercial 13.3% 12.4% 11.4% 11.3% 10.9%
Extra Large Industrial 6.9% 8.7% 17.2% 20.5% 22.7%

Table 6-14 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment, 2022
Forecast Small/Med.
Commercial
Large
Commercial
Extra Large
Commercial
Extra Large
Industrial Total
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 832,324 2,592,110 457,725 2,178,948 6,061,107
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)
Realistic achievable 96,231 338,450 69,605 104,453 608,739
Economic Potential 193,950 646,644 144,275 458,743 1,443,612
Technical Potential 308,119 951,283 184,560 523,472 1,967,434
Cumulative Energy Savings % of Baseline
Realistic achievable 12% 13% 15% 5% 10%
Economic Potential 23% 25% 32% 21% 24%
Technical Potential 37% 37% 40% 24% 32%
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6.4.2 C&I Potential by End Use, Technology, and Measure Type
Table 6-15 presents the C&I sector savings by end use and potential type. Recall that the
Small/Medium Commercial and Large Commercial Segments include a small percentage of
industrial-type customers. Hence, we included a non-equipment measure called Industrial
Process Improvements to capture potential savings from these customers. In addition, the
miscellaneous category includes non-HVAC motors to capture motor use within small industrial
facilities. For all C&I customers, a custom measure category was included to serve as a ―catch
all‖ for measures for which costs and savings are not easily quantified and that could be part of a
program such as Avista’s existing Site-Specific incentive program. In terms of how potential is
divided among the various end uses, we note the following:
Interior lighting offers the largest technical, economic, and achievable potential. The high
technical potential of 892,840 MWh in 2032 is a result of LED lighting that is now commercially
available in screw-in and linear lighting applications, as well as numerous fixture improvement
and control options. However, LED lighting is not cost effective given the study’s avoided cost
assumptions, so economic potential reflects installation of CFL, T5, and Super T8 lamps
throughout most of the commercial sector. Still, this results in realistic achievable potential of
598,564 MWh by 2032.
Cooling has the third highest savings for technical potential at 302,301 MWh in 2032, and
many of the cooling measures are cost effective, including installation of high-efficiency
equipment, thermal shell measures, HVAC control strategies, and retrocommissioning.
Because the market for cooling technologies is mature, these savings are relatively easy to
capture, as reflected in the ramp rates for these measures. Thus realistic achievable potential
for cooling, at 119,700 MWh, is the second highest among C&I end uses.
Ventilation is second in terms of technical and economic potential due to conversion to variable
air volume systems, high-efficiency and variable speed control fans, and retrocommissioning.
Realistic achievable potential in 2032 of 117,020 MWh ranks this end use third, just behind
cooling.
Machine drive ranks fourth in realistic achievable potential at 101,018 MWh in 2032. Even
though the National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) standards make premium
efficiency motors the baseline efficiency level, savings remain available from upgrading to still
more efficient levels.
Office equipment, exterior lighting, and industrial process improvements offer smaller
but still significant realistic achievable potential by 2032 at 73,152 MWh, 68,467 MWh, and
60,759 MWh respectively.
Commercial refrigeration, food preparation, and water heating savings are relatively
small across the C&I sector as a whole, though these end uses can offer significant savings in
supermarkets, restaurants, hospitals, and other buildings where these end use constitute a larger
portion of overall energy use.

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Table 6-15 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Selected Years,
(MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Cooling
RAP 205 14,595 50,416 82,103 119,700
Economic 2,848 51,234 108,395 146,209 191,484
Technical 7,425 96,886 200,488 252,951 302,301
Space Heating
RAP 17 2,185 11,476 22,223 36,932
Economic 346 11,546 31,407 45,917 66,710
Technical 571 18,000 51,975 71,620 94,893
Heat/Cool
RAP 47 3,765 6,874 8,352 10,413
Economic 541 8,928 11,319 13,415 15,092
Technical 743 10,317 13,864 16,814 18,949
Ventilation
RAP 457 7,102 35,467 69,845 117,020
Economic 7,544 56,221 144,530 201,459 237,313
Technical 10,719 82,071 220,464 294,789 323,008
Water Heating
RAP 205 6,315 13,969 20,663 27,581
Economic 1,907 19,044 27,780 34,762 36,791
Technical 13,251 96,031 174,865 249,540 274,478
Food Preparation
RAP 213 2,665 7,608 14,695 22,009
Economic 2,824 17,789 32,528 39,188 42,755
Technical 3,215 19,520 35,976 43,195 47,322
Refrigeration
RAP 185 1,877 6,192 11,901 17,567
Economic 2,768 13,518 25,844 33,360 37,422
Technical 3,273 17,982 40,008 51,933 58,855
Interior Lighting
RAP 17,619 166,503 328,877 477,040 598,564
Economic 78,200 461,679 609,517 700,595 803,195
Technical 85,734 504,965 681,379 784,870 892,840
Exterior Lighting
Achievable 1,634 23,519 46,019 57,477 68,467
Economic 7,096 67,172 78,193 81,864 86,650
Technical 7,893 73,413 87,263 98,652 110,984
Office Equipment
RAP 2,642 27,112 44,602 58,637 73,152
Economic 19,053 86,895 91,341 95,389 99,348
Technical 25,452 119,267 126,773 134,377 142,248
Machine Drive
RAP 581 9,104 42,030 72,656 101,018
Economic 6,560 57,477 158,387 196,285 214,864
Technical 6,994 67,404 204,459 258,683 286,647
Process
RAP 345 2,590 14,014 33,699 60,759
Economic 10,390 57,275 120,473 154,151 172,559
Technical 10,390 57,275 120,473 154,151 172,559
Miscellaneous
RAP 7 204 1,194 2,914 4,921
Economic 103 1,403 3,897 6,684 9,150
Technical 753 4,964 9,446 13,056 14,423
Total
RAP 24,154 267,494 608,739 932,221 1,258,104
Economic 140,121 909,897 1,443,612 1,749,309 2,013,338
Technical 175,565 1,165,177 1,967,434 2,424,763 2,739,528

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Figure 6-10 focuses on achievable potential by end use in selected years. Interior lighting
remains the largest source of potential in the C&I sector throughout the study. Cooling,
ventilation, and machine drive are the next largest contributors as discussed above.
Figure 6-10 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years

Table 6-16 shows the savings by end use and C&I market segment in 2022. As one would
expect, the Extra Large Industrial segment differs significantly from the other segments. Machine
drive and process improvements constitute 40% and 13% of realistic achievable potential for this
segment. Note that the three commercial building segments, which are based on Avista’s rate
structure, do include a small percentage of industrial businesses. For these customers, the
miscellaneous savings end-use includes non-HVAC motors.
Table 6-16 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022
(MWh)
Small/Med.
Commercial
Large
Commercial
Extra Large
Commercial
Extra Large
Industrial Total
Cooling 3,823 26,225 5,151 15,217 50,416
Space Heating 778 6,727 1,521 2,450 11,476
Combined
Heating/Cooling 572 5,264 583 455 6,874
Ventilation 8,757 5,663 5,627 15,420 35,467
Water Heating 2,190 5,825 5,954 - 13,969
Food Preparation 1,238 5,563 807 - 7,608
Refrigeration 1,313 4,383 496 - 6,192
Interior Lighting 58,481 218,078 38,555 13,764 328,877
Exterior Lighting 10,719 27,639 6,557 1,103 46,019
Office Equipment 8,011 32,404 4,187 - 44,602
Machine Drive - - - 42,030 42,030
Process - - - 14,014 14,014
Miscellaneous 349 678 168 - 1,194
Total 96,231 338,450 69,605 104,453 608,739
-200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat/cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Cumulative Savings(MWh)
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Table 6-17 presents realistic achievable potential savings for equipment measures for which
realistic achievable potential is greater than zero. These results provide additional detail at the
technology level. For example, within interior lighting, screw-in lamps initial provide the greatest
share of savings, but the EISA standards move the baseline in that category to a higher
efficiency level. Consequently, in the long run, fluorescent lamps offer the greatest savings
potential.
Table 6-17 C&I Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment
Measures, Selected Years (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022
Cooling Central Chiller 81 855 3,288
PTAC 6 6 6
Heat/Cool Heat Pump 21 391 1,172
Ventilation Ventilation 140 1,047 1,096
Water Heater Water Heater 174 2,019 4,463
Food Preparation
Fryer 13 147 392
Hot Food Container 13 275 763
Oven 187 2,203 5,881
Refrigeration
Glass Door Display 32 434 1,248
Icemaker 25 324 961
Solid Door Refrigerator 43 497 1,331
Vending Machine 83 455 1,111
Walk in Refrigeration 2 26 63
Interior Lighting
Interior Screw-in 10,283 66,690 101,556
HID 2,837 25,587 50,762
Linear Fluorescent 4,319 53,111 104,450
Exterior Lighting
Screw-in 230 3,155 5,265
HID 1,267 16,135 31,807
Linear Fluorescent 124 2,230 3,784
Office Equipment
Desktop Computer 1,546 14,363 22,986
Laptop Computer 111 1,031 1,649
Monitor 317 1,139 1,970
POS Terminal 37 514 939
Printer/copier/fax 110 1,626 2,988
Server 511 7,235 11,670
Machine Drive
Less than 5 HP 34 236 663
5-24 HP 73 532 1,536
25-99 HP 183 1,325 3,825
100-249 HP 51 373 1,077
250-499 HP 55 397 1,145
500 and more HP 103 748 2,160
Process
Electrochem. Process 49 358 1,869
Process Cooling/Refrig. 65 479 2,500
Process Heating 231 1,707 8,907
Miscellaneous Non-HVAC Motor 6 95 520
Total 23,654 212,346 405,630

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Table 6-18 presents savings results for non-equipment measures for which realistic achievable
potential is greater than zero, sorted by cumulative potential in 2032. Note that, because a
measure such as insulation provides both space cooling and space heating savings, Table 6-18
does not break down savings by end use.
Table 6-18 C&I Cumulative Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures,
Selected Years (MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022
Energy Management System 39 2,372 25,108
Advanced New Construction Designs 1 106 1,626
Retrocommissioning - Lighting 57 11,775 21,760
Interior Fluorescent - High Bay Fixtures 21 1,262 13,307
Custom Measures 4 829 11,321
Retrocommissioning - Comprehensive 41 8,649 15,523
Fans - Variable Speed Control 12 553 5,368
RTU - Maintenance 63 7,964 14,458
Fans - Energy Efficient Motors 10 651 6,782
Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts 0 61 535
Retrocommissioning - HVAC 5 580 5,758
Pumping System - Optimization 11 507 4,907
Compressed Air - System Optimization and Improvements 11 506 4,837
Interior Lighting - Occupancy Sensors 19 726 5,616
Motors - Variable Frequency Drive 18 2,220 4,618
Motors - Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives 8 367 3,707
Water Heater - Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles 27 3,964 8,101
Interior Fluorescent - Delamp and Install Reflectors 18 728 5,429
Commissioning - Comprehensive 0 368 2,614
Compressed Air - System Controls 7 355 3,457
Chiller - Turbocor Compressor 4 276 3,008
Heat Pump - Maintenance 26 3,374 5,702
Roofs - High Reflectivity 2 54 426
Pumps - Variable Speed Control 5 250 2,395
Chiller - Condenser Water Temperature Reset 7 419 3,987
Chiller - VSD 3 208 2,116
Compressed Air - Compressor Replacement 4 203 1,982
Pumping System - Controls 4 202 1,942
Thermostat - Clock/Programmable 5 762 1,499
Exterior Lighting - Daylighting Controls 4 161 1,309
Commissioning - Lighting 0 248 842
Office Equipment - Energy Star Power Supply 9 1,205 2,400
Compressed Air - System Maintenance 13 717 1,198
Insulation - Ducting 1 145 1,221
Chiller - Chilled Water Reset 4 645 1,142

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Measure 2012 2017 2022
Water Heater - Heat Pump 1 69 870
Cooking - Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control 1 14 127
Pumping System - Maintenance - 43 606
Furnace - Convert to Gas 2 80 527
Cooling - Economizer Installation 3 125 1,138
Exterior Lighting - Induction Lamps 0 29 430
Refrigeration - System Optimization 0 24 388
Insulation - Ceiling 0 2 29
Refrigeration - System Controls 0 17 272
Industrial Process Improvements 0 28 332
LED Exit Lighting 25 932 1,028
Insulation - Wall Cavity 0 12 177
Commissioning - HVAC - - 20
Water Heater - Tank Blanket/Insulation 4 255 449
Miscellaneous - Energy Star Water Cooler 0 59 173
Refrigeration - Floating Head Pressure 0 10 105
Refrigeration - Strip Curtain - 1 34
Refrigeration - System Maintenance 0 5 78
Refrigeration - Anti-Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer 0 8 81
Water Heater - Hot Water Saver - - 4
Water Heater - High Efficiency Circulation Pump 0 8 83
Vending Machine - Controller 0 39 66
Chiller - Chilled Water Variable-Flow System 0 6 51
Exterior Lighting - Cold Cathode Lighting 0 2 24
Laundry - High Efficiency Clothes Washer 0 9 16
Refrigeration - Night Covers 0 1 9
Total 501 55,189 203,109

By the mid-point of the study period, 2022, the greatest savings come from:
Replacement of interior lamps (linear fluorescent, screw in, and HID systems: 42,202 MWh)
Replacement of office equipment with more efficient units (101,556 MWh)
Replacement of exterior lamps (40,855 GWh)
Installation of Energy Management Systems (25,108 MWh)
Retrocommissioning of lighting systems (21,760 MWh)
Together, these five measures account for 285,137 MWh or 47% of the realistic achievable
potential savings in the commercial sector in 2022.

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6.5 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Global conducted two sets of sensitivity analyses to better understand the effects of changing
assumptions on conservation potential. The first looked at changes in avoided costs, and the
second considered lower rates of customer and economic growth in Avista’s service territory.
Because these sensitivity analyses were conducted using an interim, earlier set of potential
results, the potential levels in the discussion below are slightly lower than the potential levels
presented elsewhere in this chapter. For example, the 2032 realistic achievable cumulative
potential in 2032 shown above is 2,155,133 MWh, but the value in the sensitivity analyses is
2,106,548 MWh or 2% less. However, the project team agreed that the general results of the
sensitivity analyses would be essentially unchanged, and therefore the sensitivity analyses based
on interim results are presented here.
6.5.1 Sensitivity of Potential to Avoided Cost
Global modeled several scenarios with varying levels of avoided costs in addition to the base
case. The other scenarios included 150%, 125%, and 75% of the avoided costs used in the base
case. Figure 6-11 illustrates how realistic achievable potential varies under the four scenarios.
The dotted line in Figure 6-11 indicates the technical potential, which is not affected by avoided
costs. The four other lines illustrate how economic potential changes over time with avoided
costs. While the changes are significant, the relationship between avoided cost and achievable
potential is not linear and increases in avoided costs do not provide equivalent percentage
increases in economic potential, and therefore in achievable potential also. Technical potential
imposes a limit on the amount of additional conservation and each incremental unit of
conservation becomes increasingly expensive.
Figure 6-11 Energy Savings, Economic Potential Case by Avoided Costs Scenario (MWh)

Table 6-19 provides additional information on how avoided cost changes affect realistic
achievable potential. In the reference case, realistic achievable potential is approximately 16.4%
of the baseline forecast by 2032. With the 150% avoided cost case, realistic achievable potential
increased to 19.2% of the baseline forecast, while the 125% avoided cost case and the 75%
avoided cost case yielded realistic achievable potential equal to 18.1% and 13.2% of the
baseline forecast respectively.
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Table 6-19 Realistic Achievable Potential with Varying Avoided Costs
Reference
Scenario
75% of
avoided costs
125% of
avoided costs
150% of
avoided costs
Realistic achievable potential savings
2032 (MWh) 2,106,584 1,690,671 2,320,926 2,464,465
Realistic achievable potential,
percentage of baseline forecast, 2032 16.4% 13.2% 18.1% 19.2%
Percentage change in savings vs.
100% avoided cost scenario -20% 10% 17%
Note: Value of 2,106,548 MWh for 2032 realistic achievable potential was based on interim results and thus
is different from the value shown elsewhere in this report.
The project developed a series of supply curves based on the four avoided cost scenarios, shown
in Figure 6-12. Each supply curve is created by stacking measures and equipment over the 20-
year planning horizon in ascending order of cost. As expected, this stacking of conservation
resources produces a traditional upward-sloping supply curve. Because there is a gap in the cost
of the energy efficiency measures as you move up the supply curve, the measures with a very
high cost cause a rapid sloping of the supply curve. The 75% of avoided cost scenario provides
roughly a 13% reduction in energy use compared with the baseline forecast in 2032, at a cost of
$0.05/kWh or less. The other three scenarios track one another closely, providing just over 15%
savings in 2032 at costs below $0.05/kWh. Results do not differ greatly until the curves begin to
reach the increasingly high-cost measures.
Figure 6-12 Supply Curves for Evaluated EE Measures and Avoided Cost Scenarios

6.5.2 Sensitivity of Potential to Customer and Economic Growth
This conservation potential assessment shows that conservation offsets roughly half of growth in
electrical energy use for the Avista system, whereas the Sixth Plan projects that conservation can
offset 80% of growth. Of course, Avista’s service territory differs from the region overall in many
ways, including its climate. Another significant factor may be the CPA study’s assumptions
regarding customer and economic growth. To better understand how growth affects the study’s
results, we used the LoadMAP model to evaluate several scenarios with lower customer and
$0.00
$0.05
$0.10
$0.15
$0.20
$0.25
0%5%10%15%20%
Co
s
t

p
e
r

k
W
h

s
a
v
e
d
% Reduction from Baseline in 2032
100% avoided costs scenario 75% avoided costs scenario
125% avoided costs scenario 150% avoided costs scenario
∆ Portfolio average cost for each scenario
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economic growth, as indicated in Table 6-20. Low Growth Scenario 1 assumes that home size (in
square footage) grows 1% per year but is then capped at 110% of home size in the base year.
This scenario also assumes lower rates of income growth, as shown in Table 6-20. The Low
Growth Scenario 2 uses the same assumptions but in addition assumes lower customer growth in
terms of total households for the residential sector and total square footage for the C&I sector.
Table 6-20 Varying Growth Scenario Descriptions
Reference
Scenario
Low Growth
Scenario 1
Low Growth
Scenario 2
Home size ~ 1% per year growth Capped at 110% of
existing home size
Capped at 110% of existing
home size
Per capita income growth
1.6% 2011–2015;
2.2% 2016–2020;
2.1% thereafter
1.6% after 2016 1.6% after 2016
Residential sector market
growth
1.30% after 2015 (WA)
1.25% after 2015 (ID) no change 1.0% after 2015 (WA & ID)
Commercial sector
market growth, WA & ID
~ 2.0% (varies by
segment) no change 1.0% all segments

Table 6-21 shows that as economic and customer growth decreases, the ability of conservation
to offset growth increases. In the reference scenario, energy efficiency offsets 52% of growth in
consumption, while in the lower growth scenarios, EE offsets 54% and 76% of growth
respectively. This is the case because with reduced new construction, load growth and realistic
achievable potential drop, but savings due to the retrofit of existing buildings constitute a greater
proportion of load growth.
Table 6-21 Varying Growth Scenario Results
Reference
Scenario
Low Growth
Scenario 1
Low Growth
Scenario 2
Baseline forecast 2012 (MWh) 8,799,039 8,799,039 8,799,033
Baseline forecast 2032 (MWh) 12,851,760 12,523,843 11,178,008
Load growth 2012-2032 (MWh) 4,052,720 3,724,803 2,378,975
Realistic achievable potential forecast
2032 (MWh) 10,745,176 10,500,088 9,366,471
Realistic achievable potential savings 2032
(MWh) 2,106,584 2,023,754 1,811,538
Percentage of growth offset 52% 54% 76%
Note: Value of 2,106,548 MWh for 2032 realistic achievable potential was based on an interim results
reference case and thus is different from the value shown elsewhere in this report. The general effects
would be the same with the revised reference case.

6.6 PUMPING POTENTIAL
Table 6-22 displays the 2009 electricity sales and peak demand of Avista’s pumping customers.
These customers include mostly municipal water systems and some irrigation customers. The
pumping accounts represent 2.2% of total electricity sales and 0.8% of peak demand. (Total in
this case refers to the rate classes listed in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2: residential, commercial,
industrial, and pumping). Because pumping represents a relatively small percentage of Avista’s
total sales, the project team decided to use the NWPCC Sixth Plan calculator to estimate
pumping energy efficiency potential.
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Table 6-22 Pumping Rate Classes, Electricity Sales and Peak Demand 2009
Sector
Rate
Schedule(s)
Number of meters
(customers)
2009 Electricity
sales (MWh)
Peak demand
(MW)
Pumping, Washington 031, 032 2,361 135,999 10
Pumping, Idaho 031, 032 1,312 58,885 4
Pumping, Total 3,673 194,884 14
Percentage of System Total 2.2% 0.8%

The Sixth Plan Calculator estimates agricultural conservation targets based on 2007 sales. It
provides annual conservation targets through 2019. Therefore, we trended the data through
2022 to provide annual savings estimates for the ten-year period 2012–2022, with the results
shown in Figure 6-13. Table 6-23 displays incremental annual savings potential for 2012–2015,
while Table 6-24 provides cumulative potential for selected years.
Figure 6-13 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential

Table 6-23 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Incremental Annual Potential, Selected
Years (MWh)
Segment 2012 2013 2014 2015
Pumping, Washington 1,567 1,484 1,402 1,835
Pumping, Idaho 690 654 618 809
Pumping, Total 2,257 2,138 2,020 2,643

-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
An
n
u
a
l

S
a
v
i
n
g
s

(
M
W
h
)
Pumping Annual Potential,
Idaho
Pumping Annual Potential,
Washington
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Table 6-24 Sixth Plan Calculator Agriculture Cumulative Potential, Selected Years
(MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022
Pumping, Washington 1,567 9,979 18,892
Pumping, Idaho 690 4,397 8,324
Pumping, Total 2,257 14,375 27,217

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ABOUT GLOBAL
Global Energy Partners is a premier provider of energy and
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Global’s offerings range from strategic planning to turn-key
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AVISTA CONSERVATION
POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT
APPENDICES
Final Report — Electricity Potentials
August 19, 2011
J. Borstein, Project Manager
I. Rohmund, Director

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This report was prepared by
Global Energy Partners
An EnerNOC Company
500 Ygnacio Valley Blvd., Suite 450
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Principal Investigator(s):
I. Rohmund
J. Borstein
A. Duer
B. Kester
J. Prijyanonda
S. Yoshida

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CONTENTS
A WASHINGTON MARKET PROFILES, BASELINE FORECAST, AND POTENTIAL
RESULTS .................................................................................................... A-1 
B IDAHO MARKET PROFILES, BASELINE FORECAST, AND POTENTIAL
RESULTS .................................................................................................... B-1 
C RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA .. C-1 
D COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA .. D-1 
E REFERENCES .............................................................................................. E-1 
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure A–1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use, Washington ........................................ A-11 
Figure A-2 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use, Washington .................................... A-11 
Figure A-3 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Washington ............................................. A-12 
Figure A-4 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Washington, All Sectors .............. A-13 
Figure A-5 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, Washington, All Sectors ............................. A-13 
Figure A-6 Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector, Washington ....................................... A-15 
Figure A-7 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Washington ................................ A-15 
Figure A-8 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Washington ............................... A-15 
Figure A–9 Residential Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Washington ............. A-19 
Figure A-10 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, C&I Sector, Washington ................................ A-22 
Figure A-11 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, C&I Sector, Washington .............................. A-22 
Figure A-12 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Washington ........................ A-26 
Figure B–1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use, Idaho ................................................. B-11 
Figure B–2 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use, Idaho ............................................ B-11 
Figure B–3 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Idaho ...................................................... B-12 
Figure B–4 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Idaho, All Sectors ...................... B-13 
Figure B–5 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, Idaho, All Sectors ...................................... B-13 
Figure B–6 Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector, Idaho ............................................... B-15 
Figure B–7 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Idaho ......................................... B-15 
Figure B–8 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Idaho ........................................ B-15 
Figure B–9 Residential Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Idaho ...................... B-19 
Figure B–10 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, C&I Sector, Idaho ........................................ B-22 
Figure B–11 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, C&I Sector, Idaho ....................................... B-22 
Figure B-12 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Idaho ................................ B-26 

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LIST OF TABLES
Table A–1 Electricity Sales and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Washington 2009 ....................... A-1 
Table A-2 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment, Washington 2009............... A-1 
Table A-3  Single Family Market Profile, 2009, Washington .................................................... A-2 
Table A-4  Multi-family Market Profile, 2009, Washington ...................................................... A-3 
Table A-5  Mobile Home Market Profile, 2009, Washington .................................................... A-4 
Table A-6  Limited Income Market Profile, 2009, Washington ................................................. A-5 
Table A-7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009 .................... A-6 
Table A-8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009 ................... A-7 
Table A-9 Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009 ............................... A-8 
Table A-10 Extra Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009 ....................... A-9 
Table A-11 Extra Large Industrial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009 ........................ A-10 
Table A-12 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Washington ............................................. A-12 
Table A-13 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, Washington, All Sectors ......................... A-14 
Table A-14 Achievable Cumulative EE Potential by Sector, Washington (MWh) ....................... A-14 
Table A-15 Energy Efficiency Potential for the Residential Sector, Washington ........................ A-16 
Table A-16 Residential Baseline & Achievable Potential by Segment, Washington ................... A-17 
Table A-17 Residential Potential by Housing Type, 2022, Washington .................................... A-17 
Table A-18 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Washington (MWh)A-18 
Table A-19 Residential Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022, WA (MWh) .............. A-19 
Table A-20 Residential Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures,
Washington, Selected Years (MWh) ................................................................... A-20 
Table A-21 Residential Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures, Washington (MWh) . A-21 
Table A-22 Energy Efficiency Potential, C&I Sector, Washington ........................................... A-23 
Table A-23 C&I Sector, Baseline and Achievable Potential by Segment, Washington ............... A-24 
Table A-24 C&I Potential by Segment, Washington, 2022 ..................................................... A-24 
Table A-25 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Washington (MWh) ......... A-25 
Table A-26 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022, Washington (MWh)A-26 
Table A-27 C&I Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures, Washington
(MWh) ............................................................................................................ A-27 
Table A-28 C&I Cumulative Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures, Washington (MWh)A-28 
Table B–1 Electricity Use and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Idaho 2009 .................................. B-1 
Table B–2 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment, Idaho 2009 ....................... B-1 
Table B–3 Single Family Market Profile, 2009, Idaho ............................................................. B-2 
Table B–4 Multi-family Market Profile, 2009, Idaho ............................................................... B-3 
Table B–5  Mobile Home Market Profile, 2009, Idaho ............................................................. B-4 
Table B–6 Limited Income Market Profile, 2009, Idaho ......................................................... B-5 
Table B–7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009 ............................ B-6 
Table B–8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009 ............................ B-7 
Table B–9 Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009 ........................................ B-8 
Table B–10 Extra Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009 ................................ B-9 
Table B–11 Extra Large Industrial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009 ................................. B-10 
Table B-12 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Idaho ...................................................... B-12 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 698
Table B–13 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, Idaho, All Sectors .................................. B-14 
Table B–14 Achievable Cumulative EE Potential by Sector, Idaho (MWh) ................................ B-14 
Table B–15 Energy Efficiency Potential for the Residential Sector, Idaho ................................ B-16 
Table B-16 Residential Baseline & Achievable Potential by Segment, Idaho ............................ B-17 
Table B-17 Residential Potential by Housing Type, 2022, Idaho ............................................ B-17 
Table A-18 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Oregon (MWh) ..... B-18 
Table B-19 Residential Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022, WA (MWh) .............. B-19 
Table B–20 Residential Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures,
Oregon, Selected Years (MWh) .......................................................................... B-20 
Table B–21 Residential Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures, Idaho (MWh) .......... B-21 
Table B–22 Energy Efficiency Potential, C&I Sector, Idaho .................................................... B-23 
Table B–23 C&I Sector, Baseline and Achievable Potential by Segment, Idaho ........................ B-24 
Table B–24 C&I Potential by Segment, Idaho, 2022 .............................................................. B-24 
Table B-25 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Idaho (MWh) ................. B-25 
Table B-26 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use Market Segment, 2022, Idaho (MWh) ........... B-26 
Table B-27 C&I Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures, Washington
(MWh) ............................................................................................................ B-27 
Table B-28 C&I Cumulative Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures, Idaho (MWh) ... B-28 
Table C–1 Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions ............................... C-2 
Table C-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Single Family, Existing Vintage....................... C-9 
Table C-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage ...................... C-11 
Table C-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage ..................... C-13 
Table C-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage ................. C-15 
Table C-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data —Single Family, New Vintage .......................... C-17 
Table C-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, New Vintage ........................... C-19 
Table C-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage ......................... C-21 
Table C-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, New Vintage ...................... C-23 
Table C-10 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data—Single Family, Existing Vintage .......................... C-25 
Table C-11 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage ......................... C-26 
Table C-12 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage ........................ C-27 
Table C-13 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage .................... C-28 
Table C-14 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Single Family, New Vintage ............................ C-29 
Table C-15 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, New Vintage .............................. C-30 
Table C-16 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage ............................. C-31 
Table C-17 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, New Vintage ......................... C-32 
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions ........ D-2 
Table D-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Comm., Existing Vintage ........ D-16 
Table D-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage .............. D-18 
Table D-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, Existing Vintage ..... D-20 
Table D-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage ........ D-22 
Table D-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Commercial, New Vintage ...... D-24 
Table D-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage .................. D-26 
Table D-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage .......... D-28 
Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage ............. D-30 
Table D-10 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Med. Comm., Existing Vintage ............... D-32 
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Table D-11 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage ................. D-33 
Table D-12 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Comm., Existing Vintage ............... D-34 
Table D-13 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage ........... D-35 
Table D-14 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Medium Comm., New Vintage ................ D-36 
Table D-15 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage...................... D-37 
Table D-16 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage ............. D-38 
Table D-17 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage ................ D-39 

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APPENDIX A
WASHINGTON MARKET PROFILES, BASELINE FORECAST, AND POTENTIAL
RESULTS
This appendix contains Washington-specific tables that summarize the study assumptions, inputs,
and results for Avista’s Washington service territory only. These tables either repeat Washington-
specific information provided previously within the body of the report, or provide Washington-
specific information that corresponds to Avista system-level information in the report.
Table A–1 Electricity Sales and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Washington 2009
Sector 
Rate 
Schedule(s) 
Number of meters 
(customers) 
2009 Electricity 
sales (MWh) 
Peak demand 
(MW) 
Residential 001 200,134 2,451,687 710
General Service 011, 012 27,142 415,935 64
Large General Service 021, 022 3,352 1,556,929 232
Extra Large General Service 025 22 879,233 134
Pumping 031, 032 2,361 135,999 10
Total   233,011 5,439,850 1,150

Table A-2 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment, Washington 2009
Washington  
Segment 
Intensity   
(kWh/Household) 
Number of  
Customers 
% of 
Customers 
2009 Electricity 
Sales (MWh) % of Sales 
Single Family 14,547 109,134 54% 1,587,572 65% 
Multi‐Family 8,728 18,219 9% 159,019 6% 
Mobile Home 13,092 5,248 3% 68,708 3% 
Limited Income 9,424 67,533 34% 636,407 26% 
Total 12,250 200,134 100% 2,451,707 100% 
Note: Minor differences with totals in Table A-1 due to calibration.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 701
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A-2 www.gepllc.com

Table A-3 Single Family Market Profile, 2009, Washington

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 36.8% 1,857            684                  75               73.4% 2,154          1,581            16%
Cooling Room AC 10.8% 683                74                     8                 1.4% 793             11                  16%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 18.4% 6,091            1,122               122            15.0% 7,066          1,063            16%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.7% 3,655            26                     3                 0.8% 4,239          32                  16%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 6.2% 10,449          647                  71               3.0% 12,539       373                20%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 25.0% 8,360            2,088               228            25.0% 10,031       2,505            20%
Space Heating Supplemental 6.1% 117                7                       1                 6.1% 140             9                    20%
Water Heating Water Heater 55.3% 3,466            1,918               209            43.7% 4,177          1,827            21%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 1,452            1,452               158            100.0% 1,452          1,452            0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 152                105                  11               69.2% 152             105                0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 60                  60                     7                 100.0% 60                60                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 86.7% 381                330                  36               86.7% 381             330                0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 1.9% 146                3                       0                 1.9% 146             3                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 98.0% 126                124                  13               99.8% 154             154                22%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 92.8% 609                565                  62               89.0% 692             616                14%
Appliances Dishwasher 93.9% 246                231                  25               99.9% 271             271                11%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 793                793                  87               100.0% 625             625                 ‐21%
Appliances Freezer 69.4% 773                536                  58               69.4% 708             491                 ‐8%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 47.3% 816                386                  42               20.5% 711             146                 ‐13%
Appliances Stove 82.1% 383                314                  34               82.1% 465             382                22%
Appliances Microwave 98.5% 168                166                  18               98.5% 173             171                3%
Electronics Personal Computers 140.0% 279                391                  43               147.0% 287             422                3%
Electronics TVs 260.0% 359                933                  102            260.0% 400             1,041            12%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 60                  60                     7                 100.0% 67                67                  10%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 13.3% 1,500            200                  22               14.0% 1,526          214                2%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 30.1% 500                151                  16               30.1% 614             185                23%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 1,180            1,180               129            100.0% 1,416          1,416            20%
14,547            1,588         15,549          
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 702
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Global Energy Partners, LLC A-3
Table A-4 Multi-family Market Profile, 2009, Washington

