20200522IPC to Staff Attachment 11.PDF

Chapter Title i
Technical Reference Manual 2.2

Prepared for
Idaho Power Company
October 15, 2018

Prepared by:

ADM Associates, Inc.
3239 Ramos Circle
Sacramento, CA 95827
[phone]

i
Table of Contents
1. Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method .....................................................15
1.1. Purpose .....................................................................................................................15
1.2. Methodology and Framework ....................................................................................15
1.3. Weather Data Used for Weather Sensitive Measures ................................................16
1.4. Peak Demand Savings and Peak Demand Window Definition ...................................18
1.5. Description of Prototypical Building Simulation Models ..............................................19
1.6. Application of Stacking Effects in the TRM ................................................................20
2. Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings Measures ...............................................25
2.1. Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) ........................................26
2.2. Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) .........................................................44
2.3. Efficient Vending Machines........................................................................................48
2.4. Vending Machine Controls .........................................................................................51
2.5. Efficient Washing Machines .......................................................................................55
2.6. Wall Insulation ...........................................................................................................59
2.7. Ceiling Insulation .......................................................................................................67
2.8. Reflective Roof ..........................................................................................................75
2.9. Efficient Windows ......................................................................................................79
2.10. HVAC Controls ..........................................................................................................89
2.11. Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems ............................................ 107
2.12. High Efficiency Air Conditioning ............................................................................... 111
2.13. High Efficiency Heat Pumps .................................................................................... 119
2.14. High Efficiency Chillers ............................................................................................ 130
2.15. Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) ................................................................ 138
2.16. Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) ............................................. 142
2.17. Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) ............................................... 145
2.18. Water-Side Economizers ......................................................................................... 153
2.19. Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers ............................................................................... 155
2.20. Kitchen: Ice Machines .............................................................................................. 161
2.21. Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers ................................................................................. 165

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2.22. Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases .............................................................. 170
2.23. Refrigeration: ASH Controls ..................................................................................... 173
2.24. Refrigeration: Auto-Closer ....................................................................................... 176
2.25. Refrigeration: Condensers ....................................................................................... 179
2.26. Refrigeration: Controls ............................................................................................. 181
2.27. Refrigeration: Door Gasket ...................................................................................... 185
2.28. Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans ................................................................................. 188
2.29. Refrigeration: Insulation ........................................................................................... 199
2.30. Refrigeration: Night Covers ...................................................................................... 202
2.31. Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass ................................................................................... 204
2.32. PC Management Software ....................................................................................... 206
2.33. Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) .................................................. 209
2.34. Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors ............................................................ 213
2.35. High Volume Low Speed Fans ................................................................................ 217
2.36. HVAC Fan Motor Belts ............................................................................................ 220
2.37. Refrigeration Strip Curtains...................................................................................... 223
2.38. Electronically Commutated Motor in HVAC Units ..................................................... 226
2.39. Engine Block Heater ................................................................................................ 229
2.40. Dairy Pump VFD ...................................................................................................... 232
2.41. Compressed Air Measures ...................................................................................... 235
2.42. Smart Power Strip ................................................................................................... 241
2.43. Potato and Onion Ventilation Variable Frequency Drive .......................................... 243
2.44. Kitchen Ventilation Hood ......................................................................................... 245
2.45. Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) ................................................................... 248
2.46. Generator: Circulating Block Heater ........................................................................ 251
3. Appendix A: Document Revision History .................................................................... 254
4. Appendix B .................................................................................................................... 257
4.1. Optimum Start Stop ................................................................................................. 257
4.2. Economizer Controls ............................................................................................... 257
4.3. Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) .......................................................................... 259
4.4. Supply Air Temperature Reset Controls................................................................... 259

iii
4.5. Chilled Water Reset Controls ................................................................................... 259
4.6. Condenser Water Reset Controls ............................................................................ 260

iv
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Map of Idaho Power Company Service Territory ......................................................16
Figure 1-2 Map Illustrating ASHRAE Weather Zones ................................................................17
Figure 1-3 Comparison of Monthly Average Temperatures .......................................................18
Figure 1-4 Hypothetical Hourly Savings Profile Used to Illustrate Calculation of Coincidence
Factor ................................................................................................................................19

v
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Stacking Effect Discount Factors ...............................................................................21
Table 2-1 Typical Savings Estimates for 10% Interior LPD Improvement (New Construction) ...26
Table 2-2 Typical Savings Estimates for 20% Interior LPD Improvement ..................................26
Table 2-3 Typical Savings Estimates for >= 30% Interior LPD Improvement .............................27
Table 2-4 Typical Savings Estimates for 60% Interior LPD Improvement ..................................27
Table 2-5 Typical Savings Estimates for Daylighting Controls (New Construction) ....................27
Table 2-6 Typical Savings Estimates for Occupancy Sensors (New Construction) ....................28
Table 2-7 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Exit Signs .....................................................28
Table 2-8 Stipulated Lighting Hours of Use (HOU) by Building Type .........................................32
Table 2-9 Baseline Lighting Power Densities by Building Type – Building Area Method ............33
Table 2-10 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2012) .........34
Table 2-11 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2015) .........35
Table 2-12 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2012) .............37
Table 2-13 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2015) .............38
Table 2-14 Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors by Building Type and Weather Zone ........40
Table 2-15 Peak Demand Coincidence Factors by Building Type .............................................41
Table 2-16 Controls Savings Factors by Building and Control Type ..........................................42
Table 2-17 Mandatory Lighting Control Space Types, IECC 2015.............................................43
Table 2-18 Stipulated Fixture Wattages for Various LED Exit Signs ..........................................43
Table 2-19 Typical Savings Estimates for Exterior LPD Improvement (New Construction) ........44
Table 2-20 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Tradable Surfaces .......................46
Table 2-21 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Non-Tradable Surfaces ................47
Table 2-22 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Vending Machines ......................................48
Table 2-23 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines - Retrofit .................................50
Table 2-24 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines – New Construction ...............50
Table 2-25 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Beverage Vending Machine Controls .....51
Table 2-26 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Other Cold Product Vending Machine
Controls .............................................................................................................................51
Table 2-27 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Non-Cooled Snack Vending Machine
Controls .............................................................................................................................52

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Table 2-28 Unit Energy Savings for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls ................................54
Table 2-29 Unit Energy Savings for Retrofit and New Construction Class A & B Cold Beverage
Vending Machine Controls ................................................................................................54
Table 2-30 Measure Equipment and Labor Costs for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls ......54
Table 2-31 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Washing Machines ...................55
Table 2-32 Unit Energy Savings for Laundromat Efficient Washing Machines ..........................58
Table 2-33 Unit Energy Savings for Multifamily Efficient Washing Machines .............................58
Table 2-34 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling Only) ..................................59
Table 2-35 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling & Heating) ..........................60
Table 2-36 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation - Retrofit .............................................62
Table 2-37 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation – New Construction ............................62
Table 2-38 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 5.....63
Table 2-39 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 6.....63
Table 2-40 Stipulated Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type ..............................64
Table 2-41 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ..........................................................65
Table 2-42 Heating and Cooling Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type .............66
Table 2-43 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling Only) ..............................67
Table 2-44 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling & Heating) ......................68
Table 2-45 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation Retrofit from R11 to R38/R49 .......68
Table 2-46 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation - Retrofit .........................................71
Table 2-47 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation – New Construction ........................71
Table 2-48 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 5 .......................71
Table 2-49 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 6 .......................71
Table 2-50 International Energy Conservation Code 2015 Chapter 4 ........................................72
Table 2-51 Base Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type ......................................72
Table 2-52 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ..........................................................73
Table 2-53 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type .............................74
Table 2-54 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Low-Slope Roof (2:12 or less) Reflective
Roof ..................................................................................................................................75
Table 2-55 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Steep-Slope Roof (>2:12) Reflective Roof
..........................................................................................................................................75
Table 2-56 Unit Energy Savings for Low-Slope (<= 2:12) Reflective Roof .................................77

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Table 2-57 Unit Energy Savings for Steep-Slope (> 2:12) Reflective Roof ................................78
Table 2-58 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Cooling Only) .............................79
Table 2-59 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Heating and Cooling) .................79
Table 2-60 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling Only) ...........................80
Table 2-61 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling and Heating) ................80
Table 2-62 Retrofit Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft. .......................................................................83
Table 2-63 New Construction Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft. ......................................................83
Table 2-64 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for Zone 5 each Building Type ................................84
Table 2-65 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for Zone 6 each Building Type ................................85
Table 2-66 Baseline U-Factor and SHGC for Each Building ......................................................86
Table 2-67 Average Heating/Cooling COP ................................................................................86
Table 2-68 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type .............................87
Table 2-69 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ..........................................................88
Table 2-70 Typical Savings Estimates for Air-Side Economizer Only (New and Repair) ...........89
Table 2-71 Typical Savings Estimates for Demand Controlled Ventilation Only ........................90
Table 2-72 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/1 Strategy Implemented ..90
Table 2-73 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 2 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................90
Table 2-74 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 3 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................91
Table 2-75 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 4 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................91
Table 2-76 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 5 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................91
Table 2-77 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 6 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................92
Table 2-78 HVAC System Types...............................................................................................92
Table 2-79 EMS Measures .......................................................................................................93
Table 2-80 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 5 ......................................94
Table 2-81 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 5 .....................97
Table 2-82 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 6 ......................................99
Table 2-83 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 6 ................... 101
Table 2-84 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5 ................. 103

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Table 2-85 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5 103
Table 2-86 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6 ................. 104
Table 2-87 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6 104
Table 2-88 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 5 .......................................... 105
Table 2-89 Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 5 ......................... 105
Table 2-90 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 6 .......................................... 106
Table 2-91 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 6 .................. 106
Table 2-92 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (w/o Housekeeping Set-Backs) .................. 107
Table 2-93 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (With Housekeeping Set-Backs) ................. 107
Table 2-94 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (Average) ................................................... 108
Table 2-95 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems - Retrofit ................................................ 110
Table 2-96 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2009) .......... 110
Table 2-97 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2012) .......... 110
Table 2-98 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2015) .......... 110
Table 2-99 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – CEE Code Standard
Incremental ..................................................................................................................... 111
Table 2-100 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency PTAC – IECC 2015 Code Standard
........................................................................................................................................ 111
Table 2-101 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – Retrofit Baseline to CEE Tier 1 ......... 114
Table 2-102 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2015) Baseline
to CEE 2016 Tier 1 .......................................................................................................... 114
Table 2-103 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – CEE 2016 Tier 1 to Tier 2 ................. 115
Table 2-104 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Cooling and Heating Hours (EFLH) by Building Type
........................................................................................................................................ 116
Table 2-105 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ...................................................... 117
Table 2-106 CEE 2016 Minimum Efficiencies by Unit Type for All Tiers .................................. 117
Table 2-107 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps – CEE Tier Structure
........................................................................................................................................ 119
Table 2-108 Typical Savings Estimates for Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps by Percentage –
IECC 2015 Code Baseline ............................................................................................... 120
Table 2-109 Typical Savings Estimates for Geothermal Heat Pumps by Percentage – IECC 2015
Code Baseline ................................................................................................................. 120
Table 2-110 Typical Savings Estimates for Electric Resistance Baseboard Heating to IECC 2015
Code Baseline for PTHP Replacement ............................................................................ 121

ix
Table 2-111 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit to CEE 2016 Tier 1123
Table 2-112 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – New Construction (IECC 2015)
Base to CEE 2016 Tier 1 ................................................................................................. 124
Table 2-113 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – CEE 2016 Tier 1 to Tier 2 .. 124
Table 2-114 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit to IECC 2015 New
Construction .................................................................................................................... 125
Table 2-115 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 10% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction ................................................................................................... 125
Table 2-116 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 20% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction ................................................................................................... 126
Table 2-117 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 30% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction ................................................................................................... 126
Table 2-118 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type ......................... 127
Table 2-119 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ...................................................... 128
Table 2-120 CEE 2016 Baseline Efficiency by Unit Type ........................................................ 129
Table 2-121 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Chillers ........................................ 130
Table 2-122 Deemed Measure Savings for Retrofit, IECC 2015 ............................................. 132
Table 2-123 Deemed Measure Savings for New Construction, IECC 2015 ............................. 133
Table 2-124 Baseline Code Requirements, IECC 2015 ........................................................... 134
Table 2-125 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type ......................... 135
Table 2-126 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ...................................................... 136
Table 2-127 Code Baseline COP and IPLV by Unit Type ........................................................ 137
Table 2-128 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (All) ..................................... 138
Table 2-129 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Direct) ................................ 139
Table 2-130 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Indirect) .............................. 139
Table 2-131 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 5 ......................... 141
Table 2-132 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 6 ......................... 141
Table 2-133 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Chillers) ...... 142
Table 2-134 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Refrigeration
Systems) ......................................................................................................................... 142
Table 2-135 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Chilled Water Pumps,
Condensing Water Pumps, and Cooling Tower Fans ...................................................... 145
Table 2-136 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Fans & Hot Water
Pumps ............................................................................................................................. 145

x
Table 2-137 Stipulated Hours of Use for Commercial HVAC Motors ....................................... 147
Table 2-138 Stipulated Energy Savings Factors (ESF) for Commercial HVAC VFD Installations
........................................................................................................................................ 150
Table 2-139 Typical Savings Estimates for Water-Side Economizers ..................................... 153
Table 2-140 Water Side Economizer Savings ......................................................................... 154
Table 2-141 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (< 30 ft3) ............... 155
Table 2-142 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (30 to 50 ft3).......... 155
Table 2-143 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (< 30 ft3) ...................... 156
Table 2-144 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (30 to 50 ft3) ................ 156
Table 2-145 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units less than 15 cu.ft ............................. 158
Table 2-146 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 15 to 30 cu.ft. .................................. 158
Table 2-147 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 30 to 50 cu.ft. .................................. 159
Table 2-148 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units greater than 50 cu.ft. ....................... 159
Table 2-149 List of Incremental Cost Data for Refrigerators and Freezers. ............................. 160
Table 2-150 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (<200 lbs/day) ................................ 161
Table 2-151 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (>200 lbs/day) ................................ 161
Table 2-152 Unit Energy Savings for Ice Machine ................................................................... 164
Table 2-153 Unit Incremental Cost for Ice Machines ............................................................... 164
Table 2-154 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Over the Counter Dishwashers (All Electric)
........................................................................................................................................ 165
Table 2-155 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Over the Counter Dishwashers (Gas Heater
with Electric Booster) ....................................................................................................... 165
Table 2-156 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Under the Counter Dishwashers (All Electric)
........................................................................................................................................ 166
Table 2-157 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Under the Counter Dishwashers (Gas Heater
with Electric Booster) ....................................................................................................... 166
Table 2-158 Idle Rate Requirements for Low Temperature Dishwashers ................................ 166
Table 2-159 Idle Rate Requirements for High Temperature Dishwashers ............................... 167
Table 2-160 Coincidence Factor for Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 118 ................................. 168
Table 2-161 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for All Electric Kitchen: Efficient
Dishwashers .................................................................................................................... 168
Table 2-162 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for Gas Heater with Electric Booster
Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers ........................................................................................ 169

xi
Table 2-163 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigerated Cases ................................ 170
Table 2-164 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigerated Cases .......................................... 172
Table 2-165 Typical Savings Estimates for ASH Controls ....................................................... 173
Table 2-166 Connected Load for Typical Reach-In Case ........................................................ 175
Table 2-167 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Low-Temp) ...................... 176
Table 2-168 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Med-Temp) ...................... 176
Table 2-169 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Low-Temp) .................... 177
Table 2-170 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Med-Temp) ................... 177
Table 2-171 Unit Energy and Demand Savings Estimates ...................................................... 178
Table 2-172 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser ...... 179
Table 2-173 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser .................................. 180
Table 2-174 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Suction Pressure Controls (Only) ........... 181
Table 2-175 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head Pressure Controls (Only) ............... 181
Table 2-176 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head and Suction Pressure Controls ...... 182
Table 2-177 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for Retrofit Projects ....................... 184
Table 2-178 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for New Construction Projects ....... 184
Table 2-179 Typical Savings Estimates for Door Gaskets ....................................................... 185
Table 2-180 Unit Energy Savings for Door Gaskets ................................................................ 187
Table 2-181 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in and Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls ... 188
Table 2-182 Typical Savings Estimates for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Motors ............................ 188
Table 2-183 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in Evaporator Fan Motors ......................... 189
Table 2-184 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Reach-ins ............................. 191
Table 2-185 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Reach-ins ............................................. 192
Table 2-186 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Reach-
ins ................................................................................................................................... 193
Table 2-187 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Walk-ins................................ 193
Table 2-188 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-ins ............................................... 194
Table 2-189 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-ins
........................................................................................................................................ 195
Table 2-190 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls .......... 196
Table 2-191 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-in
Evaporator Fan Controls ................................................................................................. 198

xii
Table 2-192 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Medium-Temperature
Coolers ............................................................................................................................ 199
Table 2-193 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Low-Temperature Freezers
........................................................................................................................................ 199
Table 2-194 Unit Energy Savings for Suction Line Insulation .................................................. 201
Table 2-195 Typical Savings Estimates for Night Covers ........................................................ 202
Table 2-196 Unit Energy Savings for Refrigeration: Night Covers ........................................... 203
Table 2-197 Typical Savings Estimates for Low/No Heat Doors .............................................. 204
Table 2-198 Stipulated Energy and Demand Savings Estimates for “No-Heat Glass” ............. 205
Table 2-199 Typical Savings Estimates for PC Power Management Software ........................ 206
Table 2-200 Unit Energy Savings for PC Power Management Software ................................. 208
Table 2-201 Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) .............................................. 209
Table 2-202 Deemed Per/HP savings values .......................................................................... 212
Table 2-203 Coefficients for Process Loading Factors (Fi) Curve-Fits ..................................... 212
Table 2-204 Coincidence Factors............................................................................................ 212
Table 2-205 Typical Saving Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Refrigerator to Dock . 213
Table 2-206 Typical Savings Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Freezer to Dock ...... 213
Table 2-207 Typical Savings Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Freezer to Refrigerator
........................................................................................................................................ 214
Table 2-208 Typical Freezer and Refrigerator Properties ........................................................ 216
Table 2-209 Typical Saving Estimate for High Volume Low Speed Fans in Unconditioned Spaces
........................................................................................................................................ 217
Table 2-210 Typical Savings Estimate for High Volume Low Speed Fans in Conditioned Spaces
........................................................................................................................................ 217
Table 2-211 Fan Replacement Wattage by Fan Diameter ....................................................... 219
Table 2-212 Average Savings by Fan Diameter in Unconditioned Space ................................ 219
Table 2-213 Fan Hours by Building Type ................................................................................ 219
Table 2-214 Estimated Savings for Conditioned Spaces ......................................................... 219
Table 2-215 Typical Saving Estimate for Cogged HVAC Fan Belts ......................................... 220
Table 2-216 Typical Saving Estimate for Synchronized HVAC Fan Belts ................................ 220
Table 2-217 Energy Savings Factor by Belt Replacement ...................................................... 222
Table 2-218 Typical Occupancy Hours by Building Type ........................................................ 222
Table 2-219 Typical Saving Estimate for Freezer Strip Curtains ............................................. 223

xiii
Table 2-220 Typical Saving Estimate for Refrigerated Strip Curtains ...................................... 223
Table 2-221 Typical Savings Parameters by Building Type ..................................................... 225
Table 2-222 Typical Saving Estimate for Fan Motors in HVAC Units ....................................... 226
Table 2-223 Typical Occupancy Hours by Building Type ........................................................ 228
Table 2-224 Typical Motor Replacement Parameters .............................................................. 228
Table 2-225 Typical Saving Estimate for Wall Mounted Engine Block Heater Controls ........... 229
Table 2-226 Typical Saving Estimate for Engine Mounted Engine Block Heater Controls ....... 229
Table 2-227 Typical Vehicle Hours of Operation ..................................................................... 231
Table 2-228 Typical Engine Block Heater Parameters ............................................................ 231
Table 2-229 Typical Effective Full Load Hours ........................................................................ 231
Table 2-230 Typical Saving Estimate for Milking Vacuum Pump VFD ..................................... 232
Table 2-231 Typical Saving Estimate for Milk Transfer Pump VFD ......................................... 232
Table 2-232 Deemed Savings for Dairy Pump VFDs............................................................... 234
Table 2-233 Typical Saving Estimate for Air Compressor VFD ............................................... 235
Table 2-234 Typical Savings Estimate for a Low Pressure Filter ............................................. 235
Table 2-235 Typical Savings Estimate for a No-Loss Condensate Drain ................................. 236
Table 2-236 Typical Savings Estimate for an Efficient Compressed Air Nozzle ....................... 236
Table 2-237 Typical Saving Estimate for an Efficient Refrigerated Compressed Air Dryer ...... 237
Table 2-238 Typical Hours of Operation Based on Shift Schedules ........................................ 239
Table 2-239 Typical Parameters Based on Compressor Type ................................................ 239
Table 2-240 Typical Energy Consumption Ratio by Dryer Type .............................................. 240
Table 2-241 Typical Cost and Savings by Compressed Air Nozzle Replacement Size............ 240
Table 2-242 Typical Saving Estimate for Smart Power Strip Devices ...................................... 241
Table 2-243 Deemed Savings by Control Device .................................................................... 242
Table 2-244 Typical Savings Estimate for Potato and Onion Ventilation VFDs........................ 243
Table 2-245 Deemed Savings Normalized by Horsepower ..................................................... 244
Table 2-246 Typical Savings Estimate for Kitchen Ventilation Hood Controls ......................... 245
Table 2-247 Deemed Savings Normalized by Horsepower ..................................................... 246
Table 2-248 Average Kitchen Exhaust Hood Demand Controlled Ventilation Parameters ....... 247
Table 2-249 Typical Savings Estimate for a Dedicated Outdoor Air System ............................ 248
Table 2-250 Energy Savings for New Construction DOAS ...................................................... 250

xiv
Table 2-251 Energy Savings for Retrofit DOAS ....................................................................... 250
Table 2-252 Energy Savings and Cost Estimates for New Construction based on Baseline HVAC
type ................................................................................................................................. 250
Table 2-253 Typical Savings Estimate for a Circulating Block Heater on a Backup Generator <
3 kW ................................................................................................................................ 251
Table 2-254 Typical Savings Estimate for a Circulating Block Heater on a Backup Generator 3-
12 kW .............................................................................................................................. 251
Table 2-255 Stipulated Energy Savings Based on Generator Size .......................................... 253
Table 3-1 Document Revision History ..................................................................................... 254
Table 4-1 List of Eligible HVAC Control Measures .................................................................. 257

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 15
1. Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method
This Technical Reference Manual (TRM) is a compilation of stipulated algorithms and values for
various energy efficiency measures implemented by Idaho Power Company's commercial
demand side management programs and serves the New Construction and Retrofit programs by
providing up to date savings estimates for the energy efficiency measures offered by the
programs. This manual is intended to facilitate the cost effectiveness screening, planning,
tracking, and energy savings reporting for the New Construction and Retrofit Energy Efficiency
incentive programs. While the algorithms and stipulated values contained in this TRM are derived
using best practices, the stipulated values should be reviewed and revised according to relevant
industry research and impact evaluation findings as necessary to ensure that they remain
accurate for the New Construction and Retrofit programs. The following sections describe many
of the processes and cross-cutting assumptions used to derive the measure level savings
estimates found in Section 2.
1.1. Purpose
This manual is intended to facilitate the cost effectiveness screening, planning, tracking, and
energy savings reporting for the New Construction and Retrofit energy efficiency incentive
programs. This document is intended to be a living document in which the stipulated values are
revised according to relevant industry research and impact evaluation findings.
1.2. Methodology and Framework
The algorithms and stipulated values contained in this TRM are derived using current industry
standard engineering best practices. Current relevant research, recent impact evaluations, and
Technical Reference Manuals developed for other states and/or regions are referenced where
appropriate. All energy savings algorithms in this TRM are designed to be applied using the simple
engineering formulas defined for each measure in conjunction with the included stipulated values.
Each measure is presented first with a summary of the technology and typical expected (per unit)
energy savings, expected useful life, and incremental cost estimates. The ‘typical’ per unit values
leverage basic assumptions regarding the geographic distribution of program participants (e.g.
weather zone) as well as participant demographics (for example distribution of building types,
efficiency of current building stock, etc.). Each measure is accompanied by a spreadsheet
calculator containing live formulas and all weights used to derive the typical per-unit estimates. It
is expected that as better information is made available regarding program participants, or as
program designs are adjusted these numbers will be updated accordingly.
Following the measure summary information, each measure section provides a description of its
scope and the spectrum of eligible projects/equipment to which the algorithms and values apply.
When applicable, a discussion of code compliance topics (for new construction projects) is
included.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 16
1.3. Weather Data Used for Weather Sensitive Measures
The service territory for Idaho Power Company covers much of southern Idaho and stretches into
eastern Oregon. This is illustrated in Figure 1-1.In order to normalize expected annual energy
savings and peak demand reductions for annual variations in weather patterns, all stipulated
values for weather sensitive measures were derived using the industry standard Typical
Meteorological Year (TMY3) weather data. While there are many weather stations in Idaho for
which TMY3 data is available, it was determined that averaging the TMY3 weather across stations
in two ASHRAE weather zones (zones 5 and 6) provided sufficient resolution without adding too
many separate variations for stipulated values reported in the TRM.

Figure 1-1 Map of Idaho Power Company Service Territory1
All stipulated values for weather sensitive measures (e.g. Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours)
are based on ‘typical’ weather data and provided separately for each of these two weather zones.
A map of the ASHRAE weather zones is provided in Figure 1-2. When separate savings estimates
are provided for different weather zones, the project location should be used to determine which
of the values are applicable. The ‘typical’ energy savings values reported at the beginning of each
measure’s section assumes a weighted average between the two weather zones using weights
of 80% and 20% for Zones 5 and 6 respectively.

1 Map represents service territory at the time of this publication.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 17

Figure 1-2 Map Illustrating ASHRAE Weather Zones2

While reviewing the weather data it was noted that while both weather zones are 'heating
dominated' Weather Zone 6 is on average cooler that Weather Zone 5. Therefore, energy
conservation measures targeting heating efficiency tend to perform much better in Zone 6.
However; measures which result in a heating penalty tend to perform better in Zone 5. Monthly
average dry bulb temperatures are compared for both weather zones in Figure 1-3.
2 Note how Idaho is bisected by Zones 5 and 6

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 18

Figure 1-3 Comparison of Monthly Average Temperatures

1.4. Peak Demand Savings and Peak Demand Window Definition
Where applicable peak demand savings estimates are derived using Idaho Power Company's
peak period definition of: weekdays from 12:00 PM to 8:00 PM, June 1 through August 31. Hourly
savings estimates are averaged over the aforementioned time period to report peak savings.
Coincidence Factors for Lighting
Coincidence factors are defined as the percentage of the demand savings which occur during
Idaho Power Company’s peak period (defined above). When hourly data are available these are
calculated by averaging the hourly demand savings over the peak period definition. This is
exemplified in Figure 1-4 which illustrates a hypothetical hourly savings profile. The highlighted
region bounds the peak period definition and the CF is calculated by taking the average demand
reduction during that period divided by the max demand reduction

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 19

Figure 1-4 Hypothetical Hourly Savings Profile Used to Illustrate Calculation of Coincidence
Factor
Thus in the example above let’s suppose that the maximum Demand savings are 10 kW and the
average kW reduction in the shaded area is 6 kW. The coincidence factor is calculated as follows: 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹𝑀𝑀 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶= 6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘10 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘= .6

1.5. Description of Prototypical Building Simulation Models
The estimated energy impacts for many of the measures in this TRM were developed using the
help of building energy simulation modeling. All of the building simulations were performed using
the DOE2.2 simulation software to simulation prototypical building models developed for the
Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER). A complete description of these models can
be found in the DEER final report – though some aspects will be heighted here as they relate to
the TRM.3
5 different vintages of 23 non-residential prototypical building models were developed for the
DEER. These models include the following:
 Assembly,
 Education – Primary School,
 Education – Secondary School,
 Education – Community College,
 Education – University,
3 Southern California Edision, Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) Update Study. 2005
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
De
m
a
n
d

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

(
k
W
)
Hour Of The Day
Maximum Demand Savings
Peak Demand Window

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 20
 Education – Relocatable Classroom,
 Grocery,
 Health/Medical – Hospital,
 Health/Medical – Nursing Home,
 Lodging – Hotel,
 Lodging – Motel,
 Manufacturing – Bio/Tech,
 Manufacturing – Light Industrial,
 Office – Large,
 Office – Small,
 Restaurant – Sit-Down,
 Restaurant – Fast-Food,
 Retail – 3-Story Large,
 Retail – Single-Story Large,
 Retail – Small,
 Storage – Conditioned,
 Storage – Unconditioned, and
 Storage – Refrigerated Warehouse.
A complete set of these models was pulled from the DEER for use in simulating various weather
sensitive measures (including heating and cooling interactive factors for lighting). All simulations
were run using the (2) Idaho specific weather data-set described in Section 1.3 for the buildings
for which a measure was applicable. The hourly results were then compiled and typically
normalized using the building conditioned area (ft2) or installed cooling/heating capacity (Tons).
Note that the newest vintage of a building type was selected for simulating impacts for new
construction while the most applicable vintage was selected for retrofit.4
1.6. Application of Stacking Effects in the TRM
Often energy conservation projects involve ‘packages’ of measures implemented together. As
measures are ‘stacked’ on top of one another, each add to the overall project energy savings,
however; individual measure impacts are not always directly additive. This is because, unless
otherwise noted, the ‘typical’ savings values reported within this TRM assumes that the measure
is implemented on its own. When measures interact with each other this can cause the total
energy savings to be less than the individual savings added together, labeled as the stacking
effect. The stacking effect will apply to all measures that are implemented in the same space and
have the same end-use category. All overlapping measures will have a discount factor applied to
the saving depending on the measure order, see Table 1-1.
4 The specific vintage selected was a function of the expected distribution of buildings of that type in the Idaho Power Service Territory.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 21
Table 1-1 Stacking Effect Discount Factors
Measure Order Discount
1 1
2 .85
3 .74
4 .67
5 .62
6 .59

1.6.1. Step by Step Guide to Applying the Stacking Effect
Step one: Arrange the measures
Measures will be arranged by the estimated savings from highest savings to lowest
savings.
Step Two: Identify End-uses
For each measure, identify the end-uses that will affect the savings and that will affect
other measures.
Note: A measure can have more than one end-use.
Step Three: Discount factor
Recognize where any overlap in end-use occurs and apply the discount factor based on
the number of measures with the same end-use above it.
Step Four: Adjust Energy Savings
Multiply measure savings by the associated discount factor to obtain the adjusted measure
savings.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 22
1.6.2. Stacking Effect Example
Let’s assume that a project involved the following energy conservation measures:
Order Implemented Measure Relative Savings End-Use
2 4% Pumps & Auxiliary

Step One: Arrange the Measures
The measures are arranged with the highest savings being applied first and decrease in savings
down the list. This arrangement can be done using the relative savings as shown or using the
individual measure projected kWh savings.
Order Measure Relative Savings End-Use
3 4% Pumps & Auxiliary

Step Two: Identify End-uses
Use the TRM to record all the measure end-uses. Find where the end-uses overlap and make
sure that the installed equipment actually overlaps by being in the same space or working on the
same system.
Order Measure Relative Savings End-Use
Cooling
2 Efficient Interior Lighting 5% Cooling
3 4% Pumps & Auxiliary
Cooling

Step Three: Discount Factors
Apply a discount factor to all measures based on the number of overlapping measures above.
Note that the chilled water pump does not overlap so has a discount factor of 1 and the water-
side economizer is the third cooling end-use so has a discount factor of 0.74.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 23
Order Measure End-Use Discount Factor
1 High Efficiency Chiller 10% Cooling 1
2 5% Cooling & Lighting 0.85
3 4% Pumps & Auxiliary 1
4 2% Cooling 0.74

Step Four: Adjust Energy Savings
Apply the discount factor to all relevant measures by multiplying the discount factor by the
individual measure energy savings.
Order Measure Relative Savings End-Use Energy Discount Factor Energy
1 10% Cooling 300,000 kWh 1 300,000 kWh
2 5% 150,000 kWh 0.85 127,500 kWh
3 Chilled Water 4% Pumps & Auxiliary 120,000 kWh 1 120,000 kWh
4 2% Cooling 60,000 kWh 0.74 44,400 kWh
Project Total:

1.6.3. Special Cases
There are a few cases that require more explanation.
Stacking effect integrated into the TRM Savings:
Two measures in the TRM already have stacking effects integrated into the typical savings stated
as the measure interacts with itself.
1) High efficiency lighting and lighting controls
2) HVAC Controls
These two measures should be treated the same as all other measures once the correct typical
savings has been decided. For example, the HVAC control measure there are many levels of
savings based on the number of controls implemented that interact with each other. For this
reason, savings for one control measure can not be multiplied by the number of controls
implemented. However, once the correct typical savings value is selected the measure should be
used in the stacking effect calculation as previously described.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 24

Measures that have the same end-use but are installed in different areas:
Two or more measures can have the same end-use without needing a discount factor applied if
the measures are not in the same space and will not interact with each other. For example: if an
office replaces AC unit #2 and improves the LPD in a space served by AC unit #1 than these
measures will not stack. Any instances of this needs to be well documented.

