20180625IPC to Staff Attachment 18.PDF

Chapter Title i
Technical Reference Manual 1.7

Prepared for
Idaho Power Company

Prepared by:

ADM Associates, Inc.
3239 Ramos Circle
Sacramento, CA 95827
[phone]

i
Table of Contents
1. Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method ....................................................12
1.1. Purpose ....................................................................................................................12
1.2. Methodology and Framework ....................................................................................12
1.3. Weather Data Used for Weather Sensitive Measures ...............................................13
1.4. Peak Demand Savings and Peak Demand Window Definition ..................................15
1.5. Description of Prototypical Building Simulation Models .............................................16
1.6. Application of Stacking Effects in the TRM ................................................................17
2. Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings Measures ..............................................20
2.1. Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) .......................................21
2.2. Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction).........................................................36
2.3. Efficient Vending Machines .......................................................................................39
2.4. Vending Machine Controls ........................................................................................42
2.5. Efficient Washing Machines ......................................................................................47
2.6. Wall Insulation ..........................................................................................................50
2.7. Ceiling Insulation .......................................................................................................58
2.8. Reflective Roof..........................................................................................................66
2.9. Efficient Windows ......................................................................................................70
2.10. HVAC Controls..........................................................................................................79
2.11. Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems .............................................96
2.12. High Efficiency Air Conditioning .............................................................................. 100
2.13. High Efficiency Heat Pumps .................................................................................... 109
2.14. High Efficiency Chillers ........................................................................................... 118
2.15. Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) ................................................................ 125
2.16. Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) ............................................. 129
2.17. Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) .............................................. 132
2.18. Water-Side Economizers ........................................................................................ 141
2.19. Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers .............................................................................. 143
2.20. Kitchen: Ice Machines ............................................................................................. 149
2.21. Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers ................................................................................ 153

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2.22. Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases ............................................................. 158
2.23. Refrigeration: ASH Controls .................................................................................... 161
2.24. Refrigeration: Auto-Closer ....................................................................................... 164
2.25. Refrigeration: Condensers ...................................................................................... 167
2.26. Refrigeration: Controls ............................................................................................ 169
2.27. Refrigeration: Door Gasket ..................................................................................... 173
2.28. Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans ................................................................................. 176
2.29. Refrigeration: Insulation .......................................................................................... 187
2.30. Refrigeration: Night Covers ..................................................................................... 190
2.31. Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass .................................................................................. 192
2.32. PC Management Software ...................................................................................... 194
2.33. Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) .................................................. 196
3. Appendix A: Document Revision History ................................................................... 200

iii
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Map of Idaho Power Company Service Territory .....................................................13
Figure 1-2 Map Illustrating ASHRAE Weather Zones ...............................................................14
Figure 1-3 Comparison of Monthly Average Temperatures ......................................................14
Figure 1-4 Hypothetical Hourly Savings Profile Used to Illustrate Calculation of Coincidence
Factor ...............................................................................................................................15

iv
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Stacking Effect Discount Factors ..............................................................................18
Table 2-1 Typical Savings Estimates for 10% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement (New
Construction) ....................................................................................................................21
Table 2-2 Typical Savings Estimates for 20% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement ....................21
Table 2-3 Typical Savings Estimates for >= 30% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement ...............22
Table 2-4 Typical Savings Estimates for Daylighting Controls (New Construction) ...................22
Table 2-5 Typical Savings Estimates for Occupancy Sensors (New Construction) ...................22
Table 2-6 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Exit Signs.....................................................23
Table 2-7 Stipulated Lighting Hours of Use (HOU) by Building Type ........................................26
Table 2-8 Baseline Lighting Power Densities By Building Type – Building Area Method ...........27
Table 2-9 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method ...............................28
Table 2-10 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method.................................30
Table 2-11 Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors by Building Type and Weather Zone ........32
Table 2-12 Peak Demand Coincidence Factors by Building Type ............................................33
Table 2-13 Controls Savings Factors by Building and Control Type .........................................34
Table 2-14 Stipulated Fixture Wattages for Various LED Exit Signs .........................................35
Table 2-15 Typical Savings Estimates for 15% Exterior Lighting LPD Improvement (New
Construction) ....................................................................................................................36
Table 2-16 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Tradable Surfaces .......................38
Table 2-17 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Non-Tradable Surfaces ...............38
Table 2-18 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Vending Machines .....................................39
Table 2-19 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines - Retrofit ................................41
Table 2-20 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines – New Construction ...............41
Table 2-21 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Beverage Vending Machine Controls ....42
Table 2-22 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Other Cold Product Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................42
Table 2-23 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Non-Cooled Snack Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................43
Table 2-24 Unit Energy Savings for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls ................................44
Table 2-25 Unit Energy Savings for Retrofit Class A & B Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................45

v
Table 2-26 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction Class A Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................45
Table 2-27 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction Class B Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................45
Table 2-28 Unit Incremental Cost for Retrofit and New Construction Uncooled Vending Machine
Controls ............................................................................................................................46
Table 2-29 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Washing Machines ..................47
Table 2-30 Unit Energy Savings for Laundromat Efficient Washing Machines ..........................49
Table 2-31 Unit Energy Savings for Multifamily Efficient Washing Machines ............................49
Table 2-32 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling Only) .................................50
Table 2-33 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling & Heating) .........................51
Table 2-34 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation - Retrofit ............................................53
Table 2-35 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation – New Construction ...........................53
Table 2-36 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 5 ....54
Table 2-37 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 6 ....54
Table 2-38 Stipulated Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type ..............................55
Table 2-39 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type .........................................................56
Table 2-40 Heating and Cooling Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type ............57
Table 2-41 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling Only) .............................58
Table 2-42 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling & Heating) .....................59
Table 2-43 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation - Retrofit .........................................61
Table 2-44 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation – New Construction .......................61
Table 2-45 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 5 .......................62
Table 2-46 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 6 .......................62
Table 2-47 Base Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type .....................................63
Table 2-48 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type .........................................................64
Table 2-49 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type .............................65
Table 2-50 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Low-Slope Roof (2:12 or less) Reflective
Roof ..................................................................................................................................66
Table 2-51 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Steep-Slope Roof (>2:12) Reflective Roof
..........................................................................................................................................66
Table 2-52 Unit Energy Savings for Low-Slope (<= 2:12) Reflective Roof ................................68
Table 2-53 Unit Energy Savings for Steep-Slope (> 2:12) Reflective Roof ...............................69

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Table 2-54 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Cooling Only) ............................70
Table 2-55 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Heating and Cooling) .................71
Table 2-56 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling Only) ...........................71
Table 2-57 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling and Heating) ...............71
Table 2-58 Retrofit Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft. ......................................................................73
Table 2-59 New Construction Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft. ......................................................74
Table 2-60 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for each Building Type ...........................................75
Table 2-61 Baseline U-Factor and SHGC for Each Building .....................................................76
Table 2-62 Average Heating/Cooling COP ...............................................................................76
Table 2-63 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type .............................77
Table 2-64 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type .........................................................78
Table 2-65 Typical Savings Estimates for Air-Side Economizer Only (New and Repair) ...........79
Table 2-66 Typical Savings Estimates for Demand Controlled Ventilation Only ........................80
Table 2-67 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 2 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................80
Table 2-68 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 4 Strategies Implemented
..........................................................................................................................................80
Table 2-69 HVAC System Types ..............................................................................................81
Table 2-70 EMS Measures .......................................................................................................81
Table 2-71 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 5 .....................................84
Table 2-72 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 5 .....................86
Table 2-73 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 6 .....................................88
Table 2-74 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 6 .....................90
Table 2-75 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5 ..................92
Table 2-76 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5 ..92
Table 2-77 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6 ..................93
Table 2-78 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6 ..93
Table 2-79 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 5 ...........................................94
Table 2-80 Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 5 ...........................94
Table 2-81 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 6 ...........................................95
Table 2-82 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 6 ....................95
Table 2-83 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (w/o Housekeeping Set-Backs) ....................96

vii
Table 2-84 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (With Housekeeping Set-Backs) ..................96
Table 2-85 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (Average) .....................................................97
Table 2-86 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems - Retrofit .................................................98
Table 2-87 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction ................................99
Table 2-88 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – Base to CEE Tier 1
........................................................................................................................................ 100
Table 2-89 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – CEE Tier 1 to CEE
Tier 2 .............................................................................................................................. 100
Table 2-90 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – Retrofit Baseline to CEE Tier 1 .......... 103
Table 2-91 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2009) Baseline
to CEE Tier 1 .................................................................................................................. 103
Table 2-92 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2009) Baseline
to CEE Tier 1 .................................................................................................................. 104
Table 2-93 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – CEE Tier 1 to CEE Tier 2 ................... 104
Table 2-94 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Cooling and Heating Hours (EFLH) by Building Type
........................................................................................................................................ 105
Table 2-95 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ....................................................... 106
Table 2-96 CEE Minimum Efficiencies by Unit Type for All Tiers ............................................ 107
Table 2-97 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Cooling Only) ................................................................................................................. 109
Table 2-98 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Heating Only) ................................................................................................................. 109
Table 2-99 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Heating And Cooling) ..................................................................................................... 110
Table 2-100 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Cooling Only) ................................................................................................................. 110
Table 2-101 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Heating Only) ................................................................................................................. 110
Table 2-102 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Heating and Cooling) ..................................................................................................... 111
Table 2-103 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit base to CEE Tier 1
........................................................................................................................................ 113
Table 2-104 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – New Construction base to
CEE Tier 1 ...................................................................................................................... 114
Table 2-105 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2 .......... 115

viii
Table 2-106 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type ......................... 115
Table 2-107 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ..................................................... 116
Table 2-108 CEE Baseline Efficiency by Unit Type ................................................................ 117
Table 2-109 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Chillers ........................................ 118
Table 2-110 Deemed Measure Savings for Retrofit ................................................................ 120
Table 2-111 Deemed Measure Savings for New Construction ................................................ 120
Table 2-112 Minimum Efficiency Requirements ...................................................................... 121
Table 2-113 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type ......................... 122
Table 2-114 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type ..................................................... 123
Table 2-115 Code Baseline COP and IPLV by Unit Type ....................................................... 124
Table 2-116 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (All) ..................................... 125
Table 2-117 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Direct) ............................... 126
Table 2-118 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Indirect) ............................. 126
Table 2-119 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 5 ........................ 127
Table 2-120 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 6 ........................ 128
Table 2-121 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Chillers) ..... 129
Table 2-122 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Refrigeration
Systems) ......................................................................................................................... 129
Table 2-123 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) .. 131
Table 2-124 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Chilled Water Pumps,
Condensing Water Pumps, and Cooling Tower Fans ...................................................... 132
Table 2-125 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Fans & Hot Water
Pumps ............................................................................................................................ 132
Table 2-126 Stipulated Hours of Use for Commercial HVAC Motors ...................................... 135
Table 2-127 Stipulated Energy Savings Factors (ESF) for Commercial HVAC VFD Installations
........................................................................................................................................ 138
Table 2-128 Typical Savings Estimates for Water-Side Economizers ..................................... 141
Table 2-129 Water Side Economizer Savings ........................................................................ 142
Table 2-130 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (< 30 ft3) ............... 143
Table 2-131 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (30 to 50 ft3) ......... 143
Table 2-132 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (< 30 ft3) ..................... 144
Table 2-133 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (30 to 50 ft3) ............... 144
Table 2-134 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 15 to 30 cu.ft .................................. 146

ix
Table 2-135 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 30 to 50 cu.ft. ................................. 146
Table 2-136 List of Incremental Cost Data For Refrigerators and Freezers. ........................... 147
Table 2-137 List of Materials Cost Data for Refrigerators and Freezers. ................................ 148
Table 2-138 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (<200 lbs/day) ................................ 149
Table 2-139 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (>200 lbs/day) ................................ 149
Table 2-140 Unit Energy Savings for Ice Machine .................................................................. 151
Table 2-141 Unit Incremental Cost for Ice Machines .............................................................. 152
Table 2-142 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Commercial Dishwashers (All Electric)... 153
Table 2-143 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Commercial Dishwashers (Gas Heater with
Electric Booster) .............................................................................................................. 153
Table 2-144 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Residential Dishwashers (All Electric) .... 154
Table 2-145 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Residential Dishwashers (Gas Heater with
Electric Booster) .............................................................................................................. 154
Table 2-146 Idle Rate Requirements for Low Temperature Dishwashers ............................... 154
Table 2-147 Idle Rate Requirements for High Temperature Dishwashers .............................. 155
Table 2-148 Coincidence Factor for Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 118 ................................ 156
Table 2-149 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for All Electric Kitchen: Efficient
Dishwashers ................................................................................................................... 156
Table 2-150 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for Gas Heater with Electric Booster
Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers ........................................................................................ 157
Table 2-151 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigerated Cases ............................... 158
Table 2-152 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigerated Cases ......................................... 160
Table 2-153 Typical Savings Estimates for ASH Controls ...................................................... 161
Table 2-154 Connected Load for Typical Reach-In Case ....................................................... 163
Table 2-155 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Low-Temp)...................... 164
Table 2-156 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Med-Temp) ..................... 164
Table 2-157 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Low-Temp) ................... 165
Table 2-158 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Med-Temp) ................... 165
Table 2-159 Unit Energy and Demand Savings Estimates ..................................................... 166
Table 2-160 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser ...... 167
Table 2-161 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser ................................. 168
Table 2-162 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Suction Pressure Controls (Only) ........... 170
Table 2-163 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head Pressure Controls (Only) .............. 170

x
Table 2-164 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head and Suction Pressure Controls ..... 170
Table 2-165 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for Retrofit Projects ....................... 172
Table 2-166 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for New Construction Projects ...... 172
Table 2-167 Typical Savings Estimates for Door Gaskets ...................................................... 173
Table 2-168 Unit Energy Savings for Door Gaskets ............................................................... 175
Table 2-169 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in and Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls ... 176
Table 2-170 Typical Savings Estimates for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Motors ........................... 176
Table 2-171 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in Evaporator Fan Motors ......................... 177
Table 2-172 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Reach-ins............................. 179
Table 2-173 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Reach-ins ............................................ 180
Table 2-174 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Reach-
ins ................................................................................................................................... 180
Table 2-175 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Walk-ins ............................... 181
Table 2-176 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-ins ............................................... 182
Table 2-177 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-ins
........................................................................................................................................ 183
Table 2-178 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls ......... 184
Table 2-179 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-in
Evaporator Fan Controls ................................................................................................. 186
Table 2-180 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Medium-Temperature
Coolers ........................................................................................................................... 187
Table 2-181 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Low-Temperature
Freezers.......................................................................................................................... 187
Table 2-182 Unit Energy Savings for Suction Line Insulation.................................................. 189
Table 2-183 Typical Savings Estimates for Night Covers ....................................................... 190
Table 2-184 Unit Energy Savings for Refrigeration: Night Covers .......................................... 191
Table 2-185 Typical Savings Estimates for Low/No Heat Doors ............................................. 192
Table 2-186 Stipulated Energy and Demand Savings Estimates for “No-Heat Glass” ............ 193
Table 2-187 Typical Savings Estimates for PC Power Management Software ....................... 194
Table 2-188 Unit Energy Savings for PC Power Management Software ................................. 195
Table 2-189 Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) ............................................. 196
Table 2-190 Deemed Per/HP savings values ......................................................................... 198
Table 2-191 Coefficients for Process Loading Factors (Fi) Curve-Fits .................................... 198

xi
Table 2-192 Coincidence Factors ........................................................................................... 199
Table 3-1Document Revision History ..................................................................................... 201