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 5.0% 928                46                     1                 24.1% 1,003          241                8%
Cooling Room AC 25.0% 355                89                     2                 18.9% 384             73                  8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 1.0% 2,928            29                     1                 3.4% 3,163          108                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 1,757            ‐                    ‐             0.5% 1,898          9                    8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 59.0% 5,476            3,231               59               59.0% 6,023          3,554            10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 5.0% 4,381            219                  4                 5.0% 4,819          241                10%
Space Heating Supplemental 18.0% 61                  11                     0                 18.9% 67                13                  10%
Water Heating Water Heater 77.0% 2,142            1,650               30               71.3% 2,362          1,684            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 750                750                  14               100.0% 750             750                0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 32.0% 76                  24                     0                 32.0% 76                24                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 3.0% 75                  2                       0                 3.0% 75                2                    0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 38.5% 55                  21                     0                 38.5% 55                21                  0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 0.2% 73                  0                       0                 0.2% 73                0                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 32.0% 63                  20                     0                 32.0% 70                22                  11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 30.7% 582                179                  3                 30.7% 621             191                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 64.0% 88                  56                     1                 64.0% 93                59                  5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 677                677                  12               100.0% 665             665                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 8.4% 734                62                     1                 8.4% 703             59                   ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 5.0% 687                34                     1                 5.0% 631             32                   ‐8%
Appliances Stove 96.4% 163                158                  3                 96.4% 181             175                11%
Appliances Microwave 90.0% 99                  89                     2                 90.0% 101             91                  1%
Electronics Personal Computers 63.0% 223                141                  3                 66.2% 226             150                1%
Electronics TVs 165.0% 178                293                  5                 165.0% 188             310                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 25                  25                     0                 100.0% 26                26                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 0.0%‐                 ‐                    ‐             0.0%‐              ‐                0%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 13.0% 38                  5                       0                 13.0% 42                5                    11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 917                917                  17               100.0% 963             963                5%
8,728               159            9,468            
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
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A-4 www.gepllc.com

Table A-5 Mobile Home Market Profile, 2009, Washington

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 23.2% 1,106            256                  1                 35.9% 1,194          428                8%
Cooling Room AC 23.2% 407                94                     0                 22.0% 439             97                  8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 21.7% 3,488            759                  4                 22.8% 3,767          860                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 2,093            ‐                    ‐             0.0% 2,260          ‐                8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 0.0% 5,888            ‐                    ‐             0.0% 6,476          ‐                10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 68.1% 4,710            3,209               17               68.1% 5,181          3,530            10%
Space Heating Supplemental 1.4% 34                  0                       0                 1.5% 37                1                    10%
Water Heating Water Heater 96.3% 1,766            1,702               9                 91.0% 1,947          1,771            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 1,307            1,307               7                 100.0% 1,307          1,307            0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 137                95                     0                 69.2% 137             95                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 54                  54                     0                 100.0% 54                54                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 86.7% 343                297                  2                 86.7% 343             297                0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 1.9% 131                2                       0                 1.9% 131             2                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 96.3% 128                124                  1                 96.3% 142             137                11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 98.8% 620                612                  3                 98.8% 662             653                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 89.0% 250                222                  1                 89.0% 263             234                5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 806                806                  4                 100.0% 792             792                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 59.3% 786                466                  2                 59.3% 753             446                 ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 19.5% 830                162                  1                 19.5% 762             149                 ‐8%
Appliances Stove 93.9% 344                323                  2                 93.9% 381             358                11%
Appliances Microwave 82.0% 151                124                  1                 82.0% 154             126                2%
Electronics Personal Computers 116.5% 262                305                  2                 122.3% 265             324                1%
Electronics TVs 260.0% 359                933                  5                 260.0% 380             987                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 60                  60                     0                 100.0% 64                64                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 11.1% 1,500            167                  1                 11.7% 1,513          177                1%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 8.3% 500                42                     0                 8.3% 557             47                  11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 971                971                  5                 100.0% 1,020          1,020            5%
13,092            69               13,955          
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 704
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners, LLC A-5
Table A-6 Limited Income Market Profile, 2009, Washington

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 22.2% 1,049            233                  16               28.7% 1,133          325                8%
Cooling Room AC 35.4% 712                252                  17               18.0% 769             138                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 10.4% 2,372            247                  17               10.4% 2,561          267                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 1,423            ‐                    ‐             0.5% 1,537          8                    8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 32.0% 5,164            1,651               112            28.8% 5,680          1,635            10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 19.3% 4,123            796                  54               21.2% 4,536          963                10%
Space Heating Supplemental 12.7% 63                  8                       1                 13.4% 69                9                    10%
Water Heating Water Heater 83.9% 2,334            1,958               132            67.0% 2,574          1,725            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 728                728                  49               100.0% 728             728                0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 75                  52                     3                 69.2% 75                52                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 59                  59                     4                 100.0% 59                59                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 47.1% 106                50                     3                 47.1% 106             50                  0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 2.7% 84                  2                       0                 2.7% 84                2                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 71.3% 55                  39                     3                 71.3% 61                43                  11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 68.6% 652                447                  30               68.6% 696             477                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 78.5% 72                  56                     4                 78.5% 75                59                  5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 677                677                  46               100.0% 665             665                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 63.4% 734                466                  31               63.4% 703             446                 ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 23.4% 687                161                  11               23.4% 631             148                 ‐8%
Appliances Stove 89.7% 196                176                  12               89.7% 217             195                11%
Appliances Microwave 92.6% 109                101                  7                 92.6% 111             102                1%
Electronics Personal Computers 101.4% 230                233                  16               106.5% 233             248                1%
Electronics TVs 165.0% 204                337                  23               165.0% 216             356                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 30                  30                     2                 105.0% 32                33                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 5.8% 617                36                     2                 5.8% 622             36                  1%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 25.2% 213                54                     4                 25.2% 238             60                  11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 575                575                  39               100.0% 604             604                5%
9,424               636            9,434            
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 705
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A-6 www.gepllc.com

Table A-7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Washington 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment 
and Typical Building 
Electricity 
sales (MWh) 
Intensity 
(kWh/sq.ft.) 
General Service  011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial —Retail 415,935 17.5
Large General Service  021, 022 Large Commercial —Office 1,556,929 16.7
Extra Large General 
Service Commercial  
025C Extra Large Commercial —University 265,686 13.9
Extra Large General 
Service Industrial  
025I Extra Large Industrial 613,615 40.0
Total     2,852,165 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 706
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Global Energy Partners, LLC A-7
Table A-8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 13.8% 2.39               0.33                 8                 13.8% 2.15            0.30               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 63.1% 2.46               1.55                 37               63.1% 2.22            1.40               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 3.3% 2.44               0.08                 2                 3.3% 2.20            0.07               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 3.6% 6.19               0.22                 5                 3.6% 5.57            0.20               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.9% 6.72               0.39                 9                 5.9% 6.72            0.39              0%
Space Heating Furnace 17.7% 7.05               1.25                 30               17.7% 6.34            1.13               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 76.9% 2.09               1.61                 38               76.9% 1.88            1.45               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 1.00               1.00                 24               100.0% 0.90            0.90               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.68               0.68                 16               100.0% 0.61            0.61               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 3.37               3.37                 80               100.0% 3.03            3.03               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 82.6% 0.20               0.16                 4                 82.6% 0.18            0.15               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 82.6% 0.76               0.63                 15               82.6% 0.68            0.56               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 82.6% 0.16               0.13                 3                 82.6% 0.14            0.12               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 63.0% 2.00               1.26                 30               63.0% 1.90            1.19              ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 25.8% 0.16               0.04                 1                 25.8% 0.16            0.04              0%
Food Preparation Oven 25.8% 0.98               0.25                 6                 25.8% 0.98            0.25              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 25.8% 0.06               0.01                 0                 25.8% 0.06            0.01              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 25.8% 0.31               0.08                 2                 25.8% 0.31            0.08              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 25.8% 0.01               0.00                 0                 25.8% 0.01            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 0.0%‐                 ‐                    ‐             0.0%‐              ‐                
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 52.4% 0.45               0.23                 6                 52.4% 0.40            0.21               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 52.4% 0.50               0.26                 6                 52.4% 0.45            0.24               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 52.4% 0.04               0.02                 1                 52.4% 0.04            0.02               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 52.4% 0.30               0.16                 4                 52.4% 0.30            0.16              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 52.4% 0.34               0.18                 4                 52.4% 0.34            0.18              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 99.9% 0.48               0.48                 11               99.9% 0.48            0.48              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 99.9% 0.06               0.06                 1                 99.9% 0.06            0.06              0%
Office Equipment Server 99.9% 0.36               0.36                 9                 99.9% 0.36            0.36              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 99.9% 0.25               0.25                 6                 99.9% 0.25            0.25              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 99.9% 0.24               0.24                 6                 99.9% 0.24            0.24              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 99.9% 0.27               0.27                 7                 99.9% 0.27            0.27              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 40.2% 1.22               0.49                 12               40.2% 1.22            0.49              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 1.43               1.43                 34               100.0% 1.43            1.43              0%
17.50             416          16.3            
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 707
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-8 www.gepllc.com

Table A-9 Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 24.7% 2.15               0.53                 49               24.7% 1.93            0.48               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 37.8% 2.52               0.95                 89               37.8% 2.26            0.86               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 3.8% 2.49               0.09                 9                 3.8% 2.24            0.08               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 9.1% 4.81               0.44                 41               9.1% 4.33            0.40               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.9% 3.62               0.21                 20               5.9% 3.62            0.21              0%
Space Heating Furnace 12.7% 4.68               0.60                 55               12.7% 4.21            0.54               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 75.1% 1.66               1.24                 116            75.1% 1.49            1.12               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 0.94               0.94                 88               100.0% 0.85            0.85               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.71               0.71                 66               100.0% 0.64            0.64               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 3.29               3.29                 307            100.0% 2.96            2.96               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 89.6% 0.11               0.10                 9                 89.6% 0.10            0.09               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 89.6% 0.62               0.56                 52               89.6% 0.56            0.50               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 89.6% 0.16               0.14                 13               89.6% 0.14            0.13               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 54.2% 2.31               1.25                 117            54.2% 2.20            1.19              ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 18.4% 0.35               0.06                 6                 18.4% 0.35            0.06              0%
Food Preparation Oven 18.4% 1.88               0.35                 32               18.4% 1.88            0.35              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 18.4% 0.19               0.03                 3                 18.4% 0.19            0.03              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 18.4% 0.27               0.05                 5                 18.4% 0.27            0.05              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 18.4% 0.02               0.00                 0                 18.4% 0.02            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 39.1% 0.48               0.19                 17               39.1% 0.43            0.17               ‐10%
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 39.1% 0.37               0.14                 13               39.1% 0.33            0.13               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 39.1% 0.77               0.30                 28               39.1% 0.69            0.27               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 39.1% 0.27               0.10                 10               39.1% 0.24            0.09               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 39.1% 0.36               0.14                 13               39.1% 0.36            0.14              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 39.1% 0.66               0.26                 24               39.1% 0.66            0.26              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 98.4% 0.90               0.88                 82               98.4% 0.90            0.88              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 98.4% 0.07               0.07                 6                 98.4% 0.07            0.07              0%
Office Equipment Server 98.4% 0.42               0.41                 38               98.4% 0.42            0.41              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 98.4% 0.21               0.20                 19               98.4% 0.21            0.20              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 98.4% 0.21               0.21                 19               98.4% 0.21            0.21              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 98.4% 0.07               0.07                 6                 98.4% 0.07            0.07              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 57.7% 1.40               0.81                 75               57.7% 1.40            0.81              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 1.36               1.36                 127            100.0% 1.36            1.36              0%
16.70               1,557         15.6              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 708
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners, LLC A-9
Table A-10 Extra Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 52.2% 2.13               1.11                 21               52.2% 1.92            1.00               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 24.7% 2.22               0.55                 10               24.7% 2.00            0.49               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 0.0% 2.22               ‐                    ‐             0.0% 2.00            ‐                 ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 4.4% 5.23               0.23                 4                 4.4% 4.70            0.21               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 15.8% 4.39               0.69                 13               15.8% 4.39            0.69              0%
Space Heating Furnace 5.6% 5.67               0.32                 6                 5.6% 5.11            0.29               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 90.2% 1.94               1.75                 33               90.2% 1.74            1.57               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 1.37               1.37                 26               100.0% 1.23            1.23               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.29               0.29                 6                 100.0% 0.26            0.26               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 2.19               2.19                 42               100.0% 1.97            1.97               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 96.3% 0.03               0.03                 1                 96.3% 0.03            0.03               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 96.3% 0.88               0.85                 16               96.3% 0.79            0.76               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 96.3% 0.04               0.03                 1                 96.3% 0.03            0.03               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 26.3% 3.72               0.98                 19               26.3% 3.53            0.93               ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 13.8% 0.13               0.02                 0                 13.8% 0.13            0.02              0%
Food Preparation Oven 13.8% 2.12               0.29                 6                 13.8% 2.12            0.29              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 13.8% 0.08               0.01                 0                 13.8% 0.08            0.01              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 13.8% 0.13               0.02                 0                 13.8% 0.13            0.02              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 13.8% 0.01               0.00                 0                 13.8% 0.01            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 26.6% 0.19               0.05                 1                 26.6% 0.17            0.04               ‐10%
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 26.6% 0.11               0.03                 1                 26.6% 0.10            0.03               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 26.6% 0.71               0.19                 4                 26.6% 0.64            0.17               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 26.6% 0.50               0.13                 3                 26.6% 0.45            0.12               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 26.6% 0.38               0.10                 2                 26.6% 0.38            0.10              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 26.6% 0.31               0.08                 2                 26.6% 0.31            0.08              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 100.0% 0.64               0.64                 12               100.0% 0.64            0.64              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 100.0% 0.07               0.07                 1                 100.0% 0.07            0.07              0%
Office Equipment Server 100.0% 0.17               0.17                 3                 100.0% 0.17            0.17              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 100.0% 0.13               0.13                 2                 100.0% 0.13            0.13              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 100.0% 0.05               0.05                 1                 100.0% 0.05            0.05              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 100.0% 0.01               0.01                 0                 100.0% 0.01            0.01              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 88.8% 0.82               0.73                 14               88.8% 0.82            0.73              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 0.80               0.80                 15               100.0% 0.80            0.80              0%
13.90               266            12.9              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 709
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-10 www.gepllc.com

Table A-11 Extra Large Industrial Segment Market Profile, Washington, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 14.4% 7.98               1.15                 18               14.4% 7.18            1.04               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 17.1% 6.32               1.08                 17               17.1% 5.68            0.97               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 1.1% 5.50               0.06                 1                 1.1% 4.95            0.05               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 1.6% 11.13            0.18                 3                 1.6% 10.01          0.16               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 10.8% 8.67               0.93                 14               10.8% 8.67            0.93              0%
Space Heating Furnace 2.0% 9.10               0.18                 3                 2.0% 8.19            0.17               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 27.4% 12.31            3.37                 52               27.4% 11.08          3.04               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 0.33               0.33                 5                 100.0% 0.30            0.30               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 1.05               1.05                 16               100.0% 0.94            0.94               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 1.10               1.10                 17               100.0% 0.99            0.99               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 92.5% 0.02               0.02                 0                 92.5% 0.02            0.02               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 92.5% 0.25               0.23                 4                 92.5% 0.23            0.21               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 92.5% 0.01               0.01                 0                 92.5% 0.01            0.01               ‐10%
Process Process Cooling/Refrigeration 2.4% 99.67            2.40                 37               2.4% 99.67          2.40              0%
Process Process Heating 26.2% 13.74            3.60                 55               26.2% 13.74          3.60              0%
Process Electrochemical Process 2.6% 77.43            2.00                 31               2.6% 77.43          2.00              0%
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP 90.5% 0.92               0.84                 13               90.5% 0.92            0.84              0%
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP 80.1% 2.26               1.81                 28               80.1% 2.26            1.81              0%
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP 72.4% 6.10               4.42                 68               72.4% 6.10            4.42              0%
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP 65.3% 3.84               2.51                 38               65.3% 3.84            2.51              0%
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP 23.7% 11.61            2.75                 42               23.7% 11.61          2.75              0%
Machine Drive 500 and more HP 26.1% 19.50            5.08                 78               26.1% 19.50          5.08              0%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 4.90               4.90                 75               100.0% 4.90            4.90              0%
40.00               614            39.1              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 710
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-11
An EnerNOC Company

Figure A–1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use, Washington

Figure A-2 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use, Washington

‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
4,000,000 
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Water Heating
Appliances
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
4,000,000 
4,500,000 
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 711
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-12 www.gepllc.com

Table A-12 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Washington
End Use 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
% Change 
('09–'32) 
Avg. Growth 
Rate 
('09–'32) 
Res. WA 2,451,707 2,448,104 2,617,630 2,947,427 3,329,882 3,792,486 54.7%1.9%
C&I WA 2,852,165 2,955,156 3,209,083 3,509,816 3,869,176 4,280,649 50.1%1.8%
Total 5,303,872 5,403,260 5,826,712 6,457,243 7,199,059 8,073,136 52.2%1.8%

Figure A-3 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Washington

‐
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
6,000,000 
7,000,000 
8,000,000 
9,000,000 
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Residential ‐WA C&I ‐WA
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 712
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-13
An EnerNOC Company
Figure A-4 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Washington, All Sectors

Figure A-5 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, Washington, All Sectors

Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y
 Sa
v
i
n
g
s
 ( % of
 Ba
s
e
l
i
n
e
 Fo
r
e
c
a
s
t
)
‐
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
6,000,000 
7,000,000 
8,000,000 
9,000,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 713
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-14 www.gepllc.com

Table A-13 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, Washington, All Sectors
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast 
(MWh) 5,403,260 5,826,712 6,457,243 7,199,059 8,073,136 
Baseline Peak 
Demand(MW) 1,170 1,236 1,374 1,531 1,713 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)    
Realistic Achievable 33,146 267,962 616,991 1,007,301 1,411,648 
Maximum Achievable 57,434 679,603 1,258,467 1,598,673 1,869,605 
Economic 156,759 956,924 1,517,670 1,853,199 2,143,779 
Technical 212,980 1,349,814 2,191,746 2,718,118 3,118,733 
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.6% 4.6% 9.6% 14.0% 17.5% 
Maximum Achievable 1.1% 11.7% 19.5% 22.2% 23.2% 
Economic 2.9% 16.4% 23.5% 25.7% 26.6% 
Technical 3.9% 23.2% 33.9% 37.8% 38.6% 
Peak Savings (MW)    
Realistic Achievable 10 57 126 212 298 
Maximum Achievable 15 142 266 339 388 
Economic 41 204 325 394 447 
Technical 53 289 457 565 645 
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.8% 4.6% 9.2% 13.8% 17.4% 
Maximum Achievable 1.3% 11.5% 19.3% 22.1% 22.6% 
Economic 3.5% 16.5% 23.7% 25.8% 26.1% 
Technical 4.6% 23.4% 33.3% 36.9% 37.6% 
Table A-14 Achievable Cumulative EE Potential by Sector, Washington (MWh)
Segment 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Residential, WA 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029
C&I, WA 15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619
Total 33,146 267,962 616,991 1,007,301 1,411,648
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 714
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-15
An EnerNOC Company
Figure A-6 Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector, Washington

Figure A-7 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Washington

Figure A-8 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Washington
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
C&I, WA
Residential, WASa
v
i
n
g
s
 (M
W
h
)
Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
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 of
 Ba
s
e
l
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 Fo
r
e
c
a
s
t
)
‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
4,000,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 715
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-16 www.gepllc.com

Table A-15 Energy Efficiency Potential for the Residential Sector, Washington
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 2,448,104 2,617,630 2,947,427 3,329,882 3,792,486 
Baseline Peak Demand 
(MW) 710 736 825 925 1,041 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)    
Realistic achievable 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029 
Maximum achievable 24,459 298,135 567,960 730,774 843,186 
Economic 70,743 404,323 687,451 847,003 970,769 
Technical 103,446 626,769 1,005,455 1,250,538 1,446,982 
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.7% 3.6% 8.1% 13.0% 16.8% 
Maximum achievable 1.0% 11.4% 19.3% 21.9% 22.2% 
Economic 2.9% 15.4% 23.3% 25.4% 25.6% 
Technical 4.2%23.9% 34.1% 37.6% 38.2%
Peak Savings (MW)    
Realistic Achievable 7 32 74 133 193 
Maximum achievable 10 87 171 222 251 
Economic 27 124 211 258 290 
Technical 37 187 298 368 422 
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 1.0% 4.3% 9.0% 14.4% 18.5% 
Maximum achievable 1.4% 11.9% 20.7% 24.0% 24.1% 
Economic 3.9% 16.8% 25.5% 27.9% 27.8% 
Technical 5.2% 25.4% 36.1% 39.8% 40.5% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 716
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table A-16 Residential Baseline & Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment, WA
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh)    
Single Family 1,585,536 1,691,161 1,906,692 2,156,609 2,459,834 
Multi Family 160,305 175,186 199,898 227,929 260,943 
Mobile Home 68,448 72,476 81,311 91,591 104,051 
Limited Income 633,816 678,807 759,527 853,753 967,658 
Total 2,448,104 2,617,630 2,947,427 3,329,882 3,792,486 
Energy Savings, Realistic Achievable Potential (MWh)    
Single Family 12,388 64,350 164,414 291,057 426,412
Multi Family 830 4,691 12,243 24,346 36,864
Mobile Home 520 2,283 4,274 7,827 11,714
Limited Income 3,674 23,204 57,808 108,744 162,039
Total 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029
% of Total Residential Energy Savings 
Single Family 71.1% 68.1% 68.9% 67.4% 66.9% 
Multi Family 4.8% 5.0% 5.1% 5.6% 5.8% 
Mobile Home 3.0% 2.4% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 
Limited Income 21.1% 24.5% 24.2% 25.2% 25.4% 
Table A-17 Residential Potential by Housing Type, 2022, Washington
Forecast Single 
Family 
Multi 
Family 
Mobile 
Home 
Limited 
Income Total 
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 1,906,692 199,898 81,311 759,527 2,947,427 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh) 
Realistic Achievable 164,414 12,243 4,274 57,808 238,739 
Maximum Achievable 386,645 31,832 9,576 139,906 567,960 
Economic Potential  463,459 39,746 11,955 172,291 687,451 
Technical Potential 639,003 61,512 28,913 276,028 1,005,455 
Energy Savings % of Baseline 
Realistic Achievable 8.6% 6.1% 5.3% 7.6% 8.1% 
Maximum Achievable 20.3% 15.9% 11.8% 18.4% 19.3% 
Economic Potential  24.3% 19.9% 14.7% 22.7% 23.3% 
Technical Potential 33.5% 30.8% 35.6% 36.3% 34.1% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 717
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-18 www.gepllc.com

Table A-18 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type,
Washington (MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Cooling 
Realistic Achievable 9 1,659 5,876 15,615 29,687 
Economic 246 15,452 28,210 40,243 54,276 
Technical 2,766 42,662 68,576 97,845 132,886 
Space Heating 
Realistic Achievable 216 12,242 57,209 132,448 215,198 
Economic 6,791 110,158 213,315 282,271 338,227 
Technical 9,175 144,853 273,139 365,838 453,464 
Heat/Cool 
Realistic Achievable  9 595 1,581 4,130 10,179 
Economic 311 8,778 10,272 12,770 18,457 
Technical 2,278 18,977 32,657 45,591 52,056 
Water Heating 
Realistic Achievable 469 18,949 78,476 154,418 239,950 
Economic 9,253 101,513 227,153 297,020 348,485 
Technical 24,475 195,999 366,992 463,545 517,698 
Appliances 
Realistic Achievable 848 8,195 17,794 28,160 39,054 
Economic 3,663 40,418 53,006 56,444 60,723 
Technical 4,768 51,790 69,442 75,057 79,777 
Interior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 12,389 34,835 44,682 52,336 47,795 
Economic 36,945 71,839 81,146 74,030 56,992 
Technical 43,188 98,598 97,421 91,087 84,570 
Exterior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable  2,156 6,922 7,102 6,615 5,305 
Economic 6,420 14,434 11,588 8,760 6,252 
Technical 7,353 18,822 16,360 14,884 14,685 
Electronics 
Realistic Achievable 1,173 8,913 21,007 29,939 37,810 
Economic 5,909 30,195 44,462 50,005 57,525 
Technical 8,171 43,205 61,954 70,337 81,054 
Miscellaneous 
Realistic Achievable 145 2,218 5,012 8,312 12,051 
Economic 1,205 11,535 18,300 25,461 29,833 
Technical 1,273 11,864 18,916 26,354 30,793 
Total 
Realistic Achievable 17,413 94,529 238,739 431,973 637,029 
Economic 70,743 404,323 687,451 847,003 970,769 
Technical 103,446 626,769 1,005,455 1,250,538 1,446,982 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 718
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-19
An EnerNOC Company
Figure A–9 Residential Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Washington

Table A-19 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment,
2022, WA (MWh)
 Single Family Multi Family Mobile 
Home 
Limited 
Income Total 
Cooling  3,239 206 70 2,360 5,876
Space heating 44,225 3,196 506 9,282 57,209
Heat/cool 1,464 10 49 58 1,581
Water heating 44,891 5,834 886 26,864 78,476
Appliances 12,433 426 499 4,436 17,794
Interior lighting 31,573 1,880 1,155 10,074 44,682
Exterior lighting 5,854 99 252 896 7,102
Electronics 16,296 587 685 3,438 21,007
Miscellaneous 4,438 5 171 399 5,012
Total 164,414 12,243 4,274 57,808 238,739

‐100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cumulative Savings (MWh)
Cooling 
Space heating
Heat/cool
Water heating
Appliances
Int. lighting
Ext. lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 719
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-20 www.gepllc.com

Table A-20 Residential Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and
Equipment Measures, Washington, Selected Years (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022 
Cooling Central AC ‐100 112
Heat/Cool Air Source Ht. Pump ‐‐ ‐
Water Heating Water Heater 97 726 760
Appliances 
Clothes Washer 54 661 1,664
Clothes Dryer 68 468 858
Dishwasher 75 701 1,709
Refrigerator 293 1,347 2,798
Freezer 220 1,091 2,371
Second Refrigerator 101 490 949
Stove 14 109 245
Interior Lighting 
Screw‐in 11,536 28,508 34,316
Linear Fluorescent 117 1,267 2,373
Pin‐based 735 4,932 7,438
Exterior Lighting 
Screw‐in 2,139 6,837 6,987
High Intensity/Flood 17 85 115
Electronics Personal Computers 758 6,128 10,557
TVs 407 2,139 3,960
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 110 1,022 2,525
Furnace Fan 29 358 1,066
Total 16,770 56,971 80,803

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 720
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table A-21 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures,
Washington (MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas 211 8,173 55,933 
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas 172 5,504 35,051 
Advanced New Construction Designs 1 119 2,781
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting 13 1,860 5,347
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control 14 1,927 5,432
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback 98 5,644 9,489
Home Energy Management System 5 798 2,822
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver 4 296 3,785
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit 15 2,142 4,592
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable 15 2,060 5,686
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage 8 646 6,490
Insulation ‐ Foundation 1 298 1,351
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance 9 595 1,581
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit 8 1,185 2,608
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators 9 685 1,639
Insulation ‐ Ducting 1 146 836
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity 0 190 865
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation 34 1,803 2,812
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit 4 638 1,582
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation 0 63 576
Water Heater ‐ Timer 8 934 1,676
Insulation ‐ Ceiling 2 285 862
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads 6 617 1,233
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump ‐11 458
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up ‐ ‐  ‐
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing 0 36 172
Pool ‐ Pump Timer 5 838 1,421
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation 1 72 692
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation ‐6 166
Total 643 37,558 157,936 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 721
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-22 www.gepllc.com

Figure A-10 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, C&I Sector, Washington

Figure A-11 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, C&I Sector, Washington

Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y
 Sa
v
i
n
g
s
 ( % of
 Ba
s
e
l
i
n
e
 Fo
r
e
c
a
s
t
)
‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
4,000,000 
4,500,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 722
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table A-22 Energy Efficiency Potential, C&I Sector, Washington
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 2,955,156 3,209,083 3,509,816 3,869,176 4,280,649 
Baseline Peak 
Demand(MW) 460 500 549 607 671 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)  
Realistic Achievable 15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619
Maximum Achievable   32,975 381,468 690,507 867,899 1,026,419
Economic 86,016 552,602 830,218 1,006,195 1,173,010
Technical 109,533 723,045 1,186,290 1,467,580 1,671,750
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline) 
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 5.4%10.8% 14.9% 18.1%
Maximum Achievable   1.1%11.9% 19.7% 22.4% 24.0%
Economic 2.9%17.2% 23.7% 26.0% 27.4%
Technical 3.7%22.5% 33.8% 37.9% 39.1%
Peak Savings (MW)  
Realistic Achievable 2 25 52 79 105
Maximum Achievable   5 55 95 117 137
Economic 13 80 114 137 157
Technical 17 102 159 197 223
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)  
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 5.1% 9.5%13.0% 15.7%
Maximum Achievable   1.1%11.0% 17.2% 19.4% 20.4%
Economic 2.9%15.9% 20.8% 22.6% 23.4%
Technical 3.6%20.4% 28.9% 32.5% 33.2%

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 723
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-24 www.gepllc.com

Table A-23 C&I Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment,
Washington
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast (MWh)    
Small/Med. Commercial  413,131 436,628 470,488 512,594 560,964 
Large Commercial  1,558,848 1,641,938 1,770,523 1,927,937 2,109,236 
Extra Large Commercial  275,848 338,184 367,338 399,653 434,542 
Extra Large Industrial  707,328 792,332 901,468 1,028,993 1,175,907 
Total  2,955,156 3,209,083 3,509,816 3,869,176 4,280,649 
Cumulative Energy Savings, Achievable Potential (MWh)    
Small/Med. Commercial  2,551 25,567 52,366 79,356 108,891 
Large Commercial  10,092 112,528 231,487 335,497 435,628 
Extra Large Commercial  2,607 27,021 56,555 85,997 112,469 
Extra Large Industrial  483 8,317 37,844 74,477 117,630 
Total  15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619 
% of Total C&I Cumulative Energy Savings 
Small/Med. Commercial  16.2% 14.7% 13.8% 13.8% 14.1% 
Large Commercial  64.1% 64.9% 61.2% 58.3% 56.2% 
Extra Large Commercial  16.6% 15.6% 15.0% 14.9% 14.5% 
Extra Large Industrial  3.1% 4.8% 10.0% 12.9% 15.2% 

Table A-24 C&I Potential by Segment, Washington, 2022
Forecast Small/Med.
Commercial 
Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Industrial Total 
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 470,488 1,770,523 367,338 901,468 3,509,816 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh) 
Realistic Achievable 52,366 231,487 56,555 37,844 378,252 
Economic Potential  106,676 441,853 118,311 163,378 830,218 
Technical Potential 172,714 650,066 148,095 215,416 1,186,290 
Cumulative Energy Savings % of Baseline
Realistic Achievable 11% 13% 15% 4% 11% 
Economic Potential  23% 25% 32% 18% 24% 
Technical Potential 37% 37% 40% 24% 34% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 724
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table A-25 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Washington
(MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Cooling 
Realistic Achievable 127 8,672 29,166 48,498 72,425 
Economic 1,709 30,259 62,983 86,699 116,136 
Technical 4,457 60,126 124,114 157,093 189,090 
Space Heating 
Realistic Achievable 10 1,427 7,180 14,045 23,624 
Economic 212 7,563 19,650 28,833 42,274 
Technical 356 11,555 32,534 45,033 60,186 
Heat/Cool 
Realistic Achievable 31 2,494 4,572 5,575 6,982 
Economic 357 5,927 7,558 8,984 10,138 
Technical 483 6,778 9,118 11,073 12,505 
Ventilation 
Realistic Achievable 246 4,256 20,112 40,397 69,089 
Economic 4,017 29,775 75,187 107,501 130,189 
Technical 6,107 47,417 127,261 172,058 190,303 
Water Heating 
Realistic Achievable 181 4,769 10,742 16,921 23,513 
Economic 1,709 15,526 22,956 29,467 31,482 
Technical 8,806 63,741 116,091 166,541 183,186 
Food 
Preparation 
Realistic Achievable 140 1,796 5,159 9,950 14,898 
Economic 1,863 11,976 21,990 26,511 28,922 
Technical 2,173 13,179 24,316 29,162 31,947 
Refrigeration 
Realistic Achievable 123 1,246 4,138 7,959 11,717 
Economic 1,843 8,978 17,215 22,233 24,920 
Technical 2,183 11,986 26,785 34,794 39,418 
Interior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 11,768 111,221 218,748 316,260 394,891 
Economic 50,511 299,598 396,845 456,682 523,557 
Technical 55,416 327,215 442,057 510,066 581,362 
Exterior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 1,108 15,661 30,450 38,068 45,433 
Economic 4,693 44,035 50,942 53,236 56,711 
Technical 5,191 48,166 57,089 64,537 72,708 
Office 
Equipment 
Realistic Achievable 1,779 18,258 30,020 39,448 49,199 
Economic 12,800 58,446 61,458 64,159 66,791 
Technical 17,214 80,539 85,590 90,712 96,009 
Machine Drive 
Realistic Achievable 199 2,492 8,718 15,739 23,806 
Economic 2,252 17,069 40,392 50,946 58,527 
Technical 2,653 26,498 84,466 111,180 128,005 
Process 
Realistic Achievable 17 999 8,473 20,545 35,763 
Economic 3,980 22,472 50,483 66,505 77,283 
Technical 3,980 22,472 50,483 66,505 77,283 
Miscellaneous 
Realistic Achievable 5 142 775 1,924 3,280 
Economic 70 977 2,561 4,439 6,080 
Technical 514 3,373 6,388 8,826 9,749 
Total 
Realistic Achievable 15,733 173,433 378,252 575,328 774,619 
Economic 86,016 552,602 830,218 1,006,195 1,173,010 
Technical 109,533 723,045 1,186,290 1,467,580 1,671,750 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 725
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-26 www.gepllc.com