Measure has multiple end-uses that cause stacking effect:
Some measures have multiple end-uses which can cause it to stack with multiple measures.
When a measure with multiple end-uses where both end-uses will stack with other measures in
the program than each end-use should be evaluated separately and the measure should use the
lowest discount factor calculated. For example, a program has four measures and in order from
greatest savings to least savings are: two cooling only measures, one lighting only measure and
the last one is lighting and cooling. In this case the final measure is the third cooling measure for
discount factor of 0.74 and the second lighting measures for a discount factor of 0.85. A discount
factor of 0.74 should be used since it is the lower number.

Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings Measures 25
2. Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings
Measures
This chapter contains the protocols and stipulated values for commercial and industrial measures
covered by this TRM. Spreadsheets were developed for each measure and contain any
calculations used to derive stipulated values (or deemed savings estimates). Each measure is
presented first with a summary of the technology and typical expected (per unit) energy savings,
expected useful life, and incremental cost estimates. The ‘typical’ per unit values leverage basic
assumptions regarding the geographic distribution of program participants (e.g. weather zone) as
well as participant demographics (for example distribution of building types, efficiency of current
building stock, etc.) and are intended for use in cost effectiveness screening – not as deemed
savings estimates (given their generality). Where applicable, deemed savings estimates are
provided for various scenario in tables at the end of each measure’s section.
Each measure is accompanied by a spreadsheet calculator containing live formulas and all
weights used to derive the typical per-unit estimates. It is expected that as better information is
made available regarding program participants, or as program designs are adjusted these
numbers will be updated accordingly. Following the measure summary information, each measure
section provides a description of its scope and the spectrum of eligible projects/equipment to
which the algorithms and values apply. When applicable, a discussion of code compliance topics
(for new construction projects) is included. It should also be noted that while savings estimates
are provided for a multitude of measures (both for retrofit and new construction) a custom
engineering analysis should be preferred for significantly large projects when possible. This is
particularly true for projects involving VFDs, HVAC controls, and/or large ‘packages’ of multiple
measures.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 26
2.1. Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to interior lighting systems installed in
commercial and industrial spaces which are more efficient than required by prevailing codes and
standards. This measure applies only to projects which represent new construction or major
renovations.5 The following tables summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ft2) energy impacts for
lighting power density improvements and controls additions. Typical values are based on the
algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past program participants.6
Table 2-1 Typical Savings Estimates for 10% Interior LPD Improvement (New Construction)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
7

Table 2-2 Typical Savings Estimates for 20% Interior LPD Improvement
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
8

5 Major renovations are defined to be any renovation or facility expansion project in which building permits were required and the
lighting system had to be demonstrated to comply with a particular code or standard.
6 See spreadsheet “1-TypicalCalcs_HighEffLight_v5.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
7 Stated costs only apply to the increased cost of materials and do not account for the additional design costs associated with this
measure.
8 See previous footnote

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 27
Table 2-3 Typical Savings Estimates for >= 30% Interior LPD Improvement9
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
10

Table 2-4 Typical Savings Estimates for 60% Interior LPD Improvement
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
11

Table 2-5 Typical Savings Estimates for Daylighting Controls (New Construction)12
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2

9 Note that the values listed for this measure assume the “typical” improvement in this category is a 45.5% reduction in interior LPD.
This is based on observed lighting load reductions from past program participants. Note that an average % reduction was taken for
participants whose LPD reduction fell within this category.
10 Stated costs only apply to the increased cost of materials and do not account for the additional design costs associated with this
measure.
11 See previous footnote.
12 Assumes that half of the projects will also have a 10% reduction in the lighting power densities which reduce the savings potential
for this measure.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 28
Table 2-6 Typical Savings Estimates for Occupancy Sensors (New Construction)13
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a Sensor
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 387 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 92 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 8 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $134.22
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC, Lighting

Table 2-7 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Exit Signs14
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a Sign
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 28 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 3.6 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 16 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $10.83
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC
2.1.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All above-code interior lighting systems (fixtures, lamps, ballasts, etc.) are eligible. Eligibility is
determined by calculating the lighting power density (LPD) for the installed system. If the LPD is
at least 10% lower than allowed by code (see Section 2.1.2) then the system is eligible. Efficient
equipment may include florescent fixtures, LED lamps, LED exit signs, compact florescent light
bulbs, high intensity discharge lamps, etc.
In addition to efficient lighting fixtures, lighting controls are eligible under this measure. Eligible
controls include: occupancy sensors (wall mounted and fixture mounted), daylighting controls,
dimmers, and bi-level switches. Lighting controls are only eligible when not already required by
the building code standard to which a project is permitted.
Occupancy sensor lighting controls are required in all spaces types stated in Table 2-17. Lighting
controls must: automatically turn off lights within 30 minutes of occupants leavings the space, be
manual on or controlled to automatically turn lighting on to no more than 50% power, and
incorporate a manual off control15. Warehouse spaces shall be controlled as follows: in aisleways
and open areas the controls will turn down lighting power to no less than 50% when unoccupied

13 Occupancy sensor savings are based on the assumption that each sensor will control 300 Watts
14 Note that the energy savings for exit signs are the same for both code standards.
15 Warehouse spaces shall be controlled based on section C405.2.1.2.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 29
and each aisleway will be controlled independently with the aisle sensor not controlling lighting
beyond the aisleway.
Daylight controls are required in spaces with more than 150 watts of general lighting within toplight
or sidelight daylight zones16.
2.1.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the new construction scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
This measure does not apply to retrofit or early replacement.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as an installed lighting system with a maximum
allowable LPD. The maximum allowable LPD is defined by the building code according to which
the project was permitted. Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard
for new construction from the previous standard IECC 2012. Given the recent adoption the
programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these standards and savings for
both are provided.
Two paths are available for code compliance – the Building Area Method (IECC 2015, C405.4.2.1)
and the Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2015, C405.4.2.2). Either can be used to determine
baseline power density provided it is consistent with the method used by the project for code
compliance.
Code Compliance Considerations for Lighting Controls
Section C405.2 of the IECC 2015 Standard specifies mandatory automatic lighting controls in
certain space types with a few exceptions and are listed in Table 2-17. If the building or space is
not exempt from these mandatory provisions, then the least efficient mandatory control strategy
shall be assumed as baseline equipment. Note that prescriptive lighting control requirements have
changed between the 2012 and 2015 versions of IECC.
2.1.3. Algorithms
Two sets of algorithms are provided for this measure. The first are algorithms for Lighting Power
Density (LPD) reductions and/or for the addition of lighting controls. The second set of algorithms
are included for high efficiency exit signs (which are treated separately by ASHRAE 90.1):
Algorithm 1 (Lighting Power Density Reduction and Controls Additions):
ΔkWh = kWhbase – kWhInstalled
16 See section C405.2.3.2 and C405.2.3.3 of IECC 2015 for specific definition for toplight and sidelight.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 30
= ASF * [LPDbase - LPDInstalled * (1 – CSF) ] * HOU * HCIFEnergy
ΔkW = (kWbase - kWInstalled) * CF
= ASF * [LPDbase - LPDInstalled * (1 – CSF) ] * HCIFDemand * CF
kWh/UnitTypical =Σ (ΔkWh/Unitbuilding i * Wbuilding i)
kWh/Unitbuilding, i = [LPDbuilding i, base - LPDbuilding i, Installed * (1 – CSF) ] * HCIFDemand

The above equations for ΔkWh and ΔkW can be simplified to the following if a project involves
only a lighting power density reduction or lighting controls addition:
Power density reduction only: ΔkWh = ASF * [LPDbase - LPDInstalled] * HOU * HCIFEnergy
Controls installation only: ΔkWh = ASF * LPDInstalled * CSF * HOU * HCIFEnergy

Algorithm 2 (High Efficiency Exit Signs):
ΔkWh = kWhbase – kWhInstalled
= (Wbase - WInstalled) * 8760 * HCIFEnergy * NSigns
ΔkW = (Wbase - WInstalled) * NSigns
2.1.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
HOU Annual operating hours for the lighting system. Values for various building
types are stipulated in Table 2-8. When available, actual system hours of
use should be used.
LPD Lighting power density baseline (base) and installed (meas) systems. This
is defined as the total lighting system connected load divided by the lighted
area. The Building Area method baseline LPD is defined by Table 2-9. The

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 31
2-13.
W Exit Sign base and installed wattage. Note that the base wattage is defined
by IECC to be 5 watts. Note exit sign wattage is the same for IECC 2012
and 2015. See Table 2-18 for stipulated wattages.
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load
reduction which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period. For Exit signs
the coincidence factor is defined to be unity.
HCIF Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors. These account for the secondary
impacts reductions in internal loads effect on HVAC systems by
representing the expected “typical’ impacts a reduc
power density will effect on electric space conditioning equipment. These
are defined in Table 2-14 for various building types and climate zones.
CSF Controls Savings Factor. This is defined as the % reduction in system
hours of use (HOU) due do installed lighting controls. Stipulated values for
this variable are provided in Table 2-16.
kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
kWh/Unitbuilding, i Typical measure savings for building type i on a per unit basis. Uses the
baseline LPD for building type i as defined in
Table 2-9. Measure LPD for building i is defined as the average installed
LPD for past program participants of that building type.
Wbuilding,i Population weight for building type i. This is defined t
footage of building type i in past program participants divided by the total
square footage of past participant building space
2.1.5. Sources
 IECC 2012, Chapter 4.
 IECC 2015, Chapter 4.
 Regional Technical Forum, draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-Residential
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%201
2-6-2012.xlsx

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 32
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.17
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
 Acker, B., Van Den Wymelenberg, K., 2010. Measurement and Verification of Daylighting
Photocontrols; Technical Report 20090205-01, Integrated Design Lab, University of
Idaho, Boise, ID.
2.1.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-8 Stipulated Lighting Hours of Use (HOU) by Building Type18
Building Type Hours of Use
Automotive Repair 4,056
College or University 2,300
Exterior 24 Hour Operation 8,760
Hospital 5,000
Industrial Plant with One Shift 2,250
Industrial Plant with Two Shifts 4,500
Industrial Plant with Three Shifts 8,400
Library 3,748
Lodging 3,000
Manufacturing 3,300
Office <20,000 sf 2,600
Office 20,000 to 100,000 sf 3,200
Office >100,000 sf 3,500
Other Health, Nursing, Medical Clinic 3,600
Parking Garage 4,368
Restaurant 4,800
Retail Mini Mart 6,500
Retail Boutique <5,000 sf 3,400
Retail 5,000 to 50,000 sf 3,900
Retail Supermarket 6,500
Retail Big Box >50,000 sf One-Story 4,800
Retail Anchor Store >50,000 sf Multistory 4,000
School K-12 2,200

17 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
18 The values in this table are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-
Residential Lighting improvements: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%2012-6-
2012.xlsx

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 33
Table 2-9 Baseline Lighting Power Densities by Building Type – Building Area Method19
Building Area Type 2004 LPD (W/ft2) IECC 2012 (W/ft2) IECC 2015 (w/ft2)
Automotive facility 0.9 0.9 0.8
Convention center 1.2 1.2 1.01
Courthouse 1.2 1.2 1.01
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 1.3 1.3 1.01
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 1.4 1.4 0.9
Dining: family 1.6 1.6 0.95
Dormitory 1 1 0.57
Exercise center 1 1 0.84
Gymnasium 1.1 1.1 0.67
Health-care clinic 1 1 0.94
Hospital 1.2 1.2 0.9
Hotel 1 1 1.05
Library 1.3 1.3 0.87
Manufacturing facility 1.3 1.3 1.19
Motel 1 1 1.17
Motion picture theater 1.2 1.2 0.76
Multifamily 0.7 0.7 0.51
Museum 1.1 1.1 1.02
Office 1 1 0.82
Parking garage 0.3 0.3 0.21
Penitentiary 1 1 0.81
Performing arts theater 1.6 1.6 1.39
Police/fire station 1 1 0.87
Post office 1.1 1.1 0.87
Religious building 1.3 1.3 1
Retail 1.5 1.5 1.26
School/university 1.2 1.2 0.87
Sports arena 1.1 1.1 0.91
Town hall 1.1 1.1 0.89
Transportation 1 1 0.7
Warehouse 0.8 0.8 0.66
Workshop 1.4 1.4 1.19

19 These values are from Tables C405.4.2(1) in IECC 2015 and C405.5.2(1) in IECC 2012 for the Building Area method.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 34
Table 2-10 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2012)
Common Space Type20
Office-Enclosed 1.1
Office-Open Plan 1.1
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3
Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4
For Penitentiary 1.3
Lobby 1.3
For Hotel 1.1
For Performing Arts Theater 3.3
For Motion Picture Theater 1.1
Audience/Seating Area 0.9
For Gymnasium 0.4
For Exercise Center 0.3
For Convention Center 0.7
For Penitentiary 0.7
For Religious Buildings 1.7
For Sports Arena 0.4
For Performing Arts Theater 2.6
For Motion Picture Theater 1.2
For Transportation 0.5
Atrium—First Three Floors 0.6
Atrium—Each Additional Floor 0.2
Lounge/Recreation 1.2
For Hospital 0.8
Dining Area 0.9
For Penitentiary 1.3
For Hotel 1.3
For Motel 1.2
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 1.4
For Family Dining 2.1
Food Preparation 1.2
Laboratory 1.4
Restrooms 0.9
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6
Corridor/Transition 0.5
For Hospital 1
For Manufacturing Facility 0.5
Stairs—Active 0.6
Active Storage 0.8
20 In cases where both a common space type and a building specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 35
Common Space Type20 (2012) LPD (W/ft2)

Table 2-11 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2015)
Common Space Type21 (2015) LPD (W/ft2)
Atrium - Less than 40 feet in height 0.03 per foot in
In a facility for the visually impaired 0.92
21 In cases where both a common space type and a building specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 36
Common Space Type21 (2015) LPD (W/ft2)
1.9
In a facility for the visually impaired 1.8
1.21
Stairway (see space containing

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 37
Common Space Type21 (2015) LPD (W/ft2)

Table 2-12 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2012)
Building Specific Space Types (2012) LPD (W/ft2)
Playing Area 1.4
Exercise Area 0.9
Courtroom 1.9
Confinement Cells 0.9
Judges Chambers 1.3
Fire Station Engine Room 0.8
Sleeping Quarters 0.3
Post Office-Sorting Area 1.2
Convention Center-Exhibit Space 1.3
Card File and Cataloging 1.1
Stacks 1.7
Reading Area 1.2
Emergency 2.7
Recovery 0.8
Nurse Station 1
Exam/Treatment 1.5
Pharmacy 1.2
Patient Room 0.7
Operating Room 2.2
Nursery 0.6
Medical Supply 1.4
Physical Therapy 0.9
Radiology 0.4
Laundry—Washing 0.6
Automotive—Service/Repair 0.7
Low (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.2
High (>25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.7
Detailed Manufacturing 2.1
Equipment Room 1.2
Control Room 0.5
Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 1.1
Dormitory—Living Quarters 1.1
General Exhibition 1
Restoration 1.7
Bank/Office—Banking Activity Area 1.5

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 38
Building Specific Space Types (2012) LPD (W/ft2)

Table 2-13 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method (IECC 2015)
Building Specific Space Types (2015) LPD (W/ft2)
Facility for the visually impaired
In a chapel (and not used primarily by
the staff) 2.21
In a recreation room (and not used

Automotive - (See Vehicular
maintenance, above)
Convention center - Exhibit space 1.45
Dormitory living quarters 0.38
Fire stations - Sleeping quarters 0.22
Gymnasium/fitness center
In an exercise area 0.72
In a playing area 1.2
Health care facility
In an exam/treatment room 1.66
In an imaging room 1.51
In a medical supply room 0.74
In a nursery 0.88
In a nurse's station 0.71
In an operating room 2.48
In a patient room 0.62
In a physical therapy room 0.91

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 39
Building Specific Space Types (2015) LPD (W/ft2)
In a recovery room 1.15
Library
In a reading area 1.06
In the stacks 1.71
Manufacturing facility
In a detailed manufacturing area 1.29
In an equipment room 0.74
In an extra high bay area 1.05
(greater than 50-foot floor-to-ceiling

1.23
(25 - 50-foot floor-to-ceiling height)
In a low bay (< 25-foot floor-to-ceiling

Performing arts theater dressing/fitting
room 0.61
Post office - Sorting area 0.94
Religious buildings
In a fellowship hall 0.64
In a worship/pulpit/choir area 1.53
Retail facilities
In a dressing/fitting room 0.71
In a mall concourse 1.1
Sports arena - Playing area
For a Class 1 facility 3.68
For a Class 2 facility 2.4
For a Class 3 facility 1.8
For a Class 4 facility 1.2
Transportation
In a baggage/carousel area 0.53
In an airport concourse 0.36
At a terminal ticket counter 0.8
Warehouse - Storage area
For medium to bulky palletized items 0.58
For smaller, hand-carried items 0.95

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 40
Table 2-14 Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors by Building Type and Weather Zone22
Building Type kWh kW kWh kW
Primary School 1.04 1.2 1.03 1.17
Secondary School 1.04 1.14 1.02 1.12
Community College 1.11 1.16 1.08 1.15
University 1.13 1.14 1.14 1.14
Hospital 1.09 1.04 1.08 1.06
Nursing Home 1.09 1.29 1.08 1.26
Hotel 1.15 1.16 1.14 1.15
Motel23 0.74 1.29 0.66 1.28

22 Factors generated using DOE2.2 simulations based on the prototypical building models developed for the California Database for
Energy Efficiency Resources using weather data based on the two Idaho weather zones. The values in this table make assumptions
regarding ‘typical’ fuel sources and efficiencies for heating and cooling equipment. These numbers represent the expected “typical’
impacts a reduction in the lighting power density will effect on electric space conditioning equipment.
23 Note that these figures assume Motel HVAC systems are either heat-pumps or use electric resistance heating. If it is known that a
particular motel uses gas heating then use the values for Hotel instead.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 41
Table 2-15 Peak Demand Coincidence Factors by Building Type24
Building Type CF

24 Factors generated using prototypical lighting schedules found in the DEER building models and the definition for the Idaho Power
Company’s peak period (12 pm to 8 pm on weekdays between June 1st and August 31st).

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 42
Table 2-16 Controls Savings Factors by Building and Control Type25
Space Type Occupancy Sensor Daylight Sensor Bi-level Switching Wireless on/off Occupancy & Daylight
Assembly 36% 36% 6% 6% 40%
Break Room 20% 20% 6% 6% 40%
Classroom 18% 68% 6% 6% 34%
Computer Room 35% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Conference 35% 18% 35% 35% 40%
Dining 35% 18% 6% 6% 40%
Gymnasium 35% 35% 6% 6% 40%
Hallway 15% 15% 6% 6% 34%
Hospital Room 45% 63% 6% 6% 35%
Industrial 45% 72% 35% 35% 40%
Kitchen 30% 0% 6% 6% 34%
Library 15% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Lobby 25% 18% 6% 6% 40%
Lodging (Guest Rooms) 45% 0% 35% 35% 40%
Open Office 22% 29% 35% 35% 40%
Parking Garage 15% 18% 35% 0% 0%
Private Office 22% 29% 35% 35% 40%
Process 45% 0% 6% 6% 34%
Public Assembly 36% 36% 6% 6% 40%
Restroom 40% 0% 6% 6% 40%
Retail 15% 29% 6% 6% 34%
Stairs 25% 0% 0% 0% 18%
Storage 45% 0% 6% 6% 40%
Technical Area 35% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Warehouses 31% 31% 35% 35% 40%
Other 7% 18% 6% 6% 34%

25 The values in this table are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-
Residential Lighting improvements: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%2012-6-
2012.xlsx

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 43
Table 2-17 Mandatory Lighting Control Space Types, IECC 2015
Space Type
Classrooms/lecture/training rooms or emergency areas that are required to be continuously Sleeping Units
Conference/meeting/multipurpose rooms Interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit Spaces where patient care is directly provided
Copy/print rooms Emergency egress lighting that is normally off
Spaces where automatic shutoff would endanger occupant
Lounges
Employee lunch and break rooms Shop and laboratory
are enclosed by floor-to-ceiling height

Table 2-18 Stipulated Fixture Wattages for Various LED Exit Signs
Fixture Description Base Fixture Wattage Installed Fixture Wattage
LED Exit Sign, 0.5 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 0.5 W
LED Exit Sign, 1.5 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 1.5 W
LED Exit Sign, 2 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 2 W
LED Exit Sign, 3 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 3 W
LED Exit Sign, 0.5 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 1 W
LED Exit Sign, 1.5 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 3 W
LED Exit Sign, 2 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 4 W
LED Exit Sign, 3 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 6 W
Other/Unknown LED 5 W 2 W

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 44
2.2. Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to exterior lighting systems installed in
commercial and industrial spaces which are more efficient than required by prevailing codes and
standards. This measure applies only to projects which represent new construction or major
renovations.26 The following table summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per kW reduction) energy
impacts for lighting power density improvements and controls additions. Typical values are based
on the algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past program
participants.27
Table 2-19 Typical Savings Estimates for Exterior LPD Improvement (New Construction)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a kW (reduced)
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 4,059 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 0 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 287
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a
2.2.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All above-code Exterior lighting systems (fixtures, lamps, ballasts, etc.) are eligible. Eligibility is
determined by calculating the lighting power density (LPD) for the installed system. If the LPD is
at least 15% lower than allowed by code (see Table 2-20 and Table 2-21) then the system is
eligible. Efficient equipment may include florescent fixtures, LED lamps, LED exit signs, compact
florescent light bulbs, high intensity discharge lamps, etc.
2.2.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the new construction scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
n/a
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as an installed lighting system with a maximum
allowable LPD. The maximum allowable LPD is defined by the building code according to which
26 Major renovations are defined to be any renovation or facility expansion project in which building permits were required and the
lighting system had to be demonstrated to comply with a particular code or standard.
27 See spreadsheet “2-TypicalCalcs_ExtLight_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 45
the project was permitted. Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and
90.1-2007.
Code Compliance Considerations for Lighting Controls
Sections 9.4.4 and 9.4.5 of the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard specify energy efficiency and lighting
power density requirements for non-exempt exterior lighting.28 Table 9.4.5 lists the power density
requirements for various building exteriors.
2.2.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWhbase – kWhmeas
= ASF * [LPDbase - LPDmeas * (1 – CSF) ] * HOU
ΔkW = 0
kWh/UnitTypical =Σ (ΔkWh/Unitbuilding i * Wbuilding i)
2.2.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
HOU Stipulated to be 4,059 hours.29
LPD Lighting power density baseline (base) and installed (meas) systems. This
is defined as the total lighting system connected load divided by the lighted
area (or as defined by code). See Table 2-20 and Table 2-21
kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
Wbuilding,i Population weight for application type i. This is defined to be the % of
application type i in past program participants.
2.2.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.

28 Note that both Section 9.1 and Section 9.4.5 list applicable exemptions.
29 Value is sourced from https://www.idahopower.com/AboutUs/RatesRegulatory/Tariffs/tariffPDF.cfm?id=39

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 46
2.2.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Table 2-20 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Tradable Surfaces30
Area Type Location LPD Units
Uncovered Parking Parking Lots and Drives 0.15 W/Ft2
Building Grounds
2
2
2
2
Building Entrances and Exits
Main entries 30
20
1.25 W/Ft2
Outdoor Sales
Open Areas (including vehicle sales 0.5 W/Ft2
20 W/ Linear Foot

30 Lighting power densities for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs and
outdoor sales areas may be traded.

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 47
Table 2-21 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Non-Tradable Surfaces31
Area Type LPD
Building Facades 0.2 W/ft² for each illuminated wall or surface or 5.0 W/linear
Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities
1.25 W/ft² of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable
Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulances and other emergency 0.5 W/ft² of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable
Drive-up windows at fast food 400 W per drive-through

31 Lighting power density calculations can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with
other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowances otherwise permitted in the "Tradable Surfaces"
section of this table.

Efficient Vending Machines 48
2.3. Efficient Vending Machines
ENERGY STAR qualified new and rebuilt vending machines incorporate more efficient
compressors, fan motors, and lighting systems as well as low power mode option that allows the
machine to be placed in low-energy lighting and/or low-energy refrigeration states during times of
inactivity.
Table 2-22 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-22 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Vending Machines32
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,345 kWh 208 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.10 kW 0.01 kW
Expected Useful Life33 14 Years 14 Years
2.3.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new or rebuilt refrigerated vending machine that meets the ENERGY
STAR 3.0 specifications which include low power mode. Each completed ENERGY STAR
qualified machine shall receive a “refurbishment label/sticker” that includes the following
information to indicate that the machine has been upgraded to ENERGY STAR performance
levels:
- A new and discrete model number that is representative of that machine and rebuilding kit
combination
- The date of rebuilding
- The ENERGY STAR certification mark
2.3.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.

32 See spreadsheet “3-TypicalCalcs_EffVndMcn_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
33 ENERGY STAR Calculator:
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_code=VMC
34 Cadmus Group: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-2.ppt
35 See previous footnote

Efficient Vending Machines 49
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition for retrofit is a refrigerated beverage vending machine that isn’t qualified
as Energy Star 3.0.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline condition for new construction is a machine that complies with the Department of
Energy's (DOE) energy conservation standards for refrigerated beverage vending machines since
2012.
2.3.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * NUnits
Typical i i
Typical i i
2.3.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-23 and Table 2-24.
kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkWh/Uniti Unit savings for combination i of equipment types.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-23 and Table 2-24.
kW/UnitTypical Typical measure demand savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkW/Uniti Unit demand savings for combination i of equipment types.
W,i Population weight for each ΔkWh/Uniti and ΔkW/Uniti.
NUnits Number of Units
2.3.5. Sources
 LBNL 2007: http://enduse.lbl.gov/info/LBNL-62397.pdf
 Cadmus Energy Star Report:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-
2.ppt

Efficient Vending Machines 50
 ENERGY STAR Calculator:
http://search.energystar.gov/search?q=cache:4rntJv_yaV8J:www.energystar.gov/ia/busi
ness/bulk_purchasing/bpsavings_calc/Calc_Vend_MachBulk.xls+xls&access=p&output=
xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-
8&client=default_frontend&site=default_collection&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&oe
=UTF-8&c4d7-9284
2.3.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-23 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines - Retrofit36
Vending Machine kWh Savings Per kW Savings Per kWh Savings Per kW Savings Per
<500 1,762 0.067 1,492 0.056
500 2,638 0.118 2,388 0.107
699 2,162 0.088 1,883 0.076
799 2,712 0.118 2,409 0.105
800+ 1,909 0.060 1,625 0.051

Table 2-24 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines – New Construction
Vending Machine Capacity (cans) kWh Savings Per Machine Class A kW Savings Per Machine Class A kWh Savings Per Machine Class B kW Savings Per Machine Class B
<500 71 0.003 180 0.007
500 250 0.011 170 0.008
699 279 0.011 185 0.008
799 304 0.013 199 0.009
800+ 284 0.009 188 0.006

36 See spreadsheet “3-TypicalCalcs_EffVndMcn_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.

Vending Machine Controls 51

2.4. Vending Machine Controls
This measure relates to the installation of new controls on refrigerated beverage vending
machines, non-refrigerated snack vending machines, and glass front refrigerated coolers.
Controls can significantly reduce the energy consumption of vending machine and refrigeration
systems. Qualifying controls must power down these systems during periods of inactivity but, in
the case of refrigerated machines, must always maintain a cool product that meets customer
expectations. This measure relates to the installation of a new control on a new or existing unit.
This measure should not be applied to ENERGY STAR qualified vending machines, as they
already have built-in controls.
Table 2-25 through Table 2-27 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine controlled) energy
impacts for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values
described below.37
Table 2-25 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Beverage Vending Machine Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 509 kWh 332 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 257 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 189
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-26 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Other Cold Product Vending Machine
Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 509 kWh 332 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 257 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 189
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

37 The Savings estimates provided in the summary tables are only given for a quick cost effectiveness test. The estimates are based
on assumed weights for equipment types. See spreadsheet “4-TypicalCalcs_VndMcnCntrl_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations
used to estimate the typical unit energy savings, EUL, and incremental costs.