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 12
1. Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method
This Technical Reference Manual (TRM) is a compilation of stipulated algorithms and values for
various energy efficiency measures implemented by Idaho Power Company's commercial
demand side management programs and serves the Building Efficiency and Easy Upgrades
programs by providing up to date savings estimates for the energy efficiency measures offered
by the programs. This manual is intended to facilitate the cost effectiveness screening, planning,
tracking, and energy savings reporting for the Building Efficiency and Easy Upgrades Energy
Efficiency incentive programs. While the algorithms and stipulated values contained in this TRM
are derived using best practices, the stipulated values should be reviewed and revised
according to relevant industry research and impact evaluation findings as necessary to ensure
that they remain accurate for the Building Efficiency and Easy Upgrades programs. The
following sections describe many of the processes and cross-cutting assumptions used to
derive the measure level savings estimates found in Section 2.
1.1. Purpose
This manual is intended to facilitate the cost effectiveness screening, planning, tracking, and
energy savings reporting for the Building Efficiency and Easy Upgrades energy efficiency
incentive programs. This document is intended to be a living document in which the stipulated
values are revised according to relevant industry research and impact evaluation findings.
1.2. Methodology and Framework
The algorithms and stipulated values contained in this TRM are derived using current industry
standard engineering best practices. Current relevant research, recent impact evaluations, and
Technical Reference Manuals developed for other states and/or regions are referenced where
appropriate. All energy savings algorithms in this TRM are designed to be applied using the
simple engineering formulas defined for each measure in conjunction with the included
stipulated values.
Each measure is presented first with a summary of the technology and typical expected (per
unit) energy savings, expected useful life, and incremental cost estimates. The ‘typical’ per unit
values leverage basic assumptions regarding the geographic distribution of program participants
(e.g. weather zone) as well as participant demographics (for example distribution of building
types, efficiency of current building stock, etc.). Each measure is accompanied by a
spreadsheet calculator containing live formulas and all weights used to derive the typical per-
unit estimates. It is expected that as better information is made available regarding program
participants, or as program designs are adjusted these numbers will be updated accordingly.
Following the measure summary information, each measure section provides a description of its
scope and the spectrum of eligible projects/equipment to which the algorithms and values apply.
When applicable, a discussion of code compliance topics (for new construction projects) is
included.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 13
1.3. Weather Data Used for Weather Sensitive Measures
The service territory for Idaho Power Company covers much of southern Idaho and stretches
into eastern Oregon. This is illustrated in Figure 1-1.In order to normalize expected annual
energy savings and peak demand reductions for annual variations in weather patterns, all
stipulated values for weather sensitive measures were derived using the industry standard
Typical Meteorological Year (TMY3) weather data. While there are many weather stations in
Idaho for which TMY3 data is available, it was determined that averaging the TMY3 weather
across stations in two ASHRAE weather zones (zones 5 and 6) provided sufficient resolution
without adding too many separate variations for stipulated values reported in the TRM.

Figure 1-1 Map of Idaho Power Company Service Territory1
All stipulated values for weather sensitive measures (e.g. Equivalent Full Load Cooling Hours)
are based on ‘typical’ weather data and provided separately for each of these two weather
zones. A map of the ASHRAE weather zones is provided in Figure 1-2. When separate savings
estimates are provided for different weather zones, the project location should be used to
determine which of the values are applicable. The ‘typical’ energy savings values reported at the
beginning of each measure’s section assumes a weighted average between the two weather
zones using weights of 80% and 20% for Zones 5 and 6 respectively.

1 Map represents service territory at the time of this publication.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 14

Figure 1-2 Map Illustrating ASHRAE Weather Zones2

While reviewing the weather data it was noted that while both weather zones are 'heating
dominated' Weather Zone 6 is on average cooler that Weather Zone 5. Therefore, energy
conservation measures targeting heating efficiency tend to perform much better in Zone 6.
However; measures which result in a heating penalty tend to perform better in Zone 5. Monthly
average dry bulb temperatures are compared for both weather zones in

Figure 1-3 Comparison of Monthly Average Temperatures

2 Note how Idaho is bisected by Zones 5 and 6

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 15
1.4. Peak Demand Savings and Peak Demand Window Definition
Where applicable peak demand savings estimates are derived using Idaho Power Company's
peak period definition of: weekdays from 12:00 PM to 8:00 PM, June 1 through August 31.
Hourly savings estimates are averaged over the aforementioned time period to report peak
savings.
Coincidence Factors for Lighting
Coincidence factors are defined as the percentage of the demand savings which occur during
Idaho Power Company’s peak period (defined above). When hourly data are available these are
calculated by averaging the hourly demand savings over the peak period definition. This is
exemplified in Figure 1-4 which illustrates a hypothetical hourly savings profile. The highlighted
region bounds the peak period definition and the CF is calculated by taking the average demand
reduction during that period divided by the max demand reduction

Figure 1-4 Hypothetical Hourly Savings Profile Used to Illustrate Calculation of Coincidence
Factor
Thus in the example above let’s suppose that the maximum Demand savings are 10 kW and the
average kW reduction in the shaded area is 6 kW. The coincidence factor is calculated as
follows: 𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟= 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= 6 𝑘𝑊10 𝑘𝑊= .6

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
De
m
a
n
d

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

(
k
W
)
Hour Of The Day
Maximum Demand Savings
Peak Demand Window

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 16
1.5. Description of Prototypical Building Simulation Models
The estimated energy impacts for many of the measures in this TRM were developed using the
help of building energy simulation modeling. All of the building simulations were performed
using the DOE2.2 simulation software to simulation prototypical building models developed for
the Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER). A complete description of these models
can be found in the DEER final report – though some aspects will be heighted here as they
relate to the TRM.3
5 different vintages of 23 non-residential prototypical building models were developed for the
DEER. These models include the following:
 Assembly,
 Education – Primary School,
 Education – Secondary School,
 Education – Community College,
 Education – University,
 Education – Relocatable Classroom,
 Grocery,
 Health/Medical – Hospital,
 Health/Medical – Nursing Home,
 Lodging – Hotel,
 Lodging – Motel,
 Manufacturing – Bio/Tech,
 Manufacturing – Light Industrial,
 Office – Large,
 Office – Small,
 Restaurant – Sit-Down,
 Restaurant – Fast-Food,
 Retail – 3-Story Large,
 Retail – Single-Story Large,
 Retail – Small,
 Storage – Conditioned,
 Storage – Unconditioned, and
 Storage – Refrigerated Warehouse.
A complete set of these models was pulled from the DEER for use in simulating various weather
sensitive measures (including heating and cooling interactive factors for lighting). All simulations
were run using the (2) Idaho specific weather data-set described in Section 1.3 for the buildings
for which a measure was applicable. The hourly results were then compiled and typically
normalized using the building conditioned area (ft2) or installed cooling/heating capacity (Tons).
3 Southern California Edision, Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) Update Study. 2005

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 17
Note that the newest vintage of a building type was selected for simulating impacts for new
construction while the most applicable vintage was selected for retrofit.4
1.6. Application of Stacking Effects in the TRM
Often energy conservation projects involve ‘packages’ of measures implemented together. As
measures are ‘stacked’ on top of one another the each add to the overall project energy
savings, however; individual measure impacts are not always directly additive. This is because,
unless otherwise noted, the ‘typical’ savings values reported within this TRM assume that the
measure is implemented on its own, and do not presuppose the presence of other measures
which may interact with the measure(s) installed (or simply improve the baseline equipment
onto which the measure is installed). For example; let’s assume that a particular project involved
the following energy conservation measures:
Order Implemented Measure Expected Savings End-Use
2 High Efficiency Chilled 3% Pumps & Auxiliary
The first thing to note is that the first and third measures both impact the same end-use
(cooling) while the second measure impacts the pumps & auxiliary end-use. This is important
because measures generally interact with other measures applied to the same end-use. Thus, it
is often safe to add energy savings for measures impacting different end-uses but problematic
to add energy savings for measures impacting the same. In our example the waterside
economizer interacts directly with the high efficiency chiller but less so with the pumps. When
assessing the overall energy impacts for this project we must presuppose the presence of the
high efficiency chiller in our baseline for the waterside economizer. This would look something
like the following: 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒1 =𝑘𝑊ℎ𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒∗𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒1 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒2 = 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑠 & 𝐴𝑢𝑥 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒∗𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒2 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒3 =(𝑘𝑊ℎ𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒∗𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒1)∗𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒3
Notice how the energy savings calculations for Measure 3 (the waterside economizer) subtract
out the impacts of Measure 1 (the high efficiency chiller) before applying SavMeasure3. This must
be done for all interacting measures in a project in order to prevent double counting energy
impacts. One thing to note in this example is that had the waterside economizer been installed
on a completely separate chiller (and one which was not impacted by the first measure) then the
considerations discussed would not be needed as the two measures no longer interact. It is also
important to note that while the measures provided in this example only impact a single end-use
some measures have non-negligible impacts on multiple end-uses that must be considered. An
4 The specific vintage selected was a function of the expected distribution of buildings of that type in the Idaho Power Service
Territory.

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 18
example of such a measure is HVAC – Controls. Measures of this nature, where included in this
TRM, have been designed to account for their interactions implicitly within the algorithms listed
in the measure chapter. Measures for which interactive effects are already accounted are:
1) High efficiency lighting and lighting controls
2) HVAC Controls
All other measures in this TRM have been assigned an end-use which represents its primary
impact. The user should be cognizant of these end-uses and only add measure savings (in
projects involving multiple measures) when the end-uses are different or it is know with certainty
that the measures impact totally separate pieces of equipment on that end-use. If n measures
are identified to be installed and will impact the same equipment on the same end-use the
following equation shall be used: 𝐸𝑆𝑎𝑣=𝑘𝑊ℎ𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒∗(1 −(1 −𝑆𝑎𝑣1)∗(1 −𝑆𝑎𝑣2)∗…∗(1 −𝑆𝑎𝑣1)
Where: 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 Baseline annual energy use of the affected equipment 𝑆𝑎𝑣1,2,3,…,𝑛 The relative savings (% reduction) expected from the energy efficiency measure
If the relative measure savings (% reduction) or the baseline annual energy use is unknown and
the above equation cannot be used then the following conservative discount factors should be
applied (multiplied) to the savings estimates for each measure according to the order
implemented.
Table 1-1 Stacking Effect Discount Factors
Order Discount
1 1
2 .85
3 .74
4 .67
5 .62
6 .59

Application of Table 1-1 can be illustrated using the (3) measure example project discussed at
the beginning of this section. For this example let’s assume that the individual measure savings
(as calculated by the TRM chapters) are as follows:

Overview and Purpose of Deemed Savings Method 19

Order Measure Relative
Savings End-Use
Individual
Energy Table 1-1
Factor
Stacked
Energy
1 High Efficiency 10% Cooling 300,000 kWh 1 300,000 kWh
2 High Efficiency Chilled Water 3% Pumps &
Auxiliary 25,000 kWh 1 25,000 kWh
3 Water-side 5% Cooling 50,000 kWh .85 42,500 kWh
Project Total :

Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings Measures 20
2. Commercial and Industrial Deemed Savings
Measures
This chapter contains the protocols and stipulated values for commercial and industrial
measures covered by this TRM. Spreadsheets were developed for each measure and contain
any calculations used to derive stipulated values (or deemed savings estimates). Each measure
is presented first with a summary of the technology and typical expected (per unit) energy
savings, expected useful life, and incremental cost estimates. The ‘typical’ per unit values
leverage basic assumptions regarding the geographic distribution of program participants (e.g.
weather zone) as well as participant demographics (for example distribution of building types,
efficiency of current building stock, etc.) and are intended for use in cost effectiveness screening
– not as deemed savings estimates (given their generality). Where applicable, deemed savings
estimates are provided for various scenario in tables at the end of each measure’s section.
Each measure is accompanied by a spreadsheet calculator containing live formulas and all
weights used to derive the typical per-unit estimates. It is expected that as better information is
made available regarding program participants, or as program designs are adjusted these
numbers will be updated accordingly. Following the measure summary information, each
measure section provides a description of its scope and the spectrum of eligible
projects/equipment to which the algorithms and values apply. When applicable, a discussion of
code compliance topics (for new construction projects) is included. It should also be noted that
while savings estimates are provided for a multitude of measures (both for retrofit and new
construction) a custom engineering analysis should be preferred for significantly large projects
when possible. This is particularly true for projects involving VFDs, HVAC controls, and/or large
‘packages’ of multiple measures.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 21
2.1. Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to interior lighting systems installed in
commercial and industrial spaces which are more efficient than required by prevailing codes
and standards. This measure applies only to projects which represent new construction or major
renovations.5 The following tables summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ft2) energy impacts for
lighting power density improvements and controls additions. Typical values are based on the
algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past program participants. 6
Table 2-1 Typical Savings Estimates for 10% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement (New
Construction)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a .51 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a .11 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 14.3 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0.26
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-2 Typical Savings Estimates for 20% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 1.03 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a .23 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 14.3 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0.51
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

5 Major renovations are defined to be any renovation or facility expansion project in which building permits were required and the
lighting system had to be demonstrated to comply with a particular code or standard.
6 See spreadsheet “1-TypicalCalcs_HighEffLight.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 22
Table 2-3 Typical Savings Estimates for >= 30% Interior Lighting LPD Improvement7
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 2.33 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a .52 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 14.3 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0..89
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-4 Typical Savings Estimates for Daylighting Controls (New Construction)8
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a .94 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a .24 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 14.3 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0.91
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-5 Typical Savings Estimates for Occupancy Sensors (New Construction)9
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a Sensor
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 366 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 87 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 8 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $38.26
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

7 Note that the values listed for this measure assume the “typical” improvement in this category is a 45% reduction in interior LPD.
This is based on observed lighting load reductions from past program participants. Note that an average % reduction was taken for
participants whose LPD reduction fell within this category.
8 Assumes that the half of the projects will also have a 10% reduction in the lighting power densities which reduce the savings
potential for this measure.
9 See previous footnote

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 23
Table 2-6 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Exit Signs
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a Sign
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 28 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 3.6 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 16 Years
Average Incremental Cost n/a $10.83
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a
2.1.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All above-code interior lighting systems (fixtures, lamps, ballasts, etc.) are eligible. Eligibility is
determined by calculating the lighting power density (LPD) for the installed system. If the LPD is
at least 10% lower than allowed by code (see Section 2.1.2) then the system is eligible. Efficient
equipment may include florescent fixtures, LED lamps, LED exit signs, compact florescent light
bulbs, high intensity discharge lamps, etc.
In addition to efficient lighting fixtures, lighting controls are eligible under this measure. Eligible
controls include: occupancy sensors (wall mounted and fixture mounted), daylighting controls,
dimmers, and bi-level switches. Lighting controls are only eligible when not already required by
the building code standard to which a project is permitted.
2.1.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the new construction scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
n/a
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as an installed lighting system with a maximum
allowable LPD. The maximum allowable LPD is defined by the building code according to which
the project was permitted. Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and
90.1-2007.
Two paths are available for code compliance – the Building Area Method (ASHRAE 90.1,
Section 9.5) and the Space-by-Space Method (ASHRAE 90.1, Section 9.6). Either can be used
to determine baseline power density provided it is consistent with the method used by the
project for code compliance.
Code Compliance Considerations for Lighting Controls
Section 9.4.1 Of the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard specifys mandatory automatic lighting controls for
buildings greater than 5000 ft2 and in certain space types (See Section 9.4.1.2). If the building