Figure A-12 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Washington

Table A-26 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment, 2022,
Washington (MWh)
 Small/Med. 
Commercial 
Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Industrial Total 
Cooling 1,017 17,942 4,119 6,087 29,166
Space Heating 440 4,617 1,216 906 7,180
Combined 
Heating/Cooling 323 3,597 464 188 4,572 
Ventilation 4,268 3,818 4,496 7,530 20,112
Water Heating 1,238 3,974 5,530 ‐ 10,742
Food Preparation 700 3,815 644 ‐ 5,159
Refrigeration 741 3,001 396 ‐ 4,138
Interior Lighting 33,054 149,244 30,943 5,507 218,748
Exterior Lighting 5,854 18,916 5,246 434 30,450
Office Equipment 4,529 22,130 3,362 ‐ 30,020
Machine Drive  ‐  ‐ ‐8,718 8,718
Process  ‐  ‐ ‐8,473 8,473
Miscellaneous 202 432 141 ‐ 775
Total 52,366 231,487 56,555 37,844 378,252

‐100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat/cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Cumulative Savings(MWh)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 726
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table A-27 C&I Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures,
Washington (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022 
Cooling Central Chiller 53 551 2,062 
PTAC 4 4 4 
Heat/Cool Heat Pump 14 263 795 
Ventilation Ventilation 235 3,625 13,529 
Water Heater Water Heater 160 1,908 4,354 
Food Preparation  
Fryer 9 101 271 
Hot Food Container 5 172 488 
Oven 127 1,495 3,996 
Refrigeration 
Glass Door Display 21 279 808 
Icemaker 16 216 644 
Solid Door Refrigerator 29 332 893 
Vending Machine 55 303 740 
Walk in Refrigeration 21 279 808 
Interior Lighting 
Interior Screw‐in 6,957 45,558 69,399 
HID 1,823 16,436 32,323 
Linear Fluorescent 2,869 35,193 69,229 
Exterior Lighting 
Screw‐in 154 2,018 3,288 
HID 864 10,866 21,367 
Linear Fluorescent 82 1,472 2,497 
Office Equipment 
Desktop Computer 1,056 9,794 15,665 
Laptop Computer 75 700 1,119 
Monitor 211 757 1,307 
POS Terminal 23 318 580 
Printer/copier/fax 66 1,061 1,963 
Server 342 4,823 7,781 
Machine Drive 
Less than 5 HP 13 92 280 
5‐24 HP 28 208 649 
25‐99 HP 69 518 1,616 
100‐249 HP 19 146 455 
250‐499 HP 21 155 484 
500 and more HP 39 292 913 
Process 
Electrochem. Process 2 138 1,150 
Process Cooling/Refrig. 3 185 1,538 
Process Heating 11 658 5,482 
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 4 70 339 
Total 15,460 140,725 268,060 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 727
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

A-28 www.gepllc.com

Table A-28 C&I Cumulative Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures,
Washington (MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Energy Management System 25 1,553 16,501 
Advanced New Construction Designs 1 70 1,070 
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting 37 7,653 14,120 
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures 13 787 8,430 
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive 29 6,096 10,951 
Custom Measures 2 533 7,173 
RTU ‐ Maintenance 39 4,686 8,093 
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control 5 218 2,179 
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors 5 304 3,318 
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts 0 39 342 
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors 13 477 3,666 
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors 12 506 3,807 
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles 18 2,657 5,409 
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive 0 245 1,809 
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC 2 258 2,720 
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance 17 2,231 3,777 
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive 7 883 1,911 
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives 3 146 1,535 
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity 1 33 262 
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor 2 109 1,244 
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temperature Reset 4 222 2,148 
Chiller ‐ VSD 1 81 859 
Commissioning ‐ Lighting 0 155 528 
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable 3 458 904 
Office Equipment ‐ ENERGY STAR Power Supply 6 806 1,605 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls 2 92 747 
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump 0 54 659 
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control 0 8 71 
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation 2 83 760 
Insulation ‐ Ducting 1 53 443 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps 0 20 290 
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas 1 45 297 
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset 1 242 437 
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity 0 10 146 
Insulation ‐ Ceiling 0 1 17 
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization 0 10 159 
LED Exit Lighting 17 613 670 
Industrial Process Improvements 0 17 205 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 728
Washington Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners A-29
An EnerNOC Company
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls 0 7 112 
Commissioning ‐ HVAC  ‐ ‐ 16 
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation 2 144 254 
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control 0 9 106 
Miscellaneous ‐ ENERGY STAR Water Cooler 0 40 115 
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain  ‐ 1 20 
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure 0 6 59 
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver  ‐ ‐ 2 
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer 0 4 46 
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance 0 2 32 
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump 0 6 64 
Vending Machine ‐ Controller 0 26 44 
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System 0 4 32 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting 0 1 16 
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer 0 6 10 
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers 0 0 5 
Total 273 32,708 110,192 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 729
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 730

Global Energy Partners B-1
An EnerNOC Company
APPENDIX B
IDAHO MARKET PROFILES, BASELINE FORECAST, AND POTENTIAL
RESULTS
This appendix contains Idaho-specific tables that summarize the study assumptions, inputs, and
results for Avista’s Idaho service territory only. These tables either repeat Idaho-specific
information provided previously within the body of the report, or provide Idaho-specific
information that corresponds to Avista system-level information in the report.
Table B–1 Electricity Use and Peak Demand by Rate Class, Idaho 2009
Sector 
Rate 
Schedule(s) 
Number of meters 
(customers) 
2009 Electricity 
sales (MWh) 
Peak demand 
(MW) 
Residential 001 99,580 1,182,368 283
General Service 011, 012 19,245 322,570 61
Large General Service 021, 022 1,456 699,953 115
Extra Large General Service 025, 025P 10 266,044 40
Extra Large GS Potlatch 025P 1 892 101
Pumping 031, 032 1,312 58,885 4
Total   121,604 3,422,111 603

Table B–2 Residential Electricity Usage and Intensity by Segment, Idaho 2009
Idaho 
Segment 
Intensity   
(kWh/Household) 
Number of  
Customers 
% of 
Customers 
2009 Electricity 
Sales (MWh) % of Sales 
Single Family 13,703 59,205 59% 811,302 69% 
Multi‐Family 8,213 5,237 5% 43,013 4% 
Mobile Home 12,320 4,774 5% 58,815 5% 
Limited Income 8,868 30,363 31% 269,249 23% 
Total 11,874 99,580 100% 1,182,379 100% 
Note: Minor differences with totals in Table B–1 due to calibration.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 731
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-2 www.gepllc.com

Table B–3 Single Family Market Profile, 2009, Idaho

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 36.8% 1,857            684                  41               73.4% 2,154          1,581            16%
Cooling Room AC 10.8% 683                74                     4                 1.4% 793             11                  16%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 14.7% 6,377            940                  56               13.6% 7,398          1,004            16%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.7% 3,826            27                     2                 0.8% 4,439          33                  16%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.0% 11,494          570                  34               2.5% 13,793       342                20%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 20.0% 9,195            1,837               109            21.0% 11,035       2,315            20%
Space Heating Supplemental 6.1% 128                8                       0                 6.1% 154             9                    20%
Water Heating Water Heater 44.4% 3,813            1,694               100            37.8% 4,595          1,736            21%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 1,394            1,394               83               100.0% 1,394          1,394            0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 146                101                  6                 69.2% 146             101                0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 58                  58                     3                 100.0% 58                58                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 86.7% 366                317                  19               86.7% 366             317                0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 1.9% 140                3                       0                 1.9% 140             3                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 98.0% 126                124                  7                 99.8% 154             154                22%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 92.8% 609                565                  33               89.0% 692             616                14%
Appliances Dishwasher 93.9% 246                231                  14               99.9% 271             271                11%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 793                793                  47               100.0% 625             625                 ‐21%
Appliances Freezer 69.4% 773                536                  32               69.4% 708             491                 ‐8%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 47.3% 816                386                  23               20.5% 711             146                 ‐13%
Appliances Stove 82.1% 383                314                  19               82.1% 465             382                22%
Appliances Microwave 98.5% 168                166                  10               98.5% 173             171                3%
Electronics Personal Computers 140.0% 279                391                  23               147.0% 287             422                3%
Electronics TVs 260.0% 359                933                  55               260.0% 400             1,041            12%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 60                  60                     4                 100.0% 67                67                  10%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 13.3% 1,500            200                  12               14.0% 1,526          214                2%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 30.1% 550                166                  10               30.1% 675             203                23%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 1,132            1,132               67               100.0% 1,359          1,359            20%
13,703            811            15,063          
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 732
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-3
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–4 Multi-family Market Profile, 2009, Idaho

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 5.0% 845                42                     0                 24.1% 912             220                8%
Cooling Room AC 25.0% 324                81                     0                 18.9% 350             66                  8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 1.0% 2,665            27                     0                 3.4% 2,878          98                  8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 1,599            ‐                    ‐             0.5% 1,727          9                    8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 59.0% 4,983            2,940               15               59.0% 5,481          3,234            10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 5.0% 3,986            199                  1                 5.0% 4,385          219                10%
Space Heating Supplemental 18.0% 56                  10                     0                 18.9% 61                12                  10%
Water Heating Water Heater 77.0% 1,936            1,491               8                 71.3% 2,134          1,522            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 750                750                  4                 100.0% 750             750                0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 32.0% 76                  24                     0                 32.0% 76                24                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 3.0% 75                  2                       0                 3.0% 75                2                    0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 38.5% 55                  21                     0                 38.5% 55                21                  0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 0.2% 73                  0                       0                 0.2% 73                0                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 32.0% 63                  20                     0                 32.0% 70                22                  11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 30.7% 582                179                  1                 30.7% 621             191                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 64.0% 88                  56                     0                 64.0% 93                59                  5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 677                677                  4                 100.0% 665             665                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 8.4% 734                62                     0                 8.4% 703             59                   ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 5.0% 687                34                     0                 5.0% 631             32                   ‐8%
Appliances Stove 96.4% 163                158                  1                 96.4% 181             175                11%
Appliances Microwave 90.0% 99                  89                     0                 90.0% 101             91                  1%
Electronics Personal Computers 63.0% 223                141                  1                 66.2% 226             150                1%
Electronics TVs 165.0% 178                293                  2                 165.0% 188             310                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 25                  25                     0                 100.0% 26                26                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 0.0%‐                 ‐                    ‐             0.0%‐              ‐                0%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 13.0% 38                  5                       0                 13.0% 42                5                    11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 888                888                  5                 100.0% 932             932                5%
8,213               43               8,893            
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 733
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-4 www.gepllc.com

Table B–5 Mobile Home Market Profile, 2009, Idaho

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 23.2% 962                223                  1                 35.9% 1,039          373                8%
Cooling Room AC 23.2% 354                82                     0                 22.0% 382             84                  8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 21.7% 3,035            660                  3                 22.8% 3,277          748                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 1,821            ‐                    ‐             0.0% 1,966          ‐                8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 0.0% 5,122            ‐                    ‐             0.0% 5,634          ‐                10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 68.1% 4,098            2,792               13               68.1% 4,508          3,071            10%
Space Heating Supplemental 1.4% 30                  0                       0                 1.5% 33                0                    10%
Water Heating Water Heater 96.3% 1,607            1,549               7                 91.0% 1,772          1,612            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 1,307            1,307               6                 100.0% 1,307          1,307            0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 137                95                     0                 69.2% 137             95                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 54                  54                     0                 100.0% 54                54                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 86.7% 343                297                  1                 86.7% 343             297                0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 1.9% 131                2                       0                 1.9% 131             2                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 96.3% 128                124                  1                 96.3% 142             137                11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 98.8% 620                612                  3                 98.8% 662             653                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 89.0% 250                222                  1                 89.0% 263             234                5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 806                806                  4                 100.0% 792             792                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 59.3% 786                466                  2                 59.3% 753             446                 ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 19.5% 830                162                  1                 19.5% 762             149                 ‐8%
Appliances Stove 93.9% 344                323                  2                 93.9% 381             358                11%
Appliances Microwave 82.0% 151                124                  1                 82.0% 154             126                2%
Electronics Personal Computers 116.5% 262                305                  1                 122.3% 265             324                1%
Electronics TVs 260.0% 359                933                  4                 260.0% 380             987                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 60                  60                     0                 100.0% 64                64                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 11.1% 1,500            167                  1                 11.7% 1,513          177                1%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 8.3% 500                42                     0                 8.3% 557             47                  11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 913                913                  4                 100.0% 959             959                5%
12,320            59               13,096          
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 734
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-5
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–6 Limited Income Market Profile, 2009, Idaho

UEC Intensity Usage UEC Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/HH) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/HH)
Cooling Central AC 22.2% 944                210                  6                 28.7% 1,019          293                8%
Cooling Room AC 35.4% 641                227                  7                 18.0% 692             124                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump 10.4% 2,134            222                  7                 10.4% 2,305          240                8%
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump 0.0% 1,281            ‐                    ‐             0.5% 1,383          7                    8%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 32.0% 4,647            1,486               45               28.8% 5,112          1,471            10%
Space Heating Electric Furnace 19.3% 3,711            716                  22               21.2% 4,082          867                10%
Space Heating Supplemental 12.7% 57                  7                       0                 13.4% 62                8                    10%
Water Heating Water Heater 83.9% 2,101            1,762               54               67.0% 2,316          1,552            10%
Interior Lighting Screw‐in 100.0% 728                728                  22               100.0% 728             728                0%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 69.2% 75                  52                     2                 69.2% 75                52                  0%
Interior Lighting Pin‐based 100.0% 59                  59                     2                 100.0% 59                59                  0%
Exterior Lighting Screw‐in 47.1% 106                50                     2                 47.1% 106             50                  0%
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood 2.7% 84                  2                       0                 2.7% 84                2                    0%
Appliances Clothes Washer 71.3% 55                  39                     1                 71.3% 61                43                  11%
Appliances Clothes Dryer 68.6% 652                447                  14               68.6% 696             477                7%
Appliances Dishwasher 78.5% 72                  56                     2                 78.5% 75                59                  5%
Appliances Refrigerator 100.0% 677                677                  21               100.0% 665             665                 ‐2%
Appliances Freezer 63.4% 734                466                  14               63.4% 703             446                 ‐4%
Appliances Second Refrigerator 23.4% 687                161                  5                 23.4% 631             148                 ‐8%
Appliances Stove 89.7% 196                176                  5                 89.7% 217             195                11%
Appliances Microwave 92.6% 109                101                  3                 92.6% 111             102                1%
Electronics Personal Computers 101.4% 230                233                  7                 106.5% 233             248                1%
Electronics TVs 165.0% 204                337                  10               165.0% 216             356                6%
Electronics Devices and Gadgets 100.0% 30                  30                     1                 105.0% 32                33                  5%
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 5.8% 617                36                     1                 5.8% 622             36                  1%
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan 25.2% 213                54                     2                 25.2% 238             60                  11%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 534                534                  16               100.0% 561             561                5%
8,868               269            8,884            
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 735
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-6 www.gepllc.com

Table B–7 Commercial Sector Market Characterization Results, Idaho 2009
Avista Rate Schedule LoadMAP Segment and Typical 
Building 
Electricity 
sales (MWh) 
Intensity 
(kWh/sq.ft.) 
General Service  011, 012 Small and Medium Commercial —Retail 322,570 17.5
Large General Service  021, 022 Large Commercial —Office 699,953 16.7
Extra Large General 
Service Commercial  
025C Extra Large Commercial —University 70,361 13.9
Extra Large General 
Service Industrial  
025I, 025P Extra Large Industrial 1,087,974 40.0
Total   2,180,858 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 736
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-7
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–8 Small/Medium Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 13.8% 2.39               0.33                 6                 13.8% 2.15            0.30               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 63.1% 2.46               1.55                 29               63.1% 2.22            1.40               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 3.3% 2.44               0.08                 1                 3.3% 2.20            0.07               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 3.6% 6.19               0.22                 4                 3.6% 5.57            0.20               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.9% 6.72               0.39                 7                 5.9% 6.72            0.39              0%
Space Heating Furnace 17.7% 7.05               1.25                 23               17.7% 6.34            1.13               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 76.9% 2.09               1.61                 30               76.9% 1.88            1.45               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 1.00               1.00                 18               100.0% 0.90            0.90               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.68               0.68                 13               100.0% 0.61            0.61               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 3.37               3.37                 62               100.0% 3.03            3.03               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 82.6% 0.20               0.16                 3                 82.6% 0.18            0.15               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 82.6% 0.76               0.63                 12               82.6% 0.68            0.56               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 82.6% 0.16               0.13                 2                 82.6% 0.14            0.12               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 63.0% 2.00               1.26                 23               63.0% 1.90            1.19              ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 25.8% 0.16               0.04                 1                 25.8% 0.16            0.04              0%
Food Preparation Oven 25.8% 0.98               0.25                 5                 25.8% 0.98            0.25              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 25.8% 0.06               0.01                 0                 25.8% 0.06            0.01              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 25.8% 0.31               0.08                 1                 25.8% 0.31            0.08              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 25.8% 0.01               0.00                 0                 25.8% 0.01            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 52.4%‐                 ‐                    ‐             52.4%‐              ‐                0%
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 52.4% 0.45               0.23                 4                 52.4% 0.40            0.21               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 52.4% 0.50               0.26                 5                 52.4% 0.45            0.24               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 52.4% 0.04               0.02                 0                 52.4% 0.04            0.02               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 52.4% 0.30               0.16                 3                 52.4% 0.30            0.16              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 52.4% 0.34               0.18                 3                 52.4% 0.34            0.18              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 99.9% 0.48               0.48                 9                 99.9% 0.48            0.48              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 99.9% 0.06               0.06                 1                 99.9% 0.06            0.06              0%
Office Equipment Server 99.9% 0.36               0.36                 7                 99.9% 0.36            0.36              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 99.9% 0.25               0.25                 5                 99.9% 0.25            0.25              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 99.9% 0.24               0.24                 4                 99.9% 0.24            0.24              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 99.9% 0.27               0.27                 5                 99.9% 0.27            0.27              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 40.2% 1.22               0.49                 9                 40.2% 1.22            0.49              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 1.43               1.43                 26               100.0% 1.43            1.43              0%
17.50               323            16.3              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 737
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-8 www.gepllc.com

Table B–9 Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 24.7% 2.15               0.53                 22               24.7% 1.93            0.48               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 37.8% 2.52               0.95                 40               37.8% 2.26            0.86               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 3.8% 2.49               0.09                 4                 3.8% 2.24            0.08               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 9.1% 4.81               0.44                 18               9.1% 4.33            0.40               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 5.9% 3.62               0.21                 9                 5.9% 3.62            0.21              0%
Space Heating Furnace 12.7% 4.68               0.60                 25               12.7% 4.21            0.54               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 75.1% 1.66               1.24                 52               75.1% 1.49            1.12               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 0.94               0.94                 39               100.0% 0.85            0.85               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.71               0.71                 30               100.0% 0.64            0.64               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 3.29               3.29                 138            100.0% 2.96            2.96               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 89.6% 0.11               0.10                 4                 89.6% 0.10            0.09               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 89.6% 0.62               0.56                 23               89.6% 0.56            0.50               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 89.6% 0.16               0.14                 6                 89.6% 0.14            0.13               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 54.2% 2.31               1.25                 53               54.2% 2.20            1.19              ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 18.4% 0.35               0.06                 3                 18.4% 0.35            0.06              0%
Food Preparation Oven 18.4% 1.88               0.35                 14               18.4% 1.88            0.35              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 18.4% 0.19               0.03                 1                 18.4% 0.19            0.03              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 18.4% 0.27               0.05                 2                 18.4% 0.27            0.05              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 18.4% 0.02               0.00                 0                 18.4% 0.02            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 39.1% 0.48               0.19                 8                 39.1% 0.43            0.17               ‐10%
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 39.1% 0.37               0.14                 6                 39.1% 0.33            0.13               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 39.1% 0.77               0.30                 13               39.1% 0.69            0.27               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 39.1% 0.27               0.10                 4                 39.1% 0.24            0.09               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 39.1% 0.36               0.14                 6                 39.1% 0.36            0.14              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 39.1% 0.66               0.26                 11               39.1% 0.66            0.26              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 98.4% 0.90               0.88                 37               98.4% 0.90            0.88              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 98.4% 0.07               0.07                 3                 98.4% 0.07            0.07              0%
Office Equipment Server 98.4% 0.42               0.41                 17               98.4% 0.42            0.41              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 98.4% 0.21               0.20                 9                 98.4% 0.21            0.20              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 98.4% 0.21               0.21                 9                 98.4% 0.21            0.21              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 98.4% 0.07               0.07                 3                 98.4% 0.07            0.07              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 57.7% 1.40               0.81                 34               57.7% 1.40            0.81              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 1.36               1.36                 57               100.0% 1.36            1.36              0%
16.70               700            15.6              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 738
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–10 Extra Large Commercial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 52.2% 2.13               1.11                 6                 52.2% 1.92            1.00               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 24.7% 2.22               0.55                 3                 24.7% 2.00            0.49               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 0.0% 2.22               ‐                    ‐             0.0% 2.00            ‐                 ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 4.4% 5.23               0.23                 1                 4.4% 4.70            0.21               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 15.8% 4.39               0.69                 4                 15.8% 4.39            0.69              0%
Space Heating Furnace 5.6% 5.67               0.32                 2                 5.6% 5.11            0.29               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 90.2% 1.94               1.75                 9                 90.2% 1.74            1.57               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 1.37               1.37                 7                 100.0% 1.23            1.23               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 0.29               0.29                 1                 100.0% 0.26            0.26               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 2.19               2.19                 11               100.0% 1.97            1.97               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 96.3% 0.03               0.03                 0                 96.3% 0.03            0.03               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 96.3% 0.88               0.85                 4                 96.3% 0.79            0.76               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 96.3% 0.04               0.03                 0                 96.3% 0.03            0.03               ‐10%
Water Heating Water Heater 26.3% 3.72               0.98                 5                 26.3% 3.53            0.93               ‐5%
Food Preparation Fryer 13.8% 0.13               0.02                 0                 13.8% 0.13            0.02              0%
Food Preparation Oven 13.8% 2.12               0.29                 1                 13.8% 2.12            0.29              0%
Food Preparation Dishwasher 13.8% 0.08               0.01                 0                 13.8% 0.08            0.01              0%
Food Preparation Hot Food Container 13.8% 0.13               0.02                 0                 13.8% 0.13            0.02              0%
Food Preparation Food Prep 13.8% 0.01               0.00                 0                 13.8% 0.01            0.00              0%
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration 26.6% 0.19               0.05                 0                 26.6% 0.17            0.04               ‐10%
Refrigeration Glass Door Display 26.6% 0.11               0.03                 0                 26.6% 0.10            0.03               ‐10%
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator 26.6% 0.71               0.19                 1                 26.6% 0.64            0.17               ‐10%
Refrigeration Open Display Case 26.6% 0.50               0.13                 1                 26.6% 0.45            0.12               ‐10%
Refrigeration Vending Machine 26.6% 0.38               0.10                 1                 26.6% 0.38            0.10              0%
Refrigeration Icemaker 26.6% 0.31               0.08                 0                 26.6% 0.31            0.08              0%
Office Equipment Desktop Computer 100.0% 0.64               0.64                 3                 100.0% 0.64            0.64              0%
Office Equipment Laptop Computer 100.0% 0.07               0.07                 0                 100.0% 0.07            0.07              0%
Office Equipment Server 100.0% 0.17               0.17                 1                 100.0% 0.17            0.17              0%
Office Equipment Monitor 100.0% 0.13               0.13                 1                 100.0% 0.13            0.13              0%
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax 100.0% 0.05               0.05                 0                 100.0% 0.05            0.05              0%
Office Equipment POS Terminal 100.0% 0.01               0.01                 0                 100.0% 0.01            0.01              0%
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 88.8% 0.82               0.73                 4                 88.8% 0.82            0.73              0%
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous 100.0% 0.80               0.80                 4                 100.0% 0.80            0.80              0%
13.90               70               12.9              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 739
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-10 www.gepllc.com

Table B–11 Extra Large Industrial Segment Market Profile, Idaho, 2009

EUI Intensity Usage EUI Intensity
(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.) (GWh)(kWh) (kWh/Sqft.)
Cooling Central Chiller 14.4% 7.98               1.15                 31               14.4% 7.18            1.04               ‐10%
Cooling RTU 17.1% 6.32               1.08                 29               17.1% 5.68            0.97               ‐10%
Cooling PTAC 1.1% 5.50               0.06                 2                 1.1% 4.95            0.05               ‐10%
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump 1.6% 11.13            0.18                 5                 1.6% 10.01          0.16               ‐10%
Space Heating Electric Resistance 10.8% 8.67               0.93                 25               10.8% 8.67            0.93              0%
Space Heating Furnace 2.0% 9.10               0.18                 5                 2.0% 8.19            0.17               ‐10%
Ventilation Ventilation 27.4% 12.31            3.37                 92               27.4% 11.08          3.04               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in 100.0% 0.33               0.33                 9                 100.0% 0.30            0.30               ‐10%
Interior Lighting HID 100.0% 1.05               1.05                 28               100.0% 0.94            0.94               ‐10%
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 100.0% 1.10               1.10                 30               100.0% 0.99            0.99               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in 92.5% 0.02               0.02                 1                 92.5% 0.02            0.02               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting HID 92.5% 0.25               0.23                 6                 92.5% 0.23            0.21               ‐10%
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent 92.5% 0.01               0.01                 0                 92.5% 0.01            0.01               ‐10%
Process Process Cooling/Refrigeration 2.4% 99.67            2.40                 65               2.4% 99.67          2.40              0%
Process Process Heating 26.2% 13.74            3.60                 98               26.2% 13.74          3.60              0%
Process Electrochemical Process 2.6% 77.43            2.00                 54               2.6% 77.43          2.00              0%
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP 90.5% 0.92               0.84                 23               90.5% 0.92            0.84              0%
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP 80.1% 2.26               1.81                 49               80.1% 2.26            1.81              0%
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP 72.4% 6.10               4.42                 120            72.4% 6.10            4.42              0%
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP 65.3% 3.84               2.51                 68               65.3% 3.84            2.51              0%
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP 23.7% 11.61            2.75                 75               23.7% 11.61          2.75              0%
Machine Drive 500 and more HP 26.1% 19.50            5.08                 138            26.1% 19.50          5.08              0%
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 100.0% 4.90               4.90                 133            100.0% 4.90            4.90              0%
40.00               1,088         39.1              
New Units
Compared to 
Average
Average Market Profiles
Saturation
Total
End Use Technology Saturation
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 740
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-11
An EnerNOC Company
Figure B–1 Residential Baseline Forecast by End Use, Idaho

Figure B–2 C&I Baseline Electricity Forecast by End Use, Idaho

‐
200,000 
400,000 
600,000 
800,000 
1,000,000 
1,200,000 
1,400,000 
1,600,000 
1,800,000 
2,000,000 
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Water Heating
Appliances
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat & Cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 741
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-12 www.gepllc.com

Table B-12 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Idaho
End Use 2009 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
% Change 
('09–'32) 
Avg. Growth 
Rate 
('09–'32) 
Res. ID 1,182,379 1,178,591 1,253,664 1,408,812 1,588,965 1,808,300 52.9%1.8%
C&I ID 2,180,858 2,217,188 2,383,504 2,551,291 2,748,846 2,970,324 36.2%1.3%
Total 3,363,237 3,395,780 3,637,168 3,960,104 4,337,811 4,778,624 42.1%1.5%

Figure B–3 Baseline Forecast Summary by Sector, Idaho
‐
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
6,000,000 
An
n
u
a
l
 Us
e
 (M
W
h
)
Residential ‐ID C&I ‐ID
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 742
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-13
An EnerNOC Company
Figure B–4 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Idaho, All Sectors

Figure B–5 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecasts, Idaho, All Sectors

Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y
 Sa
v
i
n
g
s
 ( % of
 Ba
s
e
l
i
n
e
 Fo
r
e
c
a
s
t
)
‐
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
6,000,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Achievable
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 743
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-14 www.gepllc.com

Table B–13 Summary of Energy Efficiency Potential, Idaho, All Sectors
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast 
(MWh) 3,395,780 3,637,168 3,960,104 4,337,811 4,778,624 
Baseline Peak 
Demand(MW) 610 644 705 775 854 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)    
Realistic Achievable 17,115 138,024 328,192 529,056 743,485
Maximum Achievable 31,326 355,867 694,006 878,021 1,036,097
Economic 87,533 536,684 893,730 1,084,577 1,243,423
Technical 116,533 737,247 1,243,729 1,532,099 1,733,629
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.5% 3.8% 8.3% 12.2% 15.6% 
Maximum Achievable 0.9% 9.8% 17.5% 20.2% 21.7% 
Economic 2.6% 14.8% 22.6% 25.0% 26.0% 
Technical 3.4% 20.3% 31.4% 35.3% 36.3% 
Peak Savings (MW)    
Realistic Achievable 4 27 57 94 133 
Maximum Achievable 7 65 120 153 178 
Economic 19 98 154 186 213 
Technical 24 133 212 262 299 
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.7% 4.1% 8.1% 12.1% 15.6% 
Maximum Achievable 1.1% 10.1% 17.1% 19.7% 20.9% 
Economic 3.1% 15.2% 21.9% 24.0% 24.9% 
Technical 4.0% 20.6% 30.1% 33.8% 35.0% 
Table B–14 Achievable Cumulative EE Potential by Sector, Idaho (MWh)
Segment 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Residential, Idaho 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003
C&I, Idaho 8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482
Total 17,115 138,024 328,192 529,056 743,485
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 744
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-15
An EnerNOC Company
Figure B–6 Achievable Cumulative Potential by Sector, Idaho

Figure B–7 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, Idaho

Figure B–8 Residential Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, Idaho

0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
C&I, ID
Residential, IDSa
v
i
n
g
s
 (M
W
h
)
Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y
 Sa
v
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g
s
 (%
 of
 Ba
s
e
l
i
n
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 Fo
r
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c
a
s
t
)
‐
200,000 
400,000 
600,000 
800,000 
1,000,000 
1,200,000 
1,400,000 
1,600,000 
1,800,000 
2,000,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Realistic Achievable
Maximum Achievable
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 745
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-16 www.gepllc.com

Table B–15 Energy Efficiency Potential for the Residential Sector, Idaho
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast 
(MWh) 1,178,591 1,253,664 1,408,812 1,588,965 1,808,300 
Baseline Peak 
Demand(MW) 281 290 325 363 408 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)    
Realistic achievable 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003 
Maximum achievable 11,841 130,930 230,870 293,897 349,609 
Economic 33,369 179,104 280,336 341,494 403,100 
Technical 49,653 292,196 462,586 575,049 665,872 
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic achievable 0.7% 3.5% 6.9% 10.8% 14.4% 
Maximum achievable 1.0% 10.4% 16.4% 18.5% 19.3% 
Economic 2.8% 14.3% 19.9% 21.5% 22.3% 
Technical 4.2% 23.3% 32.8% 36.2% 36.8% 
Peak Savings (MW)    
Realistic achievable 3 12 26 47 70 
Maximum achievable 4 32 61 79 92 
Economic 11 47 75 92 106 
Technical 14 69 109 135 157 
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic achievable 1.1% 4.2% 7.9% 12.8% 17.0% 
Maximum achievable 1.4% 11.2% 18.7% 21.7% 22.5% 
Economic 3.8% 16.3% 23.2% 25.3% 26.1% 
Technical 4.9% 23.8% 33.5% 37.2% 38.6% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 746
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table B-16 Residential Baseline & Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment, Idaho
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh)    
Single Family 809,394 860,796 969,610 1,095,955 1,250,124 
Multi Family 43,239 46,927 53,367 60,656 69,266 
Mobile Home 58,491 61,447 68,664 77,048 87,262 
Limited Income 267,467 284,494 317,172 355,306 401,648 
Total 1,178,591 1,253,664 1,408,812 1,588,965 1,808,300 
Energy Savings, Realistic Achievable Potential (MWh)    
Single Family 6,394 32,068 76,498 135,426 203,716 
Multi Family 236 1,141 2,100 3,891 5,937 
Mobile Home 465 1,997 3,403 5,554 8,326 
Limited Income 1,597 8,715 15,705 27,307 42,024 
Total 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003 
% of Total Residential Energy Savings 
Single Family 73.6% 73.0% 78.3% 78.7% 78.4% 
Multi Family 2.7% 2.6% 2.1% 2.3% 2.3% 
Mobile Home 5.3% 4.5% 3.5% 3.2% 3.2% 
Limited Income 18.4% 19.8% 16.1% 15.9% 16.2% 
Table B-17 Residential Potential by Housing Type, 2022, Idaho
Forecast Single 
Family 
Multi 
Family 
Mobile 
Home 
Limited 
Income Total 
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 969,610 53,367 68,664 317,172 1,408,812 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh) 
Realistic Achievable 76,498 2,100 3,403 15,705 97,705 
Maximum Achievable 180,146 5,514 7,612 37,597 230,870 
Economic Potential  215,829 7,112 9,445 47,950 280,336 
Technical Potential 311,446 15,951 23,241 111,948 462,586 
Energy Savings % of Baseline 
Realistic Achievable 7.9% 3.9% 5.0% 5.0% 6.9% 
Maximum Achievable 18.6% 10.3% 11.1% 11.9% 16.4% 
Economic Potential  22.3% 13.3% 13.8% 15.1% 19.9% 
Technical Potential 32.1% 29.9% 33.8% 35.3% 32.8% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 747
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-18 www.gepllc.com