Vending Machine Controls 52

Table 2-27 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Non-Cooled Snack Vending Machine
Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 387 kWh 387 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 108 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 75
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.4.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a non-Energy Star qualified refrigerated beverage vending machine,
non-refrigerated snack vending machine, or glass front refrigerated cooler with a control system
capable of powering down lighting and refrigeration systems during periods of inactivity. The
controls must be equipped with a passive infrared occupancy sensor, a duplex receptacle, and a
power cord for connecting the device to 120V power.
2.4.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition for retrofit is a non-Energy Star qualified refrigerated beverage vending
machine, non-refrigerated snack vending machine, or glass front refrigerated cooler without a
control system capable of powering down lighting and refrigeration systems during periods of
inactivity.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline condition for new construction is a machine without a control system that complies
with the Department of Energy's (DOE) 2012 energy conservation standards for refrigerated
beverage vending machines.
2.4.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkWh/Uniti = kWhbase * URR

Vending Machine Controls 53

kWhbase = ∑ (kWhbase,i * 365)
kWhcode,class A = 0.055 * V + 2.56
kWhcode,class B = 0.073 * V + 3.16
ΔkW = 0

2.4.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment
ΔkWh/Unit Stipulated per unit energy savings
ΔkW Defined to be zero for this measure as it is assumed that controls are only
effective during off-peak hours.
kWhbase Annual energy consumption of baseline equipment for the ith combination
of equipment type.
kWhcode, Class A/B Daily energy consumption for new construction (Class A or B) machine
URR Usage Reduction Rate
NUnits Number of Machines
2.4.5. Sources
 DEER2011 EUL Summary
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
 DEER2011 Cost Data
 http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
 SCE Work Paper, SCE13CS005: Beverage Merchandise Controller
 DEER2005 UpdateFinalReport_ItronVersion.pdf
 LBNL 2007: http://enduse.lbl.gov/info/LBNL-62397.pdf
 Cadmus Energy Star Report:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-
2.ppt
 PGE Work Paper, PGE3PLTG168: Vending Machine Controller - Uncooled

Vending Machine Controls 54

2.4.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-28 Unit Energy Savings for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls38
Equipment kWh Savings Per Machine
Uncooled Vending Machine 387

Table 2-29 Unit Energy Savings for Retrofit and New Construction Class A & B Cold Beverage
Vending Machine Controls
Vending Machine Capacity (cans)
<500 519 237 300
500 653 255 283
699 592 278 309
799 700 298 331
800+ 553 291 323
Weighted 632 260 292

Table 2-30 Measure Equipment and Labor Costs for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls
Measure Case Description Measure Equipment Cost Measure Labor Cost Gross Measure Cost
Cold Drink Vending $189 $68 $257

38 Applies to both Retrofit and New Construction

Efficient Washing Machines 55

2.5. Efficient Washing Machines
This protocol discusses the calculation methodology and the assumptions regarding baseline
equipment, efficient equipment, and usage patterns used to estimate annual energy savings
expected from the replacement of a standard clothes washer with an ENERGY STAR or high
efficiency clothes washer.
Table 2-31 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-31 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Washing Machines39
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 1471 kWh 994 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.73 kW 0.50 kW
Expected Useful Life 7.9 Years 7.9 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost40 $ 1,598 n/a
41 n/a $ 393
2.5.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is clothes washers meeting ENERGY STAR or better efficiency in small
commercial applications that have both electric water heating (DHW) and electric dryers. The
minimum efficiency is Modified Energy Factor (MEF) of ≥2.2 (ft3/kWh/cycle) and Water Factor
(WF) ≤ 4.5 (gal/ft3/cycle). Currently, only front-loading clothes washers meet the ENERGY STAR
standards.
2.5.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The retrofit baseline condition is a standard efficiency washing machine. The RTF sources the
latest CEC database which has non ENERGY STAR machine MEF ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 with
an average of 1.64.

39 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental costs. There isn’t a difference between new construction and retrofit because RTF specifies the
measure for new and existing construction.
40 RTF Commercial Clothes Washer v4.5 referenced source DOE Technical Support Document for Commercial Clothes Washers
41 See previous footnote

Efficient Washing Machines 56

New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For new construction the baseline is the Federal efficiency standard MEF ≥1.60 (ft3/kWh/cycle)
and WF ≤ 8.5 (gal/ft3/cycle) for Top Loading washers and MEF ≥2.0 (ft3/kWh/cycle)/ (kWh) and
WF ≤ 5.5 (gal/ft3/cycle) for Front Loading washers. The RTF designates the baseline using MEF
2.00 and WF 5.5. The RTF only designates savings for Front Loading washers.
2.5.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Δ = Δ Units
ΔkWh/UnitTypical = ∑ (∆kWh/Uniti * Wi)
Δ i,Intalled = ΔkWhDryer + ΔkWhWater heat + ΔkWhWater treatment
Δ Water heat = Cap * 0.058 * WF1.3593 * CP * MWater * ΔT/ (ηElec * 3,412) * NCycles
ΔkWhWater treatment = Cap * WF * NCycles * kWhaeration
Δ Δ Units
ΔkW/UnitTypical = ∑ (∆kW/Uniti * UF * Wi)
2.5.4. Definitions
∆ kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆ kW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆ kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-32 and Table 2-33
equation for ∆kWh/Uniti,Installed above.
∆kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure energy savings on a per unit basis.
∆kWh/Uniti,Installed Calculated energy savings on a per unit basis for retrofit projects.
∆kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-32 and Table 2-33.
∆kW/UnitTypical Typical measure demand savings on a per unit basis.
Wi Population weight for each ∆kWh/Uniti and ∆kW/Uniti. Values used are
from DOE's Commercial Clothes Washers Final Rule Technical Support
Document

Efficient Washing Machines 57

UF Utilization Factor. This is defined to be 0.00049942
NUnits Number of Machines
NCycles Number of Cycles
Cap Compartment Capacity of Washer (ft3)
WF Manufacturer rated water factor
kWhDryer Dryer energy savings from washer lessening remaining moisture content
ΔkWhWater heat Water heating savings from washer using less hot water
ΔkWhWater treatment Energy savings from reduced wastewater aeration
ΔkWhAeration Aeration energy usage = 5.3 kWh/1000gal43
CP Specific Heat of water = 1 Btu/lb-F
MWater Mass of water = 8.3149 lbs/gallon
ΔT Delta temperature. This is defined to be 80 (degree F)
ηElec Electric Water Heating Efficiency = 98%

2.5.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum measure workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/Com ClothesWasher_v4_5
 Department of Energy (DOE ) Technical Support Document, 2009:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/46
 California Energy Commission, appliance list:
https://cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/ApplianceSearch.aspx

42 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the UF.
43 From Regional Technical Forum measure workbook

Efficient Washing Machines 58

2.5.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-32 Unit Energy Savings for Laundromat Efficient Washing Machines44
Measure Program Type kWh/Unit kW/Unit
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and higher, WF 4.5 and lower - Electric DHW & Dryer New Construction 1,052 0.525
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and Retrofit45 1,554 0.776

Table 2-33 Unit Energy Savings for Multifamily Efficient Washing Machines
Measure Program Type kWh/Unit kW/Unit
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and higher, WF 4.5 and lower - Electric DHW & Dryer New Construction 763 0.384
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and Retrofit 1137 0.568

44 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings.
45 Retrofit refers to early retirement (ER). For replace on burnout (ROB) use New Construction.

Wall Insulation 59

2.6. Wall Insulation
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to wall insulation installed in commercial
spaces which are more efficient than existing insulation or prevailing codes and standards.
Wall insulation is rated by its R-value. An R-value indicates its resistance to heat flow, a higher
R-value mean greater insulating effectiveness. The R-value depends on the type of insulation
including its material, thickness, and density. When calculating the R-value of a multilayered
installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.
Table 2-34 and Table 2-35 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per insulation square foot) energy
impacts for this measure for cooling only and cooling + heating impacts respectively. Typical and
deemed values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.46 The typical
and deemed values reported in this chapter are based on a weighted average across multiple
building types. The cooling savings assume either DX or Hydronic cooling (depending on what is
considered ‘typical’ for that building type) while the heating component assumes DX air-cooled
heat pumps.
Table 2-34 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.071 kWh 0.005 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.046 W 0.003 W
Average Gas Impacts47

46 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling savings.
47 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated, then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Wall Insulation 60

Table 2-35 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling & Heating)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 9.79 kWh 0.612 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.046 W 0.003 W
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 0.64 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.10
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC
2.6.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible wall area is limited to the treated wall area of exterior walls (gross wall area, less window
and door) where the insulation has been installed to the proposed R-value. Insulation must be
installed in buildings, or portions of buildings, with central mechanical air conditioning or
PTAC/PTHP systems. Qualifying wall insulation can be rigid foam, fiberglass bat, blown-in
fiberglass or cellulose, assuming it meets or exceeds the required R-value. Radiant barriers will
not be allowed as a substitute for insulation. The savings estimates for retrofit projects assume
the baseline building has no wall insulation (e.g. an empty cavity).
2.6.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction. Note that heating savings are
only applicable for facilities with electric heating.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing insulation and the project does not represent a major
renovation, then the baseline efficiency is defined by the pre-existing insulation.
New Construction (New Construction, Replace on Burnout)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable R-value by
the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction from
the previous standard ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007. Given the recent adoption the program
expects to see participants permitted to either of these standards so stipulated code values for
both are provided.
2.6.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWhcool + ∆kWhheat
∆kWhcool base meas
∆kWhheat base meas

Wall Insulation 61

∆kWpeak ∆kWhcool cool

2.6.4. Definitions
A Area of the insulation that was installed in square feet
HDD Heating degree days, refer to Table 2-40 for typical heating degree days for
different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should be
used to calculate the HDD
used to calculate the CDD.
base
insulation is installed
meas
installed
for various building types are stipulated in Table 2-42
actual system hours of use should be used.
as the ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs),
to the total electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate
equivalent. If the SEER or IE
following formula to estimate from the EER: 48
SEER = .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
HSPF Heating Season Performance Factor. This is identical to the SEER
(described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the
heat pump COP is available, then use the following:
HSPF = .5651 * COP2 + .464 * COP + .4873
which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
∆kWh/UnitRetrofit
∆kWhNew Const
efficient qualifying unit representing a conservative savings estimate
for the measure.

2.6.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
48 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.

Wall Insulation 62

 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.49
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls50
 IECC 2015
2.6.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-36 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation - Retrofit51
W/ft2 kWh/ft2 Cost/ft2
R-2.5 to R-11
Cooling .043 .067 $0.66
Heating 0 9.15
Cooling & Heating .043 9.22
R-2.5 to R-19
Cooling .049 .075 $0.92
Heating 0 10.29
Cooling & Heating .049 10.36

Table 2-37 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation – New Construction52
W/ft2 kWh/ft2 2
R-13 to R-19
Cooling .003 .004 $0.12
Heating 0 .608
Cooling & Heating .003 .612
R-13 to R-21
Cooling .004 .005 $0.16
Heating 0 .733
Cooling & Heating .004 .738

49 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
50 After reviewing the sources feeding into the DEER value of 20 years it was found that the 20 year determination was based on a
DEER policy for maximum EUL. Since DEER sources supported a higher EUL the higher EUL is used here.
51 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.
52 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.

Wall Insulation 63

Table 2-38 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 553
Climate Zone 5 Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Insulation Min. R-IECC 2015
Walls, Above-
Grade
Metal R-13.0 R-13.0 R-13 + R-13 ci
Wood-Framed and Other R-13.0 R-13.0 + R-3.8 ci OR
Below-Below-Grade
Wall NR R-7.5 ci R-7.5 ci

Table 2-39 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 654
Climate Zone 6 Opaque Element
90.1 2004 Insulation Min. R-
ASHRAE 90.1 2007 Insulation Min. R-Value IECC 2015
Walls, Above-Grade
R-13.0 R-13.0 R-13 + R-13 ci
Steel-R-13.0 + R-13.0 + R-7.5 ci R-13 + R-7.5 ci
Framed and R-13.0 R-13.0 + R-7.5 ci
T-13 + R-75 ci OR
R-20 + R-3.8 ci
Wall, Below-Below-Grade NR R-7.5 ci R-7.5 ci

53 Values stipulated from Table 5.5-5 ASHRAE 2004 and 2007. c.i. = continuous insulation, NR = no requirement
54 Values stipulated from Table 5.5-6 in ASHRAE 2004 and 2007. c.i. = continuous insulation, NR = no requirement

Wall Insulation 64

Table 2-40 Stipulated Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type55
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type HDD CDD HDD CDD
Assembly 5,866 229 7,325 170
Community College 5,866 187 7,325 134
Conditioned Storage 5,866 187 7,325 134
Fast Food Restaurant 5,866 187 7,325 134
Full Service Restaurant 5,866 187 7,325 134
High School
Hospital 7,628 278 9,169 210
Hotel 7,690 413 9,233 321
Large Retail 1 Story 7,690 517 9,233 405
Large Retail 3 Story 7,690 286 9,233 216
Large Office 5,700 159 7,140 124
Light Manufacturing 6,430 253 7,912 189
Medical Clinic 5,759 159 7,206 124
Motel 6,901 286 8,407 216
Multi Family 6,901 286 8,407 216
Nursing Home 6,329 284 7,809 216
Primary School 6,329 284 7,809 216
Small Office 6,545 286 8,042 216
Small Retail 5,700 159 7,140 124
University 5,866 229 7,325 170

55 Values obtained from simulations of the DEER input models using eQuest to obtain typical baseline temperatures for each building.
TMY3 weather data was collected and averaged over the ASHRAE weather Zones 5 and 6 to create heating and cooling degree days
using the typical baseline temperatures.

Wall Insulation 65

Table 2-41 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Wall Insulation 66

Table 2-42 Heating and Cooling Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type56
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

56 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Ceiling Insulation 67

2.7. Ceiling Insulation
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to ceiling insulation installed in
commercial spaces which are more efficient than existing insulation or prevailing codes and
standards.
Ceiling insulation is rated by its R-value. An R-value indicates its resistance to heat flow (where
a higher the R-value indicates a greater insulating effectiveness). The R-value depends on the
type of insulation including its material, thickness, and density. When calculating the R-value of a
multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.
Table 2-43 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per insulation ft2 square foot) energy impacts for
this measure. Table 2-44 summarizes the deemed energy savings for the specific insulation
upgrade cited. Typical and deemed values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values
described below. The typical and deemed values reported in this chapter are based on a weighted
average across multiple building types. The cooling savings assume either DX or Hydronic cooling
(depending on what is considered ‘typical’ for that building type) while the heating component
assumes DX air-cooled heat pumps.
Table 2-43 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling Only)57
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings .010 kWh .0011 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .006 W .0007 W
Average Gas Impacts .081 Therms .009 Therms
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.20
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

57 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling savings. Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for
cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should
be based on the following table.

Ceiling Insulation 68

Table 2-44 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling & Heating)58
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 1.32 kWh .149 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .006 W .0007 W
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.20
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

The following table, Table 2-45, shows the average retrofit savings for cooling only and cooling &
heating for retrofit going from R11 to R38 and R11 to R49
Table 2-45 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation Retrofit from R11 to R38/R4959
Cooling Only Cooling & Heating
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings .015 kWh 2.015 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .009 W .009 W
Average Gas Impacts .124 Therms 0 Therms
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1.38 $ 1.38
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.7.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible roof/ceiling area is limited to buildings or potions of buildings with central mechanical air
conditioning or PTAC systems. Qualifying ceiling insulation can be rigid foam, fiberglass bat, or
blown-in fiberglass or cellulose a long as material is eligible, assuming it meets or exceeds the
required R-value. The insulation must upgrade from R11 or less to a minimum of R24 or from R19
or less to a minimum of R38.
2.7.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
58 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling and heating savings.
59 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling and heating savings.

Ceiling Insulation 69

Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing insulation, then the baseline efficiency is defined by the
pre-existing insulation.
New Construction (New Construction, Replace on Burnout)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable R-value by
the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction from
the previous standard ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007. Given the recent adoption the program
expects to see participants permitted to either of these standards so stipulated code values for
both are provided.
2.7.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWhcool + ∆kWhheat
∆kWhcool = A * ( CDD * 24)/(SEER * 1000) * (1/Rbase – 1/Rmeas)
∆kWhheat = A * ( HDD * 24)/(HSPF * 1000) * (1/Rbase – 1/Rmeas)
∆kWpeak = ∆kWhcool / EFLHcool * CF
2.7.4. Definitions
A Area of the insulation that was installed in square feet
HDD Heating degree days, refer to Table 2-51 for typical heating degree days
for different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should
be used to calculate the HDD
for different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should
be used to calculate the CDD.
base
insulation is installed
meas
is installed
Values for various building types are stipulated in Table 2-53
available, actual system hours of use should be used.

Ceiling Insulation 70

appropriate equivalent. If the SEER or IEER are unknown or unavailable
use the following formula to estimate from the EER:
SEER60 = .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
HSPF Heating Season Performance Factor. This is identical to the SEER
(described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the
heat pump COP is available, then use the following:
HSPF = .5651 * COP2 + .464 * COP + .4873
reduction which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
∆kWh/UnitRetrofit
∆kWhNew Const
efficient
estimate for the measure.
2.7.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.61
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls62
 IECC 2015
2.7.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

60 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.
61 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
62 After reviewing the sources feeding into the DEER value of 20 years it was found that the 20 year determination was based on a
DEER policy for maximum EUL. Since DEER sources supported a higher EUL the higher EUL is used here.

Ceiling Insulation 71

Table 2-46 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation - Retrofit63
Insulation Values Cooling Heating Cooling Heating
R-11 to R-24 0.007 0.000 0.007 0.011 1.458 1.469
R-11 to R-38 0.009 0.000 0.009 0.014 1.913 1.927
R-11 to R-49 0.010 0.000 0.010 0.015 2.088 2.103
R-19 to R-38 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.006 0.779 0.785
R-19 to R-49 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.007 0.954 0.961
0.008 0.000 0.008 0.010 1.308 1.317

Table 2-47 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation – New Construction64
W/ft2 kWh/ft2
R-38 to R-49
Cooling .0007 0.0011
Heating 0.0 0.148
Cooling & Heating .0007 0.149

Table 2-48 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 565
Zone 5 Nonresidential 2004 Nonresidential 2007
Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Value Insulation Min. R-Value
Insulation Entirely Above Deck R-15.0 c.i. R-20.0 c.i.
Metal Building R-19.0 R-19.0
Attic and Other R-30.0 R-38.0

Table 2-49 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 666
Zone 6 Nonresidential 2004 Nonresidential 2007
Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Value Insulation Min. R-Value
Insulation Entirely Above Deck R-15.0 c.i. R-20.0 c.i.
Metal Building R-19.0 R-19.0
Attic and Other R-38.0 R-38.0
63 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.
64 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.
65 Values stipulated from ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 Table 5.5-5
66 Values stipulated from ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 Table 5.5-6

Ceiling Insulation 72

Table 2-50 International Energy Conservation Code 2015 Chapter 467
Zone 5 Zone 6
Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Value Insulation Min. R-Value
Insulation Entirely Above Deck R-30 ci R-30 ci
Metal Building R-19 + R-11 LS R-19 + R-11 LS
Attic and Other R-38 R-49

Table 2-51 Base Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type68
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type HDD CDD HDD CDD
Assembly 5,866 229 7,325 170
Community College 5,866 187 7,325 134
Conditioned Storage 5,866 187 7,325 134
Fast Food Restaurant 5,866 187 7,325 134
Full Service Restaurant 5,866 187 7,325 134
High School
Hospital 7,628 278 9,169 210
Hotel 7,690 413 9,233 321
Large Retail 1 Story 7,690 517 9,233 405
Large Retail 3 Story 7,690 286 9,233 216
Large Office 5,700 159 7,140 124
Light Manufacturing 6,430 253 7,912 189
Medical Clinic 5,759 159 7,206 124
Motel 6,901 286 8,407 216
Multi Family 6,901 286 8,407 216
Nursing Home 6,329 284 7,809 216
Primary School 6,329 284 7,809 216
Small Office 6,545 286 8,042 216
Small Retail 5,700 159 7,140 124
University 5,866 229 7,325 170

67 Values stipulated from the International Energy Conservation Code 2015 Chapter 4 Table C402.1.4
68 Values obtained from simulations of the DEER input models using eQuest to obtain typical baseline temperatures for each building.
TMY3 weather data was collected and averaged over the ASHRAE weather Zones 5 and 6 to create heating and cooling degree days
using the typical baseline temperatures.

Ceiling Insulation 73

Table 2-52 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.10
Education - Secondary School 0.10
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Ceiling Insulation 74

Table 2-53 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type69
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

69 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Reflective Roof 75

2.8. Reflective Roof
This section covers installation of “cool roof” roofing materials in commercial buildings. Energy
and demand saving are realized through reductions in the building cooling loads. The approach
utilizes DOE-2.2 simulations on a series of commercial DEER prototypical building models.
Table 2-54 and Table 2-55 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ft2) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-54 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Low-Slope Roof (2:12 or less) Reflective
Roof
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2
70 15 Years 15 Years

Table 2-55 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Steep-Slope Roof (>2:12) Reflective Roof
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2
70
71
72
2.8.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes all reflective roofing materials when applied to the roof above a space
with central mechanical air conditioning or PTAC systems. The roof treatment must be Energy
Star rated or tested through a Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) accredited laboratory. For low-
slope (2:12 or less) roofs, the roof products must have a solar reflectivity of at least 0.70 and
70 From 2008 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2008.2.05, “Effective/Remaining Useful Life Values”,
California Public Utilities Commission, December 16, 2008
71 Labor costs from 2005 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2005.2.01, “Technology and Measure Cost
Data”, California Public Utilities Commission, October 26, 2005
72 Material costs from common roof types found in EPA’s Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies:
http://www.epa.gov/heatisld/resources/pdf/CoolRoofsCompendium.pdf

Reflective Roof 76

thermal emittance of 0.75. For steep slope (greater than 2:12) roofs, minimum solar reflectance
is 0.25. Note that facilities with pre-existing cool roofs are not eligible for this measure.
2.8.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the pre-existing (non-cool roof) roofing material.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline for new construction projects is established by the constructions and materials
typically employed for similar new construction buildings and roof constructions. For the purposes
of calculating typical energy savings for this measure it is assumed that the baseline roofing
material has a reflectance of 0.15.73
2.8.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWh/Unit * A
∆kW = ∆kW/Unit * A
2.8.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-56 and Table 2-57 according to
building type and climate zone.
∆kW/Unit Per unit demand reduction as stipulated in Table 2-56 and Table 2-57 according
to building type and climate zone.
A Area of cool roofing material installed [ft2]
2.8.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.

73 Value derived using common roof types performance specifications found in the EPA publication Reducing Urban Heat Islands:
Compendium of Strategies: http://www.epa.gov/heatisld/resources/pdf/CoolRoofsCompendium.pdf

Reflective Roof 77

 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models, eQUEST-DEER 3-5.74
 ASHRAE. 2006. Weather data for building design standards. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
169-2006.
 2004-2005 Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) Update Study. December
2005
 2008 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2008.2.05,
“Effective/Remaining Useful Life Values”, California Public Utilities Commission,
December 16, 2008
 2005 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2005.2.01, “Technology
and Measure Cost Data”, California Public Utilities Commission, October 26, 2005
2.8.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-56 Unit Energy Savings for Low-Slope (<= 2:12) Reflective Roof75
Building Type kWh W kWh W
Primary School 0.082 0.076 0.062 0.059
Secondary School 0.088 0.060 0.052 0.046
Community College 0.392 0.075 0.449 0.068
University 0.148 0.092 0.141 0.083
Hospital 0.086 0.050 0.076 0.052
Nursing Home 0.120 0.096 0.101 0.087
Hotel 0.137 0.054 0.124 0.049
Motel 0.099 0.152 -0.014 0.135
Light Manufacturing 0.078 0.069 0.062 0.062
Small Office 0.102 0.089 0.089 0.083
Large Office 0.202 0.227 0.167 0.183
Full Service Restaurant (Sit-Down) 0.119 0.098 0.092 0.084
Fast Food 0.072 0.046 0.053 0.041
Small Retail 0.117 0.099 0.095 0.084
Large 1-story Retail 0.140 0.112 0.112 0.095
3-story Retail 0.087 0.057 0.098 0.049
Conditioned Storage 0.049 0.051 0.018 0.014

74 Prototypical building energy simulation models were used to obtain U-Factor and SHGC values for each building type.
75 See spreadsheet “8-TypicalCalcs_CoolRoof.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings.

Reflective Roof 78

Table 2-57 Unit Energy Savings for Steep-Slope (> 2:12) Reflective Roof76
Building Type kWh W kWh W
Primary School 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011
Secondary School 0.015 0.012 0.009 0.009
Community College 0.076 0.013 0.071 0.011
University 0.027 0.016 0.021 0.014
Hospital 0.014 0.008 0.013 0.008
Nursing Home 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.016
Hotel 0.026 0.009 0.028 0.008
Motel 0.017 0.026 -0.002 0.024
Light Manufacturing 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.011
Small Office 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.015
Large Office 0.037 0.038 0.032 0.030
Full Service Restaurant (Sit-Down) 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.015
Fast Food 0.013 0.008 0.010 0.007
Small Retail 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.015
Large 1-story Retail 0.025 0.020 0.020 0.017
3-story Retail 0.013 0.011 0.018 0.009
Conditioned Storage 0.010 0.012 0.006 0.005

76 See spreadsheet “8-TypicalCalcs_CoolRoof.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings.

Efficient Windows 79

2.9. Efficient Windows
The following algorithm and assumptions are applicable to efficient windows in commercial
spaces which provide a lower U-value than existing windows or prevailing codes and standards.
Savings will be realized through reductions in the buildings cooling and heating loads. Note that
window films and windows with too low an SHGC value can for many buildings increase the
heating loads (unless the building has a significant internal load as is the case for example in
hospitals and/or data centers). In a heating dominated climate such as Idaho the increase in
heating loads can negate any reduction in the cooling loads. Energy impacts for this measure are
largely due to the improved U-Value and care should be taken when selecting windows to ensure
that the SHGC values are appropriate for the building and climate.
Table 2-58 and Table 2-61 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per window ft2) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
77
Table 2-58 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2
78

Table 2-59 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Heating and Cooling)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2

77 Average unit energy and peak demand cooling savings are based on a weighted average of electric resistance and heat pump
savings only. Average unit energy and peak demand cooling savings are based on a weighted average of chiller and dx cooling only.
See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows_v6.xlsx” for additional assumptions and calculations, EUL, and incremental cost.
78 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Efficient Windows 80

Table 2-60 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2
79

Table 2-61 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling and Heating)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 2

2.9.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
To be considered eligible equipment windows must be independently tested and certified
according to the standards established by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC).
While the NFRC does provide such testing and certification - any NFRC-licensed independent
certification and inspection agency can provide certification. One example of such a body is the
American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA). In addition, eligible windows must
meet or exceed the following performance ratings:
Efficient Windows: SHGC = any and U-factor <= 0.42
Premium Windows: SHGC = any and U-factor <= 0.3
Window films and shades are not eligible under this measure as they reduce the SHGC without
providing an appreciable improvement in the U-Value and in many circumstances their addition
would result in an increased heating load which negates or exceeds the reduction in cooling loads.

79 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Efficient Windows 81

Retrofit equipment replacement must include replacing the glass and window frame together.
2.9.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment than the baseline efficiency is defined by the
pre-existing windows.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For new construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable window
performance in the prevailing building energy code or standard to which the project was permitted.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction from
the previous standards of IECC 2009 and ASHRAE 90.1 2007.
2.9.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Δ Δ Heating + ΔkWhCooling
ΔkWhHeating

ΔkWhCooling
= base meas
( SHGCbase – SHGCmeas ) * Et,Heating ) / HSPF / 1000
= A * ( ( Ubase – Umeas ) * ( CDD x 24 ) +
( SHGCbase – SHGCmeas ) * Et,Cooling ) / SEER / 1000
Δ peak = A * ( ( Ubase meas Δ peak base meas t,Cooling peak
) / EER / 1000 * CF
2.9.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWhHeating/Cooling Non-coincident energy reduction for the and end-uses.
A Total area of the windows being installed in the same orientation.
Ubase
meas
used to calculate the HDD
used to calculate the CDD.
base
meas

Efficient Windows 82

t heating Total irradiance for heating found in Table 2-64 and Table 2-65.
Et cooling Total irradiance for cooling found in Table 2-64 and Table 2-65.
SEER Seasonal Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit. This is defined
as the ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs),
to the total electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate
equivalent. If the SEER or IE
following formula to estimate from the EER: 80
SEER ≈ .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
EER Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit.
ratio of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner in British Thermal Units
provide EER requirements for air-cooled air conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h,
assume the following conversion:
EER ≈ -0.02 * SEER2 + 1.12 * SEER
(described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the
heat pump COP is available, then use the following:
HSPF = .5651 * COP2 + .464 * COP + .4873
Δ peak Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔTpeak Difference between indoor and outdoor air temperature during peak
periods.
which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period which can be found in Table
2-69

2.9.5. Sources
 IECC 2007
 IECC 2015
 ASHRAE Fundamentals 2007
 ASHRAE 90.1 2007
2.9.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
80 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.