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 24
or space is not exempt from these mandatory provisions then the least efficient mandatory
control strategy shall be assumed as baseline equipment. Note that prescriptive lighting control
requirements are the same between the 2004 and 2007 versions of Standard 90.1.
2.1.3. Algorithms
Two sets of algorithms are provided for this measure. The first are algorithms for Lighting Power
Density (LPD) reductions and/or for the addition of lighting controls. The second set of
algorithms are included for high efficiency exit signs (which are treated separately by ASHRAE
90.1):
Algorithm 1 (Lighting Power Density Reduction and Controls Additions):
The above equations for ΔkWh and ΔkW can be simplified the following if a project involves only
a lighting power density reduction or lighting controls addition:
Power density reduction only: ΔkWh = ASF * [LPDbase - LPDInstalled] * HOU * HCIFEnergy
Controls installation only: ΔkWh = ASF * LPDInstalled * CSF * HOU * HCIFEnergy

Algorithm 2 (High Efficiency Exit Signs):
= * 8760 *
= * NSigns
2.1.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
HOU Annual operating hours for the lighting system. Values for various building
types are stipulated in Table 2-7. When available, actual system hours of
LPD Lighting power density baseline (base) and installed (meas) systems. This is defined as the total lighting system connected load divided by the lighted

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 25
Table 2-8. When using the Space-By-Space method the LPD is defined by Error! Reference source not found.
W Exit Sign base and installed wattage. Note that the base wattage is defined
by ASHRAE 90.1 to be 5 watts. See

CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
HCIF Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors. These account for the secondary impacts reductions in internal loads effect on HVAC systems by
representing the expected “typical’ impacts a reduction in the lighting power density will effect on electric space conditioning equipment.
CSF Controls Savings Fachours of use (HOU) due do installed lighting controls. Stipulated values for
kWh/UnitTypical
kWh/Unitbuilding, i Typical measure savings for building type i on a per unit basis. Uses the
baseline LPD for building type i as defined in
Table 2-8. Measure LPD for building i is defined as the average installed
Wbuilding,i Population weight for building type i. This is defined footage of building type i in past program participants divided by the total
2.1.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
 Regional Technical Forum, draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-Residential
Lighting improvements,
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%201
2-6-2012.xlsx
 California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.10
 California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
 Acker, B., Van Den Wymelenberg, K., 2010. Measurement and Verification of
Daylighting Photocontrols; Technical Report 20090205-01, Integrated Design Lab,
University of Idaho, Boise, ID.
10 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 26
2.1.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-7 Stipulated Lighting Hours of Use (HOU) by Building Type 11
Building Type Hours of Use
Automotive Repair 4,056
College or University 2,300
Exterior 24 Hour Operation 8,760
Hospital 5,000
Industrial Plant with One Shift 2,250
Industrial Plant with Two Shifts 4,500
Industrial Plant with Three Shifts 8,400
Library 3,748
Lodging 3,000
Manufacturing 3,300
Office <20,000 sf 2,600
Office 20,000 to 100,000 sf 3,200
Office >100,000 sf 3,500
Other Health, Nursing, Medical Clinic 3,600
Parking Garage 4,368
Restaurant 4,800
Retail Mini Mart 6,500
Retail Boutique <5,000 sf 3,400
Retail 5,000 to 50,000 sf 3,900
Retail Supermarket 6,500
Retail Big Box >50,000 sf One-Story 4,800
Retail Anchor Store >50,000 sf Multistory 4,000
School K-12 2,200

11 The values in this table are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-
Residential Lighting improvements: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%2012-6-
2012.xlsx

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 27
Table 2-8 Baseline Lighting Power Densities By Building Type – Building Area Method 12
Building Area Type 2004 LPD (W/ft2) 2007 LPD (W/ft2)
Automotive facility 0.9 0.9
Convention center 1.2 1.2
Courthouse 1.2 1.2
Dining: bar lounge/leisure 1.3 1.3
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 1.4 1.4
Dining: family 1.6 1.6
Dormitory 1 1
Exercise center 1 1
Gymnasium 1.1 1.1
Health-care clinic 1 1
Hospital 1.2 1.2
Hotel 1 1
Library 1.3 1.3
Manufacturing facility 1.3 1.3
Motel 1 1
Motion picture theater 1.2 1.2
Multifamily 0.7 0.7
Museum 1.1 1.1
Office 1 1
Parking garage 0.3 0.3
Penitentiary 1 1
Performing arts theater 1.6 1.6
Police/fire station 1 1
Post office 1.1 1.1
Religious building 1.3 1.3
Retail 1.5 1.5
School/university 1.2 1.2
Sports arena 1.1 1.1
Town hall 1.1 1.1
Transportation 1 1
Warehouse 0.8 0.8
Workshop 1.4 1.4

12 These values are from Tables 9.5.1 in ASHRAE 90.1 for the Building Area method. Note that values for both 2004 and 2007
versions of Standard 90.1 are included.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 28
Table 2-9 Baseline LPD For Common Spaces - Space-by-Space Method
Common Space Type 13 LPD (W/ft2)
Office-Enclosed 1.1
Office-Open Plan 1.1
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3
Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4
For Penitentiary 1.3
Lobby 1.3
For Hotel 1.1
For Performing Arts Theater 3.3
For Motion Picture Theater 1.1
Audience/Seating Area 0.9
For Gymnasium 0.4
For Exercise Center 0.3
For Convention Center 0.7
For Penitentiary 0.7
For Religious Buildings 1.7
For Sports Arena 0.4
For Performing Arts Theater 2.6
For Motion Picture Theater 1.2
For Transportation 0.5
Atrium—First Three Floors 0.6
Atrium—Each Additional Floor 0.2
Lounge/Recreation 1.2
For Hospital 0.8
Dining Area 0.9
For Penitentiary 1.3
For Hotel 1.3
For Motel 1.2
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 1.4
For Family Dining 2.1
Food Preparation 1.2
Laboratory 1.4
Restrooms 0.9
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6
Corridor/Transition 0.5
For Hospital 1
For Manufacturing Facility 0.5
Stairs—Active 0.6
Active Storage 0.8
13 In cases where both a common space type and a building specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 29
Common Space Type 13 LPD (W/ft2)

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 30
Table 2-10 Baseline LPD for Specific Spaces - Space-by-Space Method
Building Specific Space Types LPD (W/ft2)
Playing Area 1.4
Exercise Area 0.9
Courtroom 1.9
Confinement Cells 0.9
Judges Chambers 1.3
Fire Station Engine Room 0.8
Sleeping Quarters 0.3
Post Office-Sorting Area 1.2
Convention Center-Exhibit Space 1.3
Card File and Cataloging 1.1
Stacks 1.7
Reading Area 1.2
Emergency 2.7
Recovery 0.8
Nurse Station 1
Exam/Treatment 1.5
Pharmacy 1.2
Patient Room 0.7
Operating Room 2.2
Nursery 0.6
Medical Supply 1.4
Physical Therapy 0.9
Radiology 0.4
Laundry—Washing 0.6
Automotive—Service/Repair 0.7
Low (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.2
High (>25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.7
Detailed Manufacturing 2.1
Equipment Room 1.2
Control Room 0.5
Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 1.1
Dormitory—Living Quarters 1.1
General Exhibition 1
Restoration 1.7
Bank/Office—Banking Activity Area 1.5
Worship Pulpit, Choir 2.4
Fellowship Hall 0.9
Sales Area 1.7
Mall Concourse 1.7
Ring Sports Area 2.7

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 31
Building Specific Space Types LPD (W/ft2)

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 32
Table 2-11 Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors by Building Type and Weather Zone14
Building Type kWh kW kWh kW
Primary School 1.04 1.2 1.03 1.17
Secondary School 1.04 1.14 1.02 1.12
Community College 1.11 1.16 1.08 1.15
University 1.13 1.14 1.14 1.14
Hospital 1.09 1.04 1.08 1.06
Nursing Home 1.09 1.29 1.08 1.26
Hotel 1.15 1.16 1.14 1.15
Motel 15 0.74 1.29 0.66 1.28

14 Factors generated using DOE2.2 simulations based on the prototypical building models developed for the California Database for
Energy Efficiency Resources using weather data based on the two Idaho weather zones. The values in this table make assumptions
regarding ‘typical’ fuel sources and efficiencies for heating and cooling equipment. These numbers represent the expected “typical’
impacts a reduction in the lighting power density will effect on electric space conditioning equipment.
15 Note that these figures assume Motel HVAC systems are either heat-pumps or use electric resistance heating. If it is known that a
particular motel uses gas heating then use the values for Hotel instead.

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 33

Table 2-12 Peak Demand Coincidence Factors by Building Type16
Building Type CF

16 Factors generated using prototypical lighting schedules found in the DEER building models and the definition for the Idaho Power
Company’s peak period (12 pm to 8 pm on weekdays between June 1st and August 31st).

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 34
Table 2-13 Controls Savings Factors by Building and Control Type 17
Space Type Occupancy
Sensor
Daylight
Sensor
Bi-level
Switching
Dimmers, Wireless
on/off
Occupancy
& Daylight
Assembly 36% 36% 6% 6% 40%
Break Room 20% 20% 6% 6% 40%
Classroom 18% 68% 6% 6% 34%
Computer Room 35% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Conference 35% 18% 35% 35% 40%
Dining 35% 18% 6% 6% 40%
Gymnasium 35% 35% 6% 6% 40%
Hallway 15% 15% 6% 6% 34%
Hospital Room 45% 63% 6% 6% 35%
Industrial 45% 72% 35% 35% 40%
Kitchen 30% 0% 6% 6% 34%
Library 15% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Lobby 25% 18% 6% 6% 40%
Lodging (Guest Rooms) 45% 0% 35% 35% 40%
Open Office 22% 29% 35% 35% 40%
Parking Garage 15% 18% 35% 0% 0%
Private Office 22% 29% 35% 35% 40%
Process 45% 0% 6% 6% 34%
Public Assembly 36% 36% 6% 6% 40%
Restroom 40% 0% 6% 6% 40%
Retail 15% 29% 6% 6% 34%
Stairs 25% 0% 0% 0% 18%
Storage 45% 0% 6% 6% 40%
Technical Area 35% 18% 6% 6% 34%
Warehouses 31% 31% 35% 35% 40%
Other 7% 18% 6% 6% 34%

17 The values in this table are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum draft Standard Protocol Calculator for Non-
Residential Lighting improvements: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/comlighting/Lighting%20Calculator_version%2012-6-
2012.xlsx

Efficient Interior Lighting and Controls (New Construction) 35
Table 2-14 Stipulated Fixture Wattages for Various LED Exit Signs
Fixture Description Base Fixture Installed Fixture
LED Exit Sign, 0.5 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 0.5 W
LED Exit Sign, 1.5 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 1.5 W
LED Exit Sign, 2 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 2 W
LED Exit Sign, 3 Watt Lamp, Single Sided 5 W 3 W
LED Exit Sign, 0.5 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 1 W
LED Exit Sign, 1.5 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 3 W
LED Exit Sign, 2 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 4 W
LED Exit Sign, 3 Watt Lamp, Double Sided 10 W 6 W
Other/Unknown LED 5 W 2 W

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 36
2.2. Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to exterior lighting systems installed in
commercial and industrial spaces which are more efficient than required by prevailing codes
and standards. This measure applies only to projects which represent new construction or major
renovations.18 The following table summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ft2) energy impacts for
lighting power density improvements and controls additions. Typical values are based on the
algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past program participants.19
Table 2-15 Typical Savings Estimates for 15% Exterior Lighting LPD Improvement (New
Construction)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit n/a kW (reduced)
Average Unit Energy Savings n/a 4,059 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings n/a 0 W
Expected Useful Life n/a 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 168
Stacking Effect End-Use Exterior Light
2.2.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All above-code Exterior lighting systems (fixtures, lamps, ballasts, etc.) are eligible. Eligibility is
determined by calculating the lighting power density (LPD) for the installed system. If the LPD is
at least 15% lower than allowed by code (see Table 2-16 and Table 2-17) then the system is
eligible. Efficient equipment may include florescent fixtures, LED lamps, LED exit signs,
compact florescent light bulbs, high intensity discharge lamps, etc.
2.2.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the new construction scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
n/a
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as an installed lighting system with a maximum
allowable LPD. The maximum allowable LPD is defined by the building code according to which
18 Major renovations are defined to be any renovation or facility expansion project in which building permits were required and the
lighting system had to be demonstrated to comply with a particular code or standard.
19 See spreadsheet “2-TypicalCalcs_ExtLight.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs.

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 37
the project was permitted. Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and
90.1-2007.
Code Compliance Considerations for Lighting Controls
Sections 9.4.4 and 9.4.5 of the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard specify energy efficiency and lighting
power density requirements for non-exempt exterior lighting. 20 Table 9.4.5 lists the power
density requirements for various building exteriors.
2.2.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWhbase – kWhmeas
= ASF * [LPDbase - LPDmeas * (1 – CSF) ] * HOU
ΔkW = 0
kWh/UnitTypical =Σ (ΔkWh/Unitbuilding i * Wbuilding i)
2.2.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
HOU Stipulated to be 4,059 hours.21
LPD Lighting power density baseline (base) and installed (meas) systems. This
is defined as the total lighting system connected load divided by the lighted area (or as defined by code). See Table 2-16 and Table 2-17
kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
Wbuilding,i Population weight for application type i. This is defined to be the % of application type i in past program participants.
2.2.5. Sources
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
 ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
2.2.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
20 Note that both Section 9.1 and Section 9.4.5 list applicable exemptions.
21 Value is sourced from https://www.idahopower.com/AboutUs/RatesRegulatory/Tariffs/tariffPDF.cfm?id=39

Exterior Lighting Upgrades (New Construction) 38

Table 2-16 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Tradable Surfaces 22
Area Type Location LPD Units
Uncovered Parking Parking Lots and Drives 0.2 W/Ft2
Building Grounds
Building Entrances
and Exits
Main entries 30 W/ Linear Foot of Door
Other Doors 20 W/ Linear Foot of Door
Canopies and Canopies (free standing and attached 1.3 W/Ft2
Outdoor Sales Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in 20 W/ Linear Foot

Table 2-17 Baseline Power Densities for Exterior Lighting – Non-Tradable Surfaces 23
Area Type LPD
Building Facades
Automated teller machines and night 270 W per location plus 90 W per additional ATM per
Entrances and gatehouse inspection
stations at guarded facilities the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable
ambulances and other emergency service the "Canopies and Overhangs" section of "Tradable

22 Lighting power densities for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs
and outdoor sales areas may be traded.
23 Lighting power density calculations can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with
other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowances otherwise permitted in the "Tradable Surfaces"
section of this table.