Table A-18 Residential Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Oregon
(MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Cooling 
Realistic Achievable 4 784 2,713 7,797 15,205
Economic 118 7,473 13,481 20,239 27,909
Technical 1,389 21,223 34,387 49,464 67,702
Space Heating 
Realistic Achievable 90 5,124 23,932 55,063 89,268
Economic 2,854 46,886 90,434 118,849 142,327
Technical 3,872 62,068 117,487 158,049 196,858
Heat/Cool 
Realistic Achievable  4 277 772 1,917 5,360
Economic 136 4,094 5,019 5,928 9,460
Technical 1,056 8,796 15,144 21,238 24,333
Water Heating 
Realistic Achievable 167 6,629 23,974 46,762 77,570
Economic 2,868 34,268 69,949 91,136 113,933
Technical 10,553 85,265 160,064 203,679 227,582
Appliances 
Realistic Achievable 434 4,216 9,065 14,393 20,002
Economic 1,885 20,859 27,076 28,751 30,895
Technical 2,461 26,764 35,893 38,774 41,155
Interior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 6,180 17,434 19,757 22,622 23,650
Economic 18,432 36,002 35,080 32,028 29,190
Technical 21,560 49,417 48,706 45,433 42,120
Exterior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable  1,125 3,610 3,675 3,426 2,753
Economic 3,350 7,531 6,023 4,553 3,242
Technical 3,846 9,858 8,546 7,753 7,635
Electronics 
Realistic Achievable 607 4,630 11,073 15,629 19,572
Economic 3,058 15,658 23,240 26,031 29,797
Technical 4,219 22,321 32,027 36,258 41,681
Miscellaneous 
Realistic Achievable 80 1,217 2,744 4,568 6,622
Economic 667 6,334 10,036 13,980 16,348
Technical 697 6,484 10,331 14,400 16,807
Total 
Realistic Achievable 8,692 43,922 97,705 172,179 260,003
Economic 33,369 179,104 280,336 341,494 403,100
Technical 49,653 292,196 462,586 575,049 665,872

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 748
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-19
An EnerNOC Company
Figure B–9 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years,
Idaho

Table B-19 Residential Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and Market Segment,
2022, Idaho (MWh)
 Single Family Multi Family Mobile 
Home 
Limited 
Income Total 
Cooling  1,736 51 59 866 2,713
Space heating 19,066 789 402 3,676 23,932
Heat/cool 675 3 39 56 772
Water heating 20,270 422 407 2,875 23,974
Appliances 6,657 103 451 1,854 9,065
Interior lighting 13,894 535 1,047 4,281 19,757
Exterior lighting 3,020 28 227 399 3,675
Electronics 8,757 167 617 1,531 11,073
Miscellaneous 2,422 1 153 168 2,744
Total 76,498 2,100 3,403 15,705 97,705

‐50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cumulative Savings (MWh)
Cooling 
Space heating
Heat/cool
Water heating
Appliances
Int. lighting
Ext. lighting
Electronics
Miscellaneous
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 749
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-20 www.gepllc.com

Table B–20 Residential Cumulative Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use and
Equipment Measures, Idaho, Selected Years (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022 
Cooling Central AC ‐ 51 55 
Heat/Cool Air Source Ht. Pump ‐ ‐ ‐ 
Water Heating Water Heater 43 321 336 
Appliances 
Clothes Washer 29 352 888 
Clothes Dryer 35 240 440 
Dishwasher 40 373 912 
Refrigerator 146 652 1,266 
Freezer 113 560 1,221 
Second Refrigerator 53 257 475 
Stove 7 56 126 
Interior Lighting 
Screw‐in 5,757 14,262 14,623 
Linear Fluorescent 56 639 1,202 
Pin‐based 367 2,466 3,641 
Exterior Lighting 
Screw‐in 1,117 3,567 3,619 
High Intensity/Flood 8 43 56 
Electronics Personal Computers 389 3,151 5,418 
TVs 213 1,121 2,079 
Miscellaneous Pool Pump 61 559 1,372 
Furnace Fan 16 202 602 
Total 8,450 28,875 38,332 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 750
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–21 Residential Realistic Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures,
Idaho (MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas 72 2,299 14,668 
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas 56 2,041 13,812 
Advanced New Construction Designs 0 62 1,426 
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting 6 853 2,417 
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control 6 804 2,265 
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback 44 2,506 4,232 
Home Energy Management System 2 377 1,323 
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit 8 1,104 2,367 
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver 2 130 1,663 
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage 4 358 3,576 
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable 6 799 2,222 
Insulation ‐ Foundation 0 141 628 
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance 4 277 772 
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit 4 622 1,369 
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump  ‐ 12 334 
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators 4 293 702 
Insulation ‐ Ducting 0 49 188 
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation 15 794 1,238 
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity 0 85 369 
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation 0 24 167 
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit 2 281 698 
Insulation ‐ Ceiling 1 115 339 
Water Heater ‐ Timer 0 231 801 
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads 3 270 529 
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up  ‐  ‐  ‐ 
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation 0 21 112 
Pool ‐ Pump Timer 3 456 771 
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation 0 34 326 
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing 0 13 58 
Total 242 15,047 59,373 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 751
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-22 www.gepllc.com

Figure B–10 Energy Efficiency Potential Savings, C&I Sector, Idaho

Figure B–11 Energy Efficiency Potential Forecast, C&I Sector, Idaho

Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
En
e
r
g
y
 Sa
v
i
n
g
s
 ( % of
 Ba
s
e
l
i
n
e
 Fo
r
e
c
a
s
t
)
‐
500,000 
1,000,000 
1,500,000 
2,000,000 
2,500,000 
3,000,000 
3,500,000 
En
e
r
g
y
 Co
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
 (M
W
h
)
Baseline 
Realistic Achievable 
Maximum Achievable 
Economic 
Technical 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 752
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table B–22 Energy Efficiency Potential, C&I Sector, Idaho
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 2,217,188 2,383,504 2,551,291 2,748,846 2,970,324 
Baseline Peak 
Demand(MW) 329 354 380 411 446 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh)    
Realistic Achievable 8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482 
Maximum Achievable   19,485 224,938 463,136 584,124 686,488 
Economic 54,164 357,579 613,394 743,082 840,323 
Technical 66,880 445,051 781,143 957,050 1,067,757 
Cumulative Energy Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.4% 3.9% 9.0% 13.0% 16.3% 
Maximum Achievable   0.9% 9.4% 18.2% 21.2% 23.1% 
Economic 2.4% 15.0% 24.0% 27.0% 28.3% 
Technical 3.0% 18.7% 30.6% 34.8% 35.9% 
Peak Savings (MW)    
Realistic Achievable 1 14 31 48 64 
Maximum Achievable   3 33 60 74 86 
Economic 8 51 79 94 106 
Technical 10 64 103 127 141 
Peak Savings (% of Baseline)    
Realistic Achievable 0.4% 4.1% 8.3% 11.6% 14.3% 
Maximum Achievable   0.9% 9.2% 15.7% 17.9% 19.4% 
Economic 2.5% 14.3% 20.7% 22.9% 23.8% 
Technical 3.1% 18.1% 27.2% 30.8% 31.7% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 753
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-24 www.gepllc.com

Table B–23 C&I Sector, Baseline and Realistic Achievable Potential by Segment, Idaho
 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Baseline Forecast (MWh)    
Small/Med. Commercial  317,367 335,813 361,837 394,213 431,409 
Large Commercial  707,532 761,508 821,587 894,850 979,118 
Extra Large Commercial  72,013 83,305 90,387 98,291 106,847 
Extra Large Industrial  1,120,277 1,202,878 1,277,480 1,361,492 1,452,949 
Total  2,217,188 2,383,504 2,551,291 2,748,846 2,970,324 
Cumulative Energy Savings, Achievable Potential (MWh)    
Small/Med. Commercial  1,962 20,807 43,865 65,456 88,728 
Large Commercial  4,662 52,140 106,963 155,523 202,933 
Extra Large Commercial  609 6,178 13,050 19,166 24,274 
Extra Large Industrial  1,190 14,977 66,609 116,733 167,548 
Total  8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482 
% of Total C&I Cumulative Energy Savings 
Small/Med. Commercial  23.3% 22.1% 19.0% 18.3% 18.4% 
Large Commercial  55.4% 55.4% 46.4% 43.6% 42.0% 
Extra Large Commercial  7.2% 6.6% 5.7% 5.4% 5.0% 
Extra Large Industrial  14.1% 15.9% 28.9% 32.7% 34.7% 

Table B–24 C&I Potential by Segment, Idaho, 2022
Forecast Small/Med.
Commercial 
Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Industrial Total 
Baseline Forecast (MWh) 361,837 821,587 90,387 1,277,480 2,551,291 
Cumulative Energy Savings (MWh) 
Realistic Achievable 43,865 106,963 13,050 66,609 230,487 
Economic Potential  87,274 204,790 25,964 295,365 613,394 
Technical Potential 135,405 301,217 36,465 308,056 781,143 
Cumulative Energy Savings % of Baseline
Realistic Achievable 12% 13% 14% 5% 9% 
Economic Potential  24% 25% 29% 23% 24% 
Technical Potential 37% 37% 40% 24% 31% 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 754
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table B-25 C&I Cumulative Savings by End Use and Potential Type, Idaho (MWh)
End Use Case 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 
Cooling 
Realistic Achievable 78 5,923 21,250 33,605 47,275 
Economic 1,138 20,975 45,413 59,510 75,348 
Technical 2,968 36,760 76,374 95,858 113,212 
Space Heating 
Realistic Achievable 6 758 4,296 8,178 13,308 
Economic 133 3,983 11,757 17,084 24,436 
Technical 215 6,445 19,442 26,587 34,707 
Heat/Cool 
Realistic Achievable 16 1,271 2,302 2,778 3,432 
Economic 185 3,001 3,761 4,432 4,954 
Technical 260 3,540 4,747 5,741 6,445 
Ventilation 
Realistic Achievable 211 2,846 15,356 29,448 47,931 
Economic 3,528 26,446 69,343 93,958 107,124 
Technical 4,612 34,655 93,204 122,731 132,705 
Water Heating 
Realistic Achievable 25 1,545 3,227 3,742 4,068 
Economic 198 3,518 4,823 5,295 5,309 
Technical 4,444 32,290 58,774 82,998 91,291 
Food Preparation 
Realistic Achievable 72 868 2,449 4,745 7,111 
Economic 962 5,813 10,539 12,677 13,834 
Technical 1,043 6,341 11,660 14,033 15,375 
Refrigeration 
Realistic Achievable 62 631 2,054 3,943 5,850 
Economic 925 4,540 8,629 11,127 12,502 
Technical 1,091 5,996 13,223 17,139 19,437 
Interior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 5,851 55,282 110,129 160,780 203,673 
Economic 27,689 162,081 212,672 243,913 279,638 
Technical 30,318 177,750 239,322 274,804 311,478 
Exterior Lighting 
Realistic Achievable 526 7,858 15,569 19,409 23,034 
Economic 2,403 23,137 27,251 28,628 29,938 
Technical 2,701 25,247 30,174 34,115 38,276 
Office Equipment 
Realistic Achievable 862 8,854 14,582 19,189 23,952 
Economic 6,253 28,449 29,883 31,230 32,556 
Technical 8,238 38,728 41,183 43,665 46,239 
Machine Drive 
Realistic Achievable 382 6,612 33,312 56,917 77,212 
Economic 4,308 40,409 117,995 145,338 156,337 
Technical 4,341 40,906 119,993 147,502 158,642 
Process 
Realistic Achievable 328 1,590 5,541 13,154 24,996 
Economic 6,410 34,803 69,990 87,646 95,276 
Technical 6,410 34,803 69,990 87,646 95,276 
Miscellaneous 
Realistic Achievable 2 62 419 989 1,641 
Economic 33 426 1,336 2,245 3,070 
Technical 239 1,591 3,058 4,230 4,673 
Total 
Realistic Achievable 8,423 94,102 230,487 356,878 483,482 
Economic 54,164 357,579 613,394 743,082 840,323 
Technical 66,880 445,051 781,143 957,050 1,067,757 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 755
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-26 www.gepllc.com

Figure B-12 C&I Achievable Potential by End Use, Selected Years, Idaho

Table B-26 C&I Realistic Achievable Potential by End Use Market Segment, 2022,
Idaho (MWh)
 Small/Med. 
Commercial 
Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Commercial 
Extra Large 
Industrial Total 
Cooling 2,805 8,283 1,032 9,129 21,250
Space Heating 338 2,110 305 1,544 4,296
Combined 
Heating/Cooling 249 1,666 119 267 2,302 
Ventilation 4,489 1,846 1,131 7,890 15,356
Water Heating 952 1,851 424 ‐ 3,227
Food Preparation 538 1,748 163 ‐ 2,449
Refrigeration 572 1,382 100 ‐ 2,054
Interior Lighting 25,426 68,834 7,612 8,256 110,129
Exterior Lighting 4,866 8,723 1,312 669 15,569
Office Equipment 3,482 10,274 825 ‐ 14,582
Machine Drive  ‐  ‐ ‐33,312 33,312
Process  ‐  ‐ ‐5,541 5,541
Miscellaneous 146 246 26 ‐ 419
Total 43,865 106,963 13,050 66,609 230,487

‐100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 
2012
2017
2022
2027
2032
Cooling
Space Heating
Heat/cool
Ventilation
Water Heating
Food Preparation
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous
Machine Drive
Process
Cumulative Savings(MWh)
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 756
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table B-27 C&I Cumulative Achievable Potential by End Use and Equipment Measures,
Washington (MWh)
End Use Technology 2012 2017 2022 
Cooling Central Chiller 29 304 1,225 
PTAC 2 2 2 
Heat/Cool Heat Pump 7 128 376 
Ventilation Ventilation 196 2,023 7,393 
Water Heater Water Heater 14 111 109 
Food Preparation  
Fryer 4 46 121 
Hot Food Container 9 102 274 
Oven 60 708 1,884 
Refrigeration 
Glass Door Display 11 155 440 
Icemaker 8 108 317 
Solid Door Refrigerator 14 165 438 
Vending Machine 27 152 371 
Walk in Refriger’n 0 5 13 
Interior Lighting 
Interior Screw‐in 3,326 21,132 32,157 
HID 1,014 9,151 18,439 
Linear Fluorescent 1,450 17,918 35,222 
Exterior Lighting 
Screw‐in 76 1,138 1,977 
HID 403 5,269 10,440 
Linear Fluorescent 42 758 1,287 
Office Equipment 
Desktop Computer 490 4,569 7,322 
Laptop Computer 35 331 530 
Monitor 106 383 662 
POS Terminal 14 196 359 
Printer/copier/fax 44 564 1,025 
Server 169 2,412 3,889 
Machine Drive 
Less than 5 HP 21 144 383 
5‐24 HP 46 324 887 
25‐99 HP 114 808 2,209 
100‐249 HP 32 227 622 
250‐499 HP 34 242 661 
500 and more HP 64 456 1,247 
Process 
Electrochem. Process 46 220 719 
Process Cooling/Refrig. 62 294 961 
Process Heating 220 1,048 3,426 
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor 2 25 181 
Total 8,194 71,620 137,570 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 757
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results

B-28 www.gepllc.com

Table B-28 C&I Cumulative Achievable Savings for Non-equipment Measures, Idaho
(MWh)
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Energy Management System 13 819 8,607 
Advanced New Construction Designs 0 36 557 
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting 20 4,122 7,640 
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures 8 475 4,877 
Pumping System ‐ Optimization 11 507 4,907 
Compressed Air ‐ System Optimization and Improvements 11 506 4,837 
Custom Measures 2 296 4,148 
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control 7 335 3,189 
Compressed Air ‐ System Controls 7 355 3,457 
RTU ‐ Maintenance 24 3,277 6,364 
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors 6 346 3,463 
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive 12 2,552 4,572 
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC 3 323 3,038 
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive 11 1,338 2,707 
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control 5 241 2,289 
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives 5 221 2,171 
Compressed Air ‐ Compressor Replacement 4 203 1,982 
Pumping System ‐ Controls 4 202 1,942 
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor 3 167 1,764 
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts 0 22 193 
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors 7 249 1,949 
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles 9 1,306 2,692 
Chiller ‐ VSD 2 127 1,257 
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors 6 222 1,622 
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity 1 21 165 
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive 0 123 805 
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temperature Reset 3 196 1,839 
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance 9 1,143 1,925 
Compressed Air ‐ System Maintenance 13 717 1,198 
Pumping System ‐ Maintenance  ‐ 43 606 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls 2 70 562 
Insulation ‐ Ducting 1 93 778 
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset 2 403 705 
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable 2 304 595 
Commissioning ‐ Lighting 0 94 314 
Office Equipment ‐ ENERGY STAR Power Supply 3 399 795 
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control 0 6 56 
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization 0 15 229 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 758
Idaho Market Profiles, Baseline Forecast, and Potential Results
Global Energy Partners B-29
An EnerNOC Company
Measure 2012 2017 2022 
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas 1 35 229 
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump 0 16 211 
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls 0 10 160 
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation 1 42 378 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps 0 10 140 
Insulation ‐ Ceiling 0 1 13 
Industrial Process Improvements 0 11 127 
LED Exit Lighting 9 319 358 
Commissioning ‐ HVAC  ‐ ‐ 4 
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation 2 111 195 
Miscellaneous ‐ ENERGY STAR Water Cooler 0 20 58 
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance 0 3 46 
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure 0 4 46 
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity 0 2 31 
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain  ‐ 0 14 
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer 0 3 35 
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver  ‐ ‐ 1 
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump 0 2 19 
Vending Machine ‐ Controller 0 13 22 
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System 0 2 19 
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting 0 1 8 
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers 0 0 4 
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer 0 3 5 
Total 228 22,482 92,917 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 759
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 760

Global Energy Partners C-1
An EnerNOC Company

APPENDIX C
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA
This appendix presents detailed information for all residential energy efficiency equipment and
measures that were evaluated in LoadMAP. Several sets of tables are provided.
Table C-1 provides brief descriptions for all equipment and measures that were assessed for
potenital.
Tables C-2 through C-9 list the detailed unit-level data for the equipment measures for each of
the housing type segments — single family, multi-family, mobile home, and limited income —
and for existing and new construction, respectively. Savings are in kWh/yr/household, and
incremental costs are in $/household, unless noted otherwise. The B/C ratio is zero if the
measure represents the baseline technology or if the technology is not available in the first year
of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast
and is available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Tables C-10 through C-17 list the detailed unit-level data for the non-equipment energy
efficiency measures for each of the housing type segments and for existing and new
construction, respectively. Because these measures can produce energy-use savings for multiple
end-use loads (e.g., insulation affects heating and cooling energy use) savings are expressed as
a percentage of the end-use loads. Base saturation indicates the percentage of homes in which
the measure is already installed. Applicability/Feasibility is the product of two factors that
account for whether the measure is applicable to the building. Cost is expressed in $/household.
The detailed measure-level tables present the results of the benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for the
first year of the forecast. The B/C ratio is zero if the measure represents the baseline technology
or if the measure is not available in the first year of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is
calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast and is available once the technology or
measure becomes available.
Note that Tables C-2 through C-17 present information for Washington. For Idaho, savings and
B/C ratios may be slightly different due to weather-related usage, differences in the states’
market profiles, and different retail electricity prices. Although Idaho-specific values are not
presented here, they are available within the LoadMAP files.

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 761
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-2 www.gepllc.com

Table C–1 Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Cooling Air Conditioner — 
Central (CAC) 
Central air conditioners consist of a refrigeration system using a direct 
expansion cycle. Equipment includes a compressor, an air‐cooled condenser 
(located outdoors), an expansion valve, and an evaporator coil. A supply fan 
near the evaporator coil distributes supply air through air ducts to the building. 
Cooling efficiencies vary based on materials used, equipment size, condenser 
type, and system configuration. CACs may be unitary (all components housed 
in a factory‐built assembly) or split system (an outdoor condenser section and 
an indoor evaporator section connected by refrigerant lines and with the 
compressor either indoors or outdoors). Energy efficiency is rated according to 
the size of the unit using the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER). Systems 
with Variable Refrigerant Flow further improve the operating efficiency. A 
high‐efficiency option for a ductless mini‐split system was also analyzed.  
Cooling Central Air 
Conditioner, Early 
Replacement 
CAC systems currently on the market are significantly more efficient that older 
units, due to technology improvement and stricter appliance standards. This 
measure incents homeowners to replace an aging but still working unit with a 
new, higher‐efficiency one. 
Cooling Central Air 
Conditioner 
Maintenance and 
Tune Up 
An air conditioner's filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and 
maintenance for the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its 
life. Neglecting necessary maintenance leads to a steady decline in 
performance, requiring the AC unit to use more energy for the same cooling 
load.  
Cooling Air Conditioner ‐ 
Room, ENERGY STAR 
or better 
Room air conditioners are designed to cool a single room or space. They 
incorporate a complete air‐cooled refrigeration and air‐handling system in an 
individual package. Room air conditioners come in several forms, including 
window, split‐type, and packaged terminal units. Energy efficiency is rated 
according to the size of the unit using the Energy Efficiency Rating (EER).  
Cooling Room AC — Removal 
of Second Unit 
Homeowners may have a second room AC unit that is extremely inefficient. 
This measure incents homeowners to recycle the second unit and thus also 
eliminates associated electricity use. 
Cooling Attic Fan 

Attic Fan, 
Photovoltaic 
Attic fans can reduce the need for AC by reducing heat transfer from the attic 
through the ceiling of the house. A well‐ventilated attic can be several degrees 
cooler than a comparable, unventilated attic. An option for an attic fan 
equipped with a small solar photovoltaic generator was also modeled. 
Cooling Ceiling Fan Ceiling fans can reduce the need for air conditioning. However, the house 
occupants must also select a ceiling fan with a high‐efficiency motor and either 
shutoff the AC system or setup the thermostat temperature of the air 
conditioning system to realize the potential energy savings. Some ceiling fans 
also come with lamps. In this analysis, it is assumed that there are no lamps, 
and installing a ceiling fan will allow occupants to increase the thermostat 
cooling setpoint up by 2°F. 
Cooling Whole‐House Fan Whole‐house fans can reduce the need for AC on moderate‐weather days or 
on cool evenings. The fan facilitates a quick air change throughout the entire 
house. Several windows must be open to achieve the best results. The fan is 
mounted on the top floor of the house, usually in a hallway ceiling. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 762
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-3
An EnerNOC Company
End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Space Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric furnace with a 
gas‐fired furnace. This measure will eliminate all electricity consumption and 
demand due to electric space heating. In this study, it is assumed that this 
measure can be implemented only in homes within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Heat/Cool Air Source Heat 
Pump 
A central heat pump consists of components similar to a CAC system, but is 
usually designed to function both as a heat pump and an air conditioner. It 
consists of a refrigeration system using a direct expansion (DX) cycle. 
Equipment includes a compressor, an air‐cooled condenser (located outdoors), 
an expansion valve, and an evaporator coil (located in the supply air duct near 
the supply fan) and a reversing valve to change the DX cycle from cooling to 
heating when required. The cooling and heating efficiencies vary based on the 
materials used, equipment size, condenser type, and system configuration. 
Heat pumps may be unitary (all components housed in a factory‐built 
assembly) or a split system (an outdoor condenser section and an indoor 
evaporator section connected by refrigerant lines, with either outdoors or 
indoors. A high‐efficiency option for a ductless mini‐split system was also 
analyzed. 
Heat / Cool Geothermal Heat 
Pump 
Geothermal heat pumps are similar to air‐source heat pumps, but use the 
ground or groundwater instead of outside air to provide a heat source/sink. A 
geothermal heat pump system generally consists of three major subsystems or 
parts: a geothermal heat pump to move heat between the building and the 
fluid in the earth connection, an earth connection for transferring heat 
between the fluid and the earth, and a distribution subsystem for delivering 
heating or cooling to the building. The system may also have a desuperheater 
to supplement the building's water heater, or a full‐demand water heater to 
meet all of the building's hot water needs.  
Heat / Cool Air Source Heat 
Pump Maintenance 
A heat pump's filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and maintenance 
for the unit to function effectively and efficiently throughout its life. Neglecting 
necessary maintenance ensures a steady decline in performance while energy 
use steadily increases.  
HVAC (all) Insulation – Ducting Air distribution ducts can be insulated to reduce heating or cooling losses. Best 
results can be achieved by covering the entire surface area with insulation. 
Several types of ducts and duct insulation are available, including flexible duct, 
pre‐insulated duct, duct board, duct wrap, tacked, or glued rigid insulation, and 
waterproof hard shell materials for exterior ducts.  This analysis assumes that 
installing duct insulation can reduce the temperature drop/gain in ducts by 
50%. 
HVAC (all) Repair and Sealing –
Ducting 
An ideal duct system would be free of leaks. Leakage in unsealed ducts varies 
considerably because of differences in fabricating machinery used, methods 
for assembly, installation workmanship, and age of the ductwork. Air leaks 
from the system to the outdoors result in a direct loss proportional to the 
amount of leakage and the difference in enthalpy between the outdoor air and 
the conditioned air. This analysis assumes that over time air loss from ducts 
has doubled, and conducting repair and sealing of the ducts will restore 
leakage from ducts to the original baseline level. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 763
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-4 www.gepllc.com

End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
HVAC (all) Thermostat — 
Clock/Programmable 

A programmable thermostat can be added to most heating/cooling systems.  
They are typically used during winter to lower temperatures at night and in 
summer to increase temperatures during the afternoon. The energy savings 
from this type of thermostat are identical to those of a "setback" strategy with 
standard thermostats, but the convenience of a programmable thermostat 
makes it a much more attractive option.  In this analysis, the baseline is 
assumed to have no thermostat setback. 
HVAC (all) Doors — Storm and 
Thermal 
Like other components of the shell, doors are subject to several types of heat 
loss: conduction, infiltration, and radiant losses. Similar to a storm window, a 
storm door creates an insulating air space between the storm and primary 
doors. A tight fitting storm door can also help reduce air leakage or infiltration.  
Thermal doors have exceptional thermal insulation properties and also are 
provided with weather‐stripping on the doorframe to reduce air leakage. 
HVAC (all) Insulation — 
Infiltration Control 

Lowering the air infiltration rate by caulking small leaks and weather‐stripping 
around window frames, doorframes, power outlets, plumbing, and wall 
corners can provide significant energy savings. Weather‐stripping doors and 
windows will create a tight seal and further reduce air infiltration.  
HVAC (all) Insulation —Ceiling Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are used to 
inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and radiative 
transfer modes. Thus, thermal insulation above ceilings can conserve energy by 
reducing the heat loss or gain into attics and/or through roofs. The type of 
building construction defines insulating possibilities. Typical insulating 
materials include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose, loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass, and 
rigid polystyrene. 
HVAC (all) Insulation — Radiant 
Barrier 
Radiant barriers are materials installed to reduce the heat gain in buildings. 
Radiant barriers are made from materials that are highly reflective and have 
low emissivity like aluminum. The closer the emissivity is to 0 the better they 
will perform.  Radiant barriers can be placed above the insulation or on the 
roof rafters.   
HVAC (all) Insulation — 
Foundation  
Insulation  — Wall 
Cavity 
Insulation  — Wall 
Sheathing 
Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are used to 
inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and radiative 
transfer modes. Thus, thermal insulation can conserve energy by reducing heat 
loss or gain from a building. The type of building construction defines insulating 
possibilities. Typical insulating materials include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose, 
loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass, and rigid polystyrene. Foundation, insulation, wall 
cavity insulation, and wall sheathing were modeled for new construction / 
major retrofits only. 
Cooling Roof — High 
Reflectivity 
The color and material of a building structure surface determine the amount of 
solar radiation absorbed by that surface and subsequently transferred into a 
building. This is called solar absorptance. Using a roofing material with low 
solar absorptance or painting the roof a light color reduces the cooling load.  
This analysis assumes that implementing high reflectivity roofs will decrease 
the roof’s absorptance of solar radiation by 45%. 
Cooling Windows — 
Reflective Film 
Reflective films applied to the window interior help reduce solar gain into the 
space and thus lower cooling energy use. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 764
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-5
An EnerNOC Company
End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
HVAC (all) Windows — High 
Efficiency / ENERGY 
STAR 
High‐efficiency windows, such as those labeled under the ENERGY STAR 
Program, are designed to reduce energy use and increase occupant comfort.  
High‐efficiency windows reduce the amount of heat transfer through the 
glazing surface. For example, some windows have a low‐E coating, a thin film 
of metallic oxide coating on the glass surface that allows passage of short‐wave 
solar energy through glass and prevents long‐wave energy from escaping. 
Another example is double‐pane glass that reduces conductive and convective 
heat transfer.  Some double‐pane windows are gas‐filled (usually argon) to 
further increase the insulating properties of the window. 
Water Heating Water Heater ‐ 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
For electric hot water heating, the most common type is a storage heater, 
which incorporates an electric heating element, storage tank, outer jacket, 
insulation, and controls in a single unit. Efficient units are characterized by a 
high recovery or thermal efficiency and low standby losses (the ratio of heat 
lost per hour to the content of the stored water). Electric instantaneous water 
heaters are available, but are excluded from this study due to potentially high 
instantaneous demand concerns. 
Water Heating Water Heater, Heat 
Pump 
An electric heat pump water heater (HPWH) uses a vapor‐compression 
thermodynamic cycle similar to that found in an air‐conditioner or refrigerator. 
Electrical work input allows a heat pump water heater to extract heat from an 
available source (e.g., air) and reject that heat to a higher temperature sink, in 
this case, the water in the water heater. Because a HPWH makes use of 
available ambient heat, the coefficient of performance is greater than one —
typically in the range of 2 to 3. These devices are available as an alternative to 
conventional tank water heaters of 55 gallons or larger. By utilizing the earth as 
a thermal reservoir, ground source HPWH systems can reach even higher levels 
of efficiency. The heat pump can be integrated with a traditional water storage 
tank or installed remote to the storage tank.  
Water Heating Water Heating, Solar Solar water heating systems can be used in residential buildings that have an 
appropriate near‐south‐facing roof or nearby unshaded grounds for installing a 
collector. Although system types vary, in general these systems use a solar 
absorber surface within a solar collector or an actual storage tank. Either a 
heat‐transfer fluid or the actual potable water flows through tubes attached to 
the absorber and transfers heat from it. (Systems with a separate heat‐
transfer‐fluid loop include a heat exchanger that then heats the potable 
water.) The heated water is stored in a separate preheat tank or a 
conventional water heater tank. If additional heat is needed, it is provided by a 
conventional water‐heating system. 
Water Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric water heater with 
a gas‐fired water heater. This measure will eliminate all electricity consumption 
and demand due to electric water heating.  In this study, it is assumed that this 
measure can be implemented only in home within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Water Heating Faucet Aerators Water faucet aerators are threaded screens that attach to existing faucets. 
They reduce the volume of water coming out of faucets while introducing air 
into the water stream. This measure provides energy saving by reducing hot 
water use, as well as water conservation for both hot and cold water. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 765
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-6 www.gepllc.com

End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Water Heating Pipe Insulation Insulating hot water pipes decreases energy losses from piping that distributes 
hot water throughout the building. I also results in quicker delivery of hot 
water and may allow lower the hot water set point, which saves energy. The 
most common insulation materials for this purpose are polyethylene and 
neoprene.       
Water Heating Low‐Flow 
Showerheads 
Similar to faucet aerators, low‐flow showerheads reduce the consumption of 
hot water, which in turn decreases water heating energy use.   
Water Heating Tank Blanket Insulating hot water tanks decreases standby energy losses from the tank. Pre‐
fitted insulating blankets are readily available. 
Water Heating Thermostat Setback 
/ Timer 
These measures use either a programmable thermostat or a timer to adjust the 
water heater setpoint at times of low usage, typically when a home is 
unoccupied. 
Water Heating Hot Water Saver A hot water saver is a plumbing device that attaches to the showerhead and 
that pauses the flow of water until the water is hot enough for use. The water 
is re‐started by the flip of a switch. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting  
Infrared Halogen 
Lamps 
Infrared halogen lamps are designed to be a replacement for standards 
incandescent lamps. Also referred to as advanced incandescent lamps, these 
products meet the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) lighting 
standards and are phased in as the baseline technology screw‐in lamp 
technology to reflect the timeline over which the EISA lighting standards take 
effect. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting 
Compact Fluorescent 
Lamps 
Compact fluorescent lamps are designed to be a replacement for standard 
incandescent lamps and use about 25% of the energy used by standard 
incandescent lamps to produce the same lumen output. The can use either 
electronic or magnetic ballasts. Integral compact fluorescent lamps have the 
ballast integrated into the base of the lamp and have a standard screw‐in base 
that permits installation into existing incandescent fixtures. 
Interior Lighting 
/ Exterior 
Lighting 
Solid State Lighting, 
LEDs (Screw‐in and 
linear) 
Light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting has seen recent penetration in specific 
applications such as traffic lights and exit signs. With the potential for 
extremely high efficiency, LEDs show promise to provide general‐use lighting 
for interior spaces. Current models commercially available have efficacies 
comparable to CFLs. However, theoretical efficiencies are significantly higher. 
LED models under development are expected to provide improved efficacies. 
Interior Lighting Fluorescent, T8, 
Super T8, and T5 
Lamps and Electronic 
Ballasts 
T8 fluorescent lamps are smaller in diameter than standard T12 lamps, 
resulting in greater light output per watt. T8 lamps also operate at a lower 
current and wattage, which increases the efficiency of the ballast but requires 
the lamps to be compatible with the ballast. Fluorescent lamp fixtures can 
include a reflector that increases the light output from the fixture, and thus 
make it possible to use a fewer number of lamps in each fixture. T5 lamps 
further increase efficiency by reducing the lamp diameter to 5/8”. 
Exterior Lighting Metal Halide and 
High Pressure 
Sodium 
These lamps technologies can provide slightly higher efficiencies than CFLs in 
exterior applications. 
Interior Lighting Occupancy Sensors Occupancy sensors turn lights off when a space is unoccupied. They are 
appropriate for areas with intermittent use, such as bathrooms or storage 
areas.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 766
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-7
An EnerNOC Company
End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Exterior Lighting Photovoltaic 
Installation 
Solar photovoltaic generation may be used to power exterior lighting and thus 
eliminate all or part of the electrical energy use.  
Exterior Lighting Photosensor Control Photosensor controls turn exterior lighting on or off based on ambient lighting 
levels. Compared with manual operation, this can reduce the operation of 
exterior lighting during daylight hours.  
Exterior Lighting Timeclock 
Installation 
Lighting timers turn exterior lighting on or off based on a preset schedule. 
Compared with manual operation, this can reduce the operation of exterior 
lighting during daylight hours. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
Energy‐efficient refrigerators/freezers incorporate features such as improved 
cabinet insulation, more efficient compressors and evaporator fans, defrost 
controls, mullion heaters, oversized condenser coils, and improved door seals.  
Further efficiency increases can be obtained by reducing the volume of 
refrigerated space, or adding multiple compartments to reduce losses from 
opening doors. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer 
—  
Early Replacement  
Refrigerators/freezers currently on the market are significantly more efficient 
that older units, due to technology improvement and stricter appliance 
standards. This measure incents homeowners to replace an aging but still 
working unit with a new, higher‐efficiency one. 
Appliances Refrigerator/Freezer 
—  
Remove Second Unit 
Homeowners may have a second refrigerator or freezer that is not used to full 
capacity and that, because of its age, is extremely inefficient. This measure 
incents homeowners to recycle the second unit and thus also eliminates 
associated electricity use. 
Appliances Dishwasher, ENERGY 
STAR or better 
ENERGY STAR labeled dishwashers save by using both improved technology for 
the primary wash cycle, and by using less hot water. Construction includes 
more effective washing action, energy‐efficient motors, and other advanced 
technology such as sensors that determine the length of the wash cycle and 
the temperature of the water necessary to clean the dishes.  
Appliances Clothes Washer, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
ENERGY STAR labeled clothes washers use superior designs that require less 
water. Sensors match the hot water needs to the size and soil level of the load, 
preventing energy waste. Further energy and water savings can be achieved 
through advanced technologies such as inverter‐drive or combination washer‐
dryer units. 
Appliances Clothes Dryer – 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
An energy‐efficient clothes dryer has a moisture‐sensing device to terminate 
the drying cycle rather than using a timer, and an energy‐efficient motor is 
used for spinning the dryer tub. Application of a heat pump cycle for extracting 
the moisture from clothes leads to additional energy savings. 
Appliances Range and Oven – 
Electric, High 
Efficiency 
These products have additional insulation in the oven compartment and 
tighter‐fitting oven door gaskets and hinges to save energy. Conventional 
ovens must first heat up about 35 pounds of steel and a large amount of air 
before they heat up the food. Tests indicate that only 6% of the energy output 
of a typical oven is actually absorbed by the food.  
Electronics Color TVs and Home 
Electronics, ENERGY 
STAR or better 
In the average home, electronic products consumed significant energy, even 
when they are turn off, to maintain features like clocks, remote control, and 
channel/station memory. ENERGY STAR labeled consumer electronics can 
drastically reduce consumption during standby mode, in addition to saving 
energy through advanced power management during normal use.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 767
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-8 www.gepllc.com