Efficient Windows 83

Table 2-62 Retrofit Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft.
Orientation Savings Type
North
15.87 n/a 12.21 n/a
Cooling
16.02 0.000 12.33 0.000
South
Heating
3.48 0.001 2.34 0.001
West
10.15 n/a 8.39 n/a
Cooling
13.36 0.001 10.55 0.001
East
Heating
Cooling 2.05 0.000 1.38 0.000
10.06 0.000 8.35 0.000
Average
Heating
2.22 0.62 1.50 0.44
Heating and Cooling

Table 2-63 New Construction Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft.
Orientation Savings Type kWh/sq. ft. kW/sq. ft.
North
South
West
East
Average

Efficient Windows 84

Table 2-64 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for Zone 5 each Building Type81
South North East West
Building Type Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling
Assembly 260,105 177,133 0 0 142,974 99,777 116,398 169,977
Community College 200,825 194,884 0 0 108,124 111,238 75,997 183,584
Conditioned Storage 260,105 149,214 0 0 142,974 73,103 116,398 152,829
Fast Food Restaurant 262,047 177,133 0 0 144,369 99,777 118,314 169,977
Full Service Restaurant 274,518 162,841 0 0 154,606 87,595 125,788 160,668
High School 254,575 188,124 0 0 139,313 107,248 112,118 178,031
Hospital 40,575 402,123 0 0 21,586 224,975 7,842 282,306
Hotel 191,629 251,070 0 0 101,745 144,817 70,866 219,282
Large Retail 1 Story 233,102 205,178 0 0 127,168 117,394 96,662 191,023
Large Retail 3 Story 235,662 177,133 0 0 128,424 99,777 97,898 169,977
Large Office 200,825 226,315 0 0 108,124 128,810 75,997 204,378
Light Manufacturing 233,102 200,609 0 0 127,168 113,761 96,662 187,701
Medical Clinic 282,540 160,159 0 0 161,835 84,727 131,473 158,675
Motel 167,419 275,280 0 0 86,070 160,491 57,636 232,512
Multi Family 183,563 200,609 0 0 96,926 113,761 66,061 187,701
Nursing Home 305,929 136,769 0 0 184,449 62,113 145,638 144,510
Primary School 251,624 191,075 0 0 137,733 108,829 109,974 180,174
Small Office 192,687 227,580 0 0 102,380 129,336 71,411 206,160

81 See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows_v6.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Efficient Windows 85

Table 2-65 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for Zone 6 each Building Type82
South North East West
Building Type Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling Heating Cooling
Assembly 262,986 173,414 0 0 167,824 105,991 107,377 148,196
Community College 193,984 186,789 0 0 107,504 116,779 68,321 156,324
Conditioned Storage 289,002 140,600 0 0 192,527 74,804 122,625 127,893
Fast Food Restaurant 274,343 162,057 0 0 180,165 93,650 114,209 141,364
Full Service Restaurant 289,002 147,398 0 0 192,527 81,289 122,625 132,949
High School 289,002 147,398 0 0 192,527 81,289 122,625 132,949
Hospital 294,217 173,881 0 0 197,428 106,399 126,416 148,883
Hotel 252,573 183,827 0 0 159,558 114,258 100,494 155,080
Large Retail 1 Story 248,700 187,700 0 0 155,902 117,914 98,689 156,885
Large Retail 3 Story 262,986 171,120 0 0 167,824 103,629 107,377 147,068
Large Office 225,978 213,687 0 0 133,520 143,492 85,976 171,490
Light Manufacturing 261,774 174,626 0 0 166,188 107,628 106,217 149,357
Medical Clinic 294,217 142,183 0 0 197,428 76,388 126,416 129,158
Motel 277,829 158,571 0 0 183,925 89,890 115,674 139,900
Multi Family 228,602 142,183 0 0 136,561 76,388 87,526 129,158
Nursing Home 302,373 134,027 0 0 202,521 71,295 132,991 122,582
Primary School 280,394 156,006 0 0 187,079 86,737 117,379 138,195
Small Office 240,556 193,253 0 0 147,531 124,286 94,487 159,873

82 See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs.

Efficient Windows 86

Table 2-66 Baseline U-Factor and SHGC for Each Building83
Building U-Factor
Assembly 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Primary School 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Secondary School 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Community College 0.81 0.70 0.64
Education - University 1.04 0.83 0.84
Grocery 0.81 0.71 0.70
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.81 0.70 0.65
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.81 0.70 0.64
Lodging - Hotel 0.81 0.70 0.64
Lodging - Motel 0.81 0.70 0.64
Manufacturing - Bio/Tech 0.81 0.71 0.70
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.81 0.71 0.70
Office - Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Office - Small 0.81 0.71 0.70
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.81 0.71 0.70
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - Small 0.81 0.71 0.70
Storage - Conditioned 0.81 0.71 0.70
Storage - Unconditioned 0.81 0.71 0.70
Warehouse - Refrigerated 0.81 0.71 0.70

Table 2-67 Average Heating/Cooling COP84
Heating Cooling
Electric Resistance Heat Pump Chiller DX
2.6 3.6 5.1 2.9

83 See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows_v6.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
84 Average COP by heating/cooling type stipulated in ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 code baseline efficiencies.

Efficient Windows 87

Table 2-68 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type85
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

85 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Efficient Windows 88

Table 2-69 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type CF
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Building Energy Management Controls 89

2.10. HVAC Controls
This section covers the implementation of HVAC controls in commercial buildings. HVAC controls
include economizers, demand controlled ventilation (DCV), and EMS controls. The discussion of
eligible equipment provides more detail regarding the individual measures. HVAC controls garner
energy savings by optimizing the algorithms by which HVAC equipment are operated. The
approach used in this TRM to estimate energy impacts from such measures is based on DOE-
2.2 simulations of prototypical commercial building models.86
The controls measures included in this chapter do not encompass equipment optimization, retro-
commissioning, or commissioning. Such projects are demonstrated to have significant variance
in energy impacts and short measure lives (lack of persistence). They are more suitable for a
custom approach and are not included in the TRM. Measures of this nature include: temperature
set-point and equipment staging optimization, thermostat set-back overrides, and behavioral or
maintenance oriented measures.
Table 2-70 though Table 2-77 summarize ‘typical’ expected (per ton of cooling) energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below.87
Table 2-70 Typical Savings Estimates for Air-Side Economizer Only (New and Repair)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 278 kWh 186 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .0140 kW .0126 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 0 Therms 0 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 155.01 (New) n/a

86 The prototypical building models are sourced from the DEER 2008.
87 See spreadsheet “10-TypicalCalcs_HVACcntrls.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs. Also note that the savings figures represented in these tables give equal weight to the four HVAC
system types discussed later in this chapter

Building Energy Management Controls 90

Table 2-71 Typical Savings Estimates for Demand Controlled Ventilation Only
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of Cooling Ton of Cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 319 kWh 132 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 31.24 W 11.61 W
Average Unit Gas Savings 16.58 Therms 6.91 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $176 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $122
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-72 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/1 Strategy Implemented88
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 371 kWh 226 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .10 kW .06 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 8 Therms 6 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-73 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 2 Strategies Implemented89
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 621 kWh 408 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .10 kW .07 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 8 Therms 8 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

88 Assumes that one (1) control measure is implemented on average.
89 Assumes that two (2) control measures are implemented on average.

Building Energy Management Controls 91

Table 2-74 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 3 Strategies Implemented90
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 870 kWh 511 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .13 kW .07 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 28 Therms 13 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-75 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 4 Strategies Implemented91
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,730 kWh 568 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .26 kW .03 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 96 Therms 21 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-76 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 5 Strategies Implemented92
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,798 kWh 618 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .31 kW .06 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 97 Therms 21 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

90 Assumes that three (3) control measures are implemented on average.
91 Assumes that four (4) control measures are implemented on average.
92 Assumes that five (5) control measures are implemented on average.

Building Energy Management Controls 92

Table 2-77 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 6 Strategies Implemented
93
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,818 kWh 644 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .32 kW .08 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 97 Therms 21 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.10.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is based on applicable HVAC system type (note that any building with a system
type that isn’t included in Table 2-78 should follow a custom path) and appropriately implementing
the controls measures listed in Table 2-79. Note that evaporative cooling equipment is not eligible
for this measure.
Table 2-78 HVAC System Types
Item System Type
1 VAV with chilled water coils
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS)
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump
7 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
8 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
9 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System
10 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit
Note that detailed descriptions for each of the above system types can be found in ASHRAE
Handbook – Systems. A summary of the system types, their typical configurations, and how
93 Assumes the six (6) control measures are implemented on average.

Building Energy Management Controls 93

they are modeled in eQuest94 can be found in Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Program
Volume 3: Topics.95
Table 2-79 EMS Measures
Item Measure
1 Optimum Start/Stop
2 Economizer Controls
3 Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
4 Supply Air Reset
5 Chilled Water Reset
6 Condenser Water Reset
Eligibility requirements for each of the control strategies listed above are as follows:
Optimum Start/Stop
needed to meet the desired zone temperatures. The fan stop time is
advanced until the fan run time matches that needed to meet the
desired zone temperatures.
Economizer Controls
below the maximum allowed temperature. Enthalpy control is also
allowed.
Demand Controlled
Ventilation (DCV)
The minimum outside air fraction is varied based on a DCV sensor.
The air temperature leaving the system cooling coil is reset based
on outdoor air temperature.
Chilled Water Reset
Condenser Water Reset
temperature
2.10.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is an existing mechanical HVAC system (see list in
Table 2-78 for eligible systems) that has not implemented the control strategy (or strategies)
claimed in the project. See Table 2-79 for a list of eligible control strategies. Note that evaporative
cooling equipment is not eligible for this measure.
New Construction (Includes Major Renovations)

94 The software package used to simulate energy impacts for this measure.
95 http://doe2.com/download/DOE-22/DOE22Vol3-Topics.pdf

Building Energy Management Controls 94

The baseline equipment for new construction projects is an HVAC system (see list in Table 2-78
for eligible systems) that meets the local building energy codes and standards. Many of the
measures listed in Table 2-79 are required by IECC 2015 and IECC 2012 save for certain
exceptions. These exceptions are reproduced in Appendix B and represent the only cases in
which the measures are eligible. Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency
standard for new construction from the previous standard IECC 2012. Given the recent adoption
the programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these standards and
exceptions for both are provided.
2.10.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWh/ton * Cap
∆kW = ∆kW/ton * Cap
2.10.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/ton Energy savings on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-80 though
Table 2-91.
∆kW/ton Demand reduction on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-80 though
Table 2-91.
Cap Capacity (in Tons) of the HVAC system on which the HVAC control(s) are
installed.

2.10.5. Sources
 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
 Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) 2008.
2.10.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-80 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 5

Building Energy Management Controls 95

# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils
VAV with chilled water coils
VAV with chilled water coils
VAV with chilled water coils 1,741 0.267
5 VAV with chilled water coils 1,806 0.309
6 VAV with chilled water coils 1,827 0.319
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 354 0.151
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 750 0.153
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 791 0.168
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 791 0.168
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS)
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS)
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 943 0.099
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,051 0.100
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,603 0.105
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,603 0.105
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 373 0.102
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 561 0.104
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 678 0.114
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 678 0.114
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 96

# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)252 0.102
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 494 0.103
3 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 552 0.113
4 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 552 0.113
5 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
6 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
1 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 234 0.075
2 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
3 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
4 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
5 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
6 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 227 0.114
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 464 0.116
3 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 464 0.116
4 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 464 0.116
5 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
1 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 391 0.114
2 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 611 0.116
3 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit
4 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit
5 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit
6 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit

Building Energy Management Controls 97

Table 2-81 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 5
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 163 0.011
VAV with chilled water coils 536 0.013
VAV with chilled water coils 566 0.026
VAV with chilled water coils 569 0.026
VAV with chilled water coils 619 0.063
VAV with chilled water coils 645 0.075
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 225 0.097
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 530 0.098
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 578 0.113
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 578 0.113
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 175 0.066
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 276 0.067
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 276 0.077
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 276 0.077
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 457 0.066
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 557 0.067
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 757 0.067
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 757 0.067
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 134 0.070
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 299 0.072
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 304 0.083
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 304 0.083
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 265 0.070
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 430 0.072
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 546 0.084
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 546 0.084
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 151 0.011

Building Energy Management Controls 98

# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 312 0.013
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 371 0.023
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 267 0.053
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 321 0.058
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 371 0.097
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 371 0.097
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 536 0.098
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 638 0.103
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 99

Table 2-82 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 6
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 490 0.074
2 VAV with chilled water coils 1,183 0.083
4 VAV with chilled water coils 1,686 0.253
5 VAV with chilled water coils 1,762 0.295
6
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 661 0.134
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 731 0.147
4
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 204 0.076
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 301 0.081
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 301 0.087
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
6
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,115 0.089
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,624 0.090
4
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 198 0.080
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 364 0.097
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 367 0.103
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
6

Building Energy Management Controls 100

# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
1 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 244 0.080
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 467 0.096
3
5 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
6 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
1
2
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 461 0.075
5 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
6 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
1
2
3
6 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 377 0.089
2 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 599 0.106
3
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 101

Table 2-83 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 6
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 162 0.014
2 VAV with chilled water coils 538 0.018
3 VAV with chilled water coils 560 0.027
4 VAV with chilled water coils 564 0.027
5 VAV with chilled water coils 613 0.065
6 VAV with chilled water coils 640 0.079
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 201 0.081
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 468 0.087
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 564 0.099
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 564 0.099
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 160 0.056
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 241 0.060
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 241 0.067
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 241 0.067
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 494 0.056
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 574 0.060
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 754 0.060
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 754 0.060
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 122 0.058
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 263 0.070
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 266 0.078
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 266 0.078
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 293 0.058
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 433 0.070
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 593 0.078
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 593 0.078
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 166 0.109

Building Energy Management Controls 102

# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 308 0.119
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 382 0.126
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
2 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 258 0.049
3 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 323 0.052
5 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
6 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) n/a n/a
2 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 334 0.088
3 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 334 0.088
5 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
2 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 505 0.088
3 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 674 0.091
5 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 103

Table 2-84 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 837 0.0030
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 451 0.0020
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 130 0.0020
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 122 0.0020
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 272 0.0059
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 187 0.0059
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 261 0.0906

Table 2-85 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 437 0.0013
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 344 0.0020
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 167 0.0039
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 167 0.0039
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 166 -0.0537

Building Energy Management Controls 104

Table 2-86 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 879 0.0119
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 405 0.0068
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 107 0.0068
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 101 0.0059
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 179 0.0185
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 179 0.0185
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 247 0.0205
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 165 0.0146
240 0.0202
240 0.0202

Table 2-87 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 442 0.0040
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 304 0.0068
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 93 0.0059
144 0.0156
Packaged Variable Volume and 144 0.0156
161 0.0703
Ground Source Heat Pump 108 0.0088
169 0.0161
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump 169 0.0161

Building Energy Management Controls 105

Table 2-88 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 2.68 0.554
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.11 0.072
-0.06 0.029
2.19 0.008

Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 0.92 0.040
0.71 0.025
-0.09 0.021
0.63 0.020

Table 2-89 Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 0.08 0.035

-0.48 0.032
0.90 -0.010
0.02 0.034

-0.09 0.021
0.63 0.021

Building Energy Management Controls 106

Table 2-90 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 2.72 0.577
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.21 0.058
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat -0.15 0.018
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 2.04 -0.012
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 0.00 0.018
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 0.78 0.018
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 0.91 0.052
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 0.71 0.028
-0.09 0.005
0.92 0.004

Table 2-91 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 0.04 0.028
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.28 0.051
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat -0.58 0.018
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 0.86 -0.027
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 0.00 0.017
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 0.72 0.017
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 0.69 0.187
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 0.54 0.025
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System -0.09 0.004
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 0.94 0.004

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
107

2.11. Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to occupancy based Guest Room
Energy Management Systems (GREM) installed in motel and hotel guest rooms. These systems
use one or more methods to determine whether the guest room is occupied. If the room is un-
occupied for a predetermined amount of time (typically 15 - 30 min) the thermostat set-point is
set-back.
Table 2-92 through Table 2-94 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per Ton) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below and
data from past program participants.96
Table 2-92 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (w/o Housekeeping Set-Backs)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012 IECC 2015
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,095 kWh 965 kWh 951 kWh 949 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-93 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (With Housekeeping Set-Backs)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012 IECC 2015
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 235 kWh 196 kWh 194 kWh 193 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

96 See spreadsheet “11-TypicalCalcs_GREM_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs. Note that due to the limited savings available for gas heated facilities the numbers in these tables
account only for electric heating fuel system types (e.g. heat-pumps and electric resistance coils).

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
108

Table 2-94 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (Average)97
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012 IECC 2015
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 665 kWh 581 kWh 572 kWh 571 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.11.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible systems include any occupancy based thermostatic set-back controls controlling an
electrically heated system. Systems can be centralized or local controls. Systems must set-back
room space temperatures by a minimum of 8 degrees F when the room is determined to be
unoccupied. Temperature set-back must occur no longer than 30 minutes after the room is
determined unoccupied. Eligible systems include, thermostat based controls, room key-card
controls, and system check-in/check-out controls.
2.11.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. However; there
are currently no building energy code requirements (as defined in ASHRAE 90.1) which mandate
installation of Guestroom Occupancy Control Systems. As such the baseline for retrofit and new
construction projects only differ in the efficiency of the existing HVAC systems and building
envelope.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as a non-occupant based room thermostat (either
manual or programmable) installed in the existing room.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as a non-occupant based room thermostat (either
manual or programmable) installed in the designed room. Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as
the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the recent adoption the programs are
expected to see participants permitted to any of these standards and savings for all are provided.

97 The savings represented in this table give equal weight to the two prevailing baseline conditions (e.g. with and without a
housekeeping set-back).

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
109

2.11.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkWhUnittypical = Σ(ΔkWh/Uniti * Wi)
2.11.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-95 through Table 2-98
according to case temperatures.
ΔkWh/Unittypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkWh/Uniti
housekeeping practices, weather zone, and heating fuel source.
Wi Population weight for each ΔkWh/Uniti. Calculated by dividing the
expected number of participants with ΔkWh/Uniti by the total number of
expected participants.
2.11.5. Sources
 Prototypical hotel and motel simulation models were developed in EnergyPlus by ADM
Associates Inc. for this measure.
 U.S. Department of Energy Report on PTAC and PTHP energy use in Lodging facilities:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/ptac_pthps
_tsd_ch7_09-30-08.pdf
 Kidder Mathews, Real Estate Market Review (Seattle Hotel). 2010
 IECC 2015
2.11.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.98

98 Savings values are based on an assumed 46% annual average guestroom vacancy rate. This assumption is based on real estate
market research for Boise, Idaho Falls, and Post Falls in 2010.

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
110

Table 2-95 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems - Retrofit
Housekeeping Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Gas Electric Heat-Gas Electric

Table 2-96 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2009)
Housekeeping Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Gas Electric Heat-Gas Electric

Table 2-97 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2012)
Housekeeping Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Pump Gas Gas

Table 2-98 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2015)
Housekeeping
Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Pump Gas Gas

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 111

2.12. High Efficiency Air Conditioning
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to energy efficient air conditioning units
installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either
equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-99 through Table 2-100 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) unit energy impacts
for this measure.99 Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below
and data from past program participants. Note that Table 2-99 reports the incremental savings
and costs associated with going from CEE Tier 1 to CEE Tier 2 and are therefore additive with
the appropriate baseline value based on the product.
Table 2-99 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – CEE Code
Standard Incremental
Retrofit to Tier 1 Construction Tier 1 to Tier 2 Advanced
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 142 kWh 14 kWh 56 kWh 106 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.12 kW 0.02 kW 0.04 kW 0.01 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $993 n/a n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $41 $77 $12
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-100 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency PTAC – IECC 2015 Code Standard
New
100
10% More Efficient Efficient Efficient
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 280 kWh 70 kWh 128 kWh 178 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.14 kW 0.05 kW 0.10 kW 0.13 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,372 n/a n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $164 $329 $493
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

99 See spreadsheet “11-TypicalCalcs_HighEffAC_v4.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
100 Retrofit baseline is set to equal the replacement PTAC efficiency from IECC 2015 building code.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 112

2.12.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All commercial unitary and split air conditioning system are eligible (This includes Package
Terminal Air Conditioners) provided the installed equipment meets or exceeds current Consortium
for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 efficiencies. High efficiency chillers are not eligible under this
measure, but are included as a separate measure in this document. Note that projects replacing
pre-existing heat-pump units with A/C only are eligible under this measure – though no impacts
are considered for the heating component. Eligibility is determined by calculating the EER, SEER,
and/or the IEER for the installed unit.
2.12.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition, then the baseline efficiency
is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in working order,
then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new construction. Note
that units replacing window/wall mounted air-conditioners, room air-conditioners, and/or
evaporative cooling are not eligible for early replacement and are considered “New Construction.”
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable SEER and
EER by the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was
permitted. Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new
construction. Given the recent adoption the programs are expected to see participants permitted
to any of these standards and savings for all are provided. Note that this only impacts the savings
for CEE Tier 1 units. The baseline efficiency for Tier 1 units is CEE Tier 0 (or code as applicable)
while the baseline efficiency for Tier 2 units is CEE Tier 1.
2.12.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = Cap * (1/SEERbase – 1/SEERInstalled) / 1000 * EFLH
ΔkW = Cap * (1/EERbase – 1/EERInstalled) / 1000 * CF
2.12.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWpeak Expected peak demand savings.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 113

EFLH Equivalent full load cooling hours of. Idaho specific EFLH are by weather zone and
building in Table 2-104.
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which
occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio for base and installed systems. This is defined as the ratio of
the cooling capacity of the air conditioner in British Thermal Units per hour, to the
total electrical input in watts. Since ASHRAE does not provide EER requirements for
air-cooled air conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h, assume the following conversion:
EER ≈ -0.02 * SEER2 + 1.12 * SEER
SEER Seasonal Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit. This is defined as the
ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs), to
electrical input (in Watts).
SEER or IEER are unknown or unavailable use the following formula to estimate from
the EER: 101
SEER = .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
Cap Nominal cooling capaity in kBTU/Hr (1 ton = 12,000BTU/Hr)
2.12.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.102
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.California
DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
 2012 CEE Building Efficiency Standards
 2016 CEE Building Efficiency Standards
 IECC 2009
 IECC 2012
 IECC 2015
2.12.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

101 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.
102 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 114

Table 2-101 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – Retrofit Baseline to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Savings Savings Measure Cost [$/Ton]
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.16 189 $1,438.20
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.12 134 $845.26
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.13 133 $745.21
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.14 140 $847.79
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.12 153 $781.57
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.09 129 $646.77
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.09 120 $1,305.14
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.08 120 $1,294.93
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.15 202 $1,608.74
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.12 198 $924.93
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.12 191 $821.65
Standard 19-64 ton VRF - 10.5 EER 0.13 252 $957.81

Table 2-102 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2015) Baseline
to CEE 2016 Tier 1
Measure Description Savings Savings Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.06 69 $33.68
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.02 6 $27.39
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.03 0 $23.71
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.03 0 $86.63
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.01 8 $34.16
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.00 0 $0.00
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.00 0 $0.00
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.00 0 $0.00
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.06 79 $121.33
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.02 75 $30.95
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.03 69 $26.79
Standard 19-64 ton VRF - 10.5 EER 0.03 107 $97.89

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 115

Table 2-103 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – CEE 2016 Tier 1 to Tier 2103
Base Description Savings Savings Incremental Cost [$/Ton]
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.01 39 $26.62
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.02 57 $27.39
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.02 46 $16.93
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.02 46 $51.98
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.03 21 $85.39
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.07 140 $74.25
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.07 62 $189.29
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.05 41 $142.95
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.02 39 $60.17

103 Note that CEE Tier 2 savings are the incremental savings (and cost) between Tier 1 and Tier 2.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 116

Table 2-104 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Cooling and Heating Hours (EFLH) by Building
Type104
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138

104 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 117

Table 2-105 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Table 2-106 CEE 2016 Minimum Efficiencies by Unit Type for All Tiers105
Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Subcategory Tier 1 Tier 2
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled
(Cooling Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h All
Split System 16.0 SEER 18.0 SEER
Single Package
15.0 16.0 SEER 17.0 SEER
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
≥135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
105 Values obtained from 2016 CEE building efficiency standards for unitary air conditioning units.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 118

Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Subcategory Tier 1 Tier 2
≥240,000 Btu/h and <760,000 Btu/h
Electric Res. Or None Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
≥760,000
Btu/h
Electric Res. Or None Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
Air Conditioners, Water Cooled
All NA 14.0 EER NA
≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h
Electric Res. Or None Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
≥135,000 Btu/h
Electric Res. Or None Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
VRF Air Cooled
(Cooling Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h All Multisplit System
16.0 SEER
NA
≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000
Electric Res.
Or None Multisplit System
11.7 EER
NA NA
14.9 IEER
≥135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h
Electric Res. Or None Multisplit System
11.7 EER
NA NA
14.4 IEER
≥240,000
Btu/h Electric Res. Or None Multisplit System NA NA
manufacturers in all nominal sizes. Instead, the advanced tier is an aspirational level that acknowledges and provides recognition for manufacturers who have developed the most efficient systems available in

High Efficiency Pumps 119

2.13. High Efficiency Heat Pumps
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to energy efficient heat pump units
installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either
equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-107 through Table 2-110 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) unit energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below
and data from past program participants.106 Note that the values listed in the tables below are
averaged across each of the system efficiency and tonnage categories offered by the program.
Table 2-111 through Table 2-120 at the end of this section provide individual savings and
materials/labor costs.
Table 2-107 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps – CEE Tier Structure

Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings (Cooling) 176 kWh 43 kWh 55 kWh
Average Unit Energy Savings (Heating) 313 kWh 66 kWh 57 kWh
Average Unit Energy Savings (Combined) 490 kWh 109 kWh 112 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings (Cooling) 0.12 kW 0.03 kW 0.01 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $905 n/a n/a

106 See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v5.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Pumps 120

Table 2-108 Typical Savings Estimates for Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps by Percentage –
IECC 2015 Code Baseline
Retrofit Baseline to New Construction Code107
10% More Efficient 20% More Efficient 30% More Efficient
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings (Cooling) 195 kWh 68 kWh 125 kWh 174 kWh
Average Unit Energy Savings (Heating) 256 kWh 120 kWh 220 kWh 305 kWh
Average Material & Labor Cost $1135 n/a n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-109 Typical Savings Estimates for Geothermal Heat Pumps by Percentage – IECC
2015 Code Baseline
Retrofit Baseline to New Construction
108
10% More Efficient 20% More Efficient 30% More Efficient
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings (Cooling) 105 kWh 54 kWh 99 kWh 137 kWh
Average Unit Energy Savings 277 kWh 142 kWh 260 kWh 360 kWh
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $207 $414 $621

107 Retrofit baseline is set to the replacement EER from IECC code. See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v5.xlsx” for
assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings and incremental costs.
108 Retrofit baseline is set to 15% worse than current IECC code. See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v5.xlsx” for
assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Pumps 121

Table 2-110 Typical Savings Estimates for Electric Resistance Baseboard Heating to IECC
2015 Code Baseline for PTHP Replacement
Baseboard to PTHP Replacement
Deemed Savings Unit Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings (Cooling) 0 kWh
Average Unit Energy Savings (Heating) 7,223 kWh
Average Material & Labor Cost $881
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.13.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All heat pump systems are eligible provided the installed equipment meets or exceeds current
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 efficiencies. Note that projects replacing pre-
existing A/C only units with heat-pump units are eligible under this measure. In such project the
heating component must use a new construction baseline whereas the cooling component can
use either (retrofit or new construction) baselines as deemed appropriate. Eligibility is determined
by calculating the EER, SEER, IEER, and/or HSPF as appropriate for the installed unit.
2.13.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or New construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition, then the baseline efficiency
is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in working order,
then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new construction.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable EER by the
prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted. Current
applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007. Recently Idaho adopted
IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the recent adoption the
programs are expected to see participants permitted to any of these standards and savings for all
are provided. Note that this only impacts the savings for CEE Tier 1 unit.

High Efficiency Pumps 122

2.13.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWhCool + ΔkWhHeat
= Cap * (1/SEERbase, cool – 1/SEERInstalled, cool) / 1000 * EFLHCool +
Cap * (1/HSPFbase, Heat – 1/HSPFInstalled, Heat) / 1000 * EFLHHeat
ΔkWpeak = Cap * (1/EERbase, cool – 1/EERInstalled, cool) / 1000 * CF
2.13.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWpeak Expected peak demand savings.
EFLH Equivalent full load cooling hours of. Idaho specific EFLH are by weather zone and
building in Table 2-118.
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which
occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio for base and installed systems in cooling and heating
modes. This is defined as the ratio of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner in
British Thermal Units per hour, to the total electrical input in watts. Since ASHRAE
does not provide EER requirements for air-cooled air conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h,
assume the following conversion:
EER ≈ -0.02 * SEER2 + 1.12 * SEER
SEER Seasonal Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit. This is defined as the
ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs), to the total
electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate equivalent. If the
SEER or IEER are unknown or unavailable use the following formula to estimate
from the EER: 109
SEER = .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
HSPF
above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the heat pump COP is
available, then use the following:
HSPF = .5651 * COP2 + .464 * COP + .4873
109 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.