Efficient Vending Machines 39
2.3. Efficient Vending Machines
ENERGY STAR qualified new and rebuilt vending machines incorporate more efficient
compressors, fan motors, and lighting systems as well as low power mode option that allows the
machine to be placed in low-energy lighting and/or low-energy refrigeration states during times
of inactivity.
Table 2-18 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-18 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Vending Machines24
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,299 kWh 217 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 2.39 kW 0.22 kW
Expected Useful Life 14 Years 14 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost
2.3.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new or rebuilt refrigerated vending machine that meets the ENERGY
STAR 3.0 specifications which include low power mode. Each completed ENERGY STAR
qualified machine shall receive a “refurbishment label/sticker” that includes the following
information to indicate that the machine has been upgraded to ENERGY STAR performance
levels:
- A new and discrete model number that is representative of that machine and rebuilding
kit combination
- The date of rebuilding
- The ENERGY STAR certification mark
2.3.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)

24 See spreadsheet “3-TypicalCalcs_EffVndMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
25
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_code=VMC
26 Cadmus Group: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-2.ppt
27 See previous footnote

Efficient Vending Machines 40
The baseline condition for retrofit is a refrigerated beverage vending machine that isn’t qualified
as Energy Star 3.0.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline condition for new construction is a machine that complies with the Department of
Energy's (DOE) energy conservation standards for refrigerated beverage vending machines
since 2012.
2.3.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * NUnits
kWh/UnitTypical =Σ (ΔkWh/Unit i * Wi)
ΔkW = kW/Unit * NUnits
kW/UnitTypical =Σ (ΔkW/Unit i * Wi)
2.3.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-19 and Table 2-20.
kWh/UnitTypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkWh/Uniti Unit savings for combination i of equipment types.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-19 and Table 2-20.
kW/UnitTypical Typical measure demand savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkW/Uniti Unit demand savings for combination i of equipment types.
W,i Population weight for each ΔkWh/Uniti and ΔkW/Uniti.
NUnits Number of Units
2.3.5. Sources
1. LBNL 2007: http://enduse.lbl.gov/info/LBNL-62397.pdf
2. Cadmus Energy Star Report:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-
2.ppt
3. ENERGY STAR Calculator:
http://search.energystar.gov/search?q=cache:4rntJv_yaV8J:www.energystar.gov/ia/busi
ness/bulk_purchasing/bpsavings_calc/Calc_Vend_MachBulk.xls+xls&access=p&output=

Efficient Vending Machines 41
xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-
8&client=default_frontend&site=default_collection&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&oe
=UTF-8&c4d7-9284
2.3.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-19 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines - Retrofit 28
Vending
Machine
kW Savings Per kW Savings Per
<500 1,848 1.677 1,602 1.453
500 2,567 2.765 2,299 2.476
699 2,162 2.101 1,883 1.83
799 2,712 2.833 2,409 2.516
800+ 1,909 1.447 1,625 1.232

Table 2-20 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Vending Machines – New Construction
Vending Machine kW Savings Per kW Savings Per
<500 66 0.06 168 0.152
500 269 0.289 180 0.194
699 279 0.271 185 0.18
799 304 0.317 199 0.208
800+ 284 0.215 188 0.143

28 See spreadsheet “3-TypicalCalcs_EffVndMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
saving.

Vending Machine Controls 42
2.4. Vending Machine Controls
This measure relates to the installation of new controls on refrigerated beverage vending
machines, non-refrigerated snack vending machines, and glass front refrigerated coolers.
Controls can significantly reduce the energy consumption of vending machine and refrigeration
systems. Qualifying controls must power down these systems during periods of inactivity but, in
the case of refrigerated machines, must always maintain a cool product that meets customer
expectations. This measure relates to the installation of a new control on a new or existing unit.
This measure should not be applied to ENERGY STAR qualified vending machines, as they
already have built-in controls.
Table 2-21 through Table 2-23 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine controlled)
energy impacts for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated
values described below.29
Table 2-21 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Beverage Vending Machine Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 519 kWh 222 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 215.50 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 180
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

Table 2-22 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Other Cold Product Vending Machine
Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 519 kWh 222 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 215.50 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 180
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

29 The Savings estimates provided in the summary tables are only given for a quick cost effectiveness test. The estimates are based
on assumed weights for equipment types. See spreadsheet “4-TypicalCalcs_VndMcnCntrl.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations
used to estimate the typical unit energy savings, EUL, and incremental costs.

Vending Machine Controls 43
Table 2-23 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Non-Cooled Snack Vending Machine
Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled Machine Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 387 kWh 387 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 5 Years 5 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 108 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 75
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

2.4.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a non-Energy Star qualified refrigerated beverage vending machine,
non-refrigerated snack vending machine, or glass front refrigerated cooler with a control system
capable of powering down lighting and refrigeration systems during periods of inactivity. The
controls must be equipped with a passive infrared occupancy sensor, a duplex receptacle, and
a power cord for connecting the device to 120V power.
2.4.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition for retrofit is a non-Energy Star qualified refrigerated beverage vending
machine, non-refrigerated snack vending machine, or glass front refrigerated cooler without a
control system capable of powering down lighting and refrigeration systems during periods of
inactivity.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline condition for new construction is a machine without a control system that complies
with the Department of Energy's (DOE) 2012 energy conservation standards for refrigerated
beverage vending machines.
2.4.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
i base RR
kWhbase base,i

Vending Machine Controls 44
code,class A
code,class B

2.4.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment
ΔkWh/Unit Stipulated per unit energy savings
ΔkW Defined to be zero for this measure as it is assumed that controls are only
kWhbase Annual energy consumption of baseline equipment for the ith combination of
code, Class A/B
RR
Units
2.4.5. Sources
1. DEER2011 EUL Summary
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
2. DEER2011 Cost Data
3. http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
4. SCE Work Paper, SCE13CS005: Beverage Merchandise Controller
5. DEER2005 UpdateFinalReport_ItronVersion.pdf
6. LBNL 2007: http://enduse.lbl.gov/info/LBNL-62397.pdf
7. Cadmus Energy Star Report:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-
2.ppt
2.4.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-24 Unit Energy Savings for Uncooled Vending Machine Controls 30
Equipment kWh Savings Per Machine
Uncooled Vending Machine 387

30 Applies to both Retrofit and New Construction

Vending Machine Controls 45

Table 2-25 Unit Energy Savings for Retrofit Class A & B Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls
Vending Machine Capacity (cans) kWh Savings Per Machine
<500 519
500 653
699 592
799 700
800+ 553
Weighted 632

Table 2-26 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction Class A Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls
Vending Machine Capacity (cans) kWh Savings Per Machine
<500 222
500 270
699 278
799 298
800+ 282
Weighted 134

Table 2-27 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction Class B Cold Beverage Vending Machine
Controls
Vending Machine Capacity (cans) kWh Savings Per Machine
<500 280
500 300
699 309
799 331
800+ 314
Weighted 151

Vending Machine Controls 46
Table 2-28 Unit Incremental Cost for Retrofit and New Construction Uncooled Vending Machine
Controls
Measure Case Description
Cold Drink Vending $180.00 $35.50 $215.50

Efficient Washing Machines 47
2.5. Efficient Washing Machines
This protocol discusses the calculation methodology and the assumptions regarding baseline
equipment, efficient equipment, and usage patterns used to estimate annual energy savings
expected from the replacement of a standard clothes washer with an ENERGY STAR or high
efficiency clothes washer.
Table 2-29 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-29 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Washing Machines 31
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,727 kWh 756 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.86 kW 0.38 kW
Expected Useful Life 10.7 Years 10.7 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost
2.5.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is clothes washers meeting ENERGY STAR or better efficiency in small
commercial applications that have both electric water heating (DHW) and electric dryers. The
minimum efficiency is Modified Energy Factor (MEF) of ≥2.2 (ft3/kWh/cycle) and Water Factor
(WF) ≤ 4.5 (gal/ft3/cycle). Currently, only front-loading clothes washers meet the ENERGY
STAR standards.
2.5.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The retrofit baseline condition is a standard efficiency washing machine. The RTF sources the
latest CEC database which has non ENERGY STAR machine MEF ranging from 1.26 to 2.45
with an average of 1.63.
31 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental costs. There isn’t a difference between new construction and retrofit because RTF specifies the
measure for new and existing construction.
32
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.showProductGroup&pgw_code=VMC
33 Cadmus Group: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/meetings/2006/09/RTF%20091806%20-%20Vending%20Final-2.ppt
34 See previous footnote

Efficient Washing Machines 48
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For new construction the baseline is the Federal efficiency standard MEF ≥1.60 (ft3/kWh/cycle)
and WF ≤ 8.5 (gal/ft3/cycle) for Top Loading washers and MEF ≥2.0 (ft3/kWh/cycle)/ (kWh) and
WF ≤ 5.5 (gal/ft3/cycle) for Front Loading washers. The RTF designates the baseline using
MEF ranging from 1.65 to 2.45 with an average of 2.04 and WF ranging from 3.7 to 8.4 with an
average of 5.99.
2.5.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Units
Typical = (∆kWh/Uniti * Wi)
i,Intalled
Water heat P Water Elec Cycles
kWh Cycles
Units
Typical = ∑ (∆kW/Uniti * UF * Wi)
2.5.4. Definitions
∆ kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆ kW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆ kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-30 and Table 2-31
∆i,Installed
∆
∆
∆
∆kW/UnitTypical Typical measure demand savings on a per unit basis.
Wi Population weight for each ∆kWh/Uniti and ∆kW/Uniti. Values used are from DOE's Commercial Clothes Washers Final Rule Technical Support
Document
UF Utilization Factor. This is defined to be 0.00049935
Units
Cycles
3
35 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the UF.

Efficient Washing Machines 49
36
P
M
Elec

2.5.5. Sources
1. Regional Technical Forum measure workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/Com ClothesWasher_v2_0
2. Department of Energy (DOE ) Technical Support Document, 2009:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/product.aspx/productid/46
2.5.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-30 Unit Energy Savings for Laundromat Efficient Washing Machines 37
Measure Program Type kWh/Unit kW/Unit
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and New 828 0.413
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and Retrofit 38 1,891 0.944

Table 2-31 Unit Energy Savings for Multifamily Efficient Washing Machines
Measure Program Type kWh/Unit kW/Unit
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and New 469 0.234
Energy Star Commercial Clothes Washer w/MEF 2.2 and Retrofit 1072 0.535

36 From Regional Technical Forum measure workbook
37 See spreadsheet “5-TypicalCalcs_EffWshMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings.
38 Retrofit refers to early retirement (ER). For replace on burnout (ROB) use New Construction.

Wall Insulation 50
2.6. Wall Insulation
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to wall insulation installed in
commercial spaces which are more efficient than existing insulation or prevailing codes and
standards.
Wall insulation is rated by its R-value. An R-value indicates its resistance to heat flow – the
higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. The R-value depends on the type of
insulation including its material, thickness, and density. When calculating the R-value of a
multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.
Table 2-32 and Table 2-33 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per insulation ft2 square foot)
energy impacts for this measure for cooling only and cooling + heating impacts respectively.
Typical and deemed values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below.39 The typical and deemed values reported in this chapter are based on a weighted
average across multiple building types. The cooling savings assume either DX or Hydronic
cooling (depending on what is considered ‘typical’ for that building type) while the heating
component assumes DX air-cooled heat pumps.
Table 2-32 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.044 kWh 0.003 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.028 W 0.002 W
Average Gas Impacts 40 .022 Therms .001 Therms
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 0.66 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.12
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

39 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling savings.
40 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Wall Insulation 51
Table 2-33 Typical Savings Estimates for Wall Insulation (Cooling & Heating)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.414 kWh 0.028 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.028 W 0.002 W
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 0.66 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.12
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling
2.6.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible wall area is limited to the treated wall area of exterior walls (gross wall area, less
window and door) where the insulation has been installed to the proposed R-value. Insulation
must be installed in buildings, or portions of buildings, with central mechanical air conditioning or
PTAC/PTHP systems. Qualifying wall insulation can be rigid foam, fiberglass bat, blown-in
fiberglass or cellulose, assuming it meets or exceeds the required R-value. Radiant barriers will
not be allowed as a substitute for insulation. The savings estimates for retrofit projects assume
the baseline building has no wall insulation (e.g. an empty cavity).
2.6.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction. Note that heating savings
are only applicable for facilities with electric heating.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing insulation and the project does not represent a major
renovation then the baseline efficiency is defined by the pre-existing insulation.
New Construction (New Construction, Replace on Burnout)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable R-value by
the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007.
2.6.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆kWh = ∆kWhcool + ∆kWhheat
∆kWhcool = A * (CDD * 24)/(SEER * 1000) * (1/Rbase meas
∆kWhheat = A * (HDD * 24)/(HSPF * 3413) * (1/Rbase – 1/Rmeas)
∆kWpeak = ∆kWhcool / EFLHcool X CF

Wall Insulation 52
2.6.4. Definitions
A Area of the insulation that was installed in square feet
HDD Heating degree days, refer to Table 2-38 for typical heating degree days for different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should be used to calculate the HDD
CDD Cooling degree days refer to Table 2-38 for typical cooling degree days for different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should be
used to calculate the CDD.
Rbase
meas
for various building types are stipulated in Table 2-40
as the ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs),
to the total electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate
following formula to estimate from the EER: 41
2
(described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the heat pump COP is available then use the following: 2
∆kWh/UnitRetrofit Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
∆kWhNew Const efficient qualifying unit representing a conservative savings estimate

2.6.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.42
4. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls43
41 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.
42 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
43 After reviewing the sources feeding into the DEER value of 20 years it was found that the 20 year determination was based on a
DEER policy for maximum EUL. Since DEER sources supported a higher EUL the higher EUL is used here.

Wall Insulation 53
2.6.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-34 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation - Retrofit 44
W/ft2 kWh/ft2 Cost/ft2
R-2.5 to R-11
Cooling .028 .044 $0.66
Heating 0 .370
Cooling & Heating .028 .414
R-2.5 to R-19
Cooling .032 .050 $0.92
Heating 0 .416
Cooling & Heating .032 .465

Table 2-35 Deemed Energy Savings for Wall Insulation – New Construction 45
W/ft2 kWh/ft2 Cost/ft2
R-13 to R-19
Cooling .002 .003 $0.12
Heating 0 .025
Cooling & Heating .002 .028
R-13 to R-21
Cooling .003 .004 $0.16
Heating 0 .030
Cooling & Heating .003 .033

44 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.
45 See spreadsheet “6-TypicalCalcs_WallInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.