End‐Use 
Equipment/ 
Measure Description 
Electronics Personal Computers, 
ENERGY STAR or 
better 
Improved power management can significantly reduce the annual energy 
consumption of PCs and monitors in both standby and normal operation. 
ENERGY STAR and Climate Savers labeled products provide increasing level of 
energy efficiency. 
Electronics Reduce Standby 
Wattage 
Representing a growing portion of home electricity consumption, plug‐in 
electronics such as set‐top boxes, DVD players, gaming systems, digital video 
recorders, and even battery chargers for mobile phones and laptop computers 
are often designed to supply a set voltage. When the units are not in use, this 
voltage could be dropped significantly (~1 W) and thereby generate a 
significant energy savings, assumed for this analysis to be between 4‐5% on 
average. These savings are in excess of the measures already discussed for 
computers and televisions.  
Misc. Furnace Fans, 
Electronically 
Commutating Motor 
In homes heated by a furnace, there is still substantial energy use by the fan 
responsible for moving the hot air throughout the ductwork.  Application of an 
Electronically Commutating Motor (ECM) ensures that motor speed matches 
the heating requirements of the system and saves energy when compared to a 
continuously operating standard motor. 
Miscellaneous Pool Pump  High‐efficiency motors and two‐speed pumps provide improved energy 
efficiency for this load.  
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Timer A pool pump timer allows the pump to turn off automatically, eliminating the 
wasted energy associated with unnecessary pumping.   
Miscellaneous Trees for Shading Planting of shade trees, suitable to the local climate, can reduce the need for 
air conditioning and provide non‐energy benefits as well.  
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Home Energy 
Management System 
A centralized home energy management system can be used to control and 
schedule cooling, space heating, lighting, and possibly appliances as well. Some 
designs also allow the homeowner to remotely control loads via the Internet. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating  
Solar Photovoltaic Adding a solar photovoltaic (PV) system to the home can meet a portion of the 
home’s electric load and in some cases nearly the entire load, depending on 
the PV system size, orientation, solar resource, and other factors. For this 
analysis, we assume a grid‐connected system and apply the electricity savings 
to the home’s cooling and space heating loads. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Advanced New 
Construction Designs 
Advanced new construction designs use an integrated approach to the design 
of new buildings to account for the interaction of building systems. Typically, 
designs specify the building orientation, building shell, building mechanical 
systems, and controls strategies with the goal of optimizing building energy 
efficiency and comfort. Options that may be evaluated and incorporated 
include passive solar strategies, increased thermal mass, natural ventilation, 
daylighting strategies, and shading strategies, This measure was modeled for 
new construction only. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
ENERGY STAR Homes 

This measure was modeled for new construction only. 
Cooling / Space 
Heating / 
Interior Lighting 
Energy‐Efficient 
Manufactured 
Homes 
This measure was modeled for new construction only. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 768
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Single Family, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)134               $278 15 0.41          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)184               $556 15 0.28          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)226               $834 15 0.23          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 405               $4,399 20 0.14          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                  $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)62                  $104 10 0.33          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 73                  $282 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 99                  $626 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star) 492               $1,000 15 0.43          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2) 675               $2,318 15 0.26          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3) 829               $3,505 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,486            $5,655 20 0.45          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                  $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 516               $1,500 14 0.28          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                  $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 173               $41 15 5.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2,269            $6,586 15 0.47          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2,493            $5,653 15 0.60          
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 14.44       
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.90          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                  $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based Halogen ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 22.43       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.89          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                  $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                  $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)45                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 88                  $487 10 0.16          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 98                  $48 13 2.39          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                  $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 41                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)53                  $1 9 31.05       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108               $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144               $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230               $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 769
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-10 www.gepllc.com

Table C-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Single Family, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                  $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 114               $32 11 3.03          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)152               $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)243               $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 111               $89 13 1.31          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)148               $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)237               $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                  $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 9                    $2 13 7.00          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 46                  $1,432 13 0.05          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                  $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 108               $1 5 35.63       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 154               $175 5 0.35          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                  $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 87                  $1 11 133.21     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                  $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 138               $85 15 1.96          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 551               $579 15 1.15          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                  $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 127               $1 18 281.65     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                  $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 770
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-11
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)67                  $93 15 0.62          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)133                $185 15 0.61          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)187                $278 15 0.57          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 245                $2,012 20 0.19          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)32                  $52 10 0.35          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 38                  $141 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 52                  $313 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)238                $1,246 15 0.17          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)467                $2,315 15 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)659                $3,277 15 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 862                $5,022 20 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 248                $1,500 14 0.14          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 107                $41 15 3.61          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,539            $5,653 15 0.38          
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 10.47       
Interior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.65          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting* Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 32.52       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.29          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)23                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 44                  $487 10 0.08          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 93                  $48 13 2.28          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 15                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)19                  $1 9 11.14       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 92                  $89 13 1.09          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)123                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)196                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 771
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-12 www.gepllc.com

Table C-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data—Multi Family, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 108                $32 11 2.88          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)145                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)231                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 93                  $89 13 1.11          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)124                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)199                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 4                    $2 13 2.99          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 20                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 86                  $1 5 29.28       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 123                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 43                  $1 11 67.65       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump ‐                   $85 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump ‐                   $579 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 10                  $1 18 21.87       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 772
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-13
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)80                  $278 15 0.24          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)110                $556 15 0.17          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)134                $834 15 0.14          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 241                $4,399 20 0.08          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)37                  $52 10 0.40          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 44                  $141 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 59                  $313 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)282                $1,246 15 0.20          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)387                $2,315 15 0.15          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)475                $3,277 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 852                $5,022 20 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 295                $1,500 14 0.16          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95)88                  $41 15 2.95          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,271            $5,653 15 0.31          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.00       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.81          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.04          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.64          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.13          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.70          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 20.19       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.80          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 6.66          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 3.63          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 8.23          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.74          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)46                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 89                  $487 10 0.16          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 99                  $48 13 2.43          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 41                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)54                  $1 9 31.57       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 110                $89 13 1.30          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)146                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)234                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 773
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-14 www.gepllc.com

Table C-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 116                $32 11 3.08          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)155                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)248                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 113                $89 13 1.34          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)150                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)241                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 8                    $2 13 6.30          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 41                  $1,432 13 0.04          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 101                $1 5 33.39       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 144                $175 5 0.33          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 87                  $1 11 133.21     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 138                $85 15 1.96          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 551                $579 15 1.15          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 127                $1 18 281.65     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 774
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-15
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)76                  $185 15 0.35          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)104                $370 15 0.24          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)127                $556 15 0.19          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 229                $2,394 20 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)65                  $104 10 0.35          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 77                  $282 10 0.15          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 104                $626 10 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)192                $1,246 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)263                $2,315 15 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)323                $3,277 15 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 579                $5,022 20 0.18          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 201                $1,500 14 0.11          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 116                $41 15 3.94          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,679            $5,653 15 0.41          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.85       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.86          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 32.52       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.29          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)20                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 38                  $487 10 0.07          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 104                $48 13 2.56          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 12                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)15                  $1 9 9.07          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 92                  $89 13 1.09          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)123                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)196                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 775
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-16 www.gepllc.com

Table C-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 108                $32 11 2.88          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)145                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)231                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 93                  $89 13 1.11          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)124                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)199                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 5                    $2 13 3.59          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 24                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 89                  $1 5 30.10       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 127                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 49                  $1 11 77.80       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 57                  $85 15 0.83          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 226                $579 15 0.49          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 54                  $1 18 123.18     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 776
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data —Single Family, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)180                $278 15 0.55          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)240                $556 15 0.36          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)290                $834 15 0.29          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 543                $4,399 20 0.19          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)76                  $104 10 0.41          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 90                  $282 10 0.18          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 122                $626 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)588                $1,000 15 0.51          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)783                $2,318 15 0.30          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)946                $3,505 15 0.24          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,775            $5,655 20 0.54          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 630                $1,500 14 0.35          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 219                $41 15 7.35          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2,878            $6,586 15 0.60          
Interior Lighting*Water Heater Solar 3,163            $5,653 15 0.77          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 14.05       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.87          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting* Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 21.82       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.87          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)58                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 112                $487 10 0.21          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 117                $48 13 2.86          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 47                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)62                  $1 9 36.25       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 102                $89 13 1.20          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)135                $0 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 777
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-18 www.gepllc.com

Table C-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data —Single Family, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)217                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 116                $32 11 3.08          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)155                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)248                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 116                $89 13 1.37          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)154                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)247                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 11                  $2 13 8.51          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 56                  $1,432 13 0.06          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 111                $1 5 36.63       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 158                $175 5 0.36          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 96                  $1 11 148.53     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 156                $85 15 2.22          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 623                $579 15 1.30          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 155                $1 18 345.87     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 778
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-19
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)85                  $93 15 0.78          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)166                $185 15 0.76          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)234                $278 15 0.71          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 308                $2,012 20 0.24          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)37                  $52 10 0.39          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 43                  $141 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 59                  $313 10 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)292                $1,246 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)571                $2,315 15 0.22          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)804                $3,277 15 0.21          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1,058            $5,022 20 0.33          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 282                $1,500 14 0.15          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 124                $41 15 4.19          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,786            $5,653 15 0.44          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 10.18       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.63          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 31.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.26          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)26                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 51                  $487 10 0.09          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 105                $48 13 2.56          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 16                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)21                  $1 9 12.38       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108                $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 779
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-20 www.gepllc.com

Table C-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Multi Family, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 115                $32 11 3.06          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)154                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)246                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 103                $89 13 1.21          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)137                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)219                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 4                    $2 13 3.31          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 22                  $1,432 13 0.02          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 88                  $1 5 29.69       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 125                $175 5 0.29          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 45                  $1 11 71.54       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump ‐                   $85 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump ‐                   $579 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 11                  $1 18 24.36       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 780
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)100                $278 15 0.30          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)133                $556 15 0.20          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)161                $834 15 0.16          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 301                $4,399 20 0.11          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)42                  $52 10 0.45          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 50                  $141 10 0.20          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 67                  $313 10 0.12          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)313                $1,246 15 0.22          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)417                $2,315 15 0.16          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)505                $3,277 15 0.13          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 946                $5,022 20 0.30          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 336                $1,500 14 0.18          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 102                $41 15 3.42          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,474            $5,653 15 0.36          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 12.64       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.79          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.04          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.64          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.13          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.70          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 19.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 0.78          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 6.66          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 3.63          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 8.23          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.74          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)54                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 104                $487 10 0.19          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 111                $48 13 2.73          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 46                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)60                  $1 9 35.11       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 129                $89 13 1.52          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)172                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)275                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 781
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-22 www.gepllc.com

Table C-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage (cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 124                $32 11 3.28          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)165                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)263                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 124                $89 13 1.47          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)165                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)264                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 9                    $2 13 6.98          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 46                  $1,432 13 0.05          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 103                $1 5 33.86       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 146                $175 5 0.33          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 91                  $1 11 140.87     
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 154                $85 15 2.20          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 617                $579 15 1.29          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 141                $1 18 313.76     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 782
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, New Vintage

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost (/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central AC SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Cooling Central AC SEER 14 (Energy Star)95                  $185 15 0.43          
Cooling Central AC SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)126                $370 15 0.29          
Cooling Central AC SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)152                $556 15 0.23          
Cooling Central AC Ductless Mini‐Split System 286                $2,394 20 0.18          
Cooling Room AC EER 9.8 ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Cooling Room AC EER 10.8 (Energy Star)74                  $104 10 0.40          
Cooling Room AC EER 11 87                  $282 10 0.17          
Cooling Room AC EER 11.5 118                $626 10 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 13 ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 14 (Energy Star)213                $1,246 15 0.15          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 15 (CEE Tier 2)284                $2,315 15 0.11          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump SEER 16 (CEE Tier 3)343                $3,277 15 0.09          
Combined Heating/Cooling Air Source Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 643                $5,022 20 0.20          
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump Standard ‐                   $0 14 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Geothermal Heat Pump High Efficiency 228                $1,500 14 0.13          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Electric Resistance ‐                   $0 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Furnace 3400 BTU/KW ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Space Heating Supplemental Supplemental ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 135                $41 15 4.57          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1,949            $5,653 15 0.48          
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 14                  $4 5 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in CFL 38                  $2 6 13.47       
Interior Lighting*Screw‐in LED 40                  $80 12 0.84          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐                   $0 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T8 6                    ($1) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent Super T8 6                    $7 6 1.16          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent T5 10                  $10 6 0.71          
Interior Lighting*Linear Fluorescent LED 18                  $55 10 0.14          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based Halogen ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based CFL 13                  $4 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting*Pin‐based LED 14                  $17 10 0.77          
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Incandescent  ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 12                  $4 5 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in CFL 27                  $3 6 31.63       
Exterior Lighting* Screw‐in LED 37                  $79 12 1.26          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Incandescent ‐                   $0 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Infrared Halogen 34                  $4 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood CFL 60                  $4 5 7.40          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood Metal Halide 22                  $31 5 4.03          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood High Pressure Sodium 22                  $23 5 9.14          
Exterior Lighting* High Intensity/Flood LED 66                  $79 10 0.82          
Appliances Clothes Washer Baseline ‐                   $0 10 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Washer Energy Star (MEF > 1.8)23                  $0 10 1.00          
Appliances Clothes Washer Horizontal Axis 44                  $487 10 0.08          
Appliances Clothes Dryer Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Clothes Dryer Moisture Detection 117                $48 13 2.87          
Appliances Dishwasher Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star 13                  $1 9 ‐            
Appliances Dishwasher Energy Star (2011)17                  $1 9 10.08       
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star 108                $89 13 1.28          
Appliances Refrigerator Baseline (2014)144                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)230                $89 13 ‐            
* Savings and costs are per unit, e.g., per lamp
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 783
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-24 www.gepllc.com

Table C-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Limited Income, New Vintage
(cont.)

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr/HH)
 Incremental 
Cost ($/HH) 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Appliances Freezer Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star 115                $32 11 3.06          
Appliances Freezer Baseline (2014)154                $0 11 ‐            
Appliances Freezer Energy Star (2014)246                $32 11 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star 103                $89 13 1.21          
Appliances Second Refrigerator Baseline (2014)137                $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Second Refrigerator Energy Star (2014)219                $89 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Baseline ‐                   $0 13 ‐            
Appliances Stove Convection Oven 5                    $2 13 3.98          
Appliances Stove Induction (High Efficiency) 26                  $1,432 13 0.03          
Appliances Microwave Baseline ‐                   $0 9 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Baseline ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Electronics Personal Computers Energy Star 90                  $1 5 30.52       
Electronics Personal Computers Climate Savers 129                $175 5 0.30          
Electronics TVs Baseline ‐                   $0 11 ‐            
Electronics TVs Energy Star 52                  $1 11 82.28       
Electronics Devices and Gadgets Devices and Gadgets ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Baseline Pump ‐                   $0 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Pool Pump High Efficiency Pump 63                  $85 15 0.93          
Miscellaneous Pool Pump Two‐Speed Pump 254                $579 15 0.54          
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Baseline ‐                   $0 18 ‐            
Miscellaneous Furnace Fan Furnace Fan with ECM 60                  $1 18 137.23     
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐                   $0 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 784
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-10 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data—Single Family, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.05
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 41% 100% $125 4 0.70
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 2.45
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 12% 23% $116 18 0.08
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 13% 45% $350 19 0.06
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 51% 75% $160 15 0.81
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 7% 19% $200 18 0.62
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.49
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 15% 75% $500 18 0.78
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 15% 75% $500 18 0.78
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 55% 56% $114 11 2.89
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 55% 56% $114 11 2.89
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 46% 90% $266 12 1.72
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 46% 90% $266 12 1.72
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 68% 72% $594 20 1.11
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 68% 72% $594 20 1.11
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.41
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.41
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 5% 10% $1,550 15 0.05
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $267 10 0.21
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 83% 90% $7,500 25 0.38
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 83% 90% $7,500 25 0.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 24% 25% $750 15 0.10
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 24% 45% $90 8 0.21
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 10% 45% $72 8 0.35
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 53% 90% $24 25 8.78
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 17% 38% $180 13 1.05
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 75% 80% $96 10 4.56
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 15.53
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 2.99
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 17% 40% $194 10 1.06
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 3.28
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.76
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.08
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.99
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.18
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.76
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.46
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.10
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.10
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 59% 90% $160 15 4.92
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.43
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 25% $1,500 15 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $3,675 15 1.22
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $13,769 15 0.95
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 785
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-26 www.gepllc.com

Table C-11 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.02
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 33% 100% $100 4 0.59
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 1.28
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 32% 75% $80 15 0.49
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $100 4 1.05
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 13% 75% $375 18 1.16
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 13% 75% $375 18 1.16
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 4% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 0.95
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 12% 50% $500 18 0.95
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 27% 68% $114 11 2.39
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 6% 3% 27% 68% $114 11 2.39
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 17% 75% $320 12 0.35
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 17% 75% $320 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 1% 0% 19% 90% $266 12 2.95
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 13% 13% 19% 90% $266 12 2.95
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 13% 0% 27% 30% $215 20 5.67
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 13% 13% 27% 30% $215 20 5.67
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 4% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.52
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 4% 4% 5% 90% $923 12 0.52
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 13% 0% 3% 10% $1,550 15 0.03
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.10
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 13% 0% 70% 90% $2,500 25 0.56
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 70% 90% $2,500 25 0.56
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 6% 10% $256 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 7% 45% $90 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 6% 45% $72 8 0.05
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 5% 2% 43% 90% $24 25 6.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 6% 38% $180 13 0.65
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 71% 75% $96 10 2.84
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 9.66
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 1.86
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.66
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.04
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.58
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.07
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.36
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.17
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.57
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.46
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 12% $8,500 15 0.22
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 12% $8,500 15 0.22
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.13
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,845 15 0.99
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,946 15 0.72
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 786
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-12 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.03
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 59% 100% $100 4 0.63
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 1.46
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 60% 75% $80 15 0.79
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 5% 19% $150 18 0.41
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.02
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 15% 75% $375 18 0.94
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 15% 75% $375 18 0.94
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.08
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 51% 56% $114 11 2.78
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 51% 56% $114 11 2.78
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 38% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 46% 90% $266 12 1.80
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 46% 90% $266 12 1.80
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 79% 81% $707 20 1.00
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 79% 81% $707 20 1.00
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 5% 10% $1,550 15 0.02
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.16
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 47% 90% $7,500 25 0.37
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 47% 90% $7,500 25 0.37
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 67% 72% $750 15 0.09
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 23% 45% $90 8 0.19
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 10% 45% $72 8 0.32
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 79% 90% $24 25 4.47
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 17% 38% $180 13 0.53
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 92% 95% $96 10 2.32
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 7.91
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 1.52
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 17% 40% $194 10 0.54
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 1.67
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.65
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.08
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 4.06
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.18
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.82
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 38% $300 20 2.28
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.09
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $17,000 15 0.09
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 50% 90% $160 15 4.92
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.21
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,616 15 0.88
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $11,135 15 0.62
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 787
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-28 www.gepllc.com

Table C-13 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Early Replacement Cooling 10% 0% 0% 8% $2,895 15 0.03
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 25% 100% $100 4 0.61
Room AC ‐ Removal of Second Unit Cooling 100% 0% 0% 25% $75 5 2.56
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 3% 23% $116 18 0.05
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 2% 11% $350 19 0.03
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 11% 0% 41% 75% $80 15 0.89
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 5% 19% $150 18 0.46
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 0.82
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 13% 75% $395 18 0.90
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 13% 75% $395 18 0.90
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 10% 0% 12% 50% $500 18 2.07
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 15% 15% 12% 50% $500 18 2.07
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 27% 68% $114 11 2.63
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 9% 5% 27% 68% $114 11 2.63
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 17% 75% $320 12 0.25
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 17% 75% $320 12 0.25
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Cooling 3% 0% 19% 90% $266 12 1.78
Insulation ‐ Infiltration Control Space Heating 10% 10% 19% 90% $266 12 1.78
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 36% 41% $215 20 2.44
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 5% 36% 41% $215 20 2.44
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.35
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 6% 0% 3% 10% $1,550 15 0.03
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 5% 45% $167 10 0.18
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 68% 90% $2,500 25 0.51
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 68% 90% $2,500 25 0.51
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 8% 10% $256 15 0.16
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 15% 0% 8% 45% $90 8 0.06
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 6% 45% $72 8 0.10
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 46% 90% $24 25 5.95
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 6% 38% $180 13 0.71
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 73% 75% $96 10 3.09
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 54% 75% $15 10 10.53
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 17% 75% $40 5 2.03
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.72
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.23
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.77
Refrigerator ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $1,203 13 0.07
Refrigerator ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.36
Freezer ‐ Early Replacement Appliances 15% 15% 0% 20% $484 11 0.17
Freezer ‐ Remove Second Unit Appliances 100% 100% 0% 25% $75 5 3.57
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 13% $300 20 2.00
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $8,500 15 0.17
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $8,500 15 0.17
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 50% 90% $160 15 2.02
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.24
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 20% $1,500 15 0.51
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,970 15 1.03
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,798 15 0.69
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 788
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-29
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-14 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Single Family, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 41% 100% $125 4 0.78
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 13% 23% $97 18 0.15
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 4% 11% $200 19 0.15
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 53% 75% $160 15 1.09
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $200 18 0.92
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.69
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $250 18 1.31
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $250 18 1.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 91% 95% $114 11 2.91
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 91% 95% $114 11 2.91
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 13% 75% $180 12 0.45
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 13% 75% $180 12 0.45
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 68% 71% $634 20 0.99
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 68% 71% $634 20 0.99
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 25% 90% $923 12 0.37
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 25% 90% $923 12 0.37
Insulation ‐ Foundation Cooling 3% 0% 20% 90% $358 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Foundation Space Heating 6% 6% 20% 90% $358 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 20% 90% $236 20 1.15
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 20% 90% $236 20 1.15
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 64% 90% $300 20 0.89
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 64% 90% $300 20 0.89
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $517 15 0.17
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $267 10 0.31
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.62
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.62
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 24% 27% $500 15 0.16
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 13% 45% $90 8 0.19
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 16% 45% $72 8 0.36
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 38% 90% $24 25 11.03
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 8% 41% $50 13 4.71
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 90% 95% $48 10 11.33
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 19.30
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 3.70
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 1.31
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 4.06
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.99
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 3.16
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.12
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.12
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 55% 90% $160 15 5.43
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.64
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 40% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $4,500 18 1.09
Energy Star Homes Cooling 20% 0% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Energy Star Homes Space Heating 20% 20% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Energy Star Homes Interior Lighting 20% 20% 12% 75% $5,000 18 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 25% $1,500 15 0.94
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $3,675 15 1.53
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $13,769 15 1.14
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 789
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-30 www.gepllc.com

Table C-15 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Multi Family, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 33% 100% $100 4 0.62
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 18% 75% $80 15 0.77
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $100 4 1.12
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 50% 75% $200 18 1.18
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 2% 50% 75% $200 18 1.18
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 77% 80% $114 11 2.29
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 3% 77% 80% $114 11 2.29
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 19% 75% $180 12 0.66
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 19% 75% $180 12 0.66
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 12% 0% 27% 48% $152 20 10.12
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 16% 16% 27% 48% $152 20 10.12
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.50
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 3% 3% 5% 90% $923 12 0.50
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 4% 90% $63 20 6.14
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 4% 4% 4% 90% $63 20 6.14
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 55% 90% $210 20 1.59
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 55% 90% $210 20 1.59
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 8% 0% 0% 90% $517 15 0.10
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.17
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 13% 0% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.63
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 100% 100% $2,200 25 0.63
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 6% 9% $256 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 0% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 1% 45% $90 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 11% 45% $72 8 0.05
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 5% 2% 11% 90% $24 25 7.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 41% $50 13 2.68
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 66% 75% $48 10 6.45
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 10.99
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 2.11
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.75
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.27
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.31
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.63
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 3.19
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 12% $7,900 15 0.26
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 12% $7,900 15 0.26
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.23
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 40% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.47
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.53
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,845 15 1.13
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,946 15 0.84
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 790
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners C-31
An EnerNOC Company
Table C-16 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Mobile Home, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 59% 100% $100 4 0.66
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 57% 75% $80 15 0.95
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $150 18 0.53
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 1.09
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $200 18 1.59
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $200 18 1.59
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 57% 75% $114 11 2.77
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 57% 75% $114 11 2.77
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 13% 75% $180 12 0.49
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 13% 75% $180 12 0.49
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 79% 81% $176 20 3.02
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 79% 81% $176 20 3.02
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 25% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 25% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 20% 90% $197 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 20% 90% $197 20 1.35
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 64% 90% $300 20 0.96
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 64% 90% $300 20 0.96
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 5% 90% $517 15 0.07
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.21
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 85% 90% $2,200 25 0.57
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 85% 90% $2,200 25 0.57
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 67% 72% $500 15 0.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 80% $2,975 15 0.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 13% 45% $90 8 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 16% 45% $72 8 0.32
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 57% 90% $24 25 5.14
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 8% 41% $50 13 2.20
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 92% 95% $48 10 5.28
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 9.00
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 1.72
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.61
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.22
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 1.89
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 1.79
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 20% 68% $250 20 2.94
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.10
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 1% 48% $15,800 15 0.10
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 35% 90% $160 15 5.38
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.28
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 30% 0% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 30% 30% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $4,500 18 0.52
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Cooling 20% 0% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Space Heating 20% 20% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Energy Efficient Manufactured Homes Interior Lighting 20% 20% 10% 75% $3,500 18 0.88
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 10% $1,500 15 0.44
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,616 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $11,738 15 0.69
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 791
Residential Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

C-32 www.gepllc.com

Table C-17 Energy-Efficiency Measure Data — Limited Income, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per household. 

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Central AC ‐ Maintenance and Tune‐Up Cooling 10% 0% 25% 100% $100 4 0.65
Attic Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 15% 23% $97 18 0.07
Attic Fan ‐ Photovoltaic ‐ Installation Cooling 1% 0% 5% 11% $200 19 0.07
Ceiling Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 10% 0% 33% 75% $80 15 1.03
Whole‐House Fan ‐ Installation Cooling 9% 0% 4% 19% $150 18 0.58
Air Source Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 25% 90% $125 4 0.87
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 50% 75% $210 18 1.47
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 4% 4% 50% 75% $210 18 1.47
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 8% 0% 29% 30% $114 11 2.54
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 8% 4% 29% 30% $114 11 2.54
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Cooling 1% 0% 19% 75% $180 12 0.46
Doors ‐ Storm and Thermal Space Heating 2% 2% 19% 75% $180 12 0.46
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 3% 0% 36% 48% $152 20 3.20
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 8% 6% 36% 48% $152 20 3.20
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 5% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 1% 1% 5% 90% $923 12 0.36
Insulation ‐ Foundation Cooling 3% 0% 4% 90% $358 20 1.37
Insulation ‐ Foundation Space Heating 6% 6% 4% 90% $358 20 1.37
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 2% 0% 4% 90% $63 20 3.46
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 3% 3% 4% 90% $63 20 3.46
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Cooling 1% 0% 59% 90% $210 20 1.19
Insulation ‐ Wall Sheathing Space Heating 3% 3% 59% 90% $210 20 1.19
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 0% 90% $517 15 0.08
Windows ‐ Reflective Film Cooling 7% 0% 2% 45% $167 10 0.23
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Cooling 12% 0% 78% 90% $2,200 25 0.55
Windows ‐ High Efficiency/Energy Star Space Heating 7% 5% 78% 90% $2,200 25 0.55
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 9% 5% 8% 9% $256 15 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 50% 50% 10% 50% $2,975 15 0.01
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photosensor Control Exterior Lighting 13% 0% 0% 45% $90 8 0.06
Exterior Lighting ‐ Timeclock Installation Exterior Lighting 20% 0% 11% 45% $72 8 0.10
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators Water Heating 4% 2% 11% 90% $24 25 6.84
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 41% $50 13 2.92
Water Heater ‐ Low Flow Showerheads Water Heating 17% 9% 21% 75% $48 10 7.03
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $15 10 11.97
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 9% 5% 5% 75% $40 5 2.29
Water Heater ‐ Timer Water Heating 8% 4% 5% 40% $194 10 0.81
Water Heater ‐ Drainwater Heat Reocvery Water Heating 9% 5% 1% 90% $899 15 0.29
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 9% 4% 5% 50% $35 5 2.52
Electronics ‐ Reduce Standby Wattage Electronics 5% 5% 5% 90% $20 8 0.83
Home Energy Management System Cooling 10% 0% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Home Energy Management System Space Heating 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Home Energy Management System Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 68% $250 20 2.50
Photovoltaics Cooling 50% 0% 0% 48% $7,900 15 0.20
Photovoltaics Space Heating 25% 25% 0% 48% $7,900 15 0.20
Pool ‐ Pump Timer Miscellaneous 60% 0% 35% 90% $160 15 2.21
Trees for Shading Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $40 20 0.30
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 30% 0% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 30% 30% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 20% 20% 2% 45% $2,500 18 1.25
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 20% $1,500 15 0.58
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $2,970 15 1.18
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 45% $10,798 15 0.81
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 792

Global Energy Partners D-1
An EnerNOC Company

APPENDIX D
COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY EQUIPMENT AND MEASURE DATA
This appendix presents detailed information for all commercial and industrial energy efficiency
equipment and measures that were evaluated in LoadMAP. Several sets of tables are provided.
Table D-1 provides brief descriptions for all equipment and measures that were assessed for
potenital.
Tables D-2 through D-9 list the detailed unit-level data for the equipment measures for each of
the C&I segments — small/medium commercial, large commercial, extra-large commercial, and
extra-large industial — and for existing and new construction, respectively. Savings are in
kWh/yr/sq.ft., and incremental costs are in $/sq.ft. The B/C ratio is zero if the measure
represents the baseline technology or if the technology is not available in the first year of the
forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for each year of the forecast and is
available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Tables D-10 through D-17 list the detailed unit-level data for the non-equipment energy
efficiency measures for each of the segments and for existing and new construction,
respectively. Because these measures can produce energy-use savings for multiple end-use loads
(e.g., insulation affects heating and cooling energy use) savings are expressed as a percentage
of the end-use loads. Base saturation indicates the percentage of buildings in which the measure
is already installed. Applicability/Feasibility is the product of two factors that account for whether
the measure is applicable to the building. Cost is expressed in $/sq.ft. The detailed measure-level
tables present the results of the benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for the first year of the forecast. The
B/C ratio is zero if the measure represents the baseline technology or if the measure is not
available in the first year of the forecast (2012). The B/C ratio is calculated within LoadMAP for
each year of the forecast and is available once the technology or measure becomes available.
Note that Tables D-2 through D-17 present information for Washington. For Idaho, savings and
B/C ratios may be slightly different due to weather-related usage, differences in the states’
market profiles, and different retail electricity prices. Although Idaho-specific values are not
presented here, they are available within the LoadMAP files.