High Efficiency Pumps 123

Cap Nominal cooling capaity in kBTU/Hr (1 ton = 12,000BTU/Hr)
2.13.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.110
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.California
DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
 IECC 2009
 IECC 2012
 IECC 2015
2.13.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-111 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit to CEE 2016 Tier 1111
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Measure Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.12 189 219 408 $950
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.11 152 403 555 $886
Standard 11-19 ton HP unit – 10.7 EER 0.12 140 373 513 $861
Standard 19-64 ton HP unit – 10.1 EER 0.16 211 373 584 $825
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.12 189 219 408 $950
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.12 189 219 408 $950
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.11 152 403 555 $886
Groundwater-source HP Less than 11 Tons - 16 EER 0.11 156 195 351 $971
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.15 217 219 436 $1,090
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.2 EER 0.11 260 403 663 $1,001
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 10.8 EER 0.12 264 373 637 $973
Standard greater than 19 ton VRF - 10.2 EER 0.16 346 373 719 $932

110 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
111 Retrofit equipment estimated to be 15% worse than current IECC Code. See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v3.xlsx”
for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Pumps 124

Table 2-112 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – New Construction (IECC
2015) Base to CEE 2016 Tier 1
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Incr.Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.03 69 32 101 $153
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.01 13 126 138 $116
Standard 11-19 ton HP unit – 10.7 EER 0.02 0 57 57 $116
Standard 19-64 ton HP unit – 10.1 EER 0.05 47 57 105 $134
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.03 69 32 101 $153
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.03 69 32 101 $153
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.01 13 126 138 $116
Groundwater-source HP Less than 11 Tons - 16 EER 0.03 57 79 136 $370
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.01 121 126 247 $131
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.02 124 57 182 $131
Standard 11-19 ton VRF – 11.3 EER 0.05 182 57 240 $152
Standard greater than 19 ton VRF – 10.1 EER 0.03 69 32 101 $153

Table 2-113 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – CEE 2016 Tier 1 to Tier 2
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All
Incr.
Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.01 39 39 $15.27
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.02 79 79 $30.53
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.01 39 39 $15.27
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.01 39 39 $15.27
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.02 79 79 $30.53
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.02 39 57 95 $34.50

High Efficiency Pumps 125

Table 2-114 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit to IECC 2015 New
Construction112
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Measure Cost
Package Terminal Heat Pump 7,000 Btu/h 0.14 183.26 231.64 414.90 $1,301
Package Terminal Heat Pump 12,000 Btu/h 0.15 195.52 243.27 438.80 $1,109
Package Terminal Heat Pump 15,000 Btu/h 0.16 206.11 292.03 498.13 $994
Water to Air: Water Loop <17,000 Btu/h 0.08 111.41 116.45 227.86 $2,498
Water to Air: Water Loop 17,000>Btu/h>65,000 0.08 108.56 116.45 225.01 $2,624
Water to Air: Water Loop 65,000>Btu/h>135,000 0.08 108.56 116.45 225.01 $2,624
Water to Air: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.06 78.41 156.87 235.29 $3,382
Brine to Air: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.07 100.16 202.73 302.89 $2,787
Water to Water: Water Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.10 135.06 156.87 291.93 $2,246
Water to Water: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.06 86.74 205.21 291.95 $3,129
Water to Water: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.09 113.12 304.09 417.21 $2,480

Table 2-115 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 10% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Incr. Cost
Package Terminal Heat Pump 7,000 Btu/h 0.05 60.53 112.95 173.48 $180.25
Package Terminal Heat Pump 12,000 Btu/h 0.05 68.97 121.64 190.60 $157.53
Package Terminal Heat Pump 15,000 Btu/h 0.06 75.80 125.50 201.30 $143.90
Water to Air: Water Loop <17,000 Btu/h 0.04 58.84 61.29 120.13 $184.79
Water to Air: Water Loop 17,000>Btu/h>65,000 0.04 55.35 61.29 116.64 $196.91
Water to Air: Water Loop 65,000>Btu/h>135,000 0.04 55.35 61.29 116.64 $196.91
Water to Air: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.03 39.88 79.86 119.74 $272.64
Brine to Air: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.04 50.99 101.36 152.36 $213.57
Water to Water: Water Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.05 67.85 79.86 147.72 $160.56
Water to Water: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.03 44.05 106.84 150.89 $246.89
Water to Water: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.04 59.25 152.05 211.30 $183.28

112 Retrofit equipment estimated to be 15% worse than current IECC Code. See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v3.xlsx”
for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings and incremental costs

High Efficiency Pumps 126

Table 2-116 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 20% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Incr.Cost
Package Terminal Heat Pump 7,000 Btu/h 0.08 110.97 207.07 318.05 $360.49
Package Terminal Heat Pump 12,000 Btu/h 0.10 126.44 223.00 349.44 $315.05
Package Terminal Heat Pump 15,000 Btu/h 0.10 138.97 230.08 369.05 $287.79
Water to Air: Water Loop <17,000 Btu/h 0.08 107.87 112.37 220.23 $369.58
Water to Air: Water Loop 17,000>Btu/h>65,000 0.08 101.48 112.37 213.85 $393.82
Water to Air: Water Loop 65,000>Btu/h>135,000 0.08 101.48 112.37 213.85 $393.82
Water to Air: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.05 73.11 146.42 219.52 $545.29
Brine to Air: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.07 93.49 185.84 279.32 $427.14
Water to Water: Water Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.09 124.40 146.42 270.81 $321.11
Water to Water: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.06 80.76 195.88 276.64 $493.79
Water to Water: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.08 108.63 278.75 387.38 $366.55

Table 2-117 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – 30% More Efficient than IECC
2015 New Construction
Measure Description Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Incr.Cost
Package Terminal Heat Pump 7,000 Btu/h 0.12 153.65 286.72 440.37 $540.74
Package Terminal Heat Pump 12,000 Btu/h 0.13 175.07 308.77 349.44 $472.58
Package Terminal Heat Pump 15,000 Btu/h 0.14 192.41 318.57 369.05 $431.69
Water to Air: Water Loop <17,000 Btu/h 0.11 149.36 155.58 220.23 $554.37
Water to Air: Water Loop 17,000>Btu/h>65,000 0.11 140.51 155.58 213.85 $590.73
Water to Air: Water Loop 65,000>Btu/h>135,000 0.11 140.51 155.58 213.85 $590.73
Water to Air: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.08 101.22 202.73 219.52 $817.93
Brine to Air: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.10 129.44 257.31 279.32 $640.71
Water to Water: Water Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.13 172.24 202.73 270.81 $481.67
Water to Water: Ground Water <135,000 Btu/h 0.08 111.82 271.22 276.64 $740.68
Water to Water: Ground Loop <135,000 Btu/h 0.11 150.41 385.97 387.38 $549.83

High Efficiency Pumps 127

Table 2-118 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type113
Building Type
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

113 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Pumps 128

Table 2-119 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

High Efficiency Pumps 129

Table 2-120 CEE 2016 Baseline Efficiency by Unit Type
Equipment Type Size Category Subcategory Tier 1 Tier 2
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h All
Split System
Single Package
≥65,000 and <135,000 Btu/h
Electric Resistance (or None) Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
≥135,000 and <240,000 Btu/h
Electric Resistance (or None) Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
≥240,000 and <760,000 Btu/h
Electric Resistance (or None) Split System and Single Package
All Other Split System and Single Package
Air Cooled (Heating Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h - Split System 8.5 HSPF 9.0 HSPF
- Single Package 8.2 HSPF 8.2 HSPF
≥65,000 and
<135,000 Btu/h
- 47oF db/43oF wb 3.4 COP NA*
- 2.4 COP NA*
≥135,000 Btu/h
- 47oF db/43oF wb 3.2 COP NA*
- 2.1 COP NA*
Water Source <135,000 Btu/h All 86oF Entering 14.0 EER NA*
<135,000 Btu/h - 4.6 COP NA*
VRF Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h All Multisplit System 15 SEER 16 SEER
≥65,000 and <135,000 Btu/h Electric Resistance Multisplit System 11.7 EER NA*
≥135,000 and <240,000 Btu/h
Electric Resistance (or None) Multisplit System 11.7 EER NA*
<240,000 Btu/h Electric Resistance (or None) Multisplit System 10.5 EER NA*

High Efficiency Chillers 130

2.14. High Efficiency Chillers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to Electric Chillers installed in
commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either equipment retrofit or
new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-121 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past
program participants. Note that the values listed in the table below are averaged across each of
the system efficiency and tonnage categories offered by the program. Table 2-122 through Table
2-127 at the end of this section provide individual savings and materials/labor costs.
Table 2-121 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Chillers114
IECC 2015
Retrofit
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 132 kWh 88 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.08 kW 0.06 kW
Expected Useful Life 20 Years 20 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 659 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 25
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC
2.14.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All commercial chiller units are eligible provided the installed equipment exceeds current federal
minimum efficiencies by at least 10%. Eligibility is determined by calculating the Integrated Part
Load Value (IPLV) for the installed unit. The algorithms and stipulated assumptions stipulated for
High Efficiency Chillers apply only to like-for-like chiller replacements and are not suited for
addition of variable speed drives (VSDs) or plant optimization.
Only primary chillers will qualify. Chillers intended for backup service only are not eligible. Air-
cooled chiller efficiencies must include condenser-fan energy consumption. Efficiency ratings for
IPLV must be based on ARI standard rating conditions per ARI-550-98 & ARI-590-98.
2.14.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.

114 See spreadsheet “15-TypicalCalcs_HighEffChillers_v4.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Chillers 131

Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition, then the baseline efficiency
is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in working order,
then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new construction.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable COP and IPLV
by the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction.
2.14.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = Cap * (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * EFLH
ΔkW = Cap * (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * CF
ΔkWh/Uniti = (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * EFLHi
2.14.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings.
IPLV115 Efficiency of high efficiency equipment expressed as Integrated Part Load Value
in units of kW/Ton
Cap116 Chiller nominal cooling capacity in units of Tons
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which
occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EFLH Annual Equivalent Full Load cooling hours for chiller. Values for various building
types are stipulated in Table 2-125. When available, actual system hours of use
should be used.
ΔkWh/Uniti Typical measure savings on a per unit basis per kBTU/hr.

115 Integrated Part Load Value is a seasonal average efficiency rating calculated in accordance with ARI Standard 550/590. It may be
presented using one of several sets of units: EER, kW/ton, or COP.
116 Units for the capacity must match the units for the IPLV.

High Efficiency Chillers 132

2.14.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.117
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
 California DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
 IECC 2015
2.14.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-122 Deemed Measure Savings for Retrofit, IECC 2015
Deemed Savings kW/Ton kWh/Ton
Air-Cooled Chiller with Condenser ≥ 150 Tons
Air-Cooled Chiller without Condenser, electrically operated ≥ 150 Tons
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, positive displacement
≥ 75 and < 150 Tons
≥ 150 and < 0.07 113 $673
≥ 300 and < 600 Tons 0.07 108 $678
≥ 600 Tons
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, centrifugal
≥ 150 and < 300 0.07 110 $676
≥ 300 and < 400 Tons 0.07 105 $679
≥ 400 and 0.07 102 $682
≥ 600 Tons

117 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Chillers 133

Table 2-123 Deemed Measure Savings for New Construction, IECC 2015
Deemed Savings kW/Ton kWh/Ton
Air-Cooled Chiller with Condenser ≥ 150 Tons
Air-Cooled Chiller without Condenser,
electrically operated ≥ 150 Tons
Water Cooled Chiller electronically
operated, positive displacement
≥ 75 and < 150 Tons
≥ 150 and < 300 0.05 76 $21
≥ 300 and < 600 Tons 0.05 72 $20
≥ 600 Tons
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, centrifugal
≥ 150 and < 300 0.05 73 $21
≥ 300 and < 400 0.05 70 $20
≥ 400 and < 600 0.04 68 $19
≥ 600 Tons

High Efficiency Chillers 134

Table 2-124 Baseline Code Requirements, IECC 2015
Equipment Type Size Category Units FL IPLV FL IPLV
Air-Cooled Chiller with Condenser EER
(Btu/W)

≥ 150 Tons 10.1 14.0 9.7 16.1
Air-Cooled Chiller without Condenser, < 150 Tons 10.1 13.7 9.7 15.8
≥ 150 Tons 10.1 14.0 9.7 16.1
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, positive displacement
< 75 Tons
kW/ton

≥ 75 and < 150 Tons 0.72 0.56 0.75 0.49
≥ 150 and < 300 Tons 0.66 0.54 0.68 0.44
≥ 300 and < 600 Tons 0.61 0.52 0.625 0.41
≥ 600 Tons 0.56 0.5 0.585 0.38
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, centrifugal
< 150 Tons
kW/ton
0.61 0.55 0.695 0.44
≥ 150 and < 300 Tons 0.61 0.55 0.635 0.4
≥ 300 and < 400 Tons 0.56 0.52 0.595 0.39
≥ 400 and < 600 Tons 0.56 0.5 0.585 0.38
≥ 600 Tons 0.56 0.5 0.585 0.38

High Efficiency Chillers 135

Table 2-125 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type118
Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989
Warehouse - Refrigerated 5096 79 5049 71

118 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Chillers 136

Table 2-126 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.10
Education - Secondary School 0.10
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

High Efficiency Chillers 137

Table 2-127 Code Baseline COP and IPLV by Unit Type 119
Equipment Type Size
Air Cooled, with Condenser, Electronically Operated All Capacities 120
2.80 COP
3.05 IPLV
Air Cooled, without Condenser, Electronically Operated All Capacities
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,
Positive Displacement (Reciprocating) All Capacities 4.20 COP 4.20 COP
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Rotary and Scroll)
< 150 tons 4.45 COP 4.45 COP
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons
≥ 300 tons 5.50 COP 5.50 COP
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal
< 150 tons 5.00 COP 5.00 COP
≥ 150 tons and < 300 tons
≥ 300 tons 6.10 COP 6.10 COP
Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired All Capacities 1.00 COP 1.00 COP
Absorption Double Effect, Direct-Fired All Capacities
Air Cooled, with Condenser, Electronically
Operated All Capacities 2.80 COP 2.80 COP
Air Cooled, without Condenser,
Electronically Operated All Capacities 3.10 COP 3.10 COP

119 These values are from Tables 6.8.1 in ASHRAE 90.1 for the unit type method. Note that values for both 2004 and 2007 versions
of Standard 90.1 are included. The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers in low-temperature applications where the
design leaving fluid temperature is < 40oF. COP refers to the full load efficiency and IPLV refers to the part time load efficiency.
120 Note that all IPLV values are in units of COP which need to be converted to kW/Ton using the following formula: kW/Ton =
12/(COP*3.412)

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 138

2.15. Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect)
Evaporative coolers provide an effective space cooling alternative to direct expansion units in dry
climates such as found in Idaho. Evaporative coolers can be designed in direct and indirect
configurations.
A direct evaporative cooler represents the simplest and most efficient approach by pulling air
directly through a wetted media to cool the air before dispersing it into the space. A direct
evaporative cooler will also humidify the incoming air which, depending on the ambient conditions,
can lead to high indoor humidity levels.
Indirect evaporative coolers employ heat exchangers to cool dry outside air on one side with
evaporatively cooled moist air on the other. The two air streams are kept separate and the moist
air exhausted outside while the dry cool air is supplied indoors. These systems are more complex
and often much larger than direct systems because they require more space for large heat
exchangers. However; indirect coolers do not increase the indoor humidity levels.121
Table 2-128 through Table 2-130 summarize the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-128 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (All)122
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 392 kWh 279 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.28 kW 0.20 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,654 -
Average Incremental Cost - $840
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

121 Except by the normal relationship between temperature and relative humidity.
122 Note that these figures assume a weighted average between direct and indirect evaporative coolers in both weather zones. See
spreadsheet “16-TypicalCalcs_EvapDirectIndirect.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 139

Table 2-129 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Direct)123
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 443 kWh 315 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.32 kW 0.23 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,178 -
Average Incremental Cost - $364
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-130 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Indirect)124
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 316 kWh 225 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.23 kW 0.16 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $2,367 -
Average Incremental Cost - $1,553
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.15.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes any direct or indirect evaporative cooler systems used to supplant
direct expansion (DX) system of equivalent size (or greater). Evaporatively pre-cooled DX
systems do not qualify under this measure.
2.15.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
Baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the pre-existing DX system.

123 Ibid. Note that these values are for Direct Evaporative units only.
124 Ibid. Note that these values are for Indirect Evaporative units only.

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 140

New Construction (Includes Major Remodel)
Baseline equipment for New Construction projects is a new DX system meeting federal or local
building energy code (whichever is applicable) minimum efficiency requirements. Recently Idaho
adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction.
2.15.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = kW/Unit * Cap
2.15.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings between baseline and installed equipment.
Cap Nominal capacity (in Tons) of the air-cooled equipment
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-131 and Table 2-132.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-131 and Table 2-132.
2.15.5. Sources
 California Energy Commission. Advanced Evaporative Cooling White Paper. 2004
 Southwest Energy Efficiency Project & UC Davis Western Cooling Efficiency Center.
SWEEP / WCEC Workshop on Modern Evaporative Cooling Technologies. 2007
 3012-14 Non-DEER Ex Ante measure work papers submitted by Southern California
Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric. http://www.deeresources.com/
 IECC 2009
 IECC 2012
 IECC 2015
2.15.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 141

Table 2-131 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 5
Retrofit New Construction New Construction New Construction (IECC 2015)
Measure kWh / kW / kWh / kW / Unit kWh / kW / kWh / kW /
Evaporative 456 kWh 0.32 kW 410 kWh 0.29 kW 397 kWh 0.28 kW 377 kWh 0.27 kW
Evaporative 326 kWh 0.23 kW 293 kWh 0.21 kW 284 kWh 0.20 kW 270 kWh 0.19 kW

Table 2-132 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 6
Retrofit New Construction New Construction New Construction
Measure
Direct Evaporative 391 kWh 0.32 kW 352 kWh 0.29 kW 341 kWh 0.28 kW 323 kWh 0.27 kW
Indirect Evaporative 279 kWh 0..23 kW 251 kWh 0.21 kW 243 kWh 0.20 kW 231 kWh 0.19 kW

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 142

2.16. Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers)
Evaporative pre-coolers, when added to an air-cooled condenser coil, can improve both
equipment capacity and energy efficiency. The algorithms and assumptions for this measure are
applicable to retrofits in which a separate evaporative cooling system is added onto an air-cooled
condenser. Such systems include saturated media, water nozzles (and associated water piping),
and a rigid frame. The additional equipment is used to evaporatively pre-cool ambient air before
it reaches the air-cooled condenser. This not a replacement of an air-cooled condenser with an
evaporative condenser. Typical applications include refrigeration systems and air-cooled chillers.
The tables below summarize the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-133 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Chillers)125
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 62 kWh 62 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .05 kW .05 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 173 $ 173
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-134 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Refrigeration
Systems)126
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 108 kWh 108 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .09 kW .09 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 173 $ 173
Average Incremental Cost Refrigeration Refrigeration

2.16.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes retrofits in which equipment is added to an existing air-cooled
condenser using R410A refrigerant to evaporatively cool the ambient air temperature before
125 See spreadsheet “17-TypicalCalcs_EvapPreCool.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
126 See spreadsheet “17-TypicalCalcs_EvapPreCool.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 143

reaching the condenser coils. Self-contained evaporative condensing coils are not eligible as part
of this measure. Eligible systems must be purchased and installed by a qualified contractor.
2.16.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing air-cooled condenser coil in a properly
working and maintained condition and utilizing R410A as the refrigerant type.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is defined to be a properly working and
maintained air-cooled condenser coil with all required fan and head pressure controls as defined
by the local energy codes and standards.
2.16.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = kW/Unit * Cap
2.16.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings between baseline and installed equipment.
Cap Nominal capacity (in Tons) of the air-cooled equipment
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-133 and Table 2-134.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-133 and Table 2-134.
2.16.5. Sources
 Bisbee, Dave & Mort, Dan. Evaporative Precooling System: Customer Advanced
Technologies Program Report Technology Evaluation Report. 2010127
 Shen, Bo et al. 2010. Direct Evaporative Precooling Model and Analysis. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory. ORNL/TM-2010/231128

127 https://www.smud.org/en/business/save-energy/energy-management-solutions/documents/evapercool-tech-aug10.pdf
128 http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/2010/3445605702460.pdf

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 144

 One other internal monitoring study was referenced when deriving savings values for this
measure; however, has not been made public.
2.16.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 145

2.17. Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
on HVAC fans and pumps installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which
represent either equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-135 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past
program participants.
Table 2-135 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Chilled Water Pumps,
Condensing Water Pumps, and Cooling Tower Fans
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 286 kWh 268 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 194.28 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 165.33
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

Table 2-136 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Fans & Hot Water
Pumps
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,065 kWh 996 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 174.82 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 142.05
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.17.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Only VFDs installed on variably loaded motors, from 5 to 300 horsepower, in HVAC applications
are eligible under this measure. Note that systems of motors which are individually less than 5
horsepower are eligible provided that: 1) they are controlled by a common VFD, and 2) the
aggregate horsepower of motors controlled by a single VFD is greater than 5 HP. New
construction projects must meet or exceeds current federal minimum requirements and must not
be required by the applicable building codes. Retrofit projects must remove or permanently
disable any pre-existing throttling or flow control device(s), and cannot replace a pre-existing VFD.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 146

2.17.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment with a variable frequency drive, then the
baseline control strategy is defined by the pre-existing control strategy.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For facilities that are installing VFDs during a new construction project the minimum HVAC
fan/pump controls strategy is dictated by the prevailing building energy code or standard
according to which the project was permitted. Current applicable control standards are defined by
IECC 2009, IECC 2012 and IECC 2015.
Code Compliance Considerations for HVAC VFDs
The International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) specifies that fan motors used in VAV
systems must have variable speed controls if equal to or greater than a specified horsepower. As
such, fan motors in VAV systems are only eligible under this measure if they are less than 10 HP
when permitted to IECC 2009 and less than 7.5 HP when permitted to IECC 2012 of IECC 2015.
2.17.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = .746 * HP * LF / ηmotor *HRS * ESF
ΔkW = 0
2.17.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Peak demand savings are defined to be zero for this measure.
HP Manufacturer name plate rated horsepower of the motor.
LF Load Factor. Ratio between the actual load and the rated load. Motor efficiency curves
typically result in motors being most efficient at approximately 75% of the rated load.
The default value is 0.75.
ηmotor Manufacturer name plate efficiency of the motor at full load.
HRS Annual operating hours of VFD. Values for various building types and end uses are
stipulated in Table 2-137.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 147

ESF VFD. The appropriate ESF can be found in
Table 2-138.
2.17.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
 California DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
2.17.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-137 Stipulated Hours of Use for Commercial HVAC Motors
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly
Education – Primary School
Education – Secondary School
Education – Community College
Education – University

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 148

Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Grocery
Health/Medical – Hospital
Health/Medical – Nursing Home
Lodging – Hotel
Lodging – Motel
Manufacturing – Light Industrial
Office – Large
Office – Small

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 149

Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Restaurant – Fast Food
Retail – 3 Story
Retail – Single Story
Retail – Small
Storage – Conditioned

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 150

Table 2-138 Stipulated Energy Savings Factors (ESF) for Commercial HVAC VFD Installations
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly
Education – Primary School
Education – Secondary School
Education – Community College
Education – University
Grocery
Health/Medical – Hospital
Health/Medical – Nursing Home

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 151

Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Lodging – Hotel
Lodging – Motel
Manufacturing – Light Industrial
Office – Large
Office – Small
Restaurant – Sit Down
Restaurant – Fast Food
Retail – 3 Story
Retail – Single Story

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 152

Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Retail – Small
Storage – Conditioned

Water-Side Economizers 153

2.18. Water-Side Economizers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to water-side economizer units installed
in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either equipment retrofit
or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-139 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per combined chillers tonnage) unit energy
impacts for this measure. Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described
below and data from past program participants.
Table 2-139 Typical Savings Estimates for Water-Side Economizers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton (Chillers) Ton (Chillers)
Average Unit Energy Savings 184 kWh 154 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 462.69 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 462.69
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC
2.18.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligibility is determined by the installed cooling system. A water cooled chilled water plant must
be present and a separate cooling tower installed dedicated to providing free cooling to the chilled
water loop.
2.18.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction. For both cases the assumed
baseline is a water cooled chilled water plant with no water-side free cooling capabilities.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is adding water-side economizing capabilities to a pre-existing chilled water system,
then it is considered a retrofit except when the project involves an expansion of capacity of the
chilled water plant.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Water-side economizer additions on new chilled water plants and on pre-existing plants
undergoing expansion are considered new construction for the purposes of this measure.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Part
of IECC 2015 code compliance is that chilled-water systems greater than 1,320,000 Btu/h and
district chilled-water systems greater than 1,720,000 Btu/h require either air or water side
economizer control. Projects that exceed the stated size without an air-side economizer are not
eligible for this measure. Exceptions are listed in Appendix B section 4.2.

Water-Side Economizers 154

2.18.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = Capsupplanted * ΔkWh/Ton
2.18.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Ton Per unit energy savings as stipulated by weather zone.
Capsupplanted The combined rated capacities of all the chillers supplanted by the water-side
economizer.
2.18.5. Sources
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5002E129
 IECC 2015
2.18.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-140 Water Side Economizer Savings130
Building Type Zone 5 (ΔkWh/Ton) Zone 6 (ΔkWh/Ton)
Community College 57.8 69.7
University 137.8 153.5
Hospital 341.8 323.0
Large Office 76.2 84.4
3-Story Retail 93.9 96.2
Average 141.5 145.3

129 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific kWh savings for various buildings.
130 See “19-TypicalCalcs_WaterEcono.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 155

2.19. Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of a new reach-in
commercial refrigerator, or freezer meeting ENERGY STAR 4.0 efficiency standards. ENERGY
STAR labeled commercial refrigerators and freezers are more energy efficient because they are
designed with components such as ECM evaporator and condenser fan motors, hot gas anti-
sweat heaters, and/or high-efficiency compressors, which will significantly reduce energy
consumption.
Table 2-141 and Table 2-142 summarize ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this
measure can be found. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values
described below.131 Note, there is not a difference between new construction and retrofit because
the retrofit baseline is at least as efficient as that required by federal equipment standards.
Table 2-141 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (< 30 ft3)132
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Refrigerator Refrigerator
Average Unit Energy Savings 232 kWh 232 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 25 W 25 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $3,765 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,200
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-142 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (30 to 50 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Refrigerator Refrigerator
Average Unit Energy Savings 461 kWh 461 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 49 W 49 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $3,765 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,200
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

131 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzrIce_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings, EUL, and incremental costs.
132 These numbers do not include chest refrigerators. Inclusion of chest refrigerators would increase the ‘typical’ savings estimates.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 156

Table 2-143 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (< 30 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Freezer Freezer
Average Unit Energy Savings 493 kWh 493 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 53 W 53 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $4,913 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,554
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-144 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (30 to 50 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Freezer Freezer
Average Unit Energy Savings 837 kWh 837 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 90 W 90 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $4,913 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,554
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.19.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new commercial vertical solid, glass door refrigerator or freezer, or
vertical chest freezer meeting the minimum ENERGY STAR 4.0 efficiency level standards.
2.19.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment used to establish energy savings estimates for this measure is
established by the Regional Technical Forum (RTF). The RTF uses an existing solid or glass door
refrigerator or freezer meeting the minimum federal manufacturing standards effective as of
March 27, 2017. The RTF sources a market potential study for and uses a baseline that is more
efficient than code. Consequently, there is no distinction between baselines for new construction
and retrofit projects
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
See explanation above
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
See explanation above

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 157

2.19.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Nunits
= ΔkWh/Unit * CF / Hours
2.19.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-145 and Table 2-146.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings.
ΔkW/Uniti Unit demand savings for combination i of type, harvest rate, and/or volume.
CF Coincidence Factor = 0.937
Hours Annual operating hours = 8760
NUnits Number of refrigerators or freezers
2.19.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum measure workbooks:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComFreezer_v3.xlsm &
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComRefrigerator_v3.xlsm
 Regional Technical Forum measure workbook:
https://nwcouncil.box.com/v/ComRefrigeratorFreezerv4-2
 Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.19.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 158

Table 2-145 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units less than 15 cu.ft133
Measure Category
Solid Door Refrigerator 231 24.71
Glass Door Refrigerator 166 17.76
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) N/A N/A
Chest Refrigerator (Glass) 43 4.6
Solid Door Freezers 215 23
Glass Door Freezers N/A N/A
Chest Freezer (Solid) 216 23.1
Chest Freezer (Glass) 310 33.16

Table 2-146 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 15 to 30 cu.ft.134
Measure Category
Solid Door Refrigerator 268 28.67
Glass Door Refrigerator 264 28.24
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) 230 24.6
Chest Refrigerator (Glass) N/A N/A
Solid Door Freezers 360 38.51
Glass Door Freezers 626 66.96
Chest Freezer (Solid) 227 24.28
Chest Freezer (Glass) N/A N/A

133 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.
134 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 159

Table 2-147 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 30 to 50 cu.ft.135
Measure Category
Solid Door Refrigerator 255 27.28
Glass Door Refrigerator 572 61.18
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) N/A N/A
Chest Refrigerator (Glass) N/A N/A
Solid Door Freezers 462 49.42
Glass Door Freezers 1212 129.64
Chest Freezer (Solid) N/A N/A
Chest Freezer (Glass) N/A N/A

Table 2-148 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units greater than 50 cu.ft.136
Measure Category
Solid Door Refrigerator 422 45.14
Glass Door Refrigerator 593 63.43
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) N/A N/A
Chest Refrigerator (Glass) N/A N/A
Solid Door Freezers 741 79.26
Glass Door Freezers N/A N/A
Chest Freezer (Solid) N/A N/A
Chest Freezer (Glass) N/A N/A

135 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.
136 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 160

Table 2-149 List of Incremental Cost Data for Refrigerators and Freezers.137
Equipment Type Federal Cost
Vertical Transparent Door Refrigerator $3,216 $4,430 $1,214
Vertical Transparent Door Freezer $4,395 $6,013 $1,617
Vertical Solid Door Refrigerator $1,913 $3,099 $1,186
Vertical Solid Door Freezer $2,322 $3,812 $1,490
Horizontal Transparent Door Refrigerator $964 $1,468 $504
Horizontal Transparent Door Freezer $1,047 $1,718 $670
Horizontal Solid Door Refrigerator $783 $1,186 $404
Horizontal Solid Door Freezer $796 $1,330 $534

137 From RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComFreezer_v3.xlsm

Kitchen: Ice Machines 161

2.20. Kitchen: Ice Machines
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of a new commercial
ice machine meeting ENERGY STAR 2.0 efficiency standards. The ENERGY STAR label is
applied to air-cooled, cube-type ice machines including ice-making head, self-contained, and
remote-condensing units.
Table 2-150 and Table 2-151 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below. 138
Note there is not a difference between new construction and retrofit because the retrofit baseline
is at least as efficient as that required by federal equipment standards.
Table 2-150 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (<200 lbs/day)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 336 kWh 336 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .07 kW .07 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 2,775 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 311
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-151 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (>200 lbs/day)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 1016 kWh 1016 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .21 kW .21 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 4,922 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 491
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.20.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new commercial ice machine meeting the minimum ENERGY STAR
2.0 efficiency level standards.