Wall Insulation 54
Table 2-36 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 546
Climate Zone Opaque Element ASHRAE 90.1 2004 Insulation ASHRAE 90.1 2007 Insulation
Walls, Above-
Grade Wood-Framed R-13.0 R-13.0 + R-3.8 ci
Wall, Below-Below-Grade Wall NR R-7.5 ci

Table 2-37 Wall Insulation: Code Minimum R-values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 647
Climate Zone
6 Opaque Element
Walls, Above-Grade Wood-Framed R-13.0 R-13.0 + R-7.5 ci
Wall, Below-Below-Grade Wall NR R-7.5 ci

46 Values stipulated from Table 5.5-5 ASHRAE 2004 and 2007. c.i. = continuous insulation, NR = no requirement
47 Values stipulated from Table 5.5-6 in ASHRAE 2004 and 2007. c.i. = continuous insulation, NR = no requirement

Wall Insulation 55
Table 2-38 Stipulated Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type 48
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type HDD CDD HDD CDD
Assembly 256 104 274 91
Community College 229 116 214 101
Conditioned Storage 256 73 290 72
Fast Food Restaurant 258 103 284 81
Full Service Restaurant 273 88 289 76
High School 253 112 290 75
Hospital 272 93 293 94
Hotel 225 140 268 97
Large Retail 1 Story 240 122 264 101
Large Retail 3 Story 242 103 274 90
Large Office 229 131 247 121
Light Manufacturing 241 121 271 94
Medical Clinic 280 85 293 72
Motel 199 166 285 80
Multi Family 219 121 247 72
Nursing Home 300 65 300 79
Primary School 250 115 286 79
Small Office 226 131 256 106
Small Retail 244 117 271 94
University 229 131 247 109

48 Values obtained from simulations of the DEER input models using eQuest to obtain typical baseline temperatures for each
building. TMY3 weather data was collected and averaged over the ASHRAE weather Zones 5 and 6 to create heating and cooling
degree days using the typical baseline temperatures.

Wall Insulation 56
Table 2-39 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Wall Insulation 57
Table 2-40 Heating and Cooling Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type49
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

49 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Ceiling Insulation 58
2.7. Ceiling Insulation
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to ceiling insulation installed in
commercial spaces which are more efficient than existing insulation or prevailing codes and
standards.
Ceiling insulation is rated by its R-value. An R-value indicates its resistance to heat flow (where
a higher the R-value indicates a greater insulating effectiveness). The R-value depends on the
type of insulation including its material, thickness, and density. When calculating the R-value of
a multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.
Table 2-41 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per insulation ft2 square foot) energy impacts for
this measure. Table 2-42 summarizes the deemed energy savings for the specific insulation
upgrade cited. Typical and deemed values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values
described below. The typical and deemed values reported in this chapter are based on a
weighted average across multiple building types. The cooling savings assume either DX or
Hydronic cooling (depending on what is considered ‘typical’ for that building type) while the
heating component assumes DX air-cooled heat pumps.
Table 2-41 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling Only)50
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings .006 kWh .0007 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .005 W .0005 W
Average Gas Impacts .003 Therms 0 Therms51
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.20
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

50 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling savings. Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for
cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings
should be based on the following table.
51 While the therms impact for this measure is technically non-zero it is sufficiently small as to be considered negligible.

Ceiling Insulation 59
Table 2-42 Typical Savings Estimates for Ceiling Insulation (Cooling & Heating)52
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Insulation ft2 Insulation ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings .035 kWh .007 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .002 W .005 W
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1.38 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 0.20
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

2.7.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible roof/ceiling area is limited to buildings or potions of buildings with central mechanical air
conditioning or PTAC systems. Qualifying ceiling insulation can be rigid foam, fiberglass bat, or
blown-in fiberglass or cellulose a long as material is eligible, assuming it meets or exceeds the
required R-value. The insulation must upgrade from R11 or less to a minimum of R24 or from
R19 or less to a minimum of R38.
2.7.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing insulation then the baseline efficiency is defined by the
pre-existing insulation.
New Construction (New Construction, Replace on Burnout)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable R-value by
the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007.
2.7.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆∆∆
∆
∆
∆∆
52 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs for cooling and heating savings.

Ceiling Insulation 60
2.7.4. Definitions
A Area of the insulation that was installed in square feet
HDD Heating degree days, refer to Table 2-47 for typical heating degree days for different buildings. When possible, actual base temperatures should be
base
meas
Values for various building types are stipulated in Table 2-49
as the ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs),
to the total electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate
following formula to estimate from the EER:
53 2
(described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the heat pump COP is available then use the following: 2
∆kWh/UnitRetrofit Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
∆kWhNew Const efficient qualifying unit representing a conservative savings estimate
2.7.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.54
4. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls55
53 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.
54 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
55 After reviewing the sources feeding into the DEER value of 20 years it was found that the 20 year determination was based on a
DEER policy for maximum EUL. Since DEER sources supported a higher EUL the higher EUL is used here.

Ceiling Insulation 61
2.7.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-43 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation - Retrofit56
Insulation
Values Cooling Heating Cooling Heating
R-11 to R-24 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.007 0.059 0.066
R-11 to R-38 0.006 0.000 0.006 0.009 0.077 0.087
R-11 to R-49 0.006 0.000 0.006 0.010 0.084 0.094
R-19 to R-38 0.002 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.032 0.035
R-19 to R-49 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.039 0.043
Weighted: 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.006 0.053 0.059

Table 2-44 Deemed Energy Savings for Ceiling Insulation – New Construction 57
W/ft2 kWh/ft2
R-38 to R-49
Cooling .0005 .0007
Heating 0 .006
Cooling & Heating .0005 .007

56 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.
57 See spreadsheet “7-TypicalCalcs_CeilingInsul.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the deemed unit energy
savings.

Ceiling Insulation 62
Table 2-45 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 5 58
Zone 5 Nonresidential 2004 Nonresidential 2007
Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Value Insulation Min. R-Value
Insulation Entirely above Deck R-15.0 c.i. R-20.0 c.i.
Metal Building R-19.0 R-19.0
Attic and Other R-30.0 R-38.0

Table 2-46 ASHRAE Baseline R–values for Nonresidential Buildings in Zone 6 59
Zone 6 Nonresidential 2004 Nonresidential 2007
Opaque Element Insulation Min. R-Value Insulation Min. R-Value
Insulation Entirely above Deck R-15.0 c.i. R-20.0 c.i.
Metal Building R-19.0 R-19.0
Attic and Other R-38.0 R-38.0

58 Values stipulated from ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 Table 5.5-5
59 Values stipulated from ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 Table 5.5-6

Ceiling Insulation 63
Table 2-47 Base Heating and Cooling Degree Days by Building Type 60
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type HDD CDD HDD CDD
Assembly 256 104 274 91
Community College 229 116 214 101
Conditioned Storage 256 73 290 72
Fast Food Restaurant 258 103 284 81
Full Service Restaurant 273 88 289 76
High School 253 112 290 75
Hospital 272 93 293 94
Hotel 225 140 268 97
Large Retail 1 Story 240 122 264 101
Large Retail 3 Story 242 103 274 90
Large Office 229 131 247 121
Light Manufacturing 241 121 271 94
Medical Clinic 280 85 293 72
Motel 199 166 285 80
Multi Family 219 121 247 72
Nursing Home 300 65 300 79
Primary School 250 115 286 79
Small Office 226 131 256 106
Small Retail 244 117 271 94
University 229 131 247 109

60 Values obtained from simulations of the DEER input models using eQuest to obtain typical baseline temperatures for each
building. TMY3 weather data was collected and averaged over the ASHRAE weather Zones 5 and 6 to create heating and cooling
degree days using the typical baseline temperatures.

Ceiling Insulation 64
Table 2-48 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.10
Education - Secondary School 0.10
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Ceiling Insulation 65
Table 2-49 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type 61
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

61 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Reflective Roof 66
2.8. Reflective Roof
This section covers installation of “cool roof” roofing materials in commercial buildings. Energy
and demand saving are realized through reductions in the building cooling loads. The approach
utilizes DOE-2.2 simulations on a series of commercial DEER prototypical building models.
Table 2-50 and Table 2-51 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ft2) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-50 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Low-Slope Roof (2:12 or less) Reflective
Roof
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.116 kWh 0.116 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.095 W 0.095 W
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost

Table 2-51 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Steep-Slope Roof (>2:12) Reflective Roof
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 ft2
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.021 kWh 0.021 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.017 W 0.017 W
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 7.90 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0.11
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling
2.8.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes all reflective roofing materials when applied to the roof above a
space with central mechanical air conditioning or PTAC systems. The roof treatment must be
Energy Star rated or tested through a Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) accredited laboratory.
For low-slope (2:12 or less) roofs, the roof products must have an solar reflectivity of at least
62 From 2008 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2008.2.05, “Effective/Remaining Useful Life Values”,
California Public Utilities Commission, December 16, 2008
63 Labor costs from 2005 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2005.2.01, “Technology and Measure Cost
Data”, California Public Utilities Commission, October 26, 2005
64 Material costs from common roof types found in EPA’s Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies:
http://www.epa.gov/heatisld/resources/pdf/CoolRoofsCompendium.pdf

Reflective Roof 67
0.70 and thermal emittance of 0.75. For steep slope(greater than 2:12) roofs, minimum solar
reflectance is 0.25. Note that facilities with pre-existing cool roofs are not eligible for this
measure.
2.8.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the pre-existing (non-cool roof) roofing material.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline for new construction projects is established by the constructions and materials
typically employed for similar new construction buildings and roof constructions. For the
purposes of calculating typical energy savings for this measure it is assumed that the baseline
roofing material has a reflectance of 0.15.65
2.8.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆∆
∆∆
2.8.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-52 and Table 2-53 according to
∆kW/Unit Per unit demand reduction as stipulated in Table 2-52 and Table 2-53 according
2
2.8.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models, eQUEST-DEER 3-5.66
4. ASHRAE. 2006. Weather data for building design standards. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
169-2006.
65 Value derived using common roof types performance specifications found in the EPA publication Reducing Urban Heat Islands:
Compendium of Strategies: http://www.epa.gov/heatisld/resources/pdf/CoolRoofsCompendium.pdf
66 Prototypical building energy simulation models were used to obtain U-Factor and SHGC values for each building type.

Reflective Roof 68
2.8.6. Sources
1. 2004-2005 Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) Update Study. December
2005
2. 2008 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2008.2.05,
“Effective/Remaining Useful Life Values”, California Public Utilities Commission,
December 16, 2008
3. 2005 Database for Energy-Efficiency Resources (DEER), Version 2005.2.01,
“Technology and Measure Cost Data”, California Public Utilities Commission, October
26, 2005
2.8.7. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-52 Unit Energy Savings for Low-Slope (<= 2:12) Reflective Roof67
Building Type kWh W kWh W
Primary School 0.082 0.076 0.062 0.059
Secondary School 0.088 0.060 0.052 0.046
Community College 0.392 0.075 0.449 0.068
University 0.148 0.092 0.141 0.083
Hospital 0.086 0.050 0.076 0.052
Nursing Home 0.120 0.096 0.101 0.087
Hotel 0.137 0.054 0.124 0.049
Motel 0.099 0.152 -0.014 0.135
Light Manufacturing 0.078 0.069 0.062 0.062
Small Office 0.102 0.089 0.089 0.083
Large Office 0.202 0.227 0.167 0.183
Full Service Restaurant (Sit-Down) 0.119 0.098 0.092 0.084
Fast Food 0.072 0.046 0.053 0.041
Small Retail 0.117 0.099 0.095 0.084
Large 1-story Retail 0.140 0.112 0.112 0.095
3-story Retail 0.087 0.057 0.098 0.049
Conditioned Storage 0.049 0.051 0.018 0.014

67 See spreadsheet “8-TypicalCalcs_CoolRoof.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings.

Reflective Roof 69
Table 2-53 Unit Energy Savings for Steep-Slope (> 2:12) Reflective Roof68
Building Type kWh W kWh W
Primary School 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011
Secondary School 0.015 0.012 0.009 0.009
Community College 0.076 0.013 0.071 0.011
University 0.027 0.016 0.021 0.014
Hospital 0.014 0.008 0.013 0.008
Nursing Home 0.022 0.017 0.019 0.016
Hotel 0.026 0.009 0.028 0.008
Motel 0.017 0.026 -0.002 0.024
Light Manufacturing 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.011
Small Office 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.015
Large Office 0.037 0.038 0.032 0.030
Full Service Restaurant (Sit-Down) 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.015
Fast Food 0.013 0.008 0.010 0.007
Small Retail 0.021 0.018 0.017 0.015
Large 1-story Retail 0.025 0.020 0.020 0.017
3-story Retail 0.013 0.011 0.018 0.009
Conditioned Storage 0.010 0.012 0.006 0.005

68 See spreadsheet “8-TypicalCalcs_CoolRoof.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings.

Efficient Windows 70
2.9. Efficient Windows
The following algorithm and assumptions are applicable to efficient windows in commercial
spaces which provide a lower U-value than existing windows or prevailing codes and standards.
Savings will be realized through reductions in the buildings cooling and heating loads. Note that
window films and windows with too low an SHGC value can for many buildings increase the
heating loads (unless the building has a significant internal load as is the case for example in
hospitals and/or data centers). In a heating dominated climate such as Idaho the increase in
heating loads can negate any reduction in the cooling loads. Energy impacts for this measure
are largely due to the improved U-Value and care should be taken when selecting windows to
ensure that the SHGC values are appropriate for the building and climate.
Table 2-54 and Table 2-55 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per window ft2) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below. 69
Table 2-54 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 Window Glass ft2 Window Glass
Average Unit Energy Savings 1.51 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.11 W n/a
Average Gas Impacts70 0.13 Therms n/a
Expected Useful Life 25 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 20.66 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

69 Average unit energy and peak demand cooling savings are based on a weighted average of electric resistance and heat pump
savings only. Average unit energy and peak demand cooling savings are based on a weighted average of chiller and dx cooling
only. See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows.xlsx” for additional assumptions and calculations, EUL, and incremental cost.
70 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Efficient Windows 71
Table 2-55 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Windows (Heating and Cooling)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 Window Glass ft2 Window Glass
Average Unit Energy Savings 8.47 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.11 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 25 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 20.66 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

Table 2-56 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 Window Glass ft2 Window Glass
Average Unit Energy Savings 2.12 kWh 0.40 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.55 W 0.32 W
Average Gas Impacts71 0.16 Therms 0.10 Therms
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 22.08 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 5.92
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-57 Typical Savings Estimates for Premium Windows (Cooling and Heating)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft2 Window Glass ft2 Window Glass
Average Unit Energy Savings 10.6 kWh 5.89 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.55 W 0.32 W
Expected Useful Life 25 Years 25 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 22.08 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 5.92
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

71 Note that the reported gas impacts assume that if savings are being claimed for cooling only the facility is gas heated. If the facility
is electrically heated then these gas impacts are not applicable and savings should be based on the following table.

Efficient Windows 72
2.9.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
In order to be considered eligible equipment windows must be independently tested and
certified according to the standards established by the National Fenestration Rating Council
(NFRC). While the NFRC does provide such testing and certification - any NFRC-licensed
independent certification and inspection agency can provide certification. One example of such
a body is the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA). In addition, eligible
windows must meet or exceed the following performance ratings:
Efficient Windows: SHGC = any and U-factor <= 0.42
Premium Windows: SHGC <= any and U-factor <= 0.3
Window films and shades are not eligible under this measure as they reduce the SHGC without
providing an appreciable improvement in the U-Value and in many circumstances their addition
would result in an increased heating load which negates or exceeds the reduction in cooling
loads.
2.9.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment than the baseline efficiency is defined by the
pre-existing windows.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For new construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable window
performance in the prevailing building energy code or standard to which the project was
permitted. Current standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007.
2.9.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Heating + Cooling
= ΔkWHeating * EFLH ΔkWCooling * EFLH
Heating out in t,Heating Heating
Cooling t,Cooling Cooling
peak Cooling

2.9.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWpeak Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.