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 793
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-2 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling Central Cooling Systems Commercial buildings are often cooled with a central chiller plant that 
creates chilled water for distribution throughout the facility. Chillers can 
be air source or water source, which include heat rejection via a 
condenser loop and cooling tower. Because of the wide variety of 
system types and sizes, savings and cost values for efficiency 
improvements in chiller systems represent an average over air‐ and 
water‐cooled systems, as well as screw, reciprocating, and centrifugal 
technologies. Under this simplified approach, each central system is 
characterized by an aggregate efficiency value (inclusive of chiller, 
pumps, motors and condenser loop equipment), in kW/ton with a 
further efficiency upgrade through the application of variable 
refrigerant flow technology.  
Cooling Chilled Water Variable Flow 
System 
The chilled water variable flow system is essentially a single chilled 
water loop with variable volume and speed. A single set of pumps 
operated by a VSD eliminates the need for separate distribution pumps 
and makes the chilled water flow throughout the entire system be 
variable. The use of adjustable flow limiting valves is designed to 
optimize water flow. Such valves provide flow limiting, shut‐off and 
adjustment functions, automatically compensating for changes in 
system pressure to maximize energy efficiency. 
Cooling Packaged Cooling Systems / 
Rooftop Units (RTUs) and 
Heat Pumps   
Packaged cooling systems are simple to install and maintain, and are 
commonly used in small and medium‐sized commercial buildings.  
Applications range from a single supply system with air intake filters, 
supply fan, and cooling coil, or can become more complex with the 
addition of a return air duct, return air fan, and various controls to 
optimize performance. For packaged RTUs, varying Energy Efficiency 
Ratios (EER) were considered, as well as ductless or “mini‐split” systems 
with variable refrigerant flow. For heat pumps, units with increasing EER 
and COP levels were evaluated, as well as a ductless mini‐split system.  
Cooling Packaged Terminal Air 
Conditioners (PTAC) 
Window (or wall) mounted room air conditioners (and heat pumps) are 
designed to cool (or heat) a single room or space.  This type of unit 
incorporates a complete air‐cooled refrigeration and air‐handling 
system in an individual package.  Conditioned air is discharged in 
response to thermostatic control to meet room requirements.  Each 
unit has a self‐contained, air‐cooled direct expansion (DX) cooling 
system, a heat pump or other fuel‐based heating system and associated 
controls. The energy savings increase with each incremental increase in 
efficiency, measured in terms of EER level.   
Space Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric furnace 
with a gas furnace. This measure eliminates all prior electricity 
consumption and demand due to electric space heating. In this study, it 
is assumed this measure can be implemented only in buildings within 
500 feet of a gas main. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 794
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-3
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Energy Management 
System 
An energy management system (EMS) allows managers/owners to 
monitor and control the major energy‐consuming systems within a 
commercial building.  At the minimum, the EMS can be used to monitor 
and record energy consumption of the different end‐uses in a building, 
and can control operation schedules of the HVAC and lighting systems.  
The monitoring function helps building managers/owners to identify 
systems that are operating inefficiently so that actions can be taken to 
correct the problem.  The EMS can also provide preventive maintenance 
scheduling that will reduce the cost of operations and maintenance in 
the long run.  The control functionality of the EMS allows the building 
manager/owner to operate building systems from one central location.  
The operation schedules set via the EMS help to prevent building 
systems from operating during unwanted or unoccupied periods. This 
analysis assumes that this measure is limited to buildings with a central 
HVAC system. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Economizer Economizers allow outside air (when it is cool and dry enough) to be 
brought into the building space to meet cooling loads instead of using 
mechanically cooled interior air.  A dual enthalpy economizer consists of 
indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity sensors, dampers, 
motors, and motor controls.  Economizers are most applicable to 
temperate climates and savings will be smaller in extremely hot or 
humid areas. 
Cooling VSD on Water Pumps The part‐load efficiency of chilled water loop pumps can be improved 
substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive according to the 
building demand for cooling.  There is also a reduction in piping losses 
associated with this measure that has a major impact on the energy use 
for a building.  However, pump speeds can generally only be reduced to 
a minimum specified rate, because chillers and the control valves may 
require a minimum flow rate to operate.  There are two major types of 
variable speed drives:  mechanical and electronic.  An additional benefit 
of variable‐speed drives is the ability to start and stop the motor 
gradually, thus extending the life of the motor and associated 
machinery.  This analysis assumes that electronic variable speed drives 
are installed. 
Cooling Turbocor Compressor Turbocor compressors use oil‐free magnetic bearings to reduce friction 
losses and couples that with a two‐stage centrifugal compressor to 
reduce central chiller energy consumption. 
Cooling High‐Efficiency Cooling 
Tower Fans 
High efficiency cooling tower fans utilize variable frequency drives in the 
cooling tower design. VFDs improve fan performance by adjusting fan 
speed and rotation as conditions change. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 795
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-4 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling Condenser Water 
Temperature Reset 
Chilled water reset controls save energy by improving chiller 
performance through increasing the supply chilled water temperature, 
which allows increased suction pressure during low load periods.  
Raising the chilled water temperature also reduces chilled water piping 
losses.  However, the primary savings from the chilled water reset 
measure results from chiller efficiency improvement.  This is due partly 
to the smaller temperature difference between chilled water and 
ambient air, and partly due to the sensitivity of chiller performance to 
suction temperature. 
Cooling Maintenance  Filters, coils, and fins require regular cleaning and maintenance for the 
heat pump or roof top unit to function effectively and efficiently 
throughout its years of service. Neglecting necessary maintenance leads 
to a steady decline in performance while energy use increases.  
Maintenance can increase the efficiency of poorly performing 
equipment by as much as 10%. 
Cooling Evaporative Precooler Evaporative precooling can improve the performance of air conditioning 
systems, most commonly RTUs. These systems typically use indirect 
evaporative cooling as a first stage to pre‐cool outside air. If the 
evaporative system cannot meet the full cooling load, the air steam is 
further cooled with conventional refrigerative air conditioning 
technology.    
Cooling Roof‐ High Reflectivity 
(Cool Roof) 
The color and material of a building structure surface will determine the 
amount of solar radiation absorbed by that surface and subsequently 
transferred into a building. This is called solar absorptance. By using a 
material or painting the roof with a light color (and a lower solar 
absorptance), the roof will absorb less solar radiation and consequently 
reduce the cooling load.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Green Roofs A green roof covers a section or the entire building roof with a 
waterproof membrane and vegetative material. Like cool roofs, green 
roofs can reduce solar absorptance and they can also provide insulation. 
They also provide non‐energy benefits by absorbing rainwater and thus 
reducing storm water run‐off, providing wildlife habitat, and reducing 
so‐called urban heat island effects. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation 
HVAC Retrocommissioning Over time, the performance of complex mechanical systems providing 
heating and cooling to existing commercial spaces degrades as a result 
of inappropriate changes to or overrides of controls, deteriorating 
equipment, clogged filters, changing demands and schedules, and 
pressure imbalances. Retrocommissioning is a comprehensive analysis 
of an entire system in which an engineer assesses shortcomings in 
system performance, and then optimizes through a process of tune‐up, 
maintenance, and reprogramming of control or automation software. 
Energy efficiency programs throughout the country promote 
retrocommissioning as a means of greatly reducing energy consumption 
in existing buildings. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 796
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-5
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Comprehensive 
Retrocommissioning 
Comprehensive retrocommissioning covers not only HVAC and lighting, 
but other existing building systems as well. For example, it can improve 
efficiency of non‐HVAC motors, vertical transport systems, and 
domestic hot water systems.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Ventilation, 
Interior 
Lighting/Exteri
or Lighting 
HVAC Commissioning  

Lighting Commissioning  

Comprehensive 
Commissioning 
For new construction and major renovations, commissioning ensures 
that building systems are properly designed, specified, and installed to 
meet the design intent and provide high‐efficiency performance. As the 
names suggests, HVAC Commissioning and Lighting Commissioning 
focus only on HVAC and lighting equipment and controls. 
Comprehensive commissioning addresses these systems but usually 
begins earlier in the design process, and may also address domestic hot 
water, non‐HVAC fans, vertical transport, telecommunications, fire 
protection, and other building systems. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting 
Advanced New 
Construction Designs 
Advanced new construction designs use an integrated approach to the 
design of new buildings to account for the interaction of building 
systems. Typically, architects and engineers work closely to specify the 
building orientation, building shell, building mechanical systems, and 
controls strategies with the goal of optimizing building energy efficiency 
and comfort. Options that may be evaluated and incorporated include 
passive solar strategies, increased thermal mass, daylighting strategies, 
and shading strategies, This measure was modeled for new construction 
only. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Programmable Thermostat A programmable thermostat can be added to most heating/cooling 
systems.  They are typically used during winter to lower temperatures 
at night and in summer to increase temperatures during the afternoon.  
There are two‐setting models, and well as models that allow separate 
programming for each day of the week.  The energy savings from this 
type of thermostat are identical to those of a "setback" strategy with 
standard thermostats, but the convenience of a programmable 
thermostat makes it a much more attractive option.  In this analysis, the 
baseline is assumed to have no thermostat setback. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Duct Repair and Sealing An ideal duct system would be free of leaks.  Leakage in unsealed ducts 
varies considerably because of the differences in fabricating machinery 
used, the methods for assembly, installation workmanship, and age of 
the ductwork.  Air leaks from the system to the outdoors result in a 
direct loss proportional to the amount of leakage and the difference in 
enthalpy between the outdoor air and the conditioned air.  To seal 
ducts, a wide variety of sealing methods and products exist.  Each has a 
relatively short shelf life, and no documented research has identified 
the aging characteristics of sealant applications.  This analysis assumes 
that the baseline air loss from ducts has doubled, and conducting repair 
and sealing of the ducts will restore leakage from ducts to the original 
baseline level. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 797
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-6 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Duct Insulation Air distribution ducts can be insulated to reduce heating or cooling 
losses.  Best results can be achieved by covering the entire surface area 
with insulation.  Insulation material inhibits the transfer of heat through 
the air‐supply duct.  Several types of ducts and duct insulation are 
available, including flexible duct, pre‐insulated duct, duct board, duct 
wrap, tacked, or glued rigid insulation, and waterproof hard shell 
materials for exterior ducts.   
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Insulation – Radiant Barrier Radiant barriers inhibit heat transfer by thermal radiation. When a 
radiant barrier is installed beneath the roofing material much of the 
heat radiated from a hot roof is reflected back to the roof limiting the 
amount of heat emitted downwards.  
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
High‐Efficiency Windows High‐efficiency windows, such as those labeled under the ENERGY STAR 
Program, are designed to reduce a building's energy bill while increasing 
comfort for the occupants at the same time.  High‐efficiency windows 
have reducing properties that reduce the amount of heat transfer 
through the glazing surface.  For example, some windows have a low‐E 
coating, which is a thin film of metallic oxide coating on the glass 
surface that allows passage of short‐wave solar energy through glass 
and prevents long‐wave energy from escaping.  Another example is 
double‐pane glass that reduces conductive and convective heat 
transfer.  There are also double‐pane glasses that are gas‐filled (usually 
argon) to further increase the insulating properties of the window. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating 
Ceiling and Wall Cavity  
Insulation 
Thermal insulation is material or combinations of materials that are 
used to inhibit the flow of heat energy by conductive, convective, and 
radiative transfer modes.  Thus, thermal insulation can conserve energy 
by reducing the heat loss or gain of a building.  The type of building 
construction defines insulating possibilities.  Typical insulating materials 
include:  loose‐fill (blown) cellulose; loose‐fill (blown) fiberglass; and 
rigid polystyrene. 
Ventilation Cooking – Exhaust Hoods 
with Sensor Controls 
Improved exhaust hoods involve installing variable‐speed controls on 
commercial kitchen hoods. These controls provide ventilation based on 
actual cooking loads. When grills, broilers, stoves, fryers or other 
kitchen appliances are not being used, the controls automatically sense 
the reduced load and decrease the fan speed accordingly. This results in 
lower energy consumption because the system is only running as 
needed rather than at 100% capacity at all times. 
Ventilation Variable Air Volume A variable air volume ventilation system modulates the air flow rate as 
needed based on the interior conditions of the building to reduce fan 
load, improve dehumidification, and reduce energy usage. 
Ventilation Fans – Energy Efficient 
Motors 
High‐efficiency motors are essentially interchangeable with standard 
motors, but differences in construction make them more efficient.  
Energy‐efficient motors achieve their improved efficiency by reducing 
the losses that occur in the conversion of electrical energy to 
mechanical energy.  This analysis assumes that the efficiency of supply 
fans is increased by 5% due to installing energy‐efficient motors. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 798
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-7
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Ventilation Fans – Variable Speed 
Control (VSD) 
The part‐load efficiency of ventilation fans can be improved 
substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive.  There are two 
major types of variable speed controls:  mechanical and electronic.  An 
additional benefit of variable‐speed controls is the ability to start and 
stop the motor gradually, thus extending the life of the motor and 
associated machinery. This analysis assumes that electronic variable 
speed controls are installed. 
Water Heating High‐Efficiency Water 
Heater Systems 
Efficient electric water heaters are characterized by a high recovery or 
thermal efficiency (percentage of delivered electric energy which is 
transferred to the water) and low standby losses (the ratio of heat lost 
per hour to the content of the stored water). Included in the savings 
associated with high‐efficiency electric water heaters are timers that 
allow temperature setpoints to change with hot water demand 
patterns. For example, the heating element could be shut off 
throughout the night, increasing the overall energy factor of the unit. In 
addition, tank and pipe insulation reduces standby losses and therefore 
reduces the demands on the water heater. This analysis considers 
conventional electric water heaters with efficiency greater than 96%, as 
well as geothermal heat pump water heaters for effective efficiency 
greater than one. Solar water heating was evaluated as well. 
Water Heating Convert to Gas This fuel‐switching measure is the replacement of an electric water 
heater with a gas‐fired water heater. This measure will eliminate all 
prior electricity consumption and demand due to electric water heating. 
In this study, it is assumed that this measure can be implemented only 
in buildings within 500 feet of a gas main. 
Water Heating Heat Pump Water Heater Heat pump water heaters use heat pump technology to extract heat 
from the ambient surroundings and transfer it to a hot water tank. 
These devices are available as an alternative to conventional tank water 
heaters of 55 gallons or larger.   
Water Heating Faucet Aerators/Low Flow 
Nozzles 
A faucet aerator or low flow nozzle spreads the stream from a faucet 
helping to reduce water usage. The amount of water passing through 
the aerator is measured in gallons per minute (GPM) and the lower the 
GPM the more water the aerator conserves.  
Water Heating Pipe Insulation Insulating hot water pipes decreases the amount of energy lost during 
distribution of hot water throughout the building. Insulating pipes will 
result in quicker delivery of hot water and allows lowering the water 
heating set point. There are several different types of insulation, the 
most common being polyethylene and neoprene.       
Water Heating High‐Efficiency Circulation 
Pump 
A high efficiency circulation pump uses an electronically commutated 
motor (ECM) to improve motor efficiency over a larger range of partial 
loads. In addition, an ECM allows for improved low RPM performance 
with greater torque and smaller pump dimensions. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 799
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-8 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Water Heating Tank Blanket/Insulation Insulation levels on domestic hot water heaters can be increased by 
installing a fiberglass blanket on the outside of the tank. This increase in 
insulation reduces standby losses and thus saves energy.  Water heater 
insulation is available either by the blanket or by square foot of 
fiberglass insulation with R‐values ranging from 5 to 14.   
Water Heating Thermostat Setback Installing a setback thermostat on the water heater can lead to 
significant energy savings during periods when there is no one in the 
building.   
Water Heating Hot Water Saver A hot water saver is a plumbing device that attaches to the showerhead 
and that pauses the flow of water until the water is hot enough for use. 
The water is re‐started by the flip of a switch. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lamp Replacement 
(Interior Screw‐in, HID, and 
Linear Fluorescent 
 Exterior Screw‐in, HID, and 
Linear Fluorescent) 
Commercial lighting differs from the residential sector in that efficiency 
changes typically require more than the simple purchase and quick 
installation of a screw‐in compact fluorescent lamp. Restrictions 
regarding ballasts, fixtures, and circuitry limit the potential for direct 
substitution of one lamp type for another. However, such replacements 
do exist. For example, screw‐in incandescent lamps can readily be 
replaced with CFLs or LEDs. Also, during the buildout for a leased office 
space, the management could decide to replace all T12 lamps and 
magnetic ballasts with T8/electronic ballast configurations. This type of 
decision‐making is modeled on a stock turnover basis because of the 
time between opportunities for upgrades. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lighting 
Retrocommissioning 
Lighting retrocommissioning projects in existing commercial buildings 
do not require an event such as a tenant turnover, a major renovation, 
or an update to electrical circuits to drive its adoption. Rather, a 
decision‐maker can decide at any time to perform a comprehensive 
audit of a facility's lighting systems, followed by an upgrade of 
equipment (lamps, ballasts, fixtures, reflectors), controls (occupancy 
sensors, daylighting controls, and central automation).  
Interior 
Lighting  
Delamping and Install 
Reflectors 
While sometimes included in lighting retrofit projects, delamping is 
often performed as a separate energy efficiency measure in which a 
lighting engineer analyzes the lighting provided by current systems 
compared to the requirements of building occupants. This often leads 
to the removal of unnecessary lamps corresponding to an overall 
reduction in energy usage. .In addition, installing a reflector in each 
fixture can improve light distribution from the remaining lamps.   
Interior 
Lighting, 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Lighting Time Clocks and 
Timers 
While outdoor lighting is typically required only at night, in many cases 
lighting remains on during daylight hours. A simple timer can set a 
diurnal schedule for outdoor lighting and thus reduce the operating 
hours by as much as 50%. 
Interior 
Lighting 
Central Lighting Controls Central lighting control systems provide building‐wide control of interior 
lighting to ensure that lights are properly scheduled based on expected 
building occupancy. Individual zones or circuits can be controlled. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 800
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-9
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Interior 
Lighting 
Photocell Controlled T8 
Dimming Ballasts 
Photocells, in concert with dimming ballasts, can detect when adequate 
daylighting is available and dim or turn off lights to reduce electricity 
consumption. Usually one photocell is used to control a group of 
fixtures, a zone, or a circuit.  
Interior 
Lighting 
Bi‐Level Fixture with 
Occupancy  Sensor 
Bi‐level fixtures with occupancy sensors detect when a space is 
unoccupied and reduce light output to a lower level. These devices  
Interior 
Lighting 
High Bay Fixtures Fluorescent fixtures designed for high‐bay applications have several 
advantages over similar HID fixtures: lower energy consumption, lower 
lumen depreciation rates, better dimming options, faster start‐up and 
restrike, better color rendition, more pupil lumens, and reduced glare.  
Interior 
Lighting 
Occupancy Sensor The installation of occupancy sensors allows lights to be turned off 
during periods when a space is unoccupied, virtually eliminating the 
wasted energy due to lights being left on. There are several types of 
occupancy sensors in the market.  
Interior 
Lighting 
LED Exit Lighting The lamps inside exit signs represent a significant energy end‐use, since 
they usually operate 24 hours per day.  Many old exit signs use 
incandescent lamps, which consume approximately 40 watts per sign.  
The incandescent lamps can be replaced with LED lamps that are 
specially designed for this specific purpose.  In comparison, the LED 
lamps consume approximately 2‐5 watts. 
Interior 
Lighting 
Task Lighting In commercial facilities, individual work areas can use task lighting 
instead of brightly lighting the entire area.  Significant energy savings 
can be realized by focusing light directly where it is needed and 
lowering the general lighting level.  An example of task lighting is the 
common desk lamp.  A 25W desk lamp can be installed in place of a 
typical lamp in a fixture. 
Interior 
Lighting, 
Cooling 
Hotel Guestroom Controls Hotel guestrooms can be fitted with occupancy controls that turn off 
energy‐using equipment when the guest is not using the room.  The 
occupancy controls comes in several forms, but this analysis assumes 
the simplest kind, which is a simple switch near the room’s entry where 
the guest can deposit their room key or card. If the key or card is 
present, then lights, TV, and air conditioning can receive power and 
operate. When the guest leaves and takes the key, all equipment shuts 
off. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Daylighting Controls Daylighting controls use a photosensor to detect ambient light and turn 
off exterior lights accordingly.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 801
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-10 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Photovoltaic Lighting Outdoor photovoltaic (PV) lighting systems use PV panels (or modules), 
which convert sunlight to electricity.  The electricity is stored in 
batteries for use at night.  They can be cost effective relative to 
installing power cables and/or step down transformers for relatively 
small lighting loads. The "nightly run time" listings on most "off‐the‐
shelf" products are based on specific sunlight conditions. Systems 
located in places that receive less sunlight than the system is designed 
for will operate for fewer hours per night than expected. Nightly run 
times may also vary depending on how clear the sky is on any given day. 
Shading of the PV panel by landscape features (vegetation, buildings, 
etc.) will also have a large impact on battery charging and performance.  
Open areas with no shading, such as parking lots, are ideal places where 
PV lighting systems can be used. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Cold Cathode Lighting Cold cathode lighting does not use an external heat source to provide 
thermionic emission of electrons. Cold cathode lighting is typically used 
for exterior signage or where temperatures are likely to drop below 
freezing. 
Exterior 
Lighting 
Induction Lamps Induction lamps use a contactless bulb and rely on electromagnetic 
fields to transfer power. This allows for the lamp to utilize more 
efficient materials that would otherwise react with metal electrodes. In 
addition, the lack of an electrode significantly extends lamp life while 
reducing lumen depreciation. 
Office 
Equipment 
Desktop and Laptop 
Computing Equipment 
ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled computers 
automatically power down to 15 watts or less when not in use and may 
actually last longer than conventional products because they spend a 
large portion of time in a low‐power sleep mode.  ENERGY STAR labeled 
computers also generate less heat than conventional models. The 
ClimateSavers Initiative, made up of leading computer processor 
manufacturers, has stated a goal of reducing power consumption in 
active mode by 50% by integrating innovative power management into 
the chip design process. 
Office 
Equipment 
Monitors ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled monitors 
automatically power down to 15 watts or less when not in use. 
Office 
Equipment 
Servers In addition to the "sleep" mode a reductions and the efficient 
processors being designed by members of the ClimateSavers Initiative, 
servers have additional energy‐saving opportunities through 
"virtualization" and other architecture solutions that involve optimal 
matching of computation tasks to hardware requirements 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 802
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-11
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Office 
Equipment 
Printers/Copiers/ Fax/ POS 
Terminals 
ENERGY STAR labeled office equipment saves energy by powering down 
and "going to sleep" when not in use.  ENERGY STAR labeled copiers are 
equipped with a feature that allows them to automatically turn off after 
a period of inactivity, reducing a copier's annual electricity costs by over 
60%.  High‐speed copiers that include a duplexing unit that is set to 
automatically make double‐sided copies can reduce paper costs and 
help to save trees. 
Office 
Equipment 
ENERGY STAR Power 
Supply 
Power supplies with an efficient ac‐dc or ac‐ac conversion process can 
obtain the ENERGY STAR label. These devices can be used to power 
computers, phones, and other office equipment.  
Refrigeration Walk‐in Refrigeration 
Systems 
Standard compressors typically operate at approximately 65% 
efficiency. High‐efficiency models are available that can improve 
compressor efficiency by 15%. 
Refrigeration Glass Door and Solid Door 
Refrigeration Units (Reach‐
in /Open Display 
Case/Vending Machine) 

Door Gasket Replacement 

High Efficiency Case 
Lighting 
In addition to walk‐in, "cold‐storage" refrigeration, a significant amount 
of energy in the commercial sector can be attributed to "reach‐in" units. 
These stand‐alone appliances can range from a residential‐style 
refrigerator/freezer unit in an office kitchen or the breakroom of a retail 
store to the refrigerated display cases in some grocery or convenience 
stores. As in the case of residential units, these refrigerators can be 
designed to perform at higher efficiency through a combination of 
compressor equipment upgrades, default temperature settings, and 
defrost patterns.  
Other measures for these units are replacing aging door gaskets that no 
longer adequately seal the case, and replacing inefficient display lights 
with CFL or LED systems to reduce internal heat gains in the cases.  
Refrigeration Open Display Case Glass doors can be used to enclose multi‐deck display cases for 
refrigerated items in supermarkets.  In addition, more efficient units are 
designed to perform at higher efficiency through a combination of 
compressor equipment upgrades, default temperature settings, and 
defrost patterns. 
Refrigeration Anti‐Sweat Heater/ Auto 
Door Closer Controls 
Anti‐sweat heaters are used in virtually all low‐temperature display 
cases and many medium‐temperature cases to control humidity and 
prevent the condensation of water vapor on the sides and doors and on 
the products contained in the cases.  Typically, these heaters stay on all 
the time, even though they only need to be on about half the time. 
Anti‐sweat heater controls can come in the form of humidity sensors or 
time clocks. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 803
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-12 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Refrigeration Floating Head Pressure 
Controls 
Floating head pressure control allows the pressure in the condenser to 
"float" with ambient temperatures. This method reduces refrigeration 
compression ratios, improves system efficiency and extends the 
compressor life. The greatest savings with a floating head pressure 
approach occurs when the ambient temperatures are low, such as in 
the winter season.  Floating head pressure control is most practical for 
new installations. However, retrofits installation can be completed with 
some existing refrigeration systems. Installing floating head pressure 
control increases the capacity of the compressor when temperatures 
are low, which may lead to short cycling. 
Refrigeration Bare Suction Lines Insulating bare suction lines reduces heat  
Refrigeration Night Covers Night covers can be used on open refrigeration cases when a facility is 
closed or few customers are in the store.  
Refrigeration Strip Curtain Strip curtains at the entrances to large walk‐in coolers or freezers, such 
as those used in supermarkets, reduce air transfer between the 
refrigerated space and the surrounding space.  
Refrigeration Icemakers In certain building types (restaurant, hotel), the production of ice is a 
significant usage of electricity. By optimizing the timing of ice 
production and the type of output to the specific application, icemakers 
are assumed to deliver electricity savings. 
Refrigeration Vending Machine ‐ 
Controller 
Cold beverage vending machines usually operate 24 hours a day 
regardless of whether the surrounding area is occupied or not.  The 
result is that the vending machine consumes energy unnecessarily, 
because it will operate all night to keep the beverage cold even when 
there would be no customer until the next morning.  A vending machine 
controller can reduce energy consumption without compromising the 
temperature of the vended product. The controller uses an infrared 
sensor to monitor the surrounding area’s occupancy and will power 
down the vending machine when the area is unoccupied.  It will also 
monitor the room’s temperature and will re ‐power the machine at one 
to three hour intervals independent of occupancy to ensure that the 
product stays cold.   
Food Service Kitchen Equipment Commercial cooking and food preparation equipment represent a 
significant contribution to energy consumption in restaurants and other 
food service applications. By replacing old units with efficient ones, this 
energy consumption can be greatly reduced. These measures include 
fryers, commercial ovens, dishwashers, hot food containers and 
miscellaneous other food preparation equipment. Savings range 
between 15 and 65%, depending on the specific unit being replaced. 
Cooling, Space 
Heating, 
Interior 
Lighting, Food 
Preparation, 
Refrigeration 
Custom Measures Custom measures were included in the CPA analysis to serve as a “catch 
all” for measures for which costs and savings are not easily quantified 
and that could be part of a program such as Avista’s existing Site‐
Specific incentive program. Costs and energy savings were assumed 
such that the measures passed the economic screen.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 804
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-13
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC motor Because the Small/Medium Commercial and Large Commercial 
segments include some industrial customers, the CPA analysis included 
equipment upgrades for non‐HVAC motors. This equipment measure 
also incorporates improvements for vertical transport. Premium 
efficiency motors reduce the amount of lost energy going into heat 
rather than power.  Since less heat is generated, less energy is needed 
to cool the motor with a fan.  Therefore, the initial cost of energy 
efficient motors is generally higher than for standard motors. However 
their life‐cycle costs can make them far more economical because of 
savings they generate in operating expense. 
Premium efficiency motors can provide savings of 0.5% to 3% over 
standard motors.  The savings results from the fact that energy efficient 
motors run cooler than their standard counterparts, resulting in an 
increase in the life of the motor insulation and bearing.  In general, an 
efficient motor is a more reliable motor because there are fewer 
winding failures, longer periods between needed maintenance, and 
fewer forced outages.  For example, using copper instead of aluminum 
in the windings, and increasing conductor cross‐sectional area, lowers a 
motor’s I2R losses. 
Miscellaneous Pumps – Variable Speed 
Control 
The part‐load efficiency of chilled and hot water loop pumps can be 
improved substantially by varying the speed of the motor drive 
according to the building demand for heating or cooling. There is also a 
reduction in piping losses associated with this measure that has a major 
impact on the heating loads and energy use for a building. However, 
pump speeds can generally only be reduced to a minimum specified 
rate, because chillers, boilers, and the control valves may require a 
minimum flow rate to operate. There are two major types of variable 
speed controls:  mechanical and electronic.  An additional benefit of 
variable‐speed drives is the ability to start and stop the motor gradually, 
thus extending the life of the motor and associated machinery. This 
analysis assumes that electronic variable speed controls are installed. 
Miscellaneous Laundry – High Efficiency  
Clothes Washer 
High efficiency clothes washers use designs that require less water.  
These machines use sensors to match the hot water needs to the load, 
preventing energy waste. There are two designs:  top‐loading and front‐
loading. Further energy and water savings can be achieved through 
advanced technologies such as inverter‐drive or combination washer‐
dryer units. 
Miscellaneous ENERGY STAR Water Cooler An ENERGY STAR water cooler has more insulation and improved 
chilling mechanisms, resulting in about half the energy use of a standard 
cooler. 
Miscellaneous Industrial Process 
Improvements  
Because the Avista C&I sector segmentation was based on Avista’s rate 
classes, the commercial building segments include a small percentage 
or industrial business types. This measure was included to account for 
energy efficiency potential that could be achieved through various 
process improvements at these customers.  
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 805
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-14 www.gepllc.com

Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Machine Drive. Motors, Premium 
Efficiency 
Premium efficiency motors reduce the amount of lost energy going into 
heat rather than power.  Since less heat is generated, less energy is 
needed to cool the motor with a fan.  Therefore, the initial cost of 
energy efficient motors is generally higher than for standard motors.  
However their life‐cycle costs can make them far more economical 
because of savings they generate in operating expense. 
Premium efficiency motors can provide savings of 0.5% to 3% over 
standard motors.  The savings results from the fact that energy efficient 
motors run cooler than their standard counterparts, resulting in an 
increase in the life of the motor insulation and bearing.  In general, an 
efficient motor is a more reliable motor because there are fewer 
winding failures, longer periods between needed maintenance, and 
fewer forced outages.  For example, using copper instead of aluminum 
in the windings, and increasing conductor cross‐sectional area, lowers a 
motor’s I2R losses. 
This analysis assumes 75% loading factor (for peak efficiency) for 1800 
rpm motor.  Hours of operation vary depending on horsepower size. In 
addition, improved drives and controls are assumed to be implemented 
along with the motors, resulting in savings as high as 10% of annual 
energy consumption 
Machine Drive Motors – Variable 
Frequency Drive 
In addition to energy savings, VFDs increase motor and system life and 
provide a greater degree of control over the motor system. Especially 
for motor systems handling fluids, VFDs can efficiently respond to 
changing operating conditions.  
Machine Drive Magnetic Adjustable 
Speed Drive 
To allow for adjustable speed operation, this technology uses magnetic 
induction to couple a drive to its load. Varying the magnetic slip within 
the coupling controls the speed of the output shaft.  Magnetic drives 
perform best at the upper end of the speed range due to the energy 
consumed by the slip. Unlike traditional ASDs, magnetically coupled 
ASDs create no power distortion on the electrical system. However, 
magnetically coupled ASD efficiency is best when power needs are 
greatest. VFDs may show greater efficiency when the average load 
speed is below 90% of the motor speed, however this occurs when 
power demands are reduced. 
Machine Drive Compressed Air – System 
Controls, Optimization and 
Improvements, 
Maintenance 
Controls for compressed air systems can shift load from two partially 
loaded compressors to one compressor in order to maximize 
compression efficiency and may also involve the addition of VFDs. 
Improvements include installing high‐efficiency motors. Maintenance 
includes fixing air leaks and replacing air filters. 
Machine Drive Fan Systems – Controls, 
Optimization and 
Maintenance 
Certain practices require a consistent flow rate, such as indoor air 
quality and clean room ventilation. To achieve this, fan flow controls 
can be used to maintain precise volume flow control ensuring a 
constant air delivery even on fluctuating pressure conditions. This is 
done through programmable circuitry to electronically control fan 
motor speed. Motors can be configured to accept a signal from a 
controller that would vary the flow rate in direct proportion to the 
signal. 
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 806
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-15
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-1 Commercial and Industrial Energy-Efficiency Equipment/Measure Descriptions
End‐Use 
Energy Efficiency 
Measure Description 
Machine Drive Pumping Systems – 
Controls, Optimization and 
Maintenance 
Pumping systems optimization includes installing VFDs, correctly 
resizing the motors, and installing timers and automated on‐off 
controls. Maintenance includes repairing diaphragms and fixing piping 
leaks. 
Process Process 
Cooling/Refrigeration 
Because of the customized nature of industrial cooling and refrigeration 
applications, a variety of opportunities are summarized as a general 
improvement in cooling and cold storage equipment. Costs and savings 
were developed using average values for this group of measures from 
the Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Process Heating Because of the customized nature of industrial heating applications, a 
variety of opportunities are summarized as a general improvement in 
process heating equipment, such as arc furnaces. Costs and savings 
were developed using average values for this group of measures from 
the Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Electrochemical Process Because of the customized nature of industrial electrochemical 
applications, a variety of opportunities are summarized as a general 
improvement in equipment and processes. Costs and savings were 
developed using average values for this group of measures from the 
Sixth Plan industrial supply curve workbooks. 
Process Refrigeration – System 
Controls, Maintenance, 
and Optimization 
Because refrigeration equipment performance degrades over time and 
control settings are frequently overridden, these measures account for 
savings that can be achieved through system maintenance and controls 
optimization. 