138 See spreadsheet “21-TypicalCalcs_KitchIceMcn_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental costs.

Kitchen: Ice Machines 162

2.20.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline condition for retrofit and new construction is established by the RTF. The RTF uses
a commercial ice machine meeting federal equipment standards established January 1, 2010.
The RTF sources a market potential study for and uses a baseline that is more efficient than code.
Consequently, there is no distinction between baselines for new construction and retrofit projects
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
See explanation above
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
See explanation above
2.20.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
= [(kWhbase – kWhInstalled) * H * Hours/(24*100) + ΔkWhwastewater ]* NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
= ΔkWh/Uniti,ice * CF / Hours
2.20.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-152.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-152.
kWhbase/Installed Daily energy usage of base (baseline) or installed ice machines.
ΔkWhwastewater Annual savings from reduced water usage.
CF Coincidence Factor = 0.9139
H Harvest Rate (pounds of ice made per day)
139 From SDGE Workpaper: WPSDGENRCC0004 Revision 3

Kitchen: Ice Machines 163

Hours Annual operating hours = 4400140
NUnits Number of refrigerators or freezers
2.20.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum measure
workbooks:http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComIceMaker_v1_1.xlsx
 SDG&E Work Paper: WPSDGENRCC0004, “Commercial Ice Machines” Revision 3
 Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.20.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
140 Value from RTF measure workbook for Commercial Ice Maker Version 1.1

Kitchen: Ice Machines 164

Table 2-152 Unit Energy Savings for Ice Machine141
Measure
Energy Star Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 297 0.061
Energy Star Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,153 0.236
Energy Star Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 184 0.038
Energy Star Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit >200 lbs/day ice 450 0.092
Energy Star Air Cooled Remote Condensing Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 394

Table 2-153 Unit Incremental Cost for Ice Machines142
Harvest Rate (H) New Construction & ROB Retrofit - ER
100-200 lb ice machine $311 $2,775
201-300 lb ice machine $311 $2,775
301-400 lb ice machine $266 $2,673
401-500 lb ice machine $266 $2,673
501-1000 lb ice machine $249 $4,561
1001-1500 lb ice machine $589 $4,688
>1500 lb ice machine $939 $8,130

141 Values given are based on assumed weights for harvest rates. Savings vary significantly between harvest rates.
142 Values from SDGE Workpaper: WPSDGENRCC0004 Revision 3

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 165

2.21. Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of new high and low
temp under counter, single tank door type, single tank conveyor, and multiple tank conveyor
dishwashers installed in a commercial kitchen meeting ENERGY STAR efficiency standards.
ENERGY STAR dishwashers save energy in four categories: reduction in wastewater processing,
building water heating, booster water heating, and idle energy. Building water heating and booster
water heating can be either electric or natural gas.
Table 2-154 and Table 2-155 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
143 Note that there isn’t a difference between new construction and retrofit because code doesn’t
constrain commercial dishwasher efficiencies. The baseline used in the RTF is conservative.
Table 2-154 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Over the Counter Dishwashers (All Electric)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 5,561 kWh 5,561 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.41 kW 0.41 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 3,978 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 3, 978
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-155 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Over the Counter Dishwashers (Gas Heater
with Electric Booster)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,761 kWh 1,761 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.23 kW 0.23 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 3,978 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 3,978
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

143 Savings estimates are only given for a quick cost effectiveness test. The estimates are based on assumed weights for equipment
types. See spreadsheet “22-TypicalCalcs_KitchDshWshr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings, expected useful life, coincidence factor, and incremental costs.

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 166

Table 2-156 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Under the Counter Dishwashers (All
Electric)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,210 kWh 2,210 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.19 kW 0.19 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 232 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 232
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-157 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Under the Counter Dishwashers (Gas
Heater with Electric Booster)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 821 kWh 821 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.10 kW 0.10 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 232 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 232
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.21.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is an ENERGY STAR certified dishwasher meeting the thresholds for idle
energy rate (kW) and water consumption (gallons/rack) limits listed in the tables below. Maximum
idle rates are determined by both machine type and sanitation approach (chemical/low temp
versus high temp). Dishwashers installed with both gas hot water and gas booster water heating
are not eligible. However; dishwashers installed with electric booster water heating are eligible in
buildings using gas hot water heating.
Table 2-158 Idle Rate Requirements for Low Temperature Dishwashers
Type
Post Condition
Idle Energy Rate (kW) Water Consumption (GPR)

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 167

Table 2-159 Idle Rate Requirements for High Temperature Dishwashers
Type
Post Condition
Idle Energy Rate (kW) Water Consumption (GPR)
1.45 0.39

2.21.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline condition is a dishwasher that’s not ENERGY STAR certified and doesn’t meet the
efficiency thresholds for idle energy rate (kW) and water consumption (gallons/rack).
2.21.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW/Unit = (ΔkWh/Unit / HrsIdle) * CF
2.21.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-161and Table 2-162.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-161and Table 2-162.
CF Coincidence Factor144
NUnits Number of dishwashers
HrsIdle Annual Idle Hours. Values for this input are stipulated in Table 2-161 and
Table 2-162.
144 From Illinois TRM

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 168

2.21.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum measure workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComDishwasher_v1_2.xlsm
 Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.21.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-160 Coincidence Factor for Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 118145
Location CF
Fast Food Limited Menu 0.32
Fast Food Expanded Menu 0.41
Pizza 0.46
Full Service Limited Menu 0.51
Full Service Expanded Menu 0.36
Cafeteria 0.36

Table 2-161 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for All Electric Kitchen: Efficient
Dishwashers146
Equipment Type Electric Savings Demand Savings Idle Hours Inc. Cost - Retrofit Inc. Cost - New Construction
Low Temp Under Counter 3,271 0.283 3375 $232.00 $232
Low Temp Door Type 3,684 0.135 1632 $2,659 $2,659
Low Temp Single Tank
Conveyor
3,067 0.281 3600 $5,882 $5,882
Low Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 6,864 0.588 3600 $3,394 $3,394
High Temp Under Counter 1,150 0.103 3375 $232 $232
High Temp Door Type 4,586 0.269 1632 $2,659 $2,659
High Temp Single Tank 7,265 0.540 3600 $5,882 $5,882

145 From Illinois TRM
146 See spreadsheet “22-TypicalCalcs_KitchDshWshr_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings.

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 169

Table 2-162 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for Gas Heater with Electric Booster
Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers
Equipment Type Savings Savings Idle Hours Inc. Cost - Retrofit Inc. Cost - New Construction
Low Temp Under Counter 975 0.116 3375 $2,297 $232
Low Temp Door Type -352 -0.087 1632 $2,297 $2,659
Low Temp Single Tank Conveyor 1,337 0.150 3600 $2,297 $5,882
Low Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 1,862 0.209 3600 $2,297 $3,394
High Temp Under Counter 668 0.080 3375 $2,297 $232
High Temp Door Type 1,684 0.416 1632 $2,297 $2,659
High Temp Single Tank Conveyor 2,275 0.255 3600 $2,297 $5,882
High Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 3,761 0.421 3600 $2,297 $3,394

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 170

2.22. Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases
This protocol estimates savings for installing high efficiency refrigerated cases. Efficient cases
have low- or no-heat glass doors, efficient fan motors, efficient lighting, and efficient evaporators.
Table 2-163 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear foot) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-163 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigerated Cases 147
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear ft. n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings Table 2-164 n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings Table 2-164 n/a
Expected Useful Life 12 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $906.27 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.22.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Efficient cases with doors must have low- or no-heat glass doors, efficient fan motors, efficient
lighting, and evaporators that raise the suction temperature set point by at least 3° F. Efficient
cases without doors must have the same features excluding door requirements. Savings for cases
that don’t satisfy all requirements must be treated under their corresponding measure chapters
(e.g. efficient lighting, evaporator fans, and/or low-no-heat glass).
2.22.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario. For purposes of the energy savings estimates open
cases are assumed to utilize night covers for 6 hours at night.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a standard refrigerated case. A standard case is defined
as any refrigerated case without any of the following equipment:
1) Low- or no-heat door glass (applies only to fixtures with doors)
2) ECM fan motors
3) LED case lighting
4) Evaporator controls which raise the suction temperature set-point by at least 3° F

147 See spreadsheet “23-TypicalCalcs_EffCases.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental cost.

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 171

New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.22.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.22.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit The unit annual energy savings. Stipulated values for this input are listed
by weather zone in Table 2-164.
ΔkW/Unit The unit peak reduction
weather zone in Table 2-164.
NUnits Number of linear feet of refrigerated case
2.22.5. Sources
 DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
 DEER EUL/RUL Values:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
2.22.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 172

Table 2-164 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigerated Cases
Case Type (Std. to Eff.)
Climate Zone 5 Climate Zone 6 Average
Per Unit kWh Per Unit kW Per Unit kWh Per Unit kW Per Unit kWh Per Unit kW
Med-Temp Open to 65.6 0.019 64.8 0.015 65.3 0.017
322.7 0.047 357.8 -0.002 336.7 0.028
Low-Temp w/doors to 38.2 0.003 38.2 0.003 38.2 0.003
772.1 0.034 797.8 0.048 782.4 0.040
Low-Temp Coffin to 85.9 -0.047 120.7 -0.041 99.8 -0.045

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 173

2.23. Refrigeration: ASH Controls
Anti-sweat heater (ASH) controls turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of
condensation. There are two commercially available control strategies that achieve “on-off”
control of door heaters based on either: (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or (2) the
“conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the
system activates door heaters when the relative humidity in a store rises above a specific set-
point and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that set-point. In the second
strategy, the sensor activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain
set-point and turns them off when the conductivity rises above that set-point. Without controls,
anti-sweat heaters run continuously whether they are necessary or not. Savings are realized from
the reduction in energy used by not having the heaters running continuously. In addition,
secondary savings result from reduced cooling load on the refrigeration unit when the heaters are
off.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to ASH controls installed on commercial
glass door coolers and freezers.
Table 2-165 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear ft. of case) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-165 Typical Savings Estimates for ASH Controls148
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit linear ft. of case n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 266 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 30.37 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 47.90149
2.23.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is assumed to be a door heater control on a commercial glass door cooler
or refrigerator utilizing humidity or conductivity control. This does not apply to special doors with
low/no anti-sweat heat.
2.23.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
148 See spreadsheet “24-TypicalCalcs_ASH.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings,
expected useful life, and incremental costs.
149 The cost is based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum Measure Workbook for this measure:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v3.1.xlsm

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 174

Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a commercial glass door cooler or refrigerator with a
standard heated door with no controls installed.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.23.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = [ (WInstalled * Fwaste * 3.413 * 8760 * FSav / ( EER * DF * 1000 )) + (WInstalled
* 8760 * FSav / 1000 ) ] * L
ΔkW = ΔkWh / 8760
2.23.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
WInstalled

Connected load (kW) for typical reach-in refrigerator or freezer door and frame with
a heater.
L Length of the cases in linear feet.
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio for the annual average refrigeration system.
DF Degradation Factor accounts for the refrigeration and
condenser cleanliness and condition, and evaporative or air cooled condenser.
Fwaste Waste Heat Factor. Defined as the percentage of ASH energy use that is converted
into heat in the case and must be removed by the refrigeration system. Stipulated
values for this figure are provided in Table 2-166.
FSav ASH run-
Table 2-166.
2.23.5. Sources
 June 2001 edition of ASHRAE Journal

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 175

 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v1_0.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaterControls_v3.1.xlsm
2.23.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-166 Connected Load for Typical Reach-In Case150
Case Type kWBase EER DF Fwaste FSav ΔW/linear ΔkWh/linear
Low Temperature 55.20 4.10 0.98 35% 50% 35.5 311
Medium Temperature 23.68 10.56 0.98 35% 96% 25.3 221
Average 39.44 7.33 0.98 0.35 73% 30.4 266

150 The values are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum Measure Workbook for this measure.
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v3.1.xlsm

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 176

2.24. Refrigeration: Auto-Closer
Auto-closers on freezers and coolers can reduce the amount of time that doors are open, thereby
reducing infiltration and refrigeration loads.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to auto-closers installed on reach-in and
walk-in coolers and freezers.
Table 2-167 through Table 2-170 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per door) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
151
Table 2-167 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Low-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,509 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.27 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 157 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-168 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Med-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 562kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.14 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 157 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

151 See spreadsheet “25-TypicalCalcs_AutoCloser_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 177

Table 2-169 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Low-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 326 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.04 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 122 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-170 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Med-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 243 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.04 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 122 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.24.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is an auto-closer that must be able to firmly close the door when it is within
one inch of full closure.
2.24.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is doors not previously equipped with functioning auto-closers and
assumes the walk-in doors have strip curtains.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.24.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 178

ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.24.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit
provided in Table 2-171 based on case type and temperature.
ΔkW/Unit
provided in Table 2-171 based on case type and temperature.
NUnits Number of doors onto which this measure is installed.
2.24.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryAutoCloser_v1_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
 Workpaper PGECOREF110.1 – Auto-Closers for Main Cooler or Freezer Doors
 DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.24.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-171 Unit Energy and Demand Savings Estimates
Case Temperature ΔkWh/Unit ΔkW/Unit
Low Temperature (Reach-in) 326 0.04
Medium Temperature (Reach-in) 243 0.04
Low Temperature (Walk-in) 2,509 0.27
Medium Temperature (Walk-in) 562 0.14

Refrigeration: Condensers 179

2.25. Refrigeration: Condensers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to efficient air and evaporative cooled
refrigeration condensers. Condensers can be oversized to take maximum advantage of low
ambient dry-bulb (for air-cooled) or wet-bulb (for evaporative cooled) temperatures.
Table 2-172 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-172 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 120 kWh 114 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.118 kW 0.112 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 695.56152 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a 153
2.25.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Efficient condenser retrofits must have floating head pressure controls, staged or VSD controlled
fans, must operate with subcooling of 5°F or more at design conditions and have a TD of 8°F of
less for low-temp systems, 13°F or less for med-temp systems and 18°F or less for evaporative
condensers.
2.25.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing condenser coil in a properly working
and maintained condition.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is defined to be a properly working and
maintained condenser coil with all required fan and head pressure controls as defined by the local
energy codes and standards.

152 From DEER 2005 Database
153 From Ameren TRM

Refrigeration: Condensers 180

2.25.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Nunits
2.25.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-173.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-173.
Nunits Number of condensers installed on individual systems

2.25.5. Sources
 Ameren Missouri Technical Resource Manual Version 2.0
 DEER 2005 database
2.25.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-173 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser154
Measure kWh/Ton kW/Ton
Energy Efficient Condenser - Retrofit 120 0.118
Energy Efficient Condenser – New Construction 114 0.112

154 From Ameren Missouri Technical Resource Manual

Refrigeration: Controls 181

2.26. Refrigeration: Controls
Floating-head pressure controls take advantage of low outside air temperatures to reduce the
amount of work for the compressor by allowing the head pressure to drop and rise along with
outdoor conditions. Dropping the head pressure during low outdoor ambient temperature
conditions (less than 70 degrees F) reduces compressor energy consumption and overall runtime.
Floating suction pressure requires controls to reset refrigeration system target suction
temperature based on refrigerated display case or walk-in temperature, rather than operating at
a fixed suction temperature set-point. This also reduces compressor energy consumption and
overall runtime.
Table 2-174 through Table 2-176 the ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.

Table 2-174 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Suction Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 104 kWh 77 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 19 W 10 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $86.91 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $53.75
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-175 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 440 kWh 225 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 17 W 11 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $272.60 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $166.60
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Refrigeration: Controls 182

Table 2-176 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head and Suction Pressure Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 544 kWh 302 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 36 W 21 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $359.51 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $220.35
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.26.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Refrigeration systems having compressors with motors rated 1 horsepower or larger are eligible.
A head pressure control valve (flood-back control valve) must be installed to lower minimum
condensing head pressure from fixed position (180 psig for R-22; 210 psig for R-404a) to a
saturated pressure equivalent to 70 degrees F or less. Either a balanced-port or electronic
expansion valve that is sized to meet the load requirement at a 70 degree condensing temperature
must be installed. Alternatively, a device may be installed to supplement refrigeration feed to each
evaporator attached to condenser that is reducing head pressure.
2.26.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing refrigeration system without floating
head and/or suction pressure controls.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for New Construction projects is a refrigeration system meeting current
federal energy efficiency requirements and without floating head and/or suction pressure controls.
Recently Idaho adopted IECC 2015 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. IECC
2015 standards now requires that compressors include a floating suction pressure control logic
and therefore are not eligible for that part of this measure savings.
2.26.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Cap

Refrigeration: Controls 183

2.26.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-177 and Table 2-178
according to building type, building vintage, and baseline refrigeration
system type.
ΔW/Unit Per unit demand savings (in Watts) as stipulated in Table 2-177 and
Table 2-178 according to building type, building vintage, and baseline
refrigeration system type.
Cap The capacity (in Tons) of the refrigeration system(s) onto which controls
are being installed.
2.26.5. Sources
 DEER Database for Energy-Efficient Resources. Version 2011 4.01
 DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
 Regional Technical Forum UES workbook for Floating Head Pressure Controls:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryFHPCSingleCompressor_v1_1.xls
2.26.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Controls 184

Table 2-177 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for Retrofit Projects
Measure Description ΔkWh/HP ΔW/HP
Grocery, Floating Suction Pressure 104 17.27
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (air-cooled) 325 -0.81
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 466 4.59
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (air-cooled) 345 9.05
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 484 26.89
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (air-cooled) 520 21.90
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 515 30.85
Ref Warehse, Floating Suction Pressure 115 57.89
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 351 45.10
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 351 45.10
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-467 45.10

Table 2-178 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for New Construction Projects
Measure Description ΔkWh/HP ΔW/HP
Grocery, Floating Suction Pressure 78 9.62
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (air-cooled) 120 0.00
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 184 -23.55
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (air-cooled) 169 16.24
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 190 0.62
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (air-cooled) 411 63.16
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 226 4.96
Ref Warehse, Floating Suction Pressure 70 12.31
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 352 28.06
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 352 28.06
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 438 28.06

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 185

2.27. Refrigeration: Door Gasket
Tight fitting gaskets inhibit infiltration of warm, moist air into the cold refrigerated space, thereby
reducing the cooling load. Aside from the direct reduction in cooling load, the associated decrease
in moisture entering the refrigerated space also helps prevent frost on the cooling coils. Frost
build-up adversely impacts the coil’s, heat transfer effectiveness, reduces air passage (lowering
heat transfer efficiency), and increases energy use during the defrost cycle. Therefore, replacing
defective door gaskets reduces compressor run time and improves the overall effectiveness of
heat removal from a refrigerated cabinet.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to door gaskets installed on reach-in
and walk-in coolers and freezers.
Table 2-179 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear ft. of gasket) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-179 Typical Savings Estimates for Door Gaskets
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit linear ft. of gasket n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 16 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.86 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 4 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $6.00 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.27.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new door gasket and must replace a worn or damaged gasket on the
main insulated solid door of a walk-in cooler. Replacement gaskets must meet the manufacturer’s
specifications regarding dimensions, materials, attachment method, style, compression, and
magnetism.
2.27.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is a door gasket that has a tear that is at least large enough for a hand
to pass through (6 inches).
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 186

2.27.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWhlf * L
ΔW = ΔWlf * L
2.27.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔW Expected demand reduction (in Watts) between baseline and installed
equipment.
ΔkWhlf Deemed kWh savings per linear foot stipulated in Table 2-180.
ΔWlf Deemed kW savings per linear foot stipulated in Table 2-180.
L Length of gasket replaced in feet.
2.27.5. Sources
 CPUC Reports of Strip Curtains and Gaskets
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/grocery/CPUC%20Strip&Gasket%202010.zip
 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDoorGasketReplacement_v1_5.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm
 DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.27.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 187

Table 2-180 Unit Energy Savings for Door Gaskets155
Case Type ΔkWhlf ΔWlf
Reach-In (Low-Temp) 16.2 1.85
Reach-In (Med-Temp) 16.5 1.89
Walk-In (Low-Temp) 20.4 2.33
Walk-In (Med-Temp) 12.0 1.37

155 Values obtained from RTF ComGroceryDoorGasketReplacement_v1_5.xlsm

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 188
2.28. Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans
Existing standard efficiency evaporator fan motors in reach-in and walk-in freezers and coolers
can be retrofitted with high-efficiency motors and/or controllers. These measures save energy by
reducing fan usage, refrigeration load (due to heat from motors), and compressor energy (from
electronic temperature control). The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to
reach-in and walk-in evaporator fans.
Table 2-181 through Table 2-183 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per motor) energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described on
the next page. 156
Table 2-181 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in and Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 696 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 72 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 161.74 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-182 Typical Savings Estimates for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Motors
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,075 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 110 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 296.78 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

156 See spreadsheet “29-TypicalCalcs_EvapFans_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations.

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 189

Table 2-183 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in Evaporator Fan Motors
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 429 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 44 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 84.45 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.28.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment for high-efficiency evaporator fan motors is Electronically Commutated
Motors (ECM) or Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) motors. PSC motors can only replace shaded
pole (SP) motors, and ECMs can replace either SP or PSC motors. Eligible fan motor controls
can either be 2 speed (hi/low) or cycle the fans (on/off). Controls must cut fan motor power by at
least 75 percent during the compressor “off” cycle.
2.28.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for high-efficiency evaporator fan motors is SP or PSC evaporator fan
motors in reach-in and walk-in freezers and coolers. SP motors can be retrofitted with either ECMs
or PSCs. Existing PSC motors can only be retrofitted with ECMs. The baseline for controls is a
fan that operated continuously and at full speed prior.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.28.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = NUnits *[ (kWhFan) + (kWhFan * 3.413) / EER]
ΔkW = NUnits * kWhFan * CF / Hours
kWhFan, motor = (kWmotor, base – kWmotor, Installed) * Hours

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 190

kWhFan, control = (kWhcontrol, base – kWhcontrol, Installed)
kWmotor, base = Wattsbase / (ηbase *1000)
kWmotor, Installed = WattsInstalled / (ηInstalled *1000)
kWhcontrol, base = Wattsbase * Hours / (ηbase *1000)
kWhcontrol, Installed = kWhfullspeed + kWhlowspeed
kWhfullspeed = kWhcontrol, base * Run Time %
kWhlowspeed = % Speed2.5 * kWhcontro, base * Run Time %
2.28.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
NUnits Number of fans
Hours Annual operating hours
CF Coincidence Factor
kWmotor, i Connected load of the base and installed motors
Wattsbase/Installed Baseline motor output wattage - If unknown, see Table 2-185 and Table 2-188.
ηbase/Installed Efficiency of baseline (base) or installed motor(s) - If unknown, see Table 2-185
and Table 2-188.
kWhcontrol, i Fan annual energy usage before (base) and after (Installed) controls
kWhFan Fan motor annual energy usage
kWhfullspeed Fan annual energy usage at full speed
kWhlowspeed Fan annual energy usage at low speed
Run Time % Run Time % - Percent of time that fan is at corresponding speed see Table 2-190.
% Speed Ratio of low speed to full speed in a percent = 35% see Table 2-190.

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 191

2.28.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinEvapFanECMController_v1_1.
xls
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm
 EnergySmart Grocer Invoice Data
 AHRI Standard 1200 – 2006
 Federal Rulemaking for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Technical Support
Document. 2009
 Pennsylvania TRM
2.28.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-184 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Reach-ins
Motor
Output157
SP Input ECM Input PSC Input ECM
Efficiency158
PSC Efficiency158 SP Efficiency158
9 45 14 31 66% 29% 20%
19.5 97.5 29.5 67.2 66% 29% 20%
37 185 56 128 66% 29% 20%

157 From RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
158 Values from AHRI Standard 1200 - 2006

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 192

Table 2-185 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Reach-ins159
Retrofit Type Base Power (Watts)
Power Annual Hours EER Savings
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 9 Watt Output 45 14 8,760 9 379
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 19.5 Watt Output 98 30 8,760 9 821
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt 185 56 8,760 9 1,558
98 30 8,030 5 918
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt Output 185 56 8,030 5 1,742
98 67 8,760 9 366
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt Output 185 128 8,760 9 694
98 67 8,030 5 409
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt Output 185 128 8,030 5 776
128 56 8,760 9 864
Low Temp PSC to ECM in display case - 19.5 67 30 8,030 5 509
128 56 8,030 5 966

159 kWh algorithms from RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 193

Table 2-186 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Reach-
ins
Retrofit Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP to ECM 477 0.049 $84.45
SP to PSC 212 0.022 $84.45
PSC to ECM 265 0.027 $84.45

Table 2-187 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Walk-ins160
Motor Output Input Input Input ECM Efficiency
PSC
Efficiency161 SP Efficiency
16-23 75 30 48 66% 41% 26%
37 142 56 90 66% 41% 26%
49.7 191 75 121 66% 41% 26%

160 All values except PSC Efficiency are from RTF Workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinEvapFanECMController_v1_1.xls
161 PSC Efficiency from Pennsylvania TRM

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 194

Table 2-188 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-ins162
Retrofit Type Base Power (Watts)
Power Annual Hours EER
Savings
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 16-23 Watt Output 75 30 8,760 11.16 520
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt 142 56 8,760 11.16 987
191 75 8,760 11.16 1325
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 16-23 Watt 75 30 8,760 5.12 664
142 56 8,760 5.12 1259
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 49.7 Watt 191 75 8,760 5.12 1691
75 48 8,760 11.16 314
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt 142 90 8,760 11.16 596
191 121 8,760 11.16 800
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 16-23 Watt 75 48 8,760 5.12 401
142 90 8,760 5.12 760
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 49.7 Watt 191 121 8,760 5.12 1021
90 56 8,760 11.16 391
Med Temp PSC to ECM - 49.7 Watt Output 121 75 8,760 11.16 525

162 kWh algorithms are based on RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 195

Table 2-189 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-ins
Retrofit Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP to ECM 1195 0.123 $304.58
SP to PSC 720 0.074 $226.53
PSC to ECM 473 0.049 $304.58

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 196
Table 2-190 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls
Baseline Fan Energy Savings Full Speed Low Speed
Walk-in Motor
Type Power EER Power Annual
Hours Energy Time Energy Time %
Speed Energy Direct
(kWh)
Refrig.
(kWh)
Total
(kWh)
Med SP 11.16 142 8,760 1247 52% 648 48% 35% 43 555 170 725
Med SP 49.7 (1/15 11.16 191 8,760 1675 52% 871 48% 35% 58 746 228 974
Low SP 37 (1/20 5.12 142 8,760 1247 68% 848 32% 35% 29 370 247 617
Low SP (1/15 5.12 191 8,760 1675 68% 1139 32% 35% 39 497 331 828
Med PSC 11.16 90 8,760 791 52% 411 48% 35% 28 352 108 460
Med PSC 49.7 (1/15 11.16 121 8,760 1062 52% 552 48% 35% 37 473 145 617
Low PSC 37 (1/20 5.12 90 8,760 791 68% 538 32% 35% 18 235 156 391
Low PSC (1/15 5.12 121 8,760 1062 68% 722 32% 35% 25 315 210 525
Med ECM 11.16 56 8,760 491 52% 255 48% 35% 17 219 67 286

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 197
Baseline Fan Energy Savings Full Speed Low Speed
Med ECM (1/15 11.16 75 8,760 660 52% 343 48% 35% 23 294 90 384
Low ECM 5.12 56 8,760 491 68% 334 32% 35% 11 146 97 243
Low ECM
49.7 (1/15 5.12 75 8,760 660 68% 449 32% 35% 15 196 131 326

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 198

Table 2-191 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-in
Evaporator Fan Controls
Motor Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP 771 0.079 $161.74
PSC 489 0.050 $161.74
ECM 304 0.031 $161.74

Refrigeration: Insulation 199

2.29. Refrigeration: Insulation
This measure applies to installation of insulation on existing bare suction lines (the larger diameter
lines that run from the evaporator to the compressor) that are located outside of the refrigerated
space. Insulation impedes heat transfer from the ambient air to the suction lines, thereby reducing
undesirable system superheat. This decreases the load on the compressor, resulting in
decreased compressor operating hours, and energy savings. Table 2-192 and Table 2-193
summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per foot) energy impacts for this measure. Typical values are
based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-192 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Medium-Temperature
Coolers163
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear Foot n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 7.5 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.6 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 6.7 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 7.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-193 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Low-Temperature
Freezers164
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear Foot n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 12 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 2.3 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 6.7 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 7.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.29.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Insulation must insulate bare refrigeration suction lines of 2-1/4 inches in diameter or less on
existing equipment only. Medium temperature lines require 3/4 inch of flexible, closed-cell, nitrite
rubber or an equivalent insulation. Low temperature lines require 1-inch of insulation that is in
compliance with the specifications above. Insulation exposed to the outdoors must be protected
from the weather (i.e. jacketed with a medium-gauge aluminum jacket).

163 From SCE Work Paper: SCE17RN003
164 From SCE Work Paper: SCE17RN003

Refrigeration: Insulation 200

2.29.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is an un-insulated (bare) refrigeration suction line.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible since installation of insulation on refrigerant suction line is
standard practice.
2.29.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Length * L
ΔkW = ΔkW/Length * L
2.29.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Length Energy savings per unit of length. Stipulated values for this input are listed
in Table 2-194.
ΔkW/Length Energy savings per unit of length. Stipulated values for this input are listed
in Table 2-194.
L Length of insulation installed.
2.29.5. Sources
 Southern California Edison Company, "Insulation of Bare Refrigeration Suction Lines",
Work Paper SCE17RN003 Revision 0
 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm
2.29.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Insulation 201

Table 2-194 Unit Energy Savings for Suction Line Insulation165
Case Type ΔkW/ft ΔkWh/ft
Medium-Temperature Coolers 0.001548 7.5
Low-Temperature Freezers 0.00233 12

165 See spreadsheet “30-TypicalCalcs_RefIns_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs. Unit energy savings are referenced from the DEER for California climate zone 16 (which exhibits the
most similar weather to Idaho). Note that these savings do not exhibit significant sensitivity to outdoor weather.