Efficient Windows 73
Heating/Cooling Heating Cooling
in
out
t
COP Coefficient of performance found in Table 2-62.
COP = EER / 3.412
types are stipulated in Table 2-63. When available, actual system hours of
which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period which can be found in Table

2.9.5. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-58 Retrofit Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft.
Orientation Savings Type kWh/sq. ft. kW/sq. ft. kWh/sq. ft. kW/sq. ft.
North
South
West
East
Average

Efficient Windows 74
Table 2-59 New Construction Deemed Savings per Sq. Ft.
Orientation Savings Type kWh/sq. ft. kW/sq. ft.
North
South
West
East
Average

Efficient Windows 75
Table 2-60 Calculated Heating/Cooling Eti for each Building Type 72
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heating Cooling Heating Cooling
Building Type Electric Heat Chiller DX Electric Heat Chiller DX
Education - - 43.3 - 124.06 - 47.41 - 143.21
Health/Medical - 44.95 - 131.78 - 48.23 - 133.79 -
Manufacturing - Light 41.7 - 119.09 - 44.25 - 132.94 -
Retail - Single-Story 41.7 - 117.66 - 42.73 - 128.46 -
Storage - Conditioned - 43.94 - 144.43 - 47.41 - 144.24

72 See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Efficient Windows 76
Table 2-61 Baseline U-Factor and SHGC for Each Building73
Building U-Factor North Facing Non-North Facing
Assembly 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Primary School 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Secondary School 0.81 0.70 0.65
Education - Community College 0.81 0.70 0.64
Education - University 1.04 0.83 0.84
Grocery 0.81 0.71 0.70
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.81 0.70 0.65
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.81 0.70 0.64
Lodging - Hotel 0.81 0.70 0.64
Lodging - Motel 0.81 0.70 0.64
Manufacturing - Bio/Tech 0.81 0.71 0.70
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.81 0.71 0.70
Office - Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Office - Small 0.81 0.71 0.70
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.81 0.71 0.70
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.81 0.71 0.70
Retail - Small 0.81 0.71 0.70
Storage - Conditioned 0.81 0.71 0.70
Storage - Unconditioned 0.81 0.71 0.70
Warehouse - Refrigerated 0.81 0.71 0.70

Table 2-62 Average Heating/Cooling COP 74
Heating Cooling
Electric Resistance Heat Pump Chiller DX
2.6 3.6 5.1 2.9

73 See spreadsheet “9-TypicalCalcs_Windows.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
74 Average COP by heating/cooling type stipulated in ASHRAE 90.1 2004 and 2007 code baseline efficiencies.

Efficient Windows 77
Table 2-63 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type 75
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating EFLH Cooling EFLH Heating
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

75 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

Efficient Windows 78
Table 2-64 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type CF
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

Building Energy Management Controls 79
2.10. HVAC Controls
This section covers the implementation of HVAC controls in commercial buildings. HVAC
controls include economizers, demand controlled ventilation (DCV), and EMS controls. The
discussion of eligible equipment provides more detail regarding the individual measures. HVAC
controls garner energy savings by optimizing the algorithms by which HVAC equipment are
operated. The approach used in this TRM to estimate energy impacts from such measures is
based on DOE-2.2 simulations of prototypical commercial building models.76
The controls measures included in this chapter do not encompass equipment optimization,
retro-commissioning, or commissioning. Such projects are demonstrated to have significant
variance in energy impacts and short measure lives (lack of persistence). They are more
suitable for a custom approach and are not included in the TRM. Measures of this nature
include temperature set-point and equipment staging optimization, thermostat set-back
overrides, and behavioral or maintenance oriented measures.
Table 2-65 though Table 2-67 summarize ‘typical’ expected (per ton of cooling) energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below. 77
Table 2-65 Typical Savings Estimates for Air-Side Economizer Only (New and Repair)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 285 kWh 190 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .0144 kW .0129 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 0 Therms 0 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 155.01 (New) n/a

76 The prototypical building models are sourced from the DEER 2008.
77 See spreadsheet “10-TypicalCalcs_HVACcntrls.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs. Also note that the savings figures represented in these tables give equal weight to the four HVAC
system types discussed later in this chapter

Building Energy Management Controls 80
Table 2-66 Typical Savings Estimates for Demand Controlled Ventilation Only
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit CFM of Air Controlled CFM of Air Controlled
Average Unit Energy Savings 0.82 kWh 0.34 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.08 W 0.03 W
Average Unit Gas Savings 0.04 Therms 0.02 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $0.44 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $0.30
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-67 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 2 Strategies Implemented78
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 636 kWh 418 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .11 kW .07 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 6 Therms 6 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

Table 2-68 Typical Deemed Savings Estimates for EMS Controls w/ 4 Strategies Implemented79
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton of cooling Ton of cooling
Average Unit Energy Savings 794 kWh 484 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .13 kW .08 kW
Average Unit Gas Savings 17 Therms 9 Therms
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $197.98 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $162.49
Stacking Effect End-Use n/a

78 Assumes that (2) controls measures are implemented on average.
79 Assumes that (2) controls measures are implemented on average.

Building Energy Management Controls 81
2.10.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment is based on applicable HVAC system type (note that any building with a
system type that isn’t included in Table 2-69 should follow a custom path) and appropriately
implementing the controls measures listed in Table 2-70. Note that evaporative cooling
equipment is not eligible for this measure.
Table 2-69 HVAC System Types
Item System Type
1 VAV with chilled water coils
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS)
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT)
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump
7 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
8 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
9 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System
10 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit
Note that detailed descriptions for each of the above system types can be found in ASHRAE
Handbook – Systems. A summary of the system types, their typical configurations, and how
they are modeled in eQuest80 can be found in Building Energy Use and Cost Analysis Program
Volume 3: Topics.81
Table 2-70 EMS Measures
Item Measure
1 Optimum Start/Stop
2 Economizer Controls
3 Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
4 Supply Air Reset
5 Chilled Water Reset
6 Condenser Water Reset
Eligibility requirements for each of the control strategies listed above are as follows:
Optimum Start/Stop needed to meet the desired zone temperatures. The fan stop time is
Economizer Controls
80 The software package used to simulate energy impacts for this measure.
81 http://doe2.com/download/DOE-22/DOE22Vol3-Topics.pdf

Building Energy Management Controls 82
Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
Supply Air Reset
Chilled Water Reset
Condenser Water Reset
2.10.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is an existing mechanical HVAC system (see list in
Table 2-69 for eligible systems) that has not implemented the control strategy (or strategies)
claimed in the project. See Table 2-70 for a list of eligible control strategies. Note that
evaporative cooling equipment is not eligible for this measure.
New Construction (Includes Major Renovations)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is an HVAC system (see list in Table 2-69
for eligible systems) that meets the local building energy codes and standards.
Code Compliance Considerations for HVAC Controls
Some of the EMS measures in Table 2-70 are required by code for certain buildings and HVAC
systems.
2.10.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
∆∆
∆∆
2.10.4. Definitions
∆kWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
∆kWh/ton Energy savings on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-71 though
∆kW/ton Demand reduction on a per unit basis as stipulated in Table 2-71 though
Cap

Building Energy Management Controls 83

2.10.5. Sources
1. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
2. Database for Energy Efficiency Resources (DEER) 2008.

Building Energy Management Controls 84
2.10.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-71 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 5
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 514 0.078
2
3 VAV with chilled water coils 1,758 0.255
4 VAV with chilled water coils 1,783 0.273
VAV with chilled water coils 1,851 0.317
6
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 362 0.155
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 769 0.157
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 810 0.172
4
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 227 0.102
2
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 349 0.110
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 349 0.110
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
6
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 966 0.101
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,077 0.102
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,642 0.108
4
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 225 0.105
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 417 0.107
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 421 0.117
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 421 0.117
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
6
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 382 0.105

Building Energy Management Controls 85
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 575 0.107
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 694 0.117
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 694 0.117
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
6
1 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 258 0.104
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 506 0.106
3 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 566 0.116
5 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
6 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) n/a n/a
1 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 239 0.077
2
3
4
5
6
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 476 0.119
3 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 476 0.119
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 476 0.119
5 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 626 0.119
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 758 0.125
4 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 758 0.125
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 86
Table 2-72 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 5
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 167 0.012
VAV with chilled water coils 550 0.013
VAV with chilled water coils 580 0.027
VAV with chilled water coils 583 0.027
VAV with chilled water coils 634 0.064
VAV with chilled water coils 660 0.077
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 231 0.099
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 543 0.100
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 592 0.116
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 592 0.116
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 179 0.068
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 283 0.069
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 283 0.079
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 283 0.079
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 468 0.068
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 570 0.069
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 776 0.069
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 776 0.069
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 137 0.072
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 306 0.074
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 311 0.085
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 311 0.085
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 271 0.072
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 441 0.074
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 559 0.086
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 559 0.086
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)

Building Energy Management Controls 87
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
2 320 0.013
3 380 0.024
4 380 0.024
5 n/a n/a
6 n/a n/a
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Building Energy Management Controls 88
Table 2-73 Energy Savings for Retrofit EMS Controls Climate Zone 6
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 502 0.076
2 VAV with chilled water coils 1,212 0.085
4 VAV with chilled water coils 1,728 0.259
5 VAV with chilled water coils 1,806 0.302
6 VAV with chilled water coils 1,827 0.313
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 677 0.137
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 749 0.151
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 749 0.151
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 209 0.078
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 308 0.083
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 308 0.089
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,142 0.091
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,663 0.092
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 1,663 0.092
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 203 0.082
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 373 0.099
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 376 0.106
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 601 0.099
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 769 0.106
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 769 0.106
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 89
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
6
1
2 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
3 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
4 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
6 Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)
1 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 246 0.065
2 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 397 0.075
3 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
4 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 472 0.077
6 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit n/a n/a
2 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System
3 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System
4 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System
5 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a
6 Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System n/a n/a

Building Energy Management Controls 90
Table 2-74 Energy Savings for New Construction EMS Controls Climate Zone 6
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
1 VAV with chilled water coils 166 0.014
2 VAV with chilled water coils 551 0.018
3 VAV with chilled water coils 574 0.028
4 VAV with chilled water coils 577 0.028
5 VAV with chilled water coils 628 0.067
6 VAV with chilled water coils 655 0.081
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 206 0.083
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 480 0.089
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 578 0.101
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 578 0.101
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 164 0.057
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 247 0.061
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 247 0.069
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 247 0.069
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 506 0.057
2 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 588 0.061
3 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 772 0.061
4 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 772 0.061
5 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 125 0.059
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 269 0.072
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 272 0.080
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 272 0.080
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) n/a n/a
1 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 300 0.059
2 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 444 0.072
3 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 607 0.080
4 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 607 0.080
5 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
6 Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump n/a n/a
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 170 0.112

Building Energy Management Controls 91
# of Measures HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
2
3
4
5
6

Building Energy Management Controls 92
Table 2-75 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 857 0.0031
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 462 0.0020
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 134 0.0020
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 125 0.0020
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 279 0.0060
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 191 0.0060
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 267 0.0929

Table 2-76 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 448 0.0013
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 353 0.0020
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 115 0.0020
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 171 0.0040
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 171 0.0040
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 170 -0.0550
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 127 0.0020
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System 194 0.0045

Building Energy Management Controls 93
Table 2-77 Energy Savings for Retrofit Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 901 0.0122
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 415 0.0070
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 109 0.0070
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 104 0.0060
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 183 0.0190
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 183 0.0190
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)

Table 2-78 Energy Savings for New Construction Economizer Controls Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/Ton kW/Ton
VAV with chilled water coils 453 0.0041
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 311 0.0070
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat 95 0.0060
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 90 0.0060
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 148 0.0160

Building Energy Management Controls 94
Table 2-79 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 2.75 0.57
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.11 0.07
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat -0.06 0.03
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 2.25 0.01
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 0.02 0.03
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 0.57 0.03
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP)

Table 2-80 Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 5
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 0.09 0.035
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.13 0.069

Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 0.55 0.022

Building Energy Management Controls 95
Table 2-81 Energy Savings for Retrofit DCV Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 2.79 0.592
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.22 0.060
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat -0.15 0.019
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 2.09 -0.013
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 0.004 0.019
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) Heat Pump 0.80 0.018
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) 0.93 0.053
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) 0.73 0.029
Packaged Rooftop Unit / Split System -0.10 0.005
Packaged Rooftop Heat Pump Unit 0.94 0.004

Table 2-82 Unit Energy Savings for New Construction DCV Only Climate Zone 6
HVAC System Type kWh/CFM W/CFM
VAV with chilled water coils 0.05 0.028
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) 0.29 0.052
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Gas Heat -0.59 0.019
Packaged Variable Air Volume System (PVAVS) Electric Reheat 0.88 -0.027
Packaged Variable Volume and Temperature (PVVT) 0.004 0.017

Building Energy Management Controls 96

2.11. Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to occupancy based Guest Room
Energy Management Systems (GREM) installed in motel and hotel guest rooms. These systems
use one or more methods to determine whether or not the guest room is occupied. If the room is
un-occupied for a predetermined amount of time (typically 15 - 30 min) the thermostat set-point
is set-back.
Table 2-83 through Table 2-85 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per Ton) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below
and data from past program participants.82
Table 2-83 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (w/o Housekeeping Set-Backs)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,095 kWh 965 kWh 951 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

Table 2-84 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (With Housekeeping Set-Backs)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 235 kWh 196 kWh 194 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

82 See spreadsheet “11-TypicalCalcs_GREM.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs. Note that due to the limited savings available for gas heated facilities the numbers in these tables account
only for electric heating fuel system types (e.g. heat-pumps and electric resistance coils).

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems 97
Table 2-85 Typical Savings Estimates for GREM (Average)83
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 665 kWh 581 kWh 572 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 11 Years 11 Years 11 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $150.61 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $57.50 $57.50
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating, Cooling

2.11.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible systems include any occupancy based thermostatic set-back controls controlling an
electrically heated system. Systems can be centralized or local controls. Systems must set-back
room space temperatures by a minimum of 8 degrees F when the room is determined to be
unoccupied. Temperature set-back must occur no longer than 30 minutes after the room is
determined unoccupied. Eligible systems include, thermostat based controls, room key-card
controls, and system check-in/check-out controls.
2.11.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. However;
there are currently no building energy code requirements (as defined in ASHRAE 90.1) which
mandate installation of Guestroom Occupancy Control Systems. As such the baseline for retrofit
and new construction projects only differ in the efficiency of the existing HVAC systems and
building envelope.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as a non-occupant based room thermostat
(either manual or programmable) installed in the existing room.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel)
Baseline equipment for this measure is defined as a non-occupant based room thermostat
(either manual or programmable) installed in the designed room. Recently Idaho adopted IECC
2012 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the recent adoption the
programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these standards and savings
for both are provided.
83 The savings represented in this table give equal weight to the two prevailing baseline conditions (e.g. with and without a
housekeeping set-back).