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 807
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-16 www.gepllc.com

Table D-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Comm., Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.29             $0.39 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.35             $0.50 20 0.51          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.73             $0.62 20 1.90          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.77             $0.74 20 1.39          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.01             $11.57 20 0.07          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.18 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.43             $0.35 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.57             $0.58 16 0.49          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.69             $5.12 16 0.05          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.08 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.16 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.43 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.33             $0.96 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.57             $0.39 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.90             $1.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.20             $1.57 15 0.98          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.31             $1.96 15 0.68          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.46             $11.50 20 0.10          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.30             $1.22 15 1.07          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.23             $0.09 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.94             $0.03 7 16.50       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.04             $1.18 12 0.84          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.30             ($0.07) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.30             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.91             $0.25 6 1.73          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.95             $0.43 6 1.06          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.99             $3.74 15 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.14             $0.05 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.60             $0.02 7 17.60       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.60             $0.05 4 3.16          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.66             $0.64 12 0.90          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.22             ($0.13) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.24             $0.55 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.12          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.69          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.05             $0.24 15 0.22          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.10             $0.02 15 5.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.33             $3.53 15 0.43          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.46             $3.03 15 0.55          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.80          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 808
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-17
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-2 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Med. Comm., Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.39             $0.36 12 1.02          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.02             $0.05 12 0.36          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.40             $0.16 12 2.29          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.07          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient ‐               $0.09 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.16             $0.00 18 56.08       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.19             $0.02 18 9.87          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.00 18 0.24          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.11             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.20             $0.00 10 46.48       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 12.76       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.19             $0.00 4 23.04       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.27             $0.36 4 0.23          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 7.34          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.03             $0.12 4 0.08          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.12             $0.01 3 2.14          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.22             $0.00 4 19.68       
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.09             $0.04 6 0.98          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.03             $0.00 4 2.96          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.05             $0.06 15 0.95          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.07             $0.11 15 0.72          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.08             $0.11 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 809
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-18 www.gepllc.com

Table D-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.30             $0.26 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.36             $0.33 20 0.83          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.75             $0.41 20 3.11          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.79             $0.49 20 2.28          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.04             $7.63 20 0.11          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.13 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.45             $0.25 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.59             $0.41 16 0.75          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.72             $3.67 16 0.07          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.09 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.17 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.46 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.34             $1.03 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.46             $0.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.73             $0.55 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 0.97             $0.73 15 1.85          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.07             $0.91 15 1.28          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.19             $5.35 20 0.19          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.03             $1.22 15 0.86          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.19             $0.08 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.78             $0.03 7 14.13       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.87             $1.11 12 0.72          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.31             ($0.08) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.30             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.89             $0.25 6 1.66          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.92             $0.42 6 1.02          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.97             $3.67 15 0.32          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.08             $0.01 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.34             $0.01 7 34.02       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.34             $0.02 4 6.10          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.38             $0.19 12 1.73          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.19             ($0.11) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.20             $0.45 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.18          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.72          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.05             $0.24 15 0.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.12             $0.02 15 5.71          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.54             $3.53 15 0.46          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.69             $3.03 15 0.60          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.07             $0.02 12 3.52          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 810
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-19
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-3 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.75             $0.46 12 1.43          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.07             $0.10 12 0.58          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.35             $0.30 12 0.99          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.01             $0.03 12 0.24          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.15             $1.26 18 0.13          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.13             $0.01 18 24.96       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.30             $0.08 18 4.39          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.04 18 0.16          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.15             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.23             $0.00 10 20.70       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.11             $0.02 12 5.62          
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.35             $0.00 4 47.46       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.50             $0.32 4 0.46          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 15.12       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.06 4 0.17          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.13             $0.01 3 4.41          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.19             $0.01 4 9.14          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.08             $0.02 6 2.02          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.01             $0.00 4 2.94          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.06             $0.06 15 0.92          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.08             $0.13 15 0.69          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.09             $0.13 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 811
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-20 www.gepllc.com

Table D-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 0.43             $0.09 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 0.49             $0.18 20 0.66          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 0.57             $0.25 20 0.91          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 0.69             $0.44 20 0.78          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 0.72             $0.53 20 0.69          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 0.77             $0.62 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.00             $10.92 20 0.05          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.20             $0.24 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.41             $0.45 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.53             $0.75 16 0.37          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.65             $6.64 16 0.03          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.08             $0.06 14 1.09          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.19             $0.12 14 1.28          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.22             $0.32 14 0.55          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.30             $0.71 14 0.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.50             $0.24 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.79             $0.73 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.06             $0.97 15 1.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.16             $1.21 15 0.93          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.29             $7.10 20 0.14          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.21             $1.22 15 1.01          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.30             $0.14 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 1.25             $0.06 7 13.22       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.38             $1.90 12 0.67          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.13             ($0.05) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.20             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.59             $0.21 6 1.31          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.61             $0.35 6 0.80          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.64             $3.08 15 0.25          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.02             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.10             $0.00 7 37.00       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.10             $0.00 4 6.64          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.11             $0.05 12 1.89          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.26             ($0.16) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.28             $0.64 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.01             $0.00 6 1.12          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.01             $0.01 6 0.69          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.01             $0.06 15 0.22          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.19             $0.02 15 9.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2.47             $3.53 15 0.80          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2.72             $3.03 15 1.02          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 812
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-21
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-4 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.00 12 6.02          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.85             $0.38 12 2.11          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.57          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.17             $0.22 12 0.73          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.15          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.06             $0.05 18 1.42          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.04             $0.00 18 78.11       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.27             $0.02 18 12.81       
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.01             $0.03 18 0.34          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.16             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.24             $0.00 10 68.21       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 17.60       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.25             $0.00 4 32.37       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.35             $0.33 4 0.32          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 10.31       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.10 4 0.12          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.06             $0.00 3 3.01          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.11             $0.01 4 6.80          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.02             $0.01 6 1.38          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.00             $0.00 4 2.01          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.03             $0.03 15 1.02          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.04             $0.03 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.05             $0.07 15 0.76          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.05             $0.07 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013) 0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 813
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-22 www.gepllc.com

Table D-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 1.61             $0.33 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 1.82             $0.66 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 2.15             $0.93 20 0.94          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 2.58             $1.59 20 0.80          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 2.68             $1.92 20 0.71          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 2.90             $2.25 20 0.70          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 3.74             $39.62 20 0.06          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.56             $0.39 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 1.12             $0.73 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 1.47             $1.22 16 0.62          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 1.79             $10.83 16 0.06          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.20             $0.06 14 2.79          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.47             $0.11 14 3.27          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.55             $0.31 14 1.41          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.75             $0.69 14 0.87          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 1.07             $0.92 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 1.69             $2.75 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 2.25             $3.66 15 0.75          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 2.47             $4.58 15 0.52          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 2.74             $26.86 20 0.08          
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 7.66             $1.22 15 6.38          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.09             $0.04 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.38             $0.02 7 14.80       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.42             $0.52 12 0.75          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.46             ($0.14) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.10             ($0.01) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.31             $0.08 6 1.73          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.32             $0.14 6 1.06          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.33             $1.21 15 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.01             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.02             $0.00 7 15.02       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.02             $0.00 4 2.69          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.03             $0.03 12 0.77          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.07             ($0.04) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.08             $0.18 9 0.37          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.00             $0.00 6 1.16          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.00             $0.00 6 0.71          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.00             $0.01 15 0.22          
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Efficient 18.88           $5.59 10 2.49          
Process Process Heating Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Heating Efficient 6.18             $0.57 10 7.97          
Process Electrochemical Process Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 814
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-23
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-5 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Process Electrochemical Process Efficient 13.16           $2.64 10 3.67          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency 0.05             $0.02 10 2.08          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard (2015)0.07             $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium 0.07             $0.03 10 1.66          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency (2015)0.11             $0.02 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium (2015)0.14             $0.03 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP High 0.11             $0.02 10 5.09          
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Premium 0.18             $0.03 10 4.07          
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP High 0.31             $0.02 10 13.72       
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Premium 0.49             $0.03 10 10.97       
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP High 0.12             $0.02 10 5.17          
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Premium 0.15             $0.03 10 3.44          
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP High 0.35             $0.02 10 15.66       
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Premium 0.47             $0.03 10 10.44       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 500 and more HP High 0.59             $0.02 10 26.28       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Premium 0.78             $0.03 10 17.52       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 815
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-24 www.gepllc.com

Table D-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.29             $0.39 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.35             $0.50 20 0.51          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.73             $0.62 20 1.90          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.77             $0.74 20 1.39          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.01             $11.57 20 0.07          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.18 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.43             $0.35 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.57             $0.58 16 0.49          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.69             $5.12 16 0.05          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.08 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.16 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.43 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.33             $0.96 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.57             $0.39 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.90             $1.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.20             $1.57 15 0.98          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.31             $1.96 15 0.68          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.46             $11.50 20 0.10          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.75             $20.69 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.64             $1.22 15 1.35          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.20             $0.09 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.85             $0.03 7 14.85       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.93             $1.18 12 0.76          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.27             ($0.07) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.27             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.82             $0.25 6 1.56          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.85             $0.43 6 0.95          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.89             $3.74 15 0.30          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.13             $0.05 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.54             $0.02 7 15.84       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.54             $0.05 4 2.84          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.60             $0.64 12 0.81          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.20             ($0.13) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.22             $0.55 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.01          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.62          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.04             $0.24 15 0.20          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.10             $0.02 15 5.23          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.33             $3.53 15 0.43          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.46             $3.03 15 0.55          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.80          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 816
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-25
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-6 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Small/Medium Commercial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.39             $0.36 12 1.02          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.02             $0.05 12 0.36          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.40             $0.16 12 2.29          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.07          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient ‐               $0.09 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.16             $0.00 18 56.08       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.19             $0.02 18 9.87          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.00 18 0.24          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.11             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.20             $0.00 10 46.48       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 12.76       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.19             $0.00 4 23.04       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.27             $0.36 4 0.23          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 7.34          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.03             $0.12 4 0.08          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.12             $0.01 3 2.14          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.22             $0.00 4 19.68       
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.09             $0.04 6 0.98          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.03             $0.00 4 2.96          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.05             $0.06 15 0.95          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.07             $0.11 15 0.72          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.08             $0.11 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 817
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-26 www.gepllc.com

Table D-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage

Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 1.5 kw/ton, COP 2.3 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.3 kw/ton, COP 2.7 0.32             $0.24 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 1.26 kw/ton, COP 2.8 0.39             $0.31 20 0.97          
Cooling Central Chiller 1.0 kw/ton, COP 3.5 0.80             $0.38 20 3.62          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.97 kw/ton, COP 3.6 0.85             $0.45 20 2.66          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.12             $7.06 20 0.12          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.22             $0.13 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.45             $0.25 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.59             $0.41 16 0.75          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.72             $3.67 16 0.07          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.09             $0.09 14 0.86          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.21             $0.17 14 1.00          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.25             $0.46 14 0.43          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.34             $1.03 14 0.27          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.46             $0.18 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.73             $0.55 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 0.97             $0.73 15 1.85          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.07             $0.91 15 1.28          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.19             $5.35 20 0.19          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.42             $9.62 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.30             $1.22 15 1.09          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.17             $0.08 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.71             $0.03 7 12.72       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.78             $1.11 12 0.65          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.28             ($0.08) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.27             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.80             $0.25 6 1.49          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.83             $0.42 6 0.92          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.87             $3.67 15 0.29          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.07             $0.01 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.31             $0.01 7 30.62       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.31             $0.02 4 5.49          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.34             $0.19 12 1.56          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.17             ($0.11) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.18             $0.45 9 0.34          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.01             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.04             $0.02 6 1.06          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.04             $0.03 6 0.65          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.04             $0.24 15 0.20          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.12             $0.02 15 5.71          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 1.54             $3.53 15 0.46          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 1.69             $3.03 15 0.60          
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.07             $0.02 12 3.52          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 818
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-27
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-7 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage (Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.75             $0.46 12 1.43          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.07             $0.10 12 0.58          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.35             $0.30 12 0.99          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.01             $0.03 12 0.24          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.15             $1.26 18 0.13          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.13             $0.01 18 24.96       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.30             $0.08 18 4.39          
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.00             $0.04 18 0.16          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.15             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.23             $0.00 10 20.70       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.11             $0.02 12 5.62          
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.35             $0.00 4 47.46       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.50             $0.32 4 0.46          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 15.12       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.06 4 0.17          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.13             $0.01 3 4.41          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.19             $0.01 4 9.14          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.08             $0.02 6 2.02          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.01             $0.00 4 2.94          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.06             $0.06 15 0.92          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.06             $0.06 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.08             $0.13 15 0.69          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.09             $0.13 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013) 0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 819
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-28 www.gepllc.com

Table D-8 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 0.43             $0.09 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 0.49             $0.18 20 0.66          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 0.57             $0.25 20 0.91          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 0.69             $0.44 20 0.78          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 0.72             $0.53 20 0.69          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 0.77             $0.62 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 1.00             $10.92 20 0.05          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.20             $0.24 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 0.41             $0.44 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 0.53             $0.73 16 0.37          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 0.65             $6.51 16 0.04          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.08             $0.06 14 1.09          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.19             $0.12 14 1.28          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.22             $0.32 14 0.55          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.30             $0.71 14 0.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 0.50             $0.24 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 0.79             $0.73 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 1.06             $0.97 15 1.34          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 1.16             $1.21 15 0.93          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 1.29             $7.10 20 0.14          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 1.55             $12.77 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 1.52             $1.22 15 1.27          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.27             $0.14 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 1.13             $0.06 7 11.90       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 1.24             $1.90 12 0.61          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.11             ($0.05) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.18             ($0.03) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.53             $0.21 6 1.18          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.55             $0.35 6 0.72          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.58             $3.08 15 0.23          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.02             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.09             $0.00 7 33.30       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.09             $0.00 4 5.97          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.10             $0.05 12 1.70          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.24             ($0.16) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.25             $0.64 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.01             $0.00 6 1.01          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.01             $0.01 6 0.62          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.01             $0.06 15 0.19          
Water Heating Water Heater Baseline (EF=0.90)‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Water Heating Water Heater High Efficiency (EF=0.95) 0.19             $0.02 15 9.79          
Water Heating Water Heater Geothermal Heat Pump 2.47             $3.53 15 0.80          
Water Heating Water Heater Solar 2.72             $3.03 15 1.02          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 820
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-29
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Food Preparation Fryer Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Fryer Efficient 0.03             $0.00 12 6.02          
Food Preparation Oven Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Oven Efficient 0.85             $0.38 12 2.11          
Food Preparation Dishwasher Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Dishwasher Efficient 0.03             $0.04 12 0.57          
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Hot Food Container Efficient 0.17             $0.22 12 0.73          
Food Preparation Food Prep Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Food Preparation Food Prep Efficient 0.00             $0.03 12 0.15          
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Walk in Refrigeration Efficient 0.06             $0.05 18 1.42          
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Glass Door Display Efficient 0.04             $0.00 18 78.11       
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Solid Door Refrigerator Efficient 0.27             $0.02 18 13.75       
Refrigeration Open Display Case Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Refrigeration Open Display Case Efficient 0.01             $0.03 18 0.34          
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine Base (2012)0.13             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency 0.16             $0.00 10 ‐            
Refrigeration Vending Machine High Efficiency (2012)0.24             $0.00 10 68.21       
Refrigeration Icemaker Standard ‐               $0.00 12 ‐            
Refrigeration Icemaker Efficient 0.05             $0.00 12 17.60       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Energy Star 0.25             $0.00 4 32.37       
Office Equipment Desktop Computer Climate Savers 0.35             $0.33 4 0.32          
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Baseline ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Energy Star 0.02             $0.00 4 10.31       
Office Equipment Laptop Computer Climate Savers 0.04             $0.10 4 0.12          
Office Equipment Server Standard ‐               $0.00 3 ‐            
Office Equipment Server Energy Star 0.06             $0.00 3 3.01          
Office Equipment Monitor Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment Monitor Energy Star 0.11             $0.01 4 6.80          
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Standard ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Office Equipment Printer/copier/fax Energy Star 0.02             $0.01 6 1.38          
Office Equipment POS Terminal Standard ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Office Equipment POS Terminal Energy Star 0.00             $0.00 4 2.01          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Standard (2015)0.01             $0.00 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency 0.03             $0.03 15 1.02          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor High Efficiency (2015)0.04             $0.03 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium 0.05             $0.07 15 0.76          
Miscellaneous Non‐HVAC Motor Premium (2015)0.05             $0.07 15 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Miscellaneous Other Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (2013)0.00             $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 821
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-30 www.gepllc.com

Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
   Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft.
End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Cooling Central Chiller 0.75 kw/ton, COP 4.7 ‐               $0.00 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.60 kw/ton, COP 5.9 1.61             $0.33 20 ‐            
Cooling Central Chiller 0.58 kw/ton, COP 6.1 1.82             $0.66 20 0.68          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.55 kw/Ton, COP 6.4 2.15             $0.93 20 0.94          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.51 kw/ton, COP 6.9 2.58             $1.59 20 0.80          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.50 kw/Ton, COP 7.0 2.68             $1.92 20 0.71          
Cooling Central Chiller 0.48 kw/ton, COP 7.3 2.90             $2.25 20 0.70          
Cooling Central Chiller Variable Refrigerant Flow 3.74             $39.62 20 0.06          
Cooling RTU EER 9.2 ‐               $0.00 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 10.1 0.56             $0.39 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 11.2 1.12             $0.74 16 ‐            
Cooling RTU EER 12.0 1.47             $1.23 16 0.62          
Cooling RTU Ductless VRF 1.79             $10.88 16 0.06          
Cooling PTAC EER 9.8 ‐               $0.00 14 ‐            
Cooling PTAC EER 10.2 0.20             $0.06 14 2.79          
Cooling PTAC EER 10.8 0.47             $0.11 14 3.27          
Cooling PTAC EER 11 0.55             $0.31 14 1.41          
Cooling PTAC EER 11.5 0.75             $0.69 14 0.87          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 9.3, COP 3.1 ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 10.3, COP 3.2 1.07             $0.92 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.0, COP 3.3 1.69             $2.75 15 ‐            
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 11.7, COP 3.4 2.25             $3.66 15 0.75          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump EER 12, COP 3.4 2.47             $4.58 15 0.52          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Ductless Mini‐Split System 2.74             $26.86 20 0.08          
Combined Heating/Cooling Heat Pump Geothermal Heat Pump 3.29             $48.32 20 ‐            
Space Heating Electric Resistance Standard ‐               $0.00 25 ‐            
Space Heating Furnace Standard ‐               $0.00 18 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Constant Volume ‐               $0.00 15 ‐            
Ventilation Ventilation Variable Air Volume 9.66             $1.22 15 8.05          
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Incandescents ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.08             $0.04 4 ‐            
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in CFL 0.34             $0.02 7 13.32       
Interior Lighting Interior Screw‐in LED 0.38             $0.52 12 0.68          
Interior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.41             ($0.14) 9 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.09             ($0.01) 6 1.00          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.28             $0.08 6 1.56          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.29             $0.14 6 0.96          
Interior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.30             $1.21 15 0.30          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Incandescent ‐               $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Infrared Halogen 0.01             $0.00 4 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in CFL 0.02             $0.00 7 13.52       
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in Metal Halides 0.02             $0.00 4 2.42          
Exterior Lighting Exterior Screw‐in LED 0.02             $0.03 12 0.69          
Exterior Lighting HID Metal Halides ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting HID High Pressure Sodium 0.07             ($0.04) 9 1.00          
Exterior Lighting HID Low Pressure Sodium 0.07             $0.18 9 0.33          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T12 ‐               $0.00 6 ‐            
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T8 0.00             ($0.00) 6 1.00          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent Super T8 0.00             $0.00 6 1.05          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent T5 0.00             $0.00 6 0.64          
Exterior Lighting Linear Fluorescent LED 0.00             $0.01 15 0.20          
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Cooling/Refrigera Efficient 18.88           $5.59 10 2.49          
Process Process Heating Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Process Heating Efficient 6.18             $0.57 10 7.97          
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 822
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-31
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-9 Energy Efficiency Equipment Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
(Cont.)
  Note: Costs and savings are per sq. ft. 

End Use Technology Efficiency Definition
Savings 
(kWh/yr)
 Incremental 
Cost 
Lifetime 
(yrs) BC Ratio
Process Electrochemical Process Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Process Electrochemical Process Efficient 13.16           $2.64 10 3.67          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency 0.05             $0.02 10 2.08          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Standard (2015)0.07             $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium 0.07             $0.03 10 1.66          
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP High Efficiency (2015)0.11             $0.02 10 ‐            
Machine Drive Less than 5 HP Premium (2015)0.14             $0.03 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP High 0.11             $0.02 10 5.09          
Machine Drive 5‐24 HP Premium 0.18             $0.03 10 4.07          
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP High 0.31             $0.02 10 13.72       
Machine Drive 25‐99 HP Premium 0.49             $0.03 10 10.97       
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP High 0.12             $0.02 10 5.17          
Machine Drive 100‐249 HP Premium 0.15             $0.03 10 3.44          
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP High 0.35             $0.02 10 15.66       
Machine Drive 250‐499 HP Premium 0.47             $0.03 10 10.44       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Standard ‐               $0.00 10 ‐            
Machine Drive 500 and more HP High 0.59             $0.02 10 26.28       
Machine Drive 500 and more HP Premium 0.78             $0.03 10 17.52       
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ‐               $0.00 5 ‐            
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 823
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-32 www.gepllc.com

Table D-10 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Med. Comm., Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 14% 90% $0.08 4 0.75
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.20
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 4 0.08
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 10 0.07
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 0% $0.90 20 0.70
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 27% 0% 0% 0% $1.17 20 0.48
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 0% 0% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.87 14 0.18
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 45% 49% $0.15 15 0.71
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 10% 95% $0.03 4 5.00
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 6% 0% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.45
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.45
Energy Management System Cooling 6% 0% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Energy Management System Space Heating 5% 3% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.72
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 25% 13% 1% 15% $0.04 10 7.36
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.38
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 8% 90% $0.20 10 0.89
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 9% 0% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.60 4 0.50
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 0% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.12
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.12
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 2% 0% 10% 18% $0.64 20 0.70
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 17% 4% 10% 18% $0.64 20 0.70
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 3% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.81
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.81
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 15% 0% 2% 95% $0.18 15 1.47
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 5% 0% 61% 75% $0.44 20 0.63
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 3% 2% 61% 75% $0.44 20 0.63
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 81% 90% $0.65 8 0.34
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.50 8 0.90
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 50% $0.11 8 1.36
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 20% 10% 18% 25% $0.50 11 0.97
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.50 8 0.36
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.70 11 1.73
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 7% 45% $0.20 8 1.11
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.26
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.09
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.56
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 8% 90% $0.01 9 4.28
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 46% 50% $0.28 15 0.37
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.64
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 40% 50% $0.02 10 5.87
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.11 10 0.47
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.02 5 1.56
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 1.10
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 18% 38% $0.35 16 1.25
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.10
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.21
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 1.02
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.70 4 0.71
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 61.20
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.09
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 12.75
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.10 5 1.59
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.10 5 1.59
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.37
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 8.10
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 36.95
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.33
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.95
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 23% $0.52 10 1.16
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 7% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 5% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.59
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 19% $0.80 15 0.69
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $4.00 15 0.54
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 47% $8.04 15 1.08
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 824
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-33
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-11 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 27% 90% $0.06 4 1.30
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.21
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 19% 0% 15% 75% $0.18 4 0.50
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.18 10 0.31
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 66% $0.90 20 0.64
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 32% 0% 15% 66% $1.17 20 0.52
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 15% 41% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 9% 0% 5% 75% $0.18 14 0.76
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 44% 49% $0.15 15 1.29
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 10% 95% $0.06 4 3.04
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.52
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.52
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.43
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.43
Energy Management System Cooling 23% 0% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Energy Management System Space Heating 18% 12% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 9% 6% 37% 90% $0.35 14 2.63
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 11% $0.04 10 2.97
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.11
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.71
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.30 4 0.72
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 0% 34% $0.13 10 1.05
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 33% 50% $0.13 11 1.02
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 33% 50% $0.13 11 1.02
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 9% 30% $0.85 20 0.45
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 12% 3% 9% 30% $0.85 20 0.45
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.64
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.64
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 5% 0% 2% 75% $0.08 15 1.08
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 12% 0% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.74
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 11% 8% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.74
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 86% 90% $0.65 8 0.34
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.45 8 0.96
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 13% $0.29 8 0.42
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 30% 15% 17% 38% $0.50 11 1.40
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.40 8 0.43
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.63 11 1.85
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 13% 45% $0.20 8 1.10
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.21
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.13
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.55
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 3% 90% $0.03 9 1.62
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.42
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 0.70
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 3.28
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 2% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.52
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 3% $0.04 5 0.88
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 0.58
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 38% 45% $0.35 16 0.95
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.65
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.37
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.65
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.96
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.35 4 1.06
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 68.11
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.11
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 12.29
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 3.07
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 3.07
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.52
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.50
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 33.94
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 1% 2% $0.14 8 0.32
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.78
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 5% $0.52 10 1.18
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.99
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 28% $0.80 15 0.77
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 0.59
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $6.00 15 1.04
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 825
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-34 www.gepllc.com

Table D-12 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Comm., Existing Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 47% 90% $0.06 4 1.15
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.19
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 15% 0% 30% 75% $0.09 4 0.79
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 8% 0% 30% 34% $0.09 10 1.00
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 75% $0.90 20 0.66
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 28% 0% 3% 75% $1.17 20 0.47
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 37% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 9% 0% 0% 75% $0.09 14 1.49
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 73% 81% $0.15 15 1.20
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 5% 95% $0.06 4 2.91
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 8% 0% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.77
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.77
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 5% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.65
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 5% 3% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.65
Energy Management System Cooling 12% 0% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Energy Management System Space Heating 9% 6% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 5% 3% 80% 90% $0.35 14 1.21
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 8% $0.04 10 3.46
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.30
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.83
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 15% 90% $0.20 4 1.00
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 1% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 3% 0% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.69
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 3% 1% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.69
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 2% 9% $0.85 20 0.48
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 12% 3% 2% 9% $0.85 20 0.48
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.57
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 4% 2% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.57
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 10% 0% 0% 95% $0.18 15 0.90
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 6% 0% 95% 100% $2.10 20 0.37
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 2% 2% 95% 100% $2.10 20 0.37
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 78% 90% $0.65 8 0.26
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 3% 45% $0.40 8 0.72
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 10% $0.29 8 0.45
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 30% 15% 3% 25% $0.50 11 0.93
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.20 8 0.57
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.56 11 1.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 42% 45% $0.20 8 0.84
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.23
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 5% 75% $0.24 5 0.18
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 12% 56% $0.20 8 0.42
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 2% 90% $0.03 9 2.66
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.70
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 1.19
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 5.48
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.72
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.04 5 1.45
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 10% 75% $0.20 16 0.02
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 10% 38% $0.35 16 0.34
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.13
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.28
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.29
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.18
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 12% 0% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Retrocommissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 12% 9% 40% 90% $0.25 4 1.21
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 39.11
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.12
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 18.34
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 2.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 5% 90% $0.05 5 2.54
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.61
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.95
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 20.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.47
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.07
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 0% $0.52 10 1.11
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Food Preparation 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Custom Measures Refrigeration 10% 8% 10% 45% $0.67 15 1.09
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 41% $0.80 15 1.28
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.66
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 826
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-35
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-13 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, Existing Vintage
  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls Process 11% 8% 5% 34% $0.40 10 18.09
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance Process 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.00 10 2,067.93
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization Process 15% 11% 5% 34% $0.80 10 12.92
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Compressed Air ‐ System Controls Machine Drive 9% 7% 5% 34% $0.40 10 0.59
Compressed Air ‐ System Optimization and Improvements Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.80 10 0.42
Compressed Air ‐ System Maintenance Machine Drive 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.34
Compressed Air ‐ Compressor Replacement Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.68
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Pumping System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.38 12 0.43
Pumping System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.75 12 0.54
Pumping System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 2% 1% 5% 34% $0.19 10 0.27
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 22% 90% $0.06 4 3.18
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 30% 75% $0.09 4 2.69
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.20 10 1.05
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 67% $0.90 20 2.48
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 26% 0% 15% 67% $1.17 20 1.68
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 50% $0.04 10 0.03
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 0% 75% $0.20 14 2.72
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 29% 34% $0.15 15 2.02
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 2% 95% $0.03 4 8.67
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 6% 6% 12% 50% $0.41 20 1.01
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 12% 50% $0.41 20 1.01
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Cooling 2% 0% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.63
Repair and Sealing ‐ Ducting Space Heating 2% 1% 5% 25% $0.38 15 0.63
Energy Management System Cooling 6% 0% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Energy Management System Space Heating 5% 3% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 1.09
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 2% 90% $0.14 10 2.94
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 3% 90% $0.20 10 5.29
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 12% 0% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 12% 9% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Retrocommissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 9% 6% 1% 70% $0.25 4 1.54
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Machine Drive 5% 4% 0% 34% $0.44 10 0.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.11
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.11
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 84% 90% $0.65 8 0.17
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 2% 27% $0.08 8 0.46
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Delamp and Install Reflectors Interior Lighting 20% 10% 17% 38% $0.50 11 0.31
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 38% $0.20 11 1.95
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 9% 86% $0.00 10 4.00
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 9% 6% 9% 70% $0.05 5 1.44
Retrocommissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 9% 6% 9% 70% $0.05 5 1.44
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 15% 45% $0.20 8 0.55
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.07
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.03
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 2% 56% $0.20 8 0.27
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 0.46
Custom Measures Cooling 10% 0% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Space Heating 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Custom Measures Machine Drive 10% 8% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.63
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 2.67
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 827
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-36 www.gepllc.com

Table D-14 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Small/Medium Comm., New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 14% 90% $0.08 4 0.82
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.18
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 11% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 4 0.06
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.86 10 0.05
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 0% $0.90 20 0.63
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 26% 0% 0% 0% $1.17 20 0.42
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 0% 0% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 0% 0% $0.87 14 0.13
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 45% 49% $0.15 15 0.65
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 10% 95% $0.03 4 4.32
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 5% 0% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.64
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 9% 50% $0.41 20 0.64
Energy Management System Cooling 5% 0% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Energy Management System Space Heating 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 24% 75% $0.35 14 0.55
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 25% 13% 1% 15% $0.04 10 7.04
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.32
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 8% 90% $0.20 10 0.85
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 40% 75% $0.90 25 0.33
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 5% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.06
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 34% 50% $0.13 11 1.06
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 10% 81% $0.16 20 1.60
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 15% 4% 10% 81% $0.16 20 1.60
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 2% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.76
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 6% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.76
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 7% 0% 5% 95% $0.09 15 1.25
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 5% 0% 61% 75% $0.35 20 0.69
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 3% 2% 61% 75% $0.35 20 0.69
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 81% 90% $0.65 8 0.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.38 8 1.07
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 75% $0.09 8 1.50
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.50 8 0.32
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.70 11 1.56
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 7% 45% $0.20 8 1.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.24
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.08
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.50
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 8% 90% $0.01 9 4.22
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 4% 2% 46% 50% $0.28 15 0.24
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.63
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 40% 50% $0.02 10 5.80
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 10% 75% $0.11 10 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.02 5 1.53
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 1.09
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 18% 38% $0.35 16 1.24
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.09
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.20
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 1.02
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.00
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.25 25 0.83
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 61.07
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.08
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 11.83
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 30% 75% $0.20 25 1.54
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 30% 75% $0.20 25 1.54
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.00
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.23
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 7.30
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 36.95
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.30
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.95
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.01
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 10% 68% $0.34 20 0.72
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 10% 68% $0.34 20 0.72
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 7% 0% 2% 11% $1.00 30 0.26
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 4% 3% 2% 11% $1.00 30 0.26
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 23% $0.52 10 1.16
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.50 15 0.45
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 19% $0.80 15 0.68
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 50% $4.00 15 0.53
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 47% $8.04 15 1.01
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 828
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-37
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-15 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 27% 90% $0.06 4 1.13
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.19
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 18% 0% 30% 75% $0.18 4 0.42
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 5% 0% 30% 34% $0.18 10 0.28
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 66% $0.90 20 0.61
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 32% 0% 15% 66% $1.17 20 0.50
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 15% 41% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 25% 75% $0.18 14 0.63
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 44% 49% $0.15 15 1.19
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 10% 95% $0.06 4 2.72
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 4% 0% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.56
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 8% 50% $0.41 20 0.56
Energy Management System Cooling 21% 0% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Energy Management System Space Heating 8% 5% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 9% 6% 48% 90% $0.35 14 2.10
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 11% $0.04 10 2.84
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.07
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.68
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.85 25 0.30
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 5% 34% $0.13 10 1.05
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 33% 50% $0.13 11 0.97
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 33% 50% $0.13 11 0.97
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 75% 81% $0.35 20 0.60
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 3% 75% 81% $0.35 20 0.60
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.56
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 5% 2% 7% 13% $0.26 20 0.56
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 4% 0% 5% 95% $0.05 15 1.28
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 12% 0% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.72
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 11% 8% 72% 75% $0.88 20 0.72
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 86% 90% $0.65 8 0.30
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 1% 45% $0.34 8 1.14
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 19% $0.19 8 0.57
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.40 8 0.39
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.63 11 1.66
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 13% 45% $0.20 8 0.99
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.19
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.11
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 9% 56% $0.20 8 0.49
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 3% 90% $0.03 9 1.60
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 4% 2% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.27
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 0.69
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 3.23
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.44
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 3% $0.04 5 0.87
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 0% 75% $0.20 16 0.58
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 38% 45% $0.35 16 0.94
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.63
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.35
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.65
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.94
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $1.00 25 0.96
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 67.83
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.09
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 11.13
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.15 25 1.99
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.15 25 1.99
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.52
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.03
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 5.86
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 33.94
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 1% 2% $0.14 8 0.29
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.78
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.84
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 9% 68% $0.78 20 0.43
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 9% 68% $0.78 20 0.43
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 4% 0% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.08
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 2% 2% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.08
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 5% $0.52 10 1.18
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.90 15 0.73
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 28% $0.80 15 0.76
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 0.58
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $6.00 15 0.98
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 829
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data

D-38 www.gepllc.com

Table D-16 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Commercial, New Vintage