Refrigeration: Night Covers 202

2.30. Refrigeration: Night Covers
Night covers are deployed during facility unoccupied hours to reduce refrigeration energy
consumption. These types of display cases are typically found in all size grocery stores. The
inside display case air temperature for low-temperature is below 0°F, for medium-temperature
between 0°F to 30°F and for high-temperature between 35°F to 55°F. The main benefit of using
night covers on open display cases is a reduction of infiltration and radiation cooling loads. It is
recommended that these covers have small, perforated holes to decrease moisture buildup. The
following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to night covers installed on existing open-
type refrigerated display cases.
Table 2-195 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ft. of the opening width) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-195 Typical Savings Estimates for Night Covers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft. of case n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 29 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.0 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 5 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 42.20 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.30.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is assumed to be a refrigerated case with a continuous cover deployed
during overnight periods. Characterization assumes covers are deployed for six hours daily.
2.30.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is assumed to be an open refrigerated case with no continuous covering
deployed during overnight periods.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.30.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:

Refrigeration: Night Covers 203

ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * L
ΔkW = 0
2.30.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Defined to be zero for this measure. Demand savings are zero because
it is assumed that the covers aren’t used during the peak period.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-196 according to case
temperature and climate zone.
2.30.5. Sources
 SCE Workpaper: “Night Covers for Open Vertical and Horizontal LT and Open Vertical MT
Display Cases,” SCE13RN005.0
 RTF Workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
 DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.30.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-196 Unit Energy Savings for Refrigeration: Night Covers
CZ Case Type
5 Low Temperature 66.67
5 Medium Temperature 28.99
6 Low Temperature 75
6 Medium Temperature 30.43

Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass 204

2.31. Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass
New low/no heat door designs incorporate heat reflective coatings on the glass, gas inserted
between the panes, non-metallic spacers to separate the glass panes, and/or non-metallic frames
(such as fiberglass). This protocol documents the energy savings attributed to the installation of
special glass doors with low/no anti-sweat heaters for low temp cases. Table summarizes the
‘typical’ expected (per door) energy impacts for this measure. Typical values are based on the
algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-197 Typical Savings Estimates for Low/No Heat Doors166
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door Door
Average Unit Energy Savings 779 kWh 675 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.16 kW 0.14 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $472 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $386
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.31.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a no-heat/low-heat clear glass on an upright display case. It is limited
to door heights of 57 inches or more. Doors must have either heat reflective treated glass, be gas
filled, or both. This measure applies to low temperature cases only—those with a case
temperature below 0°F. Doors must have 3 or more panes. Total door rail, glass, and frame heater
wattage cannot exceed 54 Watts per door for low temperature display cases.
2.31.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a commercial glass door that consists of two-pane glass,
aluminum doorframes and door rails, and door and frame heaters. For the purposes of calculating
typical energy savings for this measure it is assumed that the baseline door and frame heaters
consume 214 Watts per door.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline for new construction projects is established by the typically commercial glass door
employed. For the purposes of calculating typical energy savings for this measure it is assumed
that the baseline door and frame heaters consume 193 Watts per door.

166 See spreadsheet “32-TypicalCalcs_NoHeatGlass_v3.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental cost.

Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass 205

2.31.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.31.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings. Stipulated values for this input can be found in
Table 2-198.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit peak reduction. Stipulated values for this input can be found in
Table 2-198.
NUnits Total number of doors installed.
2.31.5. Sources
 Southern California Edison. Low ASH Display Doors Work Paper: SCE13RN018.0
 Pacific Gas & Electric Company. Low ASH Display Doors Work Paper: PGECOREF123
Revision 3
 Southern California Edison Company, "Insulation of Bare Refrigeration Suction Lines",
Work Paper SCE17RN003 Revision 0
 DEER EUL/RUL Values:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
2.31.6. Stipulated Valies
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-198 Stipulated Energy and Demand Savings Estimates for “No-Heat Glass”
Usage Usage Savings Savings
Retrofit 214 54 .16 779
New Construction 193 54 .14 675

PC Management Software 206

2.32. PC Management Software
This measure relates to the installation of a centralized energy management system that controls
when desktop computers and monitors plugged into a network power down to lower power mode
states. Savings come from an increase in the rate of time spent in the "Off" state due to the ability
of the network application to shut the computer down when not in prolonged use. The shift in
hours from idle state to off state is based on empirical studies of power management installations.
Savings vary by building type according to HVAC interaction factor.
Table 2-199 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine controlled) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-199 Typical Savings Estimates for PC Power Management Software
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 148 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 6 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 4 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $12 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.32.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a network of standard desktop computers and monitors, with no
centralized power management software. Eligible software must allow IT administrators to control
desktop power consumption within the network from a central location and include a reporting
feature to enable monitoring and validation of the energy savings. Reports must also provide a
catalog of systems (and their locations) under management.
2.32.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is a network of standard desktop computers and monitors, with no
centralized power management software. Baseline desktop usage is derived as a weighted mix
of Energy Star compliant and non-compliant models, and a mix of desktop categories. Baseline
duty cycle is drawn from empirical studies, taking into account the enabled built-in power
management of computers and monitors before applying the effects of a centralized power
management control.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)

PC Management Software 207

n/a
2.32.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits

2.32.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-200.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-200.
NUnits Total number of computers controlled.
2.32.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/measure.asp?id=95/NonResNetCompPwrMgt_v3_0.xls
2.32.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

PC Management Software 208

Table 2-200 Unit Energy Savings for PC Power Management Software167
Building HVAC System ΔkWh/Unit ΔkW/Unit
K-12 School Electric Heat 125.6 0.003
K-12 School Heat Pump 124.4 0.004
K-12 School Gas Heat 159.2 0.006
Large Office/Central HVAC Electric Heat 152.2 0.006
Large Office/Central HVAC Heat Pump 147.6 0.007
Large Office/Central HVAC Gas Heat 160.6 0.008
Other/Packaged HVAC Electric Heat 153.1 0.005
Other/Packaged HVAC Heat Pump 138.2 0.007
Other/Packaged HVAC Gas Heat 172.2 0.008

167 See spreadsheet “33-TypicalCalcs_PCPwrMgt_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
and peak demand savings.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 209
2.33. Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications)
Variable Frequency drives can provide energy efficient operation for fans and pumps used in
processes applications. The savings potential for Variable Frequency Drives in process
applications is highly variable and dependent upon its application. For this reason, it is best for
the energy impacts for such projects to be determined via a custom path. The method below can
be used to assess energy impacts for projects in which a VFD is installed on either a fan or
centrifugal pump serving a process application.
Table 2-201 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-201 Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications)168
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,382 kWh 1,324 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.16 kW 0.16 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $330 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $330
Stacking Effect End-Use Process
2.33.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Only VFDs installed on variably loaded motors, from 5 to 300 horsepower, in process applications
are eligible under this measure.169 Note that systems of motors which are individually less than 5
horsepower are eligible provided that: 1) they are controlled by a common VFD, and 2) the
aggregate horsepower of motors controlled by a single VFD is greater than 5 HP. Eligible
applications are limited to fans and centrifugal pumps serving a process load. Examples of such
loads include (but are not limited to) wastewater effluent pumping, ventilation fans for agricultural
sheds, and dairy vacuum pumps. Fans and pumps used for Heating, Ventilation and Air-
Conditioning in occupant comfort applications are not eligible under this measure.
2.33.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
When electing to use an engineering calculation approach (Algorithm 2 below) the reported
savings estimates must be production neutral. Since the impact of facility production rates is
implicit in the motor load profile care should be taken to ensure that the baseline and measure
motor load profiles developed for each site are based on a facility 'typical' production. In cases
where the project constitutes an expansion due to increased production (or new construction) the
168 See spreadsheet “34-TypicalCalcs_ProcessVFD_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
169 The term “process” here denotes any industrial or agricultural VFD driven application which does not serve space conditioning
equipment for occupant comfort.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 210

most reliable production estimates should be used. There are two possible project baseline
scenarios - retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
In early replacement retrofit scenarios the baseline equipment is the pre-existing pump/fan, motor,
and flow control strategy. Production levels (to the extent that they impact equipment energy use)
are assumed to be 'typical' for the facility.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for new construction projects (including retrofits that result in an expansion
of equipment capacity) is defined by the "industry standard" for affected processes. If no industry
standard can be identified then the facility (or others operated by the same company) should be
explored to identify whether or not older and similar production lines can be used to define
baseline equipment. If none of the above are present (or applicable) then the baseline equipment
is assumed to be the least efficient variant of what is installed. Production levels (to the extent
that they impact equipment energy use) are assumed to be the most reliable estimate of 'typical'
production rates for the facility.
2.33.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Algorithm 1: Deemed
ΔkWhDeemed = kWh/Unit * PNominal
ΔkWDeemed = kW/Unit * PNominal
Algorithm 2: Engineering Formulas170
Δ kWhEng = ∑ Pmotor * Hri * (Fbase, i - Fmeas, i)
Δ kWEng = Pmotor * (Fbase, i - Fmeas, i) * CF
Pmotor = .745 * PNominal * LF / η
Fi = β1 + β 2 * Spdi + β 3 * Spdi2 + β 4 * Spdi3

170 TCFhese formulas are applied in the workbook titled “34-TypicalCalcs_ProcessVFD_v2.xlsx”. The spreadsheet titled “Site Specific
Calculator” can be used to estimate project energy impacts using the engineering formula based approach.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 211

2.33.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
Pmotor The electrical power draw of the motor at pump design conditions.
Pnominal The nominal horsepower of the motor
LF The load factor for the motor when operating at pump design conditions.
η Motor nameplate efficiency.
Fi The motor process loading factor at motor % Speed i. This is calculated using the
curve-fit coefficients β 1 through β 4 found in Table 2-203. The appropriate factors
are selected based on the flow control type for the baseline. Coefficients for flow
control VFD are selected for the measure factors (Fmeas, i). For any project, it must
first be determined how often the motor/VFD will operate at different speeds.
SPDi Motor percent speed (e.g. 10% = 10)
Hri The time spent (in units of hours) at speed i
CF The coincidence factor. If unknown for the project a value of .77 should be used.
2.33.5. Sources
 Regional Technical Forum Unit Energy Savings calculator for Agricultural: Variable
Frequency Drives – Dairy (http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/ag/AgDairyVFD_v1_2.xls)
 Regional Technical Forum Unit Energy Savings calculator for Agricultural: Variable
Frequency Drives - Potato/Onion Shed
 (http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/ag/AgPotatoOnionShedVFD_v3_3.xls)
 Evaluation Results from 2011 Easy Upgrades, 2011 Building Efficiency, and 2010 Custom
Efficiency Incentive Programs.
2.33.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 212

Table 2-202 Deemed Per/HP savings values
Measure
Process VFD 1,382 0.16

Table 2-203 Coefficients for Process Loading Factors (Fi) Curve-Fits
Flow Control Type β1 β2 β3 β4
Throttling Valve 55.2124 0.637 -0.0019 0
Eddy Current Clutch 16.39683 -0.05647 0.01237 -3 x 10-5
Mechanical (Torque Converter) 13.51137 0.34467 0.01269 -7 x 10-5
Bypass, Recirculation Valve 102 0 0 0
VFD 27.44751 -1.00853 0.01762 0

Table 2-204 Coincidence Factors
Application CF
Site Specific As Measured
Other .69

Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors 213

2.34. Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors
Automatic high speed doors can provide energy savings by decreasing the amount of time a door
will remain open compared to a traditional warehouse door. Traditional warehouse doors are
generally left open for longer periods of time than necessary since it takes extra time to open and
close these doors every time. The savings potential for automatic high speed doors is variable
and depends upon its location and time left open. The method below can be used to assess
energy impacts for projects in which an automatic high speed door is installed on a freezer or
refrigerator space. Automatic high speed doors will have an additional benefit of reduced man
hours required to operate a typical door.
Table 2-205 through Table 2-207 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-205 Typical Saving Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Refrigerator to Dock171
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door Door
Average Unit Energy Savings 23,609 kWh 21,248 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 10.06 kW 9.06 kW
Expected Useful Life 8 Years 8 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $12,650 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $11,650
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-206 Typical Savings Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Freezer to Dock
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door Door
Average Unit Energy Savings 155,659 kWh 140,093 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 66.34 kW 59.7 kW
Expected Useful Life 8 Years 8 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $12,650 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $11,650
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

171 See spreadsheet “35-TypicalCalcs_HighSpeedDoor_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings and incremental costs.

Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors 214

Table 2-207 Typical Savings Estimate for Automatic High Speed Doors: Freezer to Refrigerator
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door Door
Average Unit Energy Savings 112,469 kWh 101,222 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 47.93 kW 43.14 kW
Expected Useful Life 8 Years 8 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $12,650 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $11,650
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.34.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will replace a manual or electric door with an automatic door that will open and
close. New door controls should decrease the amount of time the door remains open throughout
the day. Savings will not be realized if doors are rarely opened or personnel are already diligent
about ensuring door is only open when needed.
2.34.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment are manual or electronic doors that require personnel input to open and close
the doors. Baseline door openings should either have strip curtains that block a majority of door
area or is typically closed during business hours.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing refrigeration system and manual or
electronic warehouse doors.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for New Construction projects is a refrigeration system meeting current
federal energy efficiency requirements and manual or electronic warehouse doors.
2.34.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Δ MMBtu/h = 60 * V * A * (hi - hr) * ρ * Dt / CF1
Δ kWh = (MMBtu/h * CF1) / (CF2 * COP)
Δ kW = kWh / EFLH

Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors 215

2.34.4. Definitions
ΔMMBtu/h Expected heat savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
V Face air velocity across the door opening (ft/min).
A Area of the door opening (ft2).
hi Enthalpy of the infiltration air (Btu/lb).
hr Enthalpy of the refrigerated air (Btu/lb).
Ρ Air density of the refrigerated air (lb/ft3).
Dt Annual duration of time door is open (hours/year).
CF1 Conversion factor 1,000,000 Btu/MMBtu.
CF2 Conversion factor 3,413 Btu/kWh.
COP Coefficient of Performance of the refrigeration system
2.34.5. Sources
 ASHRAE Refrigeration Handbook 2010
 Oregon State University, Energy Efficiency Center Research:
(http://eeref.engr.oregonstate.edu/Opportunity_Templates/High_Speed_Door)
2.34.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors 216

Table 2-208 Typical Freezer and Refrigerator Properties
Measure
Temperature (°C) -18 0
Enthalpy (Btu/lb) -16.2 9.477
Air Density (lbs/ft3 0.0863 0.0806
Retrofit COP 1.158 1.979
New Construction COP 1.274 2.177

High Volume Low Speed Fans 217
2.35. High Volume Low Speed Fans
High Volume Low Speed (HVLS) Fans provide greater air flow for the same amount of energy
compared to a standard fan. This increased air flow provided can reduce the number of fans
necessary to properly circulate air compared to the standard fan. Circulation fans are used to
provide air movement for thermal comfort in large open unconditioned spaces. Energy savings
are realized by being able to reduce the number of fans necessary to achieve the same desired
air circulation volume.
Table 2-209 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-209 Typical Saving Estimate for High Volume Low Speed Fans in Unconditioned
Spaces172
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Fan Fan
Average Unit Energy Savings 16,105 kWh 16,105 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 4.23 kW 4.23 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $4,185 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $3,185
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-210 Typical Savings Estimate for High Volume Low Speed Fans in Conditioned
Spaces173
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Fan Fan
Average Unit Energy Savings 17,360 kWh 17,360 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 4.56 kW 4.56 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $4,185 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $3,185
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

172 See spreadsheet “36-TypicalCalcs_HVLSFans_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
173 See spreadsheet “36-TypicalCalcs_HVLSFans_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

High Volume Low Speed Fans 218

2.35.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will replace standard high speed fans with fewer high volume low speed fans.
HVLS fans should be programmed to operate only during business hours and only when needed
for thermal comfort.
2.35.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment are standard 48 inch high speed fans operating to provide thermal comfort in
an unconditioned space.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects are the existing standard high speed fans in
unconditioned spaces.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for New Construction projects are standard high speed fans in
unconditioned spaces.
2.35.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Δ kW = (∑Wb – ∑Wee)
Δ kWh = Δ kW * Hours * CIF
2.35.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
Wb Baseline fan wattage (Watts)
Wee Installed HVLS fan wattage (Watts)
Hours Total annual operating hours (hours)
CIF Cooling interactive factor (CIF=1 for unconditioned spaces)
2.35.5. Sources
 Illinois TRM Version 5.0 Measure 4.1.2
 Minnesota TRM Version 2.1

High Volume Low Speed Fans 219

 Pennsylvania PUC TRM
 Wisconsin Focus on Energy 2017 TRM
2.35.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-211 Fan Replacement Wattage by Fan Diameter
Fan Diameter (ft) HVLS Watts Baseline Fans Watts kW Savings
16 761 4124 3.36
18 850 4640 3.79
20 940 5155 4.21
22 940 5671 4.73
24 1119 6186 5.07

Table 2-212 Average Savings by Fan Diameter in Unconditioned Space
Fan Diameter Demand Savings Annual Savings
16 3.4 12,795
18 3.8 14,418
20 4.2 16,036
22 4.7 17,998
24 5.1 19,278
Average 4.23 16,105

Table 2-213 Fan Hours by Building Type
Building Type Annual Daily Hours Hours Above 50
CZ5 CZ6

Table 2-214 Estimated Savings for Conditioned Spaces
Building Type HCIF
Process Facility 16,105 4.23 1.05 4.44 16,910
Conditioned Warehouse 16,105 4.23 1.05 4.44 16,910
Refrigerated Warehouse (35 Degrees) 16,105 4.23 1.13 4.80 18,261
Cold Storage Warehouse (0 Degrees) 16,105 4.23 1.17 4.95 18,814

HVAC Fan Motor Belts 220
2.36. HVAC Fan Motor Belts
Cogged and Synchronous fan motor belts provide greater motor transfer efficiency compared to
a standard fan belt. The cogged belt can be used directly on a standard fan motor without any
motor retrofits. The synchronous fan belt requires the motor to be retrofit to work and once retrofit
a cogged or standard belt will no longer work. Energy savings are realized by more efficiently
transferring power from the fan motor when in operation. A standard fan belt loses efficiency over
time as the belt stretches and wears down averaging a 93% energy transfer rate. The cogged fan
belt takes longer to wear out but still requires the occasional maintenance to tighten and averages
a 95% energy transfer rate. The synchronous belt is toothed and requires the fan to be retrofit to
function but once installed it does not require the same amount of maintenance since the toothed
design prohibits slippage as the belt stretches and therefore maintains a high average of 98%
energy transfer rate.
Note, savings can only be realized if the motor is adjusted to run based improved belt efficiency.
Table 2-215 and Table 2-216 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-215 Typical Saving Estimate for Cogged HVAC Fan Belts174
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 78 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.015 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life175

Table 2-216 Typical Saving Estimate for Synchronized HVAC Fan Belts
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 199 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.037 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life176
174 See spreadsheet “37-TypicalCalcs_HVACBelt_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
175 Expected Useful Life (EUL) is based on the typical building HVAC runtime and a belt life of 24,000 hours.
176 Expected Useful Life (EUL) is based on the typical building HVAC runtime and a belt life of 24,000 hours.

HVAC Fan Motor Belts 221

2.36.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will replace standard fan motor belts with either a cogged belt or a synchronous
belt.
2.36.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment for this measure is the same for retrofit and new construction. This
measure currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit measure is a standard fan belt.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New Construction is not eligible for this measure since the fan belt will be included in the HVAC
efficiency and therefore covered in the HVAC efficiency measures.
2.36.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWh = kW * EFLH * ESF
kW = HP * 0.746 * LF / Eff
2.36.4. Definitions
kWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
HP Fan motor rated horsepower
LF Load factor (default 80%)
Eff Fan motor efficiency
EFLH Effective full load hours
ESF Energy savings factor based on the type of belt being installed

HVAC Fan Motor Belts 222

2.36.5. Sources
 Gates Corporation Announces New EPDM Molded Notch V-Belts
 Baldor, Synchronous Belt Drives Offer Low Cost Energy Savings
 Gates, Energy Savings from Synchronous Belts
 NREL, Replace V-Belts with Cogged or Synchronous Belt Drives
 US Department of Energy, EERE, Replace V-Belts with Notched or Synchronous Belt
Drives
 SCE Workpaper SCE13HC040 Revision 2 Cogged V-Belt Non-Residential HVAC Fans
 DEER EUL Table 2/4/2014
2.36.6. Stipulated Values
Table 2-217 Energy Savings Factor by Belt Replacement
Cogged Synchronous
ESP 2% 5.1%

Table 2-218 Typical Occupancy Hours by Building Type
DEER Building Prototype Occupancy Hours
Assembly 5,110
Education – Community College* 3,828
Education – Primary School 2,616
Education – Secondary School* 2,840
Education – University* 4,671
Education – Relocatable Classroom 5,012
Health/Medical – Hospital * 8,760
Lodging – Hotel* 8,760
Lodging – Motel* 8,760
Manufacturing - Bio/Tech 3,514
Manufacturing – Light Industrial 3,514
Health/Medical – Nursing Home* 8,760
Office – Large* 3,974
Office – Small 3,371
Restaurant - Fast-Food 6,935
Restaurant - Sit-Down 5,110
Retail - Multistory Large* 4,482
Retail - Single-Story Large 5,475
Retail – Small 4,745
Storage – Conditioned 4,707
Grocery 6,570

Refrigeration Strip Curtains 223
2.37. Refrigeration Strip Curtains
Strip curtain on walk-in freezers and refrigerators help keep the conditioned air inside of the space
while still allowing for easy travel through the door. Energy savings are realized by reducing that
amount of energy loss from the space which will reduce the amount of energy required by the
refrigeration cooling system.
Table 2-219 and Table 2-220 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-219 Typical Saving Estimate for Freezer Strip Curtains177
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Doorway Doorway
Average Unit Energy Savings 4,865 kWh 4,865 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.6 kW 0.6 kW
Expected Useful Life 4 years 4 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $274 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $213
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-220 Typical Saving Estimate for Refrigerated Strip Curtains
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Doorway Doorway
Average Unit Energy Savings 3,024 kWh 3,024 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.39 kW 0.39 kW
Expected Useful Life 4 years 4 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $274 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $213
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.37.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will replace a standard unobstructed door opening of a refrigerated or freezer.
2.37.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment for this measure is the same for retrofit and new construction.

177 See spreadsheet “38-TypicalCalcs_StripCurtains_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Refrigeration Strip Curtains 224

Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit measure is a standard doorway without any protective barrier.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for this new construction measure is a standard doorway without any
protective barrier.
2.37.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWh = kWh/ft^2 * Area
kW = kWh / Hours
2.37.4. Definitions
kWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/ft^2 Estimated energy saving per square foot of open area
Area Area of the doorway in square feet
Hours Annual operating hours and time the doorway will be open
2.37.5. Sources
 RTF ComGroceryStripCurtain Version 1.7
 Illinois TRM
2.37.6. Stipulated Values

Refrigeration Strip Curtains 225

Table 2-221 Typical Savings Parameters by Building Type
Space Type kWh/ft^2 Area kWh Savings Hours kW Savings
Grocery Store - Freezer 535 21 11,235 8,121 1.383
Grocery Store - Cooler 123 21 2,583 7,693 0.336
Convenience Store - Freezer 31 21 651 8,121 0.080
Convenience Store - Cooler 19 21 399 7,693 0.052
Restaurant - Freezer 129 21 2,709 8,121 0.334
Restaurant - Cooler 24 21 504 7,693 0.066
Refrigerated Warehouse 410 21 8,610 7,693 1.119

Electronically Commutate Motor in HVAC Units 226
2.38. Electronically Commutated Motor in HVAC Units
Existing standard efficiency airflow fan motors in small HVAC units can be retrofit with high-
efficiency motors. There are three types of HVAC fan motors covered in this measure: Shaded
Pole (SP) motor, Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) motor, and Electronically Commutated Motor
(ECM). The ECM has the highest efficiency and can replace the PSC or SP motor. A PSC can
only replace a SP motor. Savings are realized by requiring less energy to provide the same
amount of airflow.
Table 2-222 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-222 Typical Saving Estimate for Fan Motors in HVAC Units178
Retrofit
(PSC to ECM)
Retrofit
(SP to ECM)
Retrofit
(SP to PSC)
New
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP HP n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,354 kWh 4,402 kWh 3,047 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.26 kW 0.83 kW 0.57 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years 15 years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $305 $305 $227 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.38.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will be: an ECM replacing PSC or SP motor; or a PSC motor replacing a SP
motor in an HVAC unit.
2.38.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment for this measure only addresses the retrofit option.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for this retrofit measure is a PSC or SP motor in a HVAC unit that
provides the primary cooling and ventilation airflow.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible for this measure since replacing the HVAC fan will improve the
HVAC EER value and therefore should apply for the HVAC measure.

178 See spreadsheet “39-TypicalCalcs_HVAC_ECM_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Electronically Commutate Motor in HVAC Units 227

2.38.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWh = kW * EFLH
kW = HP * 0.746 * LF / Eff
2.38.4. Definitions
kWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
EFLH Effective full load hours.
HP Motor rated horsepower.
LF Motor load factor (default is 80%).
Eff Motor efficiency
2.38.5. Sources
 SCE Workpaper SCE13HC040 Revision 2 Cogged V-Belt Non-Residential HVAC Fans
 ECM Motors: An Energy Saving Opportunity

Electronically Commutate Motor in HVAC Units 228

2.38.6. Stipulated Values
Table 2-223 Typical Occupancy Hours by Building Type
DEER Building Prototype Occupancy Hours
Assembly 5,110
Education – Community College 3,828
Education – Primary School 2,616
Education – Secondary School 2,840
Education – University* 4,671
Education – Relocatable Classroom 5,012
Health/Medical – Hospital 8,760
Lodging – Hotel* 8,760
Lodging – Motel* 8,760
Manufacturing - Bio/Tech 3,514
Manufacturing – Light Industrial 3,514
Health/Medical – Nursing Home 8,760
Office – Large 3,974
Office – Small 3,371
Restaurant - Fast-Food 6,935
Restaurant - Sit-Down 5,110
Retail - Multistory Large 4,482
Retail - Single-Story Large 5,475
Retail – Small 4,745
Storage – Conditioned 4,707
Grocery 6,570

Table 2-224 Typical Motor Replacement Parameters
Motor Type HP LF EFLH Eff kW Energy Usage
SP 1.0 80% 5310 40% 0.92 7,923
PSC 1.0 80% 5310 65% 0.92 4,876
ECM 1.0 80% 5310 90% 0.92 3,521
SP to PSC Savings 0.57 3,047
SP to ECM Savings 0.83 4,402
PSC to ECM Savings 0.26 1,354

Engine Block Heater Controls 229
2.39. Engine Block Heater
An engine block heater warms an engine which improves the engine start up in cold weather.
Typically, an engine block heater will be plugged in during the colder months and the heater will
run continuously while connected. The engine block heater controls come in two varieties, engine
mounted and wall mounted. A wall mounted heater has a 2 hour delay when plugged in after
vehicle use since the engine is already warm enough and will only turn on when the outside air
temperature drops below a certain threshold. The engine mounted heater cycles on based on the
engine temperature which essentially makes it operate in the same manner as the wall mounted.
Table 2-225 and Table 2-226 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-225 Typical Saving Estimate for Wall Mounted Engine Block Heater Controls179
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,733 kWh 2,733 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $120 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $70
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-226 Typical Saving Estimate for Engine Mounted Engine Block Heater Controls180
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,335 kWh 2,335 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $170 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $120
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.39.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment will be able to automatically cycle the heater on and off based on need instead
of running continuously.
179 See spreadsheet “40-TypicalCalcs_BlockHeater_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
180 See spreadsheet “40-TypicalCalcs_BlockHeater_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Engine Block Heater Controls 230

2.39.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment for this measure is the same for retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit is a standard engine block heater with no controls.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction is a standard engine block heater with no controls.
2.39.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWh = kW * (EFLHBase - EFLHProposed)
2.39.4. Definitions
kWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kW Expected heater demand when ON.
EFLHBase Effective full load hours of the baseline unit without automatic controls. Calculated
using TMY3 weather data, vehicle operating schedule, deemed heating season
and temperature less than 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature requirement
is based on studies of when people feel it is cold enough to plug in the heater.
EFLHProp
heating season and temperatures less 24 degrees Fahrenheit. The block heater
controls vary the power based on the outdoor air temperature as shown in TABLE
below.
2.39.5. Sources
 RTF: Engine Block Heater Controls Version 1.1
 Illinois TRM Version 6.0 Measure 4..1.1
2.39.6. Stipulated Values

Engine Block Heater Controls 231

Table 2-227 Typical Vehicle Hours of Operation
Vehicle Type Typical Daily Schedule
Bus 7 AM to 9 AM and

Table 2-228 Typical Engine Block Heater Parameters
Heater Type Heating Season Delay Start Temp Full Load Temp
Standard Nov – Mar 0 hours 50 °F 50 °F
Wall Mounted Controlled Nov – Mar 2 hours 24 °F -13 °F
Engine Mounted Controlled Nov – Mar 2 hours 40 °F -3 °F

Table 2-229 Typical Effective Full Load Hours
Baseline Wall-mounted Engine-mounted
Vehicle Type CZ5 CZ6 CZ5 CZ6 CZ5 CZ6
Bus 2,814 2,909 34 168 352 666
Delivery 2,257 2,337 33 157 328 607
Mass Transit 1,903 1,938 30 141 292 518

Dairy Pump VFD 232
2.40. Dairy Pump VFD
A standard dairy pump will not have controls even though the milk flow is variable. Two pumps
are analyzed in this measure: milking vacuum pump and milk transfer pump. The vacuum pump
is responsible for keeping a designated negative pressure to milk the cows typically by having a
pump oversized and operating at full speed with a bleed valve to maintain the desired pressure.
A VFD on this pump will allow the motor to slow down during normal operation and then speed
up when necessary. Savings are realized by operating the pump just to meet the vacuum needs
without wasting energy through a bleed valve.
The milk transfer pump transports the collected milk into a storage unit. Since the flow of milk is
not consistent this pump will typically cycle off and on throughout the milking process to keep from
running without milk present. A VFD on this pump will allow the pump to operate continually at a
decreased speed based on the amount of milk being produced. Savings are realized from
operating the pump continually at a low speed rather than cycling off and on at full speed.
Table 2-230 and Table 2-231 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-230 Typical Saving Estimate for Milking Vacuum Pump VFD181
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 3,084 kWh 3,084 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.57 kW 0.57 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $356 $356
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-231 Typical Saving Estimate for Milk Transfer Pump VFD182
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 11,777 kWh 11,777 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 2.34 kW 2.34 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $2,052 $2,052
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a
181 See spreadsheet “41-TypicalCalcs_DairyVFD_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
182 See spreadsheet “35-TypicalCalcs_DairyVFD_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Dairy Pump VFD 233

2.40.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment are pumps that are directly used to create a milking vacuum or transfer milk
into storage. Only primary pumps are eligible, secondary or backup units are not eligible.
2.40.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit are standard vacuum and transfer pumps without a VFD.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Although this measure is considered standard practice when installing a new system, typically
with new construction equipment from a different facility will be used instead of buy new
equipment.
2.40.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWhsavings,hp = [(HP – (0.25 * MU)) * 0.746 *DRhr * DY / Eff ] / HP
kWhsavings = kWh/unit * N
2.40.4. Definitions
kWhsavings,hp Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment
normalized per pump motor horsepower.
HP Pump motor nameplate horsepower.
0.25 Constant, HP required per milking unit.
MU Number of milking units connected to the vacuum pump.
0.746 Constant, conversion factor kW / HP.
DRhr Daily runtime in hours required for milking.
DY Amount of milking days per year.