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems 98
2.11.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkWhUnittypical = Σ(ΔkWh/Uniti * Wi)
2.11.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-86 and Table 2-87 according to case temperatures.
ΔkWh/Unittypical Typical measure savings on a per unit basis.
ΔkWh/Uniti housekeeping practices, weather zone, and heating fuel source.
Wi Population weight for each ΔkWh/Uniti. Calculated by dividing the expected number of participants with ΔkWh/Uniti by the total number of
expected participants.
2.11.5. Sources
1. Prototypical hotel and motel simulation models were developed in EnergyPlus by ADM
Associates Inc. for this measure.
2. U.S. Department of Energy Report on PTAC and PTHP energy use in Lodging facilities:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/pdfs/ptac_pthps
_tsd_ch7_09-30-08.pdf
3. Kidder Mathews, Real Estate Market Review (Seattle Hotel). 2010
2.11.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.84
Table 2-86 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems - Retrofit
Housekeeping
Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Gas Electric Heat-Gas Electric

84 Savings values are based on an assumed 46% annual average guestroom vacancy rate. This assumption is based on real estate
market research for Boise, Idaho Falls, and Post Falls in 2010.

Hotel/Motel Guestroom Energy Management Systems 99
Table 2-87 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2009)
Housekeeping Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Gas Electric Heat-Gas Electric

Table 2-88 Unit Energy Savings for GREM Systems – New Construction (IECC 2012)
Housekeeping Setback
Weather Zone 5 Weather Zone 6
Heat-Gas Electric Heat-Gas Electric

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 100
2.12. High Efficiency Air Conditioning
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to energy efficient air conditioning
units installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either
equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-88 and Table 2-89 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) unit energy impacts for
this measure.85 Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below
and data from past program participants. Note that Table 2-89 reports the incremental savings
and costs associated with going from CEE Tier 1 to CEE Tier 2 and are therefore additive with
those reported in Table 2-88.
Table 2-89 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – Base to CEE Tier 1
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.15 kW .06 kW .07 kW
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 144.49 $ 158.83

Table 2-90 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Air Conditioning – CEE Tier 1 to CEE
Tier 2
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 48 kWh 48 kWh 48 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.03 kW .03 kW .03 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost $ 98.54 $ 98.54 $ 98.54
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

2.12.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All commercial unitary and split air conditioning system are eligible (This includes Package
Terminal Air Conditioners) provided the installed equipment meets or exceeds current
85 See spreadsheet “11-TypicalCalcs_GREM.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 101
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 efficiencies. High efficiency chillers are not
eligible under this measure, but are included as a separate measure in this document. Note that
projects replacing pre-existing heat-pump units with A/C only are eligible under this measure –
though no impacts are considered for the heating component. Eligibility is determined by
calculating the EER, SEER, and/or the IEER for the installed unit.
2.12.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition then the baseline
efficiency is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in
working order, then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new
construction. Note that units replacing window/wall mounted air-conditioners, room air-
conditioners, and/or evaporative cooling are not eligible for early replacement and are
considered “New Construction.”
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable EER by the
prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007. Recently Idaho
adopted IECC 2012 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the recent
adoption the programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these standards
and savings for both are provided. Note that this only impacts the savings for CEE Tier 1 units.
The baseline efficiency for Tier 1 units is CEE Tier 0 (or code as applicable) while the baseline
efficiency for Tier 2 units is CEE Tier 1.
2.12.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = Cap * (1/SEERbase – 1/SEERInstalled) / 1000 * EFLH
ΔkW = Cap * (1/EERbase – 1/EERInstalled) / 1000 * CF
2.12.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWpeak Expected peak demand savings.
EFLH Equivalent full load cooling hours of. Idaho specific EFLH are by weather zone and
building in Table 2-94.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 102
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio for base and installed systems. This is defined as the ratio of
the cooling capacity of the air conditioner in British Thermal Units per hour, to the total electrical input in watts. Since ASHRAE does not provide EER requirements for air-
cooled air conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h, assume the following conversion:
EER ≈ -0.02 * SEER2 + 1.12 * SEER
SEER Seasonal Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit. This is defined as the
ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs), to electrical input (in Watts). SEER or IEER are unknown or unavailable use the following formula to estimate from
the EER: 86
2
Cap Nominal cooling capaity in kBTU/Hr (1 ton = 12,000BTU/Hr)
2.12.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.87
4. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.California
DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
5. 2012 CEE building efficiency standards
2.12.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

86 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.
87 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 103

Table 2-91 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – Retrofit Baseline to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Expected Savings Expected Savings Measure Cost [$/Ton]
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.08 176.5 $1,390.27
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.12 181.1 $845.26
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.13 170.0 $745.21
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.13 179.7 $847.79
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.14 230.3 $781.57
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.15 326.1 $855.23
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.19 268.4 $767.93
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.21 286.8 $1,481.90
Standard All Capacities - PTAC 0.10 145.1 $1,020.09
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.09 176.5 $1,142.71
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.23 268.8 $644.93
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.22 264.6 $634.98
Standard 19-64 ton VRF - 10.5 EER 0.24 283.2 $805.76

Table 2-92 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2009) Baseline
to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Savings Savings Incremental
Cost [$/Ton]
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.03 50.9 $106.50
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.03 47.4 $43.83
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.02 31.4 $16.93
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.02 30.6 $69.30
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.04 67.3 $136.63
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.13 200.9 $207.12
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.09 137.5 $278.96
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.10 148.2 $266.83
Standard All Capacities - PTAC 0.10 145.1 $188.16
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.04 50.9 $271.18
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.13 137.5 $127.28
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.13 128.5 $93.51
Standard 19-64 ton VRF - 10.5 EER 0.14 137.2 $180.02

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 104
Table 2-93 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – New Construction (IECC 2012) Baseline
to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Savings Savings Incremental
Cost [$/Ton]
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 11.8 SEER 0.03 50.9 $106.50
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.07 101.6 $87.65
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 11.6 EER 0.06 87.4 $44.03
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.4 EER 0.06 99.2 $207.91
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 9.8 EER 0.07 112.8 $222.02
Standard 5 ton or less unit – Water Cooled 14 EER 0.09 137.8 $107.76
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.10 149.8 $298.89
Standard 11 ton or greater unit – Water Cooled 13.9 EER 0.07 105.0 $200.12
Standard All Capacities - PTAC 0.03 36.4 $87.75
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.04 50.9 $271.18
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.13 190.7 $171.11
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.13 183.6 $120.60
Standard 19-64 ton VRF - 10.5 EER 0.14 204.4 $318.63

Table 2-94 Deemed Savings for High Efficiency A/C – CEE Tier 1 to CEE Tier 288
Base Description Savings Savings Incremental Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 12.3 SEER 0.028 44.1 $106.50
Standard 5-11 ton AC unit – 12.1 EER 0.033 51.6 $54.78
Standard 11-19 ton AC unit – 12.1 EER 0.026 39.9 $23.71
Standard 19-64 ton AC unit – 10.7 EER 0.043 67.7 $173.26
Standard 64 ton or greater unit – 10.3 EER 0.023 36.6 $85.39
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.02 44.1 $285.03

88 Note that CEE Tier 2 savings are the incremental savings (and cost) between Tier 1 and Tier 2.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 105
Table 2-95 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Cooling and Heating Hours (EFLH) by Building
Type 89
Zone 5 Zone 6
Building Type
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138

89 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 106
Table 2-96 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 107
Table 2-97 CEE Minimum Efficiencies by Unit Type for All Tiers90
Equipment Size Heating Subcategory Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2
Air Conditioners,
Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)
<65,000
Btu/h All
Split System
Single Package
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
≥135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
≥240,000 Btu/h and
<760,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
≥760,000
Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
Air
Conditioners, Water Cooled
<65,000 All Split System and NA 14.0 EER NA*
≥65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
≥135,000
Btu/h
Electric Res.
Or None
Split System and
Single Package
All Other Split System and
Single Package
VRF Air Cooled
(Cooling Mode)
<65,000
Btu/h All Multisplit System NA 14.0 SEER 15.0 SEER
≥65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Electric Res.
Or None Multisplit System NA 11.7 EER
14.9 IEER NA
90 Values obtained from 2012 CEE building efficiency standards for unitary air conditioning units.

High Efficiency Air Conditioning 108
Equipment
Type
Size
Category
Heating
Section Type Subcategory Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2
≥135,000
Btu/h and <240,000 Electric Res. Or None Multisplit System NA 11.7 EER
14.4 IEER NA
≥240,000 Electric Res.
Or None Multisplit System NA 10.5 EER NA

High Efficiency Pumps 109
2.13. High Efficiency Heat Pumps
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to energy efficient heat pump units
installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either
equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-97 through Table 2-99 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) unit energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below
and data from past program participants. 91 Note that the values listed the tables below are
averaged across each of the system efficiency and tonnage categories offered by the program.
Table 2-103 through Table 2-108 at the end of this section provide individual savings and
materials/labor costs.
Table 2-98 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Cooling Only)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 213 kWh 79 kWh 87 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.15 kW .06 kW .05 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1,103 n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 339 $ 339
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-99 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Heating Only)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,098 kWh 685 kWh 245 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 1,103 n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 339 $ 335
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating

91 See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Pumps 110
Table 2-100 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - Base to CEE Tier 1
(Heating And Cooling)
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012

Table 2-101 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Cooling Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 44 kWh 44 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .03 kW .03 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost $ 83 $ 83
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-102 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Heating Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 60 kWh 60 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost $ 83 $ 83
Stacking Effect End-Use Heating

High Efficiency Pumps 111
Table 2-103 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Heat Pumps - CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
(Heating and Cooling)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Average Unit Energy Savings 104 kWh 104 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .03 kW .03 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a n/a
Average Incremental Cost $ 83 $ 83
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling, Heating

2.13.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All heat pump systems are eligible provided the installed equipment meets or exceeds current
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 efficiencies. Note that projects replacing pre-
existing A/C only units with heat-pump units are eligible under this measure. In such project the
heating component must use a new construction baseline whereas the cooling component can
use either (retrofit or new construction) baselines as deemed appropriate. Eligibility is
determined by calculating the EER, SEER, IEER, and/or HSPF as appropriate for the installed
unit.
2.13.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or New construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition then the baseline
efficiency is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in
working order, then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new
construction.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable EER by the
prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was permitted.
Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007. Recently Idaho
adopted IECC 2012 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the recent
adoption the programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these standards
and savings for both are provided. Note that this only impacts the savings for CEE Tier 1 unit.

High Efficiency Pumps 112
2.13.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWhCool + ΔkWhHeat
= Cap * (1/EERbase, cool – 1/SEERInstalled, cool) / 1000 * EFLHCool +
Cap * (1/EERbase, Heat – 1/HSPFInstalled, Heat) / 1000 * EFLHHeat
ΔkWpeak = Cap * (1/EERbase, cool – 1/EERInstalled, cool) / 1000 * CF
2.13.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWpeak Expected peak demand savings.
EFLH Equivalent full load cooling hours of. Idaho specific EFLH are by weather zone
and building in Table 2-106.
CF
which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio for base and installed systems in cooling and heating modes. This is defined as the ratio of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner in
ASHRAE does not provide EER requirements for air-cooled air conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h, assume the following conversion:
EER ≈ -0.02 * SEER2 + 1.12 * SEER
SEER Seasonal Energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioning unit. This is defined as the ratio of the Annual cooling provided by the air conditioner (in BTUs), to the total
electrical input (in Watts). Note that the IEER is an appropriate equivalent. If the
SEER or IEER are unknown or unavailable use the following formula to estimate from the EER: 92

SEER = .0507 * EER2 + .5773 * EER + .4919
HSPF Heating Season Performance Factor. This is identical to the SEER (described above) as applied to Heat Pumps in heating mode. If only the heat pump COP is
available then use the following:

2
Cap Nominal cooling capaity in kBTU/Hr (1 ton = 12,000BTU/Hr)
92 Note that this formula is an approximation and should only be applied to EER values up to 15 EER.

High Efficiency Pumps 113
2.13.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.93
4. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.California
DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
2.13.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-104 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – Retrofit base to CEE Tier 1 94
Measure Description Savings -
Cooling
Savings -
Cooling
Savings -
Heating
Savings -
All
Measure
Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.13 176 274 450 $1,365
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.11 161 1,599 1,760 $810
Standard 11-19 ton HP unit – 10.7 EER 0.12 163 1,869 2,032 $734
Standard 19-64 ton HP unit – 10.1 EER 0.16 237 1,869 2,105 $669
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.20 275 642 918 $1,056
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.16 215 751 966 $1,056
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.16 215 852 1,068 $1,056
Groundwater-source HP Less than 11 Tons - 16 EER 0.28 371 844 1,215 $1,622
Groundsource HP Less than 11 Tons - 13 EER 0.20 327 1,605 1,932 $5,381
Package Terminal Heat Pump - 10.8 EER 0.10 134 397 530 $1,449
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.15 181 246 427 $1,471
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.2 EER 0.12 274 820 1,094 $879
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 10.8 EER 0.12 274 790 1,063 $805
Standard greater than 19 ton VRF - 10.2 EER 0.17 355 790 1,145 $736

93 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific Heating and Cooling Interactive Factors and
Coincidence factors for various building and heating fuel types.
94 Heating COP was assumed to be 15% less efficient than the cooling EER after converting. The value was obtained from
comparing ASHRAE code standards for heating and cooling efficiencies. See spreadsheet “14-TypicalCalcs_HeatPumps_v3.xlsx”
for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Pumps 114
Table 2-105 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – New Construction (IECC
2009) Base to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Demand Savings - Cooling Savings - Cooling Savings - Heating Savings - All Incr.Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.04 51 74 125 $90
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.01 19 1,038 1,058 $16
Standard 11-19 ton HP unit – 10.7 EER 0.02 21 1,245 1,266 $10
Standard 19-64 ton HP unit – 10.1 EER 0.05 70 1,245 1,315 $139
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.11 145 345 490 $455
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.07 96 430 526 $455
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.07 96 510 606 $455
Groundwater-source HP Less than 11 Tons - 16 EER 0.18 238 539 777 $443
Groundsource HP Less than 11 Tons - 13 EER 0.11 185 1,014 1,199 $4,441
Package Terminal Heat Pump - 10.8 EER n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.06 56 61 117 $216
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.2 EER 0.02 133 259 391 $85
Standard 11-19 ton VRF - 10.8 EER 0.02 131 166 298 $81
Standard greater than 19 ton VRF - 10.2 EER 0.06 188 166 355 $206

Table 2-106 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – New Construction (IECC
2012) Base to CEE Tier 1
Measure Description Demand Savings -
Cooling
Energy Savings -
Cooling
Energy Savings -
Heating
Energy Savings -
All Incr.Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.04 51 74 125 $90
Standard 5-11 ton HP unit – 11.1 EER 0.01 13 317 329 $11
Standard 11-19 ton HP unit – 10.7 EER 0.01 82 283 365 $7
Standard 19-64 ton HP unit – 10.1 EER 0.04 109 283 392 $121
Standard 1.5 ton or less Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.11 145 281 426 $455
Standard 1.5-5 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.07 96 281 377 $455
Standard 5-11 ton Water Source HP - 14 EER 0.07 96 281 377 $455
Groundwater-source HP Less than 11 Tons - 16 EER 0.08 106 107 213 $436
Groundsource HP Less than 11 Tons - 13 EER 0.09 206 146 352 $4,433
Package Terminal Heat Pump - 10.8 EER n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.04 48 68 115 $216
Standard 5-11 ton VRF - 11.7 EER 0.04 52 79 52 $80
Standard 11-19 ton VRF – 11.3 EER 0.04 58 84 142 $78
Standard greater than 19 ton VRF – 10.1 EER 0.04 65 84 149 $188