  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.
Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 47% 90% $0.06 4 1.02
RTU ‐ Evaporative Precooler Cooling 10% 0% 0% 0% $0.88 15 0.17
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 12% 0% 60% 75% $0.09 4 0.61
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 8% 0% 30% 34% $0.09 10 0.95
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 75% $0.90 20 0.64
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 28% 0% 3% 75% $1.17 20 0.45
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 37% $0.04 10 0.01
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 8% 0% 25% 75% $0.09 14 1.28
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 11% 0% 73% 81% $0.15 15 1.14
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 10% 10% 5% 95% $0.06 4 2.61
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 7% 0% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 3% 1% 2% 50% $0.41 20 0.71
Energy Management System Cooling 11% 0% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Energy Management System Space Heating 4% 2% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 5% 3% 80% 90% $0.35 14 0.94
Cooking ‐ Exhaust Hoods with Sensor Control Ventilation 13% 7% 1% 8% $0.04 10 3.31
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 11% 90% $0.05 10 1.24
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 2% 90% $0.20 10 0.80
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 50% 75% $0.70 25 0.42
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Miscellaneous 1% 0% 1% 34% $0.44 10 1.01
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 3% 0% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.67
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 3% 1% 25% 50% $0.13 11 0.67
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Cooling 1% 0% 2% 81% $0.35 20 0.68
Insulation ‐ Ceiling Space Heating 10% 3% 2% 81% $0.35 20 0.68
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Cooling 1% 0% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.47
Insulation ‐ Radiant Barrier Space Heating 2% 1% 2% 13% $0.26 20 0.47
Roofs ‐ High Reflectivity Cooling 10% 0% 5% 95% $0.18 15 0.85
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Cooling 6% 0% 95% 100% $1.69 20 0.38
Windows ‐ High Efficiency Space Heating 2% 2% 95% 100% $1.69 20 0.38
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 78% 90% $0.65 8 0.23
Interior Lighting ‐ Photocell Controlled T8 Dimming Ballasts Interior Lighting 25% 13% 3% 45% $0.30 8 0.86
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 15% $0.19 8 0.61
Interior Fluorescent ‐ Bi‐Level Fixture w/Occupancy Sensor Interior Lighting 10% 5% 10% 23% $0.20 8 0.52
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 23% $0.56 11 1.24
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 42% 45% $0.20 8 0.76
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.20
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 10% 5% 25% 75% $0.24 5 0.16
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 12% 56% $0.20 8 0.38
Water Heater ‐ Faucet Aerators/Low Flow Nozzles Water Heating 4% 1% 2% 90% $0.03 9 2.63
Water Heater ‐ Pipe Insulation Water Heating 6% 3% 0% 0% $0.28 15 0.69
Water Heater ‐ High Efficiency Circulation Pump Water Heating 5% 4% 0% 23% $0.11 10 1.18
Water Heater ‐ Tank Blanket/Insulation Water Heating 9% 5% 0% 0% $0.04 10 5.43
Water Heater ‐ Thermostat Setback Water Heating 4% 0% 0% 0% $0.11 10 0.71
Water Heater ‐ Hot Water Saver Water Heating 5% 1% 0% 0% $0.04 5 1.43
Refrigeration ‐ Anti‐Sweat Heater/Auto Door Closer Refrigeration 5% 3% 10% 75% $0.20 16 0.02
Refrigeration ‐ Floating Head Pressure Refrigeration 7% 4% 10% 38% $0.35 16 0.32
Refrigeration ‐ Door Gasket Replacement Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.12
Insulation ‐ Bare Suction Lines Refrigeration 3% 2% 5% 75% $0.10 8 0.26
Refrigeration ‐ Night Covers Refrigeration 6% 3% 5% 75% $0.05 8 0.27
Refrigeration ‐ Strip Curtain Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 56% $0.02 8 0.17
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Cooling 10% 0% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Space Heating 10% 7% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Commissioning ‐ Comprehensive Interior Lighting 10% 7% 40% 75% $0.80 25 1.05
Office Equipment ‐ Energy Star Power Supply Office Equipment 1% 1% 10% 95% $0.00 7 38.86
Vending Machine ‐ Controller Refrigeration 15% 11% 2% 10% $0.27 10 1.10
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 16.52
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 2.47
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 2.47
Refrigeration ‐ High Efficiency Case Lighting Refrigeration 4% 2% 5% 75% $0.20 8 0.04
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 1.45
Exterior Lighting ‐ Induction Lamps Exterior Lighting 3% 3% 5% 56% $0.00 5 6.26
Laundry ‐ High Efficiency Clothes Washer Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 10% $0.00 10 20.31
Interior Lighting ‐ Hotel Guestroom Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 0% 0% $0.14 8 0.42
Miscellaneous ‐ Energy Star Water Cooler Miscellaneous 0% 0% 5% 95% $0.00 8 1.07
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 1.67
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Cooling 1% 0% 2% 68% $0.09 20 1.73
Insulation ‐ Wall Cavity Space Heating 10% 2% 2% 68% $0.09 20 1.73
Roofs ‐ Green Cooling 10% 0% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.20
Roofs ‐ Green Space Heating 5% 3% 2% 13% $1.00 15 0.20
Industrial Process Improvements Miscellaneous 10% 8% 0% 0% $0.52 10 1.11
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Food Preparation 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Custom Measures Refrigeration 8% 6% 10% 45% $0.67 15 0.81
Water Heater ‐ Heat Pump Water Heating 30% 15% 0% 41% $0.80 15 1.27
Water Heater ‐ Convert to Gas Water Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.00
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 1.57
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 830
Commercial Energy Efficiency Equipment and Measure Data
Global Energy Partners D-39
An EnerNOC Company
Table D-17 Energy Efficiency Measure Data — Extra Large Industrial, New Vintage
  Note: Costs are per sq. ft.

Measure Enduse
Energy 
Savings
Demand 
Savings
Base 
Saturation
Appl./
Feas. Cost Lifetime BC Ratio
Refrigeration ‐ System Controls Process 11% 8% 5% 34% $0.40 10 18.09
Refrigeration ‐ System Maintenance Process 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.00 10 2,067.93
Refrigeration ‐ System Optimization Process 15% 11% 5% 34% $0.80 10 12.92
Motors ‐ Variable Frequency Drive Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Motors ‐ Magnetic Adjustable Speed Drives Machine Drive 13% 9% 25% 38% $0.10 10 3.38
Compressed Air ‐ System Controls Machine Drive 9% 7% 5% 34% $0.40 10 0.59
Compressed Air ‐ System Optimization and Improvements Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.80 10 0.42
Compressed Air ‐ System Maintenance Machine Drive 3% 2% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.34
Compressed Air ‐ Compressor Replacement Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.20 10 0.68
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 4% 3% 10% 38% $0.35 10 0.11
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 6% 5% 10% 38% $0.70 10 0.08
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Fan System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 1% 1% 10% 38% $0.15 10 0.07
Pumping System ‐ Controls Machine Drive 5% 4% 5% 34% $0.38 12 0.42
Pumping System ‐ Optimization Machine Drive 13% 9% 5% 34% $0.75 12 0.54
Pumping System ‐ Maintenance Machine Drive 2% 1% 5% 34% $0.19 10 0.27
RTU ‐ Maintenance Cooling 14% 0% 22% 90% $0.06 4 2.82
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Reset Cooling 14% 0% 60% 75% $0.09 4 2.53
Chiller ‐ Chilled Water Variable‐Flow System Cooling 4% 0% 30% 34% $0.20 10 0.80
Chiller ‐ Turbocor Compressor Cooling 30% 0% 0% 67% $0.90 20 2.40
Chiller ‐ VSD Cooling 27% 0% 25% 67% $1.17 20 1.63
Chiller ‐ High Efficiency Cooling Tower Fans Cooling 0% 0% 25% 50% $0.04 10 0.04
Chiller ‐ Condenser Water Temprature Reset Cooling 10% 0% 5% 75% $0.20 14 2.60
Cooling ‐ Economizer Installation Cooling 6% 0% 29% 34% $0.15 15 1.92
Heat Pump ‐ Maintenance Combined Heating/Cooling 7% 7% 2% 95% $0.03 4 7.76
Insulation ‐ Ducting Space Heating 5% 5% 12% 50% $0.41 20 0.95
Insulation ‐ Ducting Cooling 3% 0% 12% 50% $0.41 20 0.95
Energy Management System Cooling 5% 0% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Energy Management System Space Heating 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Energy Management System Interior Lighting 2% 1% 11% 90% $0.35 14 0.88
Fans ‐ Energy Efficient Motors Ventilation 5% 5% 2% 90% $0.14 10 2.81
Fans ‐ Variable Speed Control Ventilation 15% 5% 3% 90% $0.34 10 2.97
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Cooling 5% 0% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Space Heating 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Commissioning ‐ HVAC Ventilation 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.70 25 0.92
Pumps ‐ Variable Speed Control Machine Drive 5% 4% 0% 34% $0.44 10 0.31
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Cooling 5% 0% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.02
Thermostat ‐ Clock/Programmable Space Heating 5% 1% 59% 70% $0.13 11 2.02
Interior Lighting ‐ Central Lighting Controls Interior Lighting 10% 5% 84% 90% $0.65 8 0.15
Exterior Lighting ‐ Daylighting Controls Exterior Lighting 30% 0% 10% 40% $0.08 8 0.42
Interior Fluorescent ‐ High Bay Fixtures Interior Lighting 50% 25% 10% 38% $0.20 11 1.76
LED Exit Lighting Interior Lighting 2% 2% 85% 86% $0.00 10 3.72
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Interior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 1.41
Commissioning ‐ Lighting Exterior Lighting 5% 4% 60% 75% $0.10 25 1.41
Interior Lighting ‐ Occupancy Sensors Interior Lighting 10% 5% 15% 45% $0.20 8 0.50
Exterior Lighting ‐ Photovoltaic Installation Exterior Lighting 75% 75% 5% 13% $0.92 5 0.06
Interior Screw‐in ‐ Task Lighting Interior Lighting 7% 4% 10% 75% $0.24 5 0.03
Interior Lighting ‐ Time Clocks and Timers Interior Lighting 5% 3% 2% 56% $0.20 8 0.25
Exterior Lighting ‐ Cold Cathode Lighting Exterior Lighting 1% 1% 5% 25% $0.00 5 0.41
Advanced New Construction Designs Cooling 40% 0% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Space Heating 40% 30% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Advanced New Construction Designs Interior Lighting 25% 19% 5% 75% $2.00 35 2.67
Custom Measures Cooling 8% 0% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Space Heating 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Interior Lighting 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Custom Measures Machine Drive 8% 6% 10% 45% $1.60 15 1.28
Furnace ‐ Convert to Gas Space Heating 100% 100% 0% 0% $4.00 15 2.51
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 831
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 832

Global Energy Partners E-1
An EnerNOC Company
APPENDIX E
REFERENCES
American Home Appliance Manufacturers, “Today’s Energy Standards for Refrigerators Reflect
Consensus by Advocates, Industry to Increase Appliance Efficiency,” September 27, 2010 press
release, http://www.aham.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/50432.
Appliance Standards Awareness Project; http://www.standardsasap.org.
Avista Corporation, 2009 Electric Integrated Resource Plan, August 31, 2009.
Avista Corporation, System Load Research Project report, March 2010, prepared by KEMA.
California Public Utilities Commission, Database for Energy Efficient Resources (DEER), 2009,
http://www.deeresources.com.
Dun and Bradstreet Data, ZapData, http://www.dnb.com and http://www.zapdata.com.
California Energy Commission, Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS), 2010,
http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/rass/.
California Energy Commission, Commercial End-Use Survey (CEUS), 2006,
http://www.energy.ca.gov/ceus/.
Electric Power Research Institute, Assessment of Achievable Potential from Energy Efficiency and
Demand Response Programs in the U.S. EPRI National Potential Study, 2009.
ELEEK Lamping Guide; http://www.eleekinc.com.
Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2011-ER, December 2010,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/forecasts/aeo/early_introduction.cfm#key.
Energy Information Administration, EIA Technology Forecast Updates – Residential and
Commercial Building Technologies – Reference Case, Second Edition (Revised), Navigant
Consulting, September 2007.
Energy Information Administration, EIA Technology Forecast Updates – Residential and
Commercial Building Technologies – Reference Case, Navigant Consulting, September 2008.
Energy Information Administration, Annual Electric Power Industry Report, EIA Form 861.
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Pub. L. 110-140. 19 December 2007. Stat.
121.1492.
Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy, ENERGY STAR Program,
http://www.energystar.gov.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, A National Assessment of Demand Response Potential,
June 2009, http://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/demand-response/dr-potential.asp.
Forsyth, G., et al., Assessing Heating Assistance Programs in Spokane County, January 2010.
Forsyth, G., Estimation and Analysis of At-risk Households (presentation), Eastern Washington
University, undated.
Global Energy Partners, Building Energy Simulation Tool (BEST).
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 833
References

E-2 www.gepllc.com

Global Energy Partners, Energy Market Profiles Database.
Global Energy Partners, Database of Energy Efficiency Measures (DEEM).
Global Energy Partners, EnergyShapeTM Database.
Grainger Catalog Volume 398, 2007–2008.
Inland Power & Light Customer Energy Efficiency Study Executive Summary Report, Robinson
Research, January 2009.
Mills, E., Building Commissioning, A Golden Opportunity for Reducing Energy Costs and
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, July 21, 2009,
http://cx.lbl.gov/documents/2009-assessment/LBNL-Cx-Cost-Benefit.pdf.
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Vision for
2025: Developing a Framework for Change, 2007, www.epa.gov/eeactionplan.
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, 2009 Northwest Commercial Building Stock
Assessment (10-211), http://neea.org/research/reportdetail.aspx?ID=546.
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, Single-Family Residential Existing Construction Stock
Assessment, Market Research Report, E07-179 (10/2007),
http://neea.org/research/reportdetail.aspx?ID=194.
Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Sixth Power Plan Conservation Supply Curve
Workbooks, 2010, http://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/powerplan/6/supplycurves/default.htm.
Robinson Research, Inland Power & Light Customer Energy Efficiency Study Executive Summary
Report, January 2009.
RS Means, Building Construction Cost Data, 2011.
RS Means, Facilities Maintenance and Repair Cost Data, 2011.
RS Means, Green Buildings Project Planning & Cost Estimating Third Edition, 2011.
RS Means, Mechanical Construction Costs, 2011.
Spokane County, https://edis.commerce.state.nc.us/docs/countyProfile/WA/53063.pdf

U. S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, http://www.census.gov/acs/www/.
U. S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census, http://www.census.gov/econ/census07/.
U. S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates, http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2009-
4.htm.
U. S. Census Bureau, Quick Facts, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/download_data.html
U. S. Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.
U.S. Department of Energy’s Appliances and Commercial Equipment Standards Program:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/index.html.
U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Program, Multi Year Program Plan – Building
Regulatory Programs - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, October 2010.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services, LIHEAP Clearinghouse,
http://liheap.ncat.org/profiles/povertytables/FY2010/popstate.htm.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 834
References
Global Energy Partners E-3
An EnerNOC Company
U.S. Green Building Council, LEED New Construction & Major Renovation, 2008.
Washington Office of Financial Management, Long-term Forecast of Washington Personal
Income, http://www.ofm.wa.gov/economy/longterm/2009/lt09ch4.pdf and
http://www.ofm.wa.gov/economy/hhinc/.

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 835
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 836

Global Energy Partners E-1
An EnerNOC Company

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 837
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 838

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 839

Global Energy Partners
An EnerNOC Company
500 Ygnacio Valley Road, Suite 450
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
P: 925.482.2000
F: 925.284.3147 E: [e-mail]
ABOUT GLOBAL
Global Energy Partners is a premier provider of energy and
environmental engineering and technical services to utilities,
energy companies, research organizations, government/regulatory agencies and private industry.
Global’s offerings range from strategic planning to turn-key
program design and implementation and technology applications.
Global is a wholly-owned subsidiary of EnerNOC, Inc committed
to helping its clients achieve strategic business objectives with a
staff of world-class experts, state of the art tools, and proven
methodologies.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 840

2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix E – North Idaho
Transmission Study

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 841
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 1

Interoffice Memorandum
System Planning
MEMO: SP-2011-08 Rev A
DATE: August 11, 2011
TO: James Gall, IRP Group
FROM: Reuben Arts
SUBJECT: 500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area

Introduction
Based on initial 2011 IRP analysis 200 MW of new capacity is required in 2019-2020 and an additional
300 MW of capacity in the 2022-2024 time period. North Idaho is one of several potential locations this
capacity could be added, but requires further detail to understand its potential.
Problem Statement
The IRP group is specifically interested in the cost for both the point of integration (POI) station and
associated system upgrades, to integrate the new generation with the following options:
1. Cabinet-Rathdrum 230 kV transmission line (assume 5 miles from Rathdrum)
2. Rathdrum-Boulder 230 kV transmission line (assume Lancaster looped in, and assume the
generation is half way between Lancaster and Rathdrum)
3. Rathdrum-Beacon 230 kV transmission line (assume 1-2 miles from Rathdrum)
4. Double Tap, Rathdrum-Boulder and Rathdrum-Beacon 230 kV transmission lines (again assume
Lancaster is looped in and that the new generation will tap between Lancaster and Rathdrum)
5. Mixed location. 300 MW at the least cost option (between 1 and 4) and an additional 200 MW on
the Cabinet-Rathdrum 230 kV transmission line.
6. Other Transmission Alternatives

Power Flow Analysis
The case that was used to highlight the impacts of an additional 500 MW in the Rathdrum area was the
WECC approved and Avista modified light summer high flow case (AVA-11ls1ae-12BA1251-WOH4277).
The West of Hatwai path typically experiences high flows during light Avista load hours. High West of
Hatwai flows tend to coincide with high Western Montana Hydro generation, high Boundary generation,
high flows on Montana to Northwest, and light loads in Eastern Washington, North Idaho, and Montana.
Existing Clark Fork RAS is in place, and assumed armed, since the Western Montana Hydro (WMH)
complex is greater than 1450 MW. Since the New Project would require significant Avista system
transmission changes, and RAS changes, the results are listed as though RAS were not armed. This does
affect the results of some contingencies, but ultimately does not change the conclusions of this memo.

Option 1
Perhaps one of the worst performing arrangements is option 1.This option immediately requires another
line, or a line reconductor, from the 500 MW project back to Rathdrum. In order to stay within N-0 thermal
limits the project can only be 175 MW without any system upgrades. In a high flow, N-0 scenario, the line
segment from the project back to Rathdrum loads to around 163%, which is roughly 272 MW overloaded.
There are a handful of N-1 and N-2 contingencies that cause significant thermal violations, the worst N-1
being the loss of the 230 kV transmission line from the new project to Rathdrum. See Figure 1
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 842
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 2

Figure 1 – N-1 Contingency

In addition to this worst case outage there are two N-2 scenarios that cause fairly significant problems as
well. The Beacon-Rathdrum and Boulder-Lancaster-Rathdrum 230 kV transmission lines share a common
structure for the majority of the line lengths. Losing both lines to the west of Lancaster causes the Bell S3-
Lancaster 230 kV transmission line to overload. Losing both lines to the east of Lancaster, causes nearly
the same scenario as shown in Figure 1.
To alleviate these overloads three new 230 kV transmission lines, would need to be built. First the
Rathdrum-New Project 230 kV transmission line must be reconductored at a cost of roughly $2.25M.
Second, A 230 kV transmission line, with new right-of-way, must be built from the New Project to
Lancaster. The estimated distance for this line is roughly 5 miles. The estimated loaded cost for this line,
including a new line position at Lancaster and at the New Project, is roughly $9M. Finally, another 230 kV
transmission line, again with new right-of-way, is required from Lancaster to Boulder. This line length is
estimate at roughly 15 miles. The estimated loaded cost of the new line, including new line positions, is
roughly $17M. New right-of-way in this area will be difficult to obtain, which would have the potential of
more than doubling costs.
RAS may be a viable solution. If at all possible RAS should be a last resort. Unlike improving our
transmission system, RAS does not provide operational flexibility and in some cases can compound the
impacts of future generation needs. However, it does represent the cheapest solution and is therefore
listed as solution 1.

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 843
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 3

Option 1 N-0 Max.
Output
Facility Requirement1 Total2
($000)
Solution 1 500 MW Reconductor 230 kV transmission line from new station to
Rathdrum, New 230 kV DB-DB Station and RAS3 13,250
Solution 2 500 MW Reconductor from Rathdrum-New Project. New line from
Lancaster to New Project. New line from Lancaster to
Boulder, New 230 kV DB-DB Station
36,250

Option 2
This option would tap the Rathdrum-Boulder, or what soon will be the Rathdrum-Lancaster-Boulder, 230
kV transmission line. This options has no N-0 issues at the full requested 500 MW. There are a handful of
N-1 and N-2 contingencies that cause significant thermal violations, the worst being the loss of the
Lancaster-Boulder & Rathdrum-Beacon 230 kV transmission lines. These lines share a common structure
and therefore represent a credible N-2 scenario. This outage causes the Lancaster-Bell S3 230 kV
transmission line to load to 189%, or roughly 450 MW above its thermal limit. See Figure 2.

Figure 2 - N-2 Contingency

To alleviate these overloads two new 230 kV transmission lines, would need to be built. A 230 kV
transmission line, with new right-of-way, must be built from the New Project to Lancaster. The estimated
distance for this line is roughly 3 miles. The estimated loaded cost for this line, including a new line
position at Lancaster and at the New Project, is roughly $8M. Another 230 kV transmission line, again with
new right-of-way, is required from Lancaster to Boulder. This line length is estimate at roughly 15 miles.
The estimated loaded cost of the new line, including new line positions, is roughly $17M. New right-of-way
in this area will be difficult to obtain, which would have the potential of more than doubling costs.
1 Cost estimates do not include costs of the radial line to the POI, the generator or generator station if applicable. 2 Total is for network and direct assigned costs, are in 2011 dollars, and is +/- 50%. 3 The RAS portion is a worst case scenario where another fiber loop is required. $3M allocated for RAS.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 844
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 4

RAS may be a viable solution. If at all possible RAS should be a last resort. Unlike improving our
transmission system, RAS does not provide operational flexibility and in some cases can compound the
impacts of future generation needs. However, it does represent the cheapest solution and is therefore
listed as solution 1.

Option 2 N-0 Max.
Output
Facility Requirement4 Total5
($000)
Solution 1 500 MW New 230 kV DB-DB Station and RAS6 11,000
Solution 2 500 MW New line from Lancaster to New Project. New line from
Lancaster to Boulder, New 230 kV DB-DB Station
33,000

Option 3
This option taps the Rathdrum-Beacon 230 kV transmission line. Again, this options has no N-0 issues at
the full requested 500 MW. There are a handful of N-1 and N-2 contingencies that cause significant
thermal violations, the worst being the loss of the Beacon-New Project & Rathdrum-Lancaster 230 kV
transmission lines. These lines share a common structure and therefore represent a credible N-2
scenario. This outage forces the entire proposed 500 MW toward Cabinet and Noxon. This causes
overloads on the Cabinet-Noxon and Pine Creek-Benewah 230 kV transmission lines. See Figure 3.

Figure 3 - N-2 Contingency

4 Cost estimates do not include costs of the radial line to the POI, the generator or generator station if applicable. 5 Total is for network and direct assigned costs, are in 2011 dollars, and is +/- 50%. 6 The RAS portion is a worst case scenario where another fiber loop is required. $3M allocated for RAS.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 845
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 5

To alleviate these overloads two new 230 kV transmission lines, would need to be built. A 230 kV
transmission line, with new right-of-way, must be built from the New Project to Lancaster. The estimated
distance for this line is roughly 3 miles. The estimated loaded cost for this line, including a new line
position at Lancaster and at the New Project, is roughly $8M. Another 230 kV transmission line, again with
new right-of-way, is required from Lancaster to Boulder. This line length is estimate at roughly 15 miles.
The estimated loaded cost of the new line, including new line positions, is roughly $17M. New right-of-way
in this area will be difficult to obtain, which would have the potential of more than doubling costs.

RAS may be a viable solution. If at all possible RAS should be a last resort. Unlike improving our
transmission system, RAS does not provide operational flexibility and in some cases can compound the
impacts of future generation needs. However, it does represent the cheapest solution and is therefore
listed as solution 1.

Option 3 N-0 Max.
Output
Facility Requirement7 Total8
($000)
Solution 1 500 MW New 230 kV DB-DB Station and RAS9 11,000
Solution 2 500 MW New line from Lancaster to New Project. New line from
Lancaster to Boulder, New 230 kV DB-DB Station
33,000

Option 4
This option taps the Rathdrum-Beacon & Rathdrum-Lancaster 230 kV transmission lines. This options has
no N-0 issues at the full requested 500 MW. There are a handful of N-1 and N-2 contingencies that cause
significant thermal violations, the worst being the loss of the Beacon-New Project & Lancaster-New
Project 230 kV transmission lines. These lines share a common structure and therefore represent a
credible N-2 scenario. This outage forces the entire proposed 500 MW toward Cabinet and Noxon. This
causes overloads on the Cabinet-Noxon and Pine Creek-Benewah 230 kV transmission lines. (Very
similar to Figure 3 on the previous page).

To alleviate these overloads two new 230 kV transmission lines, would need to be built. A 230 kV
transmission line, with new right-of-way, must be built from the New Project to Lancaster. The estimated
distance for this line is roughly 3 miles. The estimated loaded cost for this line, including a new line
position at Lancaster and at the New Project, is roughly $8M. Another 230 kV transmission line, again with
new right-of-way, is required from Lancaster to Boulder. This line length is estimate at roughly 15 miles.
The estimated loaded cost of the new line, including new line positions, is roughly $17M. New right-of-way
in this area will be difficult to obtain, which would have the potential of more than doubling costs.

RAS may be a viable solution. If at all possible RAS should be a last resort. Unlike improving our
transmission system, RAS does not provide operational flexibility and in some cases can compound the
impacts of future generation needs. However, it does represent the cheapest solution and is therefore
listed as solution 1.

Option 4 N-0 Max.
Output
Facility Requirement Total
($000)
Solution 1 500 MW New 230 kV DB-DB Station and RAS 15,000
Solution 2 500 MW New line from Lancaster to New Project. New line from
Lancaster to Boulder, New 230 kV DB-DB Station
37,000
7 Cost estimates do not include costs of the radial line to the POI, the generator or generator station if applicable. 8 Total is for network and direct assigned costs, are in 2011 dollars, and is +/- 50%. 9 The RAS portion is a worst case scenario where another fiber loop is required. $3M allocated for RAS.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 846
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 6

Option 5
This option taps the Rathdrum-Beacon & Rathdrum-Cabinet 230 kV transmission lines. A new switching
station is required for each tap. A 300 MW generating station would be on the Beacon-Rathdrum 230 kV
transmission line and 200 MW would be on the Rathdrum-Cabinet 230 kV transmission line. This option
has no N-0 issues at the full requested 500 MW. There are a handful of N-1 and N-2 contingencies that
cause significant thermal violations, the worst being the loss of the Beacon-New Project & Lancaster-
Rathdrum 230 kV transmission lines. These lines share a common structure and therefore represent a
credible N-2 scenario. This outage forces the entire proposed 500 MW toward Cabinet and Noxon. This
causes overloads on the Cabinet-Noxon and Pine Creek-Benewah 230 kV transmission lines. (Very
similar to what was shown in Figure 3).

To alleviate these overloads three new 230 kV transmission lines, would need to be built. A 230 kV
transmission line, with new right-of-way, must be built from the New Project (300MW piece) to Lancaster.
The estimated distance for this line is roughly 5 miles. The estimated loaded cost for this line, including a
new line position at Lancaster and at the New Project, is roughly $9M. Another 230 kV transmission line,
again with new right-of-way, is required from Lancaster to Boulder. This line length is estimate at roughly
15 miles. The estimated loaded cost of the new line, including new line positions, is roughly $17M. Finally,
for the loss of the Rathdrum-New Project (200MW piece) 230 kV transmission line, causes the Cabinet-
Noxon 230 kV transmission line to load to 117%. To alleviate this overload a new line, with new right-of-
way must be built back to Rathdrum. The estimated loaded cost of this 5 mile line, along with associated
line positions, is $9M. New right-of-way in this area will be difficult to obtain, which would have the
potential of more than doubling costs.

RAS may be a viable solution. If at all possible RAS should be a last resort. Unlike improving our
transmission system, RAS does not provide operational flexibility and in some cases can compound the
impacts of future generation needs. However, it does represent the cheapest solution and is therefore
listed as solution 1.
Option 5 N-0 Max.
Output
Facility Requirement10 Total11
($000)
Solution 1 500 MW Two New 230 kV DB-DB Stations and RAS12 22,000
Solution 2 500 MW Two New 230 kV DB-DB Stations, New line from Lancaster
to New Project (300MW). New line from Lancaster to
Boulder, New line from New Project (200MW) to Rathdrum
51,000

Option 6 – Other Transmission Alternatives
In addition to the five options listed, there are a few more options that may seem to be intuitive
interconnection points. These integration options are:
a. Lancaster 230 kV (BPA) switching station
b. Rathdrum 230/115/13.2 kV substation
c. Cabinet-Rathdrum & Noxon-Lancaster 230 kV transmission lines
d. Bell-Taft 500 kV transmission line

Option 6a - Connecting to the Lancaster 230 kV switching station would save Avista the cost of a new
switching station. It would also negate the need for a new transmission line, with associated right-of-way,
from the new project to Lancaster. The estimated savings, adding the previously quoted loaded costs, less
10 Cost estimates do not include costs of the radial line to the POI, the generator or generator station if applicable. 11 Total is for network and direct assigned costs, are in 2011 dollars, and is +/- 50%. 12 The RAS portion is a worst case scenario where another fiber loop is required. $3M allocated for RAS.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 847
500 MW of New Generation in the Rathdrum Area Page 7

the added cost of connecting to Lancaster, is $13M13. This does not take into account any fees associated
with connecting to BPA. This option assumes there is room in the Lancaster substation to accept the new
line position. If Lancaster substation cannot accommodate the new line position, the cost savings to
interconnect at Lancaster may be negligible or non-existent.
This option would still have all the contingency issues and associated upgrades similar to Option 2.

Option 6b - Connecting to the Rathdrum substation saves the cost of building another switching station. All
contingency results are nearly identical to connecting the project to option 2 or option 3. The estimated
savings of this option is $4M14. This option assumes there is room in the Rathdrum substation to accept
the new line position. If Rathdrum substation cannot accommodate the new line position, the cost savings
to interconnect at Rathdrum may be negligible or non-existent.

Option 6c – Tapping the Cabinet-Rathdrum & Noxon-Lancaster 230 kV transmission lines does improve
the network performance, in comparison to tapping only the Cabinet-Rathdrum 230 kV transmission line.
However, this option still requires all the same network upgrades that option 1 requires since it is still
possible to have an N-2 situation where the generation of the New Project, Noxon and Cabinet is
separated from the Coeur d’Alene/Spokane load. (See Figure 1). This option is listed for completeness.

Option 6d - Connecting solely to the Bell-Taft 500 kV transmission line cannot be done without RAS and
possibly some network upgrades on BPA’s system. In addition to the network upgrades that would likely
be required on BPA’s system, Avista would also be financially liable to pay wheeling fees from the new
project across BPA’s lines to Avista’s load. If the project is connected to both BPA’s Bell-Taft 500 kV
transmission line and Avista’s Rathdrum area 230 kV system, effectively avoiding wheeling charges, both
RAS and significant network upgrades will be required. Due to the cost of a new 500 kV substation,
associated RAS and the potentially large cost of network upgrades on BPA’s 500 kV system, this option is
not recommended.

Conclusion
Of the formally identified options, options 2 and 3 represent the least cost and best performing options. Of
the other transmission alternatives, the Lancaster switching station, followed by the Rathdrum substation,
interconnection options represent the least cost and best performing alternative options. The following
favorable options are:
Option 2: $11-33M (RAS only vs System Upgrades)15
Option 3: $11-33M (RAS only vs System Upgrades)15
Lancaster Alternative Option: $7-20M (RAS only vs System Upgrades)
Rathdrum Alternative Option: $7-33M (RAS only vs System Upgrades)

13 Assumes a network upgrade solution would be pursued, instead of a RAS only solution. 14 This $4M savings would be for either a RAS only or a network upgrade solution. 15 If the new project is interconnected to the west of Lancaster, the Lancaster-New Project 230 kV transmission line
is not needed. Hence the network upgrade cost would be reduced by $8M.
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 848

2011 Electric Integrated
Resource Plan

Appendix F – 2011 Electric IRP
New Resource Table for
Transmission

Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 849
Resource POR Capacity Year
Resource Location or Local Area POD Start Stop MW Total
Noxon 4 (incremental)Noxon, MT Noxon, MT AVA System 4/1/2012 Indefinite 14.0
Wind Oaksdale, WA Thorton AVA System 8/1/2012 Indefinite 102.0 116.0
Lancaster CCCT Rathdrum, ID Bell/Westside AVA System 1/1/2013 10/31/2026 125.0
Lancaster CCCT Rathdrum, ID Mid-C AVA System 1/1/2013 10/31/2026 150.0 275.0
Coyote Springs 2 Boardman, OR Coyote Springs 2 AVA System 5/1/2018 Indefinite 16.0 16.0
SCCT TBD TBD AVA System 1/1/2019 Indefinite 86.3 86.3
Wind Reardan, WA Reardan AVA System 1/1/2020 Indefinite 60.0 60.0
Wind Reardan, WA Reardan AVA System 1/1/2021 Indefinite 60.0
SCCT TBD TBD AVA System 1/1/2021 Indefinite 86.3 146.3
CCCT TBD TBD AVA System 1/1/2024 Indefinite 280.8 280.8
CCCT TBD TBD AVA System 11/1/2026 Indefinite 280.8 280.8
SCCT TBD TBD AVA System 1/1/2030 Indefinite 47.8 47.8
Total 1309 1309
August 18, 2011
2011 Avista IRP
New Resource Table For Transmission
Avista 2011 Electric Integrated Resource Plan 850