Dairy Pump VFD 234

Eff Pump motor nameplate efficiency.
kWhsavings Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/unit Deemed savings associated with each milk transfer pump VFD
N Number of milk transfer pump VFDs being installed on primary pump motors.
2.40.5. Sources
 DEER 2014 EUL Table 2/4/2014
 Vermont TRM 1/1/2012
 RTF: Dairy Milking Machines Vacuum Pump VFD Version 1.2
 Work Paper: PGE3PAGR116 Revision 0: Milk Vacuum Pump VSD (Dairy Farm
Equipment)
 Work Paper SCE13PR004 Revision 2: Agricultural Milk Transfer Pump VSD
 Work Paper PGE3PAGR118 Revision 0: Milk Transfer Pump VSD
2.40.6. Stipulated Values

Table 2-232 Deemed Savings for Dairy Pump VFDs
Pump Type Savings kWh/unit Demand Savings kW/unit
Transfer pump VFD 11,777 2.34
Vacuum pump VFD 43,691 0.57

Compressed Air Measures 235
2.41. Compressed Air Measures
Compressed air in a facility can have many uses and many ways to save energy. This measure
applies to savings associated with: adding a VFD on the air compressor, installing a low pressure
drop filter, installing a no-loss condensate drain, installing an efficient spray nozzle, and installing
an efficient refrigerated compressed air dryer.
Table 2-233 through Table 2-237 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for each
measure, along with a description for each measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms
and stipulated values described below183.
VFD Compressor: a typical compressor cycles on and off based on the psi setpoint. Installing a
VFD on the air compressor allows the compressor to vary the speed based on actual demand.
Table 2-233 Typical Saving Estimate for Air Compressor VFD
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 949 kWh 949 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.16 kW 0.16 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $223 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $223
Stacking Effect End-Use Compressed air

Low Pressure Filter: The typical compressed air filter has a pressure drop that starts at 3 psi and
ends at 5 psi. The low pressure filter has a pressure drop that starts at 1 psi and ends at 3 psi.
The decrease in pressure drop means that the compressor will use less energy delivering the
required compressed air psi.
Table 2-234 Typical Savings Estimate for a Low Pressure Filter
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 44 kWh 44 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.01 kW 0.01 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 years 5 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $10 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $10
Stacking Effect End-Use Compressed air

183 See spreadsheet “42-TypicalCalcs_CompressedAir_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings and incremental costs.

Compressed Air Measures 236

No-loss condensate drain: Compressed air causes the system to build up condensate that needs
to be drained occasionally. The typical drain uses the high pressure to exhaust the condensate
out but also exhaust some compressed air. A no-loss condensate drain monitors the amount of
condensate present and then exhaust only the condensate without wasting any compressed air.
Table 2-235 Typical Savings Estimate for a No-Loss Condensate Drain
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,830 kWh 1,830 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.3 kW 0.3 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 years 10 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $700 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $700
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Efficient Air Nozzle: A compressed air nozzle is used to blow off parts or drying. A high-efficiency
air nozzle reduces the amount of air required, compared to a standard nozzle, to adequately
accomplish the nozzle purpose.
Table 2-236 Typical Savings Estimate for an Efficient Compressed Air Nozzle
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,131 kWh 1,131 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.19 kW 0.19 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $61 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $61
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Efficient Refrigerated Compressed Air Dryer: The air dryer in the compressed air cycle prevents
excess condensate from forming in the compressed air supply lines, which can damage the
system if not controlled. The efficient refrigerated air dryer cycles on and off based on the need
during part load performance whereas the typical dryer remains on the entire time.

Compressed Air Measures 237

Table 2-237 Typical Saving Estimate for an Efficient Refrigerated Compressed Air Dryer
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit CFM CFM
Average Unit Energy Savings 10.62 kWh 10.62 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.77 W 1.77 W
Expected Useful Life 13 years 13 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $6 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $6
Stacking Effect End-Use Compressed air

2.41.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment for this measure will be installed as the primary unit in the compressed air
system. The compressor VFD will be installed on the air compressor and programmed to allow
the compressor to vary in speed based on load demand. The low pressure filter should decrease
the pressure drop across the filter and then the compressor should be adjusted to provide the
same source air pressure. The no-loss condensate drain should expel enough condensate so
that none gets into the system but does not waste any compressed air. The efficient nozzle needs
to be able to deliver the same performance while using less airflow. The efficient air dryer will be
able to cycle on and off based on the part load demand.
2.41.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for this measure is: an air compressor without VFD controls, a standard
filter, an open tube with ball valve to limit the amount of air waste, a standard air nozzle, and a
standard air dryer.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
2.41.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
VFD Air Compress: kWh = 0.9 * HP * EFLH * (CFb – CFe)
kW = kWh / EFLH * CF

Compressed Air Measures 238

Low Pressure Filter: kWh = (kWtyp * deltaP * SF * EFLH / HPtyp) * HP
kW = kWh / EFLH * CF
No-Loss Condensate Drain: kWh =CFMloss * kWcfm * EFLH
kW = kWh / EFLH * CF
Efficient Nozzle: kWh = SCFM * %reduction * kWcfm * %use * EFLH
kW = kWh / EFLH * CF
Efficient Dryer: kWh = Ps * (EC50,base – EC50,eff) * EFLH * CFM50,cap
kW = kWh / EFLH * CF
2.41.4. Definitions
kWh Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kW Expected peak demand savings.
EFLH Effective full load hours of the facility in which the air compressor system will be
engaged.
HP Air compressor motor nameplate horsepower.
CFb Baseline compressor efficiency factor.
CFe Efficient compressor with VFD control efficiency factor.
kWtyp Typical industrial motor power consumption.
deltaP Change in pressure drop across the filter between baseline and installed unit.
SF Savings factor associated with decrease in filter pressure drop.
HPtyp Typical industrial motor horsepower.
CFMloss Rate of exhaust airflow through open condensate drain.

Compressed Air Measures 239

SCFM Standard nozzle airflow at 80 psi.
%reduction Percent reduction in airflow comparing the efficient nozzle to a standard nozzle.
%use Percentage of time the nozzle will be in use during operating hours.
Ps Full flow specific power usage.
EC50 Energy consumption ratio of the dryer at 50% capacity.
CFM50,cap System rated airflow when running at 50% capacity.
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which
occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
2.41.5. Sources
 Workpaper SCE17PR005 revision 0 Air Compressor VSD
 Illinois TRM Version 6.0 Measure 4.7.1 – 4.7.5
2.41.6. Stipulated Values

Table 2-238 Typical Hours of Operation Based on Shift Schedules
Shift Type Hours/Days EFLH Weight
Single Shift 8/5 1976 16%
2-Shift 16/5 3952 23%
3-Shift 24/5 5928 25%
4-Shift 24/7 8320 36%
Weighted Average 5702 100%

Table 2-239 Typical Parameters Based on Compressor Type
Compressor Type kWTyp kWcfm
Reciprocating - On/off control 70.2 0.184
Reciprocating - Load/Unload 74.8 0.136
Screw 0 load/Unload 82.3 0.152
Screw - inlet modulation 82.5 0.055
Screw - inlet modulation w/ unloading 82.5 0.055
Screw - variable displacement 73.2 0.153
Screw - VSD 70.8 0.178
typical 77.56 0.107

Compressed Air Measures 240

Table 2-240 Typical Energy Consumption Ratio by Dryer Type
Dryer Type CZ5
thermal-mass 0.729
VSD 0.501
Digital Scroll 0.501
Average 0.577

Table 2-241 Typical Cost and Savings by Compressed Air Nozzle Replacement Size
Nozzle Size 1/8" 1/4" 5/16" 1/2"
Cost $42.00 $57.00 $87.00 $121.00
kWh 320 885 1,724 4,271

Smart Power Strip 241
2.42. Smart Power Strip
A standard power strip provides continuous power to all devices that are plugged into the power
strip. A smart power strip will cycle off all devices that are plugged into the controlled outlets based
on expected time of non-use. There are three different methods for a power strip to cycle off
controlled equipment: Motion Sensor, Load Sensor, and Timer. The motion sensor detects
movement in the room and then will turn equipment after a set amount of inactivity in the detected
space. The load sensor has a master load outlet that will control the other plugs. When the master
load power drops below a set threshold, such as when a computer is shutdown or goes into sleep
mode, then all other controlled equipment is shutdown. A timer controls the equipment with a user
defined programmed schedule. Savings are realized by powering down all nonessential
equipment during unoccupied hours. This will eliminated wasted energy from equipment being
left on as well as reducing loads produced by the small energy draw from equipment even when
they are powered off.
Table 2-242 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-242 Typical Saving Estimate for Smart Power Strip Devices184
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 118 kWh 118 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 4 years 4 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $37 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $33
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.42.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment are power strips that are capable of automatically cutting power to all
equipment plugged into the controllable slots. Strips can be controlled with a motion sensor, load
sensor, or timer.
2.42.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit are standard power strips that do not have automatic shutoff
controls.

184 See spreadsheet “43-TypicalCalcs_SmartStrip_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Smart Power Strip 242

New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction are standard power strips that do not have
automatic shutoff controls.
2.42.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWhsavings = kWhsavings/unit * N
2.42.4. Definitions
kWhsavings Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWhsavings/unit Expected annual energy savings per smart strip unit installed.
N Number of units installed.
2.42.5. Sources
 RTF Commercial Smart Plug Power Strips version 3.4
 Workpaper SCE13CS002 Revision 3: Smart Power Strips
2.42.6. Stipulated Values
Table 2-243 Deemed Savings by Control Device
Control Device Savings kWh/unit Cost $/unit
Motion Sensor 157 40
Load Sensor 104 32
Timer 110 33
Average 118 33

Potato and Onion Ventilation Variable Frequency Drive 243
2.43. Potato and Onion Ventilation Variable Frequency Drive
When potatoes and onions are harvest they are stored in large storage sheds that need to have
adequate ventilation to properly preserve the produce during storage. Potatoes and onions need
to be well ventilated to maintain proper temperature, provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Installing a variable frequency drive (VFD) on the ventilation fans help keep uniform temperatures
in the whole storage shed compared to cycling the ventilation fan on and off. Savings are realized
by allowing the ventilation fans to operate at lower speeds based on actual system demands.
Table 2-244 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-244 Typical Savings Estimate for Potato and Onion Ventilation VFDs185
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 1193 kWh 1193 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.144 kW 0.144 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 years 10 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $264 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $264
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

2.43.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is a variable frequency drive installed on the primary ventilation fan used to
directly control the environment in a potato or onion storage shed structure. The VFD should be
able to reduce the fan speed down to preset minimum value based on system demands.
2.43.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit are single speed ventilation fans with only on and off cycle
ability.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction are single speed ventilation fans with only on and
off cycle ability.

185 See spreadsheet “44-TypicalCalcs_PotatoOnionShedVFD_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical
unit energy savings and incremental costs.

Potato and Onion Ventilation Variable Frequency Drive 244

2.43.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWhsavings = kWhsavings/hp * HP * N
kWsavings = kWsavings/hp * HP * N
2.43.4. Definitions
kWhsavings Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWhsavings/unit Deemed annual energy savings per motor horsepower.
kWsavings Expected peak demand savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWsavings/unit Deemed peak demand energy savings per motor horsepower.
HP Ventilation fan nameplate rated horsepower.
N Number of units installed.
2.43.5. Sources
 RTF Potato/Onion Shed Variable Frequency Drives Version 3.3
2.43.6. Stipulated Values
Table 2-245 Deemed Savings Normalized by Horsepower
Energy Savings (kWh/hp) Demand Savings (kW/hp)
Ventilation VFD 1193 0.144

Kitchen Ventilation Hood 245
2.44. Kitchen Ventilation Hood
Commercial kitchens need to have ventilation fans to exhaust heat and effluent created while
cooking. These fans typically are operated manually on/off and are on the whole time during
operating hours. Installing temperature and optic sensors on the exhaust hoods to control the
ventilation fans so they only operate when necessary and can decrease speed based on the
ventilation demand. The temperature sensor detects when a cooking surface is in use and the
optic sensor detects the amount of effluent in the air and adjusts the fan speed accordingly.
Savings are realized by decreasing the fan operating speed during normal hours of operation.
Table 2-246 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-246 Typical Savings Estimate for Kitchen Ventilation Hood Controls186
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 4,423 kWh 4,423 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.551 kW 0.551 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,991 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,991
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.44.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is a variable frequency drive installed on the kitchen ventilation fans that is
controlled by a temperature and optic sensor. The VFD should be able to reduce the fan speed
down to a preset minimum value based on system demands. Kitchen HVAC system must be able
to accommodate the variable exhaust airflow caused by the hood VFD.
2.44.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit are single speed ventilation fans with only on and off cycle
ability.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)

186 See spreadsheet “45-TypicalCalcs_KitchenVentHood_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings and incremental costs.

Kitchen Ventilation Hood 246

The baseline equipment for new construction are single speed ventilation fans with only on and
off cycle ability.
2.44.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
kWhsavings = (HP * 0.7457 / Eff / LF) * (1 - (1 - %reduction)^2.7) * Hours * Days
kWsavings = kWhsavings / Hours / Days * CF
2.44.4. Definitions
kWhsavings Expected annual energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
HP Fan motor nameplate horsepower.
Eff Fan motor nameplace efficiency.
LF Load factor, default 75%.
%recution Estimated average percent reduction from the installed unit.
Hours Daily operating hours.
Days Annual day kitchen is in operation.
CF
which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
2.44.5. Sources
 Workpaper: SCE13CC008 Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Hood Demand Controlled
Ventilation
 Workpaper: PGECOFST116 Revision 4 Commercial Kitchen Demand Ventilation Controls
2.44.6. Stipulated Values
Table 2-247 Deemed Savings Normalized by Horsepower
Energy Savings (kWh/hp) Demand Savings (kW/hp)
Kitchen Hood VFD 4,423 0.551

Kitchen Ventilation Hood 247

Table 2-248 Average Kitchen Exhaust Hood Demand Controlled Ventilation Parameters
Exhaust HP Baseline kW Measure kW kW Reduction Percent annual Annual Savings
9.65 10.11 4.2 5.91 25% 71,323 28,636 42,686

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 248
2.45. Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS)
A Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) takes in 100% outside air and delivers it to all spaces.
This outside air is usually conditioned to either room temperature or slightly chilled and satisfies
all the ventilation required for each space. A parallel system in each space then operates on 0%
outside air to properly condition the space. This system setup allows for the DOAS and secondary
systems to be independently sized to only maintain the latent and sensible loads. This system
setup allows for several high efficiency measures to be implemented including a total heat
recovery unit and variable refrigerant flow units. Savings are realized by: being allowing the two
parallel systems to be properly sized to each space: running the units at optimal efficiency and
installing an energy recovery device between outdoor air and the exhaust air.
Table 2-249 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-249 Typical Savings Estimate for a Dedicated Outdoor Air System187
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,731 kWh 1,063 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.311 kW 0.135 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $5,760 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a -$2,608
Stacking Effect End-Use HVAC

2.45.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is a Dedicated Outdoor Air System with a parallel space conditioning unit and
a total heat recovery device on the exhaust air.
2.45.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is an existing mechanical HVAC system that does not
currently use a 100% outdoor air ventilation unit.
New Construction (Includes Major Renovations)

187 See spreadsheet “46-TypicalCalcs_DOAS_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 249

The baseline equipment for new construction projects is an HVAC system that meets the local
building energy codes and standards.
2.45.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWh/ton * Cap
∆kW = ∆kW/ton * Cap
2.45.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/ton Energy savings on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-250 and Table
2-251.
∆kW/ton Demand reduction on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-250 and
Table 2-251.
Cap Capacity (in Tons) of the HVAC system on which DOAS will be replacing.

2.45.5. Sources
 University of Nebraska: Energy Benefits of Different Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems
Configurations in Various Climates
 Desert Aire: AHRI 920 Performance Rating and Comparisons of DX-DOAS Unit Efficiency
 Engineered Systems: September 2013: Cost of DOAS/Radiant
 Business Energy Advisor: Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems:
https://fpl.bizenergyadvisor.com/BEA1/PA/PA_Ventilation/PA-54

2.45.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 250

Table 2-250 Energy Savings for New Construction DOAS
Climate Zone 5 Climate Zone 6 Weighted Average
kWh/ton kW/ton kWh/Ton kW/ton kWh/Ton kW/ton
Heat Pump 1887 0.19 2225 0.12 1,954 0.17
Package RTU 809 0.19 680 0.12 783 0.17
Package VAV 1513 0.35 1395 0.329 1,489 0.34
Package VAV and Temperature 717 0.22 566 0.12 686 0.20
GSHP 602 -0.15 662 -0.18 614 (0.15)
WSHP 852 0.09 842 0.02 849 0.07

Table 2-251 Energy Savings for Retrofit DOAS
Climate Zone 5 Climate Zone 6 Weighted Average
Baseline HVAC Type kWh/ton kW/ton kWh/Ton kW/ton kWh/Ton kW/ton
Heat Pump 2,646 0.37 3,021 0.29 2,721 0.35
Package RTU 1,448 0.37 1,305 0.29 1,420 0.35
Package VAV 2,231 0.55 2,099 0.48 2,205 0.54
Package VAV and Temperature 1,346 0.41 1,178 0.29 1,313 0.38
GSHP 1,219 0 1,285 -0.04 1,232 (0.01)
WSHP 1,496 0.26 1,485 0.18 1,494 0.24

Table 2-252 Energy Savings and Cost Estimates for New Construction based on Baseline
HVAC type
VAV to DOAS RTU to DOAS
kWh/ton 1,489 783
kW/ton 0.34 0.17
Cost $(2,608) $4,268

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 251
2.46. Generator: Circulating Block Heater
This measure applies to replacing an existing thermo siphon heater on a backup generator with
a circulating block heater and a smaller electric resistance heater. It is important to keep a backup
generator warm when not in operation to allow for a quick startup and therefore provide the
shortest break in electricity. The typical thermos siphon heater relies on the change in density to
circulate the heated coolant within the generator which is slow and causes non-uniform
temperatures throughout the generator requiring the heater to stay on longer to sufficiently warm
up the whole system. A circulating block heater uses a small pump to circulate the heated coolant
providing better uniform temperatures throughout the system. Energy savings are realized by
being able to run the system less often and by not wasting energy by overheating some parts of
the system.
Table 2-253 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-253 Typical Savings Estimate for a Circulating Block Heater on a Backup Generator
< 3 kW188
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 7,469 kWh 7,469 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.93 kW 0.93 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,400 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $800
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-254 Typical Savings Estimate for a Circulating Block Heater on a Backup Generator
3-12 kW189
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Unit Unit
Average Unit Energy Savings 17,633 kWh 17,633 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 2.2 kW 2.2 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 years 15 years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,950 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $1,350
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

188 See spreadsheet “47-TypicalCalcs_GenBlockHeater_v1.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings and incremental costs.
189 See previous footnote

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 252

2.46.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is a recirculation pump with a small electric resistance heater directly installed
onto a backup generator.
2.46.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing thermo siphon engine heater without a
circulation device.
New Construction (Includes Major Renovations)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is a pre-heating device other than a
circulating block heater or similar device.
2.46.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWh/unit * N
∆kW = ∆kW/unit * N
2.46.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/unit Energy savings on a per unit basis.
∆kW/unit Demand reduction on a per unit basis.
N Quantity of generator block heaters being replaced.

2.46.5. Sources
 Workpaper SCE13HC055 Circulating Block Heater Revision 0

Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) 253

2.46.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and demand
savings algorithms for this measure.

Table 2-255 Stipulated Energy Savings Based on Generator Size
Backup Generator Size (kW) Heater Size (kW) Savings kWh/yr Demand Savings (kW)
37-199 1 3,472 0.43
200-799 2 11,466 1.43
800-1099 4 13,616 1.70
100-2500 8 21,650 2.70

Appendix A 254
3. Appendix A: Document Revision History
Table 3-1 Document Revision History
Date Modified Revised Description of Changes
4/01/14 - 1.0 Initial Adoption of TRM.
11/04/14 1.0 1.1
Added PVVT and GSHP system types to HVAC
Controls measure chapter. Updates were made to values in the summary tables which provide a unit savings estimate based on an assumed average of system types. System type specific values were added to the remaining applicable tables in this section. Updated tables include Table 2-70 through
04/16/15 1.1 1.2
Added WSHP system type to HVAC Controls measure chapter. Updates were made to values in the summary tables which provide a unit savings estimate based on an assumed average of system
types. System type specific values were added to the remaining applicable tables in this section. Updated
05/19/15 1.2 1.3 Found typo in several tables (Table 2-70 through Table 2-91). Table values updated to reflect
05/27/15 1.3 1.4 Found typo in several tables (Table 2-71 through Table 2-73). Table values updated to reflect
06/26/15 1.4 1.5
Updated savings values for Evaporative Pre-Cooler measure (Chapter 17) to incorporate data from new source. Accounts for the fact that the studies used to determine savings are biased towards R-22 and that R-410A has higher savings potential. New numbers assume a mix of both refrigerants, but a
08/06/15 1.5 1.6
Made small revisions to three chapters:
1) Sections 2.12 and 2.13: Expanded description of eligible equipment to include changing from A/C only to Heat-Pump and visa versa. 2) Section 2.10: Added references for the reader
HVAC system types.
3) Section 2.16: Updated numbers in Table 2-124 t

Appendix A 255

Date Modified Revised Description of Changes
10/30/2015 1.6 1.7
Updated (4) measures to include energy savings under IECC 2012. Note that only a handful of measures were affected by the IECC 2012 code
update:
1) High Efficiency A/C 2) High Efficiency Heat Pumps
3) Guest Room Occupancy Sensors 4) Direct/Indirect Evaporative Coolers
Updated eligibility language for new construction baseline in measures affected by changes in IECC 2012. This included the addition of Appendix B which describes cases in which individual HVAC controls measures are eligible due to exceptions in IECC 2012
12/1/2017 1.7 2.0
Updated (7) measures to include energy savings under IECC 2015. Note that only a handful of measures were affected by the IECC 2015 code
update:
1) Construction)
2) Efficient Windows
3) HVAC Controls
4) Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management
Systems
5) High Efficiency Air Conditioning
6) High Efficiency Heat Pumps
7) Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect)
Added (12) measures to the TRM:
1) Refrigeration: Automatic High Speed Doors 2) High Volume Low Speed Fans 3) HVAC Fan Motor Belts 4) Refrigeration Strip Curtains 5) units 6) Engine Block Heater Controls 7) Dairy Pump VFD 8) Compressed Air Measures
9) Smart Power Strips 10) Potato/Onion Ventilation VFD 11) Kitchen Ventilation Hood VFD

Appendix A 256

Date Modified Revised Description of Changes
8/21/18 2.0 2.1
Rewrote section 1.6 Application of Stacking Effect in the TRM for clarity and ease of use. Changed may “Stacking Effect End-Use” values for simplicity and to
match the revised stacking effect section.
Updated savings and cost values for section 2.14 High Efficiency Chiller based on data from new
sources and changing the expected installed unit efficiency.
Changed the measure life for the Compressed Air Dryer from 10 to 13 years based on information from new sources.
Changed the retrofit cost for cogged HVAC fan motor
10/15/18 2.1 2.2
Updated Section 2.38 to include Shaded Pole motors as a potential baseline equipment.
Updated Table 2-222 and 2-224 to include Shaded Pole motors and savings from Shaded Pole motors to

Appendix B 257

4. Appendix B
Several of the controls measures listed in Chapter 2.10 are required by IECC 2012 and 2015 for
certain new construction buildings. This appendix reproduces the exceptions listed in IECC and
identifies the cases for which these controls measures are still eligible under the New Construction
Program. Note that while the listed controls are not eligible as energy efficiency measures under
the New Construction Program (except as presented in this Appendix), they remain eligible under
the Retrofit Program as retrofit measures for which the energy code considerations presented
here can be ignored.
The HVAC controls measures covered in Chapter 2.10 are listed in Table 4-1. The remainder of
this section is organized in sub-sections which outline the conditions in which these controls
measures are eligible under the New Construction Program.
Table 4-1 List of Eligible HVAC Control Measures
Item Measure
1 Optimum Start/Stop
2 Economizer Controls
3 Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
4 Supply Air Reset
5 Chilled Water Reset
6 Condenser Water Reset
4.1. Optimum Start Stop
Sections C403.2.4.2.2 and C4.3.2.4.2.3 of IECC 2015190 indicates that automatic startup controls
are required for all HVAC systems and be capable of automatically adjusting the daily start time
of the HVAC system in order to bring each space to the desired occupied temperature immediately
prior to scheduled occupancy. While automatic shut-down controls are required, they can be time-
clock based or programmable.
This measure is only eligible when the system(s) install both optimum start and optimum stop
simultaneously on the same system(s) or for zones with a full HVAC load demand not exceeding
6,800 Btu/h and having a readily accessible manual shutoff switch.
4.2. Economizer Controls
Section C403.3 of IECC 2015191 indicates that economizer controls are required on all Simple
HVAC Systems except when stated in the exceptions listed below. Simple HVAC Systems are
defined as unitary or packaged HVAC equipment,192 each serving one zone and controlled by a
single thermostat in the zone served. This also includes two-pipe heating systems serving one or

190 IECC 2012 Sections C403.2.4.3.2 and C403.2.4.3.3
191 IECC 2012 Section C403.3.1
192 As listed in Tables C403.2.3(1) through C403.2.3(8) IECC 2012 and 2015

Appendix B 258

more zones, where no cooling system is installed. Economizers are required for all Complex
HVAC Systems.193 Several exceptions are listed in Section C403.3 of IECC 2015194 and represent
the only cases in which this measure is eligible. Note that these exceptions apply only to Simple
HVAC systems.
Exceptions (2012):
- Individual fan-cooling units with supply capacity less than 33,000 Btu/h.
- Where more than 25 of the air designed to be supplied by the system is to spaces that are
designed to be humidified above 35 oF dew-point temperature to satisfy process needs.
- Systems that serve residential spaces where the system capacity is less than 165,000
Btu/h.
Exceptions (2015):
- Individual fan cooling units with supply capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h and have the
following:
o Have direct expansion cooling coils.
o The total chilled water system capacity minus the capacity of fan units with air
economizers is less than 1,320,000 Btu/h for local water-cooled chilled-water
systems or 1,720,000 Btu/h for air-cooled chilled-water systems.
o The total supply capacity of all fan-cooling units without economizers shall not
exceed 20% or 300,000 Btu/h, whichever is greater.
- Where more than 25 of the air designed to be supplied by the system is to spaces that are
designed to be humidified above 35 oF dew-point temperature to satisfy process needs.
- Systems that serve residential spaces where the system capacity is less than 8,600,000
Btu/h.
- Systems expected to operate less than 20 hours per week.
- Where the use of outdoor air for cooling will affect supermarket open refrigerated
casework systems.
- Chilled-water cooling systems that are passive or use induction where the total chilled
water system capacity minus the capacity of fan units with air economizers is less than
1,320,000 Btu/h for local water-cooled chilled-water systems or 1,720,000 Btu/h for air-
cooled chilled-water systems.
- Systems that include a heat recover system in accordance with Section C403.4.5 of IECC
2015.

193 Complex HVAC systems are defined as all systems listed in Tables C403.2.3(1) through C403.2.3(8) which cannot be categorized
as either unitary or packaged.
194 Section C403.3.1 of IECC 2012

Appendix B 259

4.3. Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)
Section C403.2.6.1 of IECC 2015195 states that Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) is required for
spaces greater than 500 ft2, and an average occupant load of 25 people per 1000 ft2, and served
by systems with one or more of the following:
1) An air-side economizer.
2) Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper.
3) A design outdoor airflow greater than 3,000 cfm.
This measure is only eligible when the above conditions are not met or when the system meets
one of the following exceptions.
- Systems with energy recovery (ERV) complying with Section C403.2.7 of IECC 2015196.
- Multiple-zone systems without direct digital control (DDC) of individual zones
communicating with a central control panel.
- System with a design outdoor airflow less than 1,200 cfm.
- Spaces where the supply airflow rate minus any makeup or outgoing transfer air
requirement is less than 1,200 cfm.
- Ventilation provided for process loads only.
4.4. Supply Air Temperature Reset Controls
Section C403.4.4.5 of IECC 2015197 states that multiple-zone systems shall include an automatic
supply-air temperature reset in response to building loads or outdoor air temperature. The control
reset shall be capable of adjusting the supply air temperature not less than 25% of the difference
between the design supply air temperature and the design room air temperature. This measure
is only eligible when the system meets one of the following exceptions:
- Systems that prevent reheating, recooling or mixing of heated and cooled supply air.
- 75% of the energy for reheating is from site-recovered or site-solar energy sources.
- Zones with peak supply air quantities less than 300 cfm.
4.5. Chilled Water Reset Controls
Section C403.4.2.4 item 1 of IECC 2015198 Chilled water reset controls are required for all
hydronic systems greater than or equal to 500,000 Btu/h (300,000 Btu/h for IECC 2012) in design
output capacity supplying heated or chilled water to comfort conditioning systems.
195 Section C403.2.5.1 of IECC 2012
196 Section C403.2.5.1 of IECC 2012
197 Section C403.4.5.4 of IECC 2012
198 Section C403.4.3.4 item 1 of IECC 2012

Appendix B 260

This measure is only eligible on hydronic systems less than 500,000 Btu/h (300,000 Btu/h for
IECC 2012) in design output capacity.
4.6. Condenser Water Reset Controls
Section C403.5.1 of IECC 2015 states that the refrigeration system condenser shall have control
logic to reset the condensing temperature setpoint according to the ambient dry-bulb temperature
for air-cooled condensers, and the ambient wet-bulb temperature for evaporatively cooled
condensers. Note, this measure is not required by IECC 2012.
This measure is only eligible for projects that are not required to meet the standards of IECC
2015.