High Efficiency Pumps 115
Table 2-107 Deemed Energy Savings for Efficient Heat Pumps – CEE Tier 1 to Tier 2
Measure Description Demand Savings - Cooling
Energy Savings - Cooling
Energy Savings - Heating
Energy Savings - All
Incr. Cost
Standard 5 ton or less unit – 14 SEER 0.028 44.1 60.4 104.5 $75
Standard 5 ton or less VRF - 14 SEER 0.02 39.4 56.8 96.2 $236

Table 2-108 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type 95
Building Type
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989

95 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Pumps 116
Table 2-109 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.1
Education - Secondary School 0.1
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

High Efficiency Pumps 117
Table 2-110 CEE Baseline Efficiency by Unit Type 96
Equipment
Type
Size
Category
Heating Section Subcategory Tier 0 Tier 1 Tier 2
Air Conditioners, Air Cooled (Cooling Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h All
Split System NA
Single Package NA
≥65,000
Btu/h and <135,000
Btu/h
Electric
Resistance
Split System
and Single 11.4 IEER 12.3 IEER NA*
All Other
Split System and Single 11.2 IEER 12.1 IEER NA*
≥135,000
Btu/h and <240,000
Btu/h
Electric
Resistance
Split System
and Single 11.0 IEER 11.9 IEER NA*
All Other
Split System and Single 10.8 IEER 11.7 IEER NA*
≥240,000
Btu/h and <760,000
Btu/h
Electric Resistance Split System and Single 10.4 IEER 10.9 IEER NA*
All Other
Split System
and Single 10.2 IEER 10.7 IEER NA*
Air Cooled (Heating Mode)
<65,000 Btu/h - Single Package NA 8.0 HSPF 8.5 HSPF
≥65,000
Btu/h and <135,000
Btu/h
- 47oF db/43oF NA 3.4 COP NA*
- 17oF db/15oF NA 2.4 COP NA*
≥135,000 Btu/h
- 47oF db/43oF NA 3.2 COP NA*
- 17oF db/15oF No Spec. 2.1 COP NA*
Water Source <135,000 All 86oF Entering No Spec. 14.0 EER NA*
Water Source <135,000 - 68oF Entering No Spec. 4.6 COP NA*

96 These values are from 2012 CEE

High Efficiency Chillers 118
2.14. High Efficiency Chillers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to Electric Chillers installed in
commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either equipment retrofit
or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-109 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past
program participants. Note that the values listed in the table below are averaged across each of
the system efficiency and tonnage categories offered by the program. Table 2-110 through
Table 2-115 at the end of this section provide individual savings and materials/labor costs.
Table 2-111 Typical Savings Estimates for High Efficiency Chillers97
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Tons Tons
Expected Useful Life 20 Years 20 Years
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling
2.14.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
All commercial chiller units are eligible provided the installed equipment meets or exceeds
current federal minimum efficiencies. Eligibility is determined by calculating the Integrated Part
Load Value (IPLV) for the installed unit. The algorithms and stipulated assumptions stipulated
for High Efficiency Chillers apply only to like-for-like chiller replacements and are not suited for
addition of variable speed drives (VSDs) or plant optimization.
Only primary chillers will qualify. Chillers intended for backup service only are not eligible. Air-
cooled chiller efficiencies must include condenser-fan energy consumption. Efficiency ratings for
IPLV must be based on ARI standard rating conditions per ARI-550-98 & ARI-590-98.
2.14.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment in working condition then the baseline
efficiency is defined by the pre-existing equipment. If the equipment being replaced is not in
97 See spreadsheet “11-TypicalCalcs_GREM.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs.

High Efficiency Chillers 119
working order, then this is considered “replace on burn-out” and the baseline becomes new
construction.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For New Construction, the baseline efficiency is defined as the minimum allowable COP and
IPLV by the prevailing building energy code or standard according to which the project was
permitted. Current applicable standards are defined by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007.
2.14.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = Cap * (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * EFLH
ΔkW = Cap * (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * CF
ΔkWh/Uniti = (IPLVbase – IPLVmeas) * EFLHi
2.14.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings.
IPLV 98 Efficiency of high efficiency equipment expressed as Integrated Part Load Value in units of kW/Ton
Cap Chiller nominal cooling capacity in units of Tons
CF Peak coincidence factor. Represents the % of the connected load reduction which occurs during Idaho Power’s peak period.
EFLH Annual Equivalent Full Load cooling hours for chiller. Values for various building
types are stipulated in Table 2-113. When available, actual system hours of use should be used.
ΔkWh/Uniti Typical measure savings on a per unit basis per kBTU/hr.
2.14.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5.99
98 Integrated Part Load Value is a seasonal average efficiency rating calculated in accordance with ARI Standard 550/590. It may be
presented using one of several sets of units: EER, kW/ton, or COP.
99 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Chillers 120
4. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
5. California DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
2.14.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-112 Deemed Measure Savings for Retrofit
Deemed Savings kW/Ton kWh/Ton Measure Cost
Air Cooled, with Condenser, Electronically All Sizes 0.258 622.26 $571.57
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive
Displacement (Reciprocating) 0.148 357.28 $582.74
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal >150 and 0.088 211.2 $626.09

Table 2-113 Deemed Measure Savings for New Construction
Deemed Savings kW/Ton kWh/Ton Incremental Cost
Air Cooled, with Condenser, Electronically All Sizes 0.196 472.44 $86.12
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive
Displacement (Reciprocating)
>150 and 0.113 271.67 $49.52
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal >150 and 0.056 135.62 $24.72

High Efficiency Chillers 121
Table 2-114 Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Equipment Type Size Category Minimum Efficiency
Air-Cooled Chiller with Condenser
< 150 Tons IPLV: 14.0 EER or
≥ 150 Tons IPLV: 14.0 EER or
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, reciprocating & positive displacement
< 75 Tons IPLV: 0.52 or less
≥ 75 and < 150 IPLV: 0.52 or less
≥ 150 and < 300 IPLV: 0.49 or less
≥ 300 Tons IPLV: 0.49 or less
Water Cooled Chiller electronically operated, centrifugal
< 150 Tons IPLV: 0.52 or less
≥ 150 and < 300 IPLV: 0.52 or less
≥ 300 and < 600 IPLV: 0.45 or less

High Efficiency Chillers 122
Table 2-115 Stipulated Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH) by Building Type 100
Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly 879 966 758 1059
Education - Primary School 203 299 173 408
Education - Secondary School 230 406 196 514
Education - Community College 556 326 530 456
Education - University 697 341 721 449
Grocery 3437 1825 3762 2011
Health/Medical - Hospital 1616 612 1409 679
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 1049 1399 884 1653
Lodging - Hotel 1121 621 1075 780
Lodging - Motel 978 682 937 796
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 530 699 415 1088
Office - Large 746 204 680 221
Office - Small 607 256 567 360
Restaurant - Sit-Down 811 624 716 709
Restaurant - Fast-Food 850 722 734 796
Retail - 3-Story Large 765 770 644 998
Retail - Single-Story Large 724 855 576 998
Retail - Small 726 886 619 1138
Storage - Conditioned 335 688 242 989
Warehouse - Refrigerated 5096 79 5049 71

100 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific heating and cooling equivalent full load hours for
various buildings.

High Efficiency Chillers 123
Table 2-116 HVAC Coincidence Factors by Building Type
Building Type Coincidence Factor
Assembly 0.47
Education - Community College 0.54
Education - Primary School 0.10
Education - Secondary School 0.10
Education - University 0.53
Grocery 0.54
Health/Medical - Hospital 0.82
Health/Medical - Nursing Home 0.49
Lodging - Hotel 0.67
Lodging - Motel 0.63
Manufacturing - Light Industrial 0.46
Office - Large 0.58
Office - Small 0.51
Restaurant - Fast-Food 0.48
Restaurant - Sit-Down 0.46
Retail - 3-Story Large 0.66
Retail - Single-Story Large 0.56
Retail - Small 0.49
Storage - Conditioned 0.41

High Efficiency Chillers 124
Table 2-117 Code Baseline COP and IPLV by Unit Type 101
Equipment Type Size Minimum Efficiency Minimum Efficiency
Air Cooled, with Condenser, All Capacities 102
Air Cooled, without Condenser, All Capacities
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement All Capacities 5.05 IPLV 5.05 IPLV
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated,
Positive Displacement (Rotary and Scroll)
< 150 tons
≥ 150 tons and
≥ 300 tons
Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal
< 150 tons
≥ 150 tons and
≥ 300 tons
Water-Cooled Absorption Single All Capacities 0.70 COP 0.70 COP
Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-All Capacities
Absorption Double Effect, Direct-All Capacities
Equipment Type Size Minimum Efficiency Minimum Efficiency
Air Cooled, with Condenser, All Capacities 2.80
Air Cooled, without Condenser, All Capacities

101 These values are from Tables 6.8.1 in ASHRAE 90.1 for the unit type method. Note that values for both 2004 and 2007 versions
of Standard 90.1 are included. The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers in low-temperature applications where
the design leaving fluid temperature is < 40oF. COP refers to the full load efficiency and IPLV refers to the part time load efficiency.
102 Note that all IPLV values are in units of COP which need to be converted to kW/Ton using the following formula: kW/Ton =
12/(COP*3.412)

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 125
2.15. Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect)
Evaporative coolers provide an effective space cooling alternative to direct expansion units in
dry climates such as found in Idaho. Evaporative coolers can be designed in direct and indirect
configurations.
A direct evaporative cooler represents the simplest and most efficient approach by pulling air
directly through a wetted media to cool the air before dispersing it into the space. A direct
evaporative cooler will also humidify the incoming air which, depending on the ambient
conditions, can lead to high indoor humidity levels.
Indirect evaporative coolers employ heat exchangers to cool dry outside air on one side with
evaporatively cooled moist air on the other. The two air streams are kept separate and the moist
air exhausted outside while the dry cool air is supplied indoors. These systems are more
complex and often much larger than direct systems because they require more space for heat
large exchangers. However; indirect coolers do not increase the indoor humidity levels.103
Table 2-116 through Table 2-118 summarize the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-118 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (All)104
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 392 kWh 353 kWh 342 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.28 kW 0.26 kW 0.25 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,654 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $840 $840
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

103 Except by the normal relationship between temperature and relative humidity.
104 Note that these figures assume a weighted average between direct and indirect evaporative coolers in both weather zones. See
spreadsheet “16-TypicalCalcs_EvapDirectIndirect.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 126
Table 2-119 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Direct)105
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 443 kWh 399 kWh 386 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.32 kW 0.29 kW 0.28 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $1,178 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $364 $364
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-120 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Coolers (Indirect)106
Retrofit IECC 2009 IECC 2012
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 316 kWh 285 kWh 276 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.23 kW 0.21 kW 0.20 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $2,367 - -
Average Incremental Cost - $1,553 $1,553
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling
2.15.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes any direct or indirect evaporative cooler systems used to supplant
direct expansion (DX) system of equivalent size (or greater). Evaporatively pre-cooled DX
systems do not qualify under this measure.
2.15.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
Baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the pre-existing DX system.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel)
Baseline equipment for New Construction projects is a new DX system meeting federal or local
building energy code (whichever is applicable) minimum efficiency requirements. Recently
105 Ibid. Note that these values are for Direct Evaporative units only.
106 Ibid. Note that these values are for Indirect Evaporative units only.

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 127
Idaho adopted IECC 2012 as the energy efficiency standard for new construction. Given the
recent adoption the programs are expected to see participants permitted to either of these
standards and savings for both are provided.
2.15.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = kW/Unit * Cap
2.15.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings between baseline and installed equipment.
Cap Nominal capacity (in Tons) of the air-cooled equipment
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-119 and Table 2-120.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-119 and Table 2-120.
2.15.5. Sources
1. California Energy Commission. Advanced Evaporative Cooling White Paper. 2004
2. Southwest Energy Efficiency Project & UC Davis Western Cooling Efficiency Center.
SWEEP / WCEC Workshop On Modern Evaporative Cooling Technologies. 2007
3. 3012-14 Non-DEER Ex Ante measure work papers submitted by Southern California
Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric. http://www.deeresources.com/
2.15.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-121 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 5
Retrofit
Measure kWh / Unit kW / Unit kWh / Unit kW / Unit kWh / Unit kW / Unit
Direct Evaporative 456 kWh 0.32 kW 410 kWh 0.29 kW 397 kWh 0.28 kW
326 kWh 0.23 kW 293 kWh 0.21 kW 284 kWh 0.20 kW

Evaporative Coolers (Direct and Indirect) 128
Table 2-122 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Coolers – Weather Zone 6
Retrofit
Measure kWh / Unit kW / Unit kWh / Unit kW / Unit kWh / Unit kW / Unit
Direct Evaporative 391 kWh 0.32 kW 352 kWh 0.29 kW 341 kWh 0.28 kW
Indirect Evaporative 279 kWh 0..23 kW 251 kWh 0.21 kW 243 kWh 0.20 kW

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 129
2.16. Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers)
Evaporative pre-coolers, when added to an air-cooled condenser coil, can improve both
equipment capacity and energy efficiency. The algorithms and assumptions for this measure are
applicable to retrofits in which a separate evaporative cooling system is added onto an air-
cooled condenser. Such systems include saturated media, water nozzles (and associated water
piping), and a rigid frame. The additional equipment is used to evaporatively pre-cool ambient
air before it reaches the air-cooled condenser. This not a replacement of an air-cooled
condenser with an evaporative condenser. Typical applications include refrigeration systems
and air-cooled chillers.
The tables below summarize the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-123 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Chillers)107
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 106 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .09 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 173 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-124 Typical Savings Estimates for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Refrigeration
Systems)108
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton Ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 186 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .16 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 173 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a

107 See spreadsheet “17-TypicalCalcs_EvapPreCool.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
108 See spreadsheet “17-TypicalCalcs_EvapPreCool.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 130
2.16.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligible equipment includes any retrofit in which equipment is added to an existing air-cooled
condenser to evaporatively cool the ambient air temperature before reaching the condenser
coils. Self-contained evaporative condensing coils are not eligible as part of this measure.
Eligible systems must be purchased and installed by a qualified contractor.
2.16.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing air-cooled condenser coil in a properly
working and maintained condition.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is defined to be a properly working and
maintained air-cooled condenser coil with all required fan and head pressure controls as defined
by the local energy codes and standards.
2.16.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = kWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = kW/Unit * Cap
2.16.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected peak demand savings between baseline and installed equipment.
Cap Nominal capacity (in Tons) of the air-cooled equipment
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-123.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-123.
2.16.5. Sources
8. Bisbee, Dave & Mort, Dan. Evaporative Precooling System: Customer Advanced
Technologies Program Report Technology Evaluation Report. 2010 109
109 https://www.smud.org/en/business/save-energy/energy-management-solutions/documents/evapercool-tech-aug10.pdf

Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers) 131
9. Shen, Bo et al. 2010. Direct Evaporative Precooling Model and Analysis. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory. ORNL/TM-2010/231 110
10. One other internal monitoring study was referenced when deriving savings values for
this measure; however, has not been made public.
2.16.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-125 Unit Energy Savings for Evaporative Pre-Cooler (For Air-Cooled Condensers)
Measure kWh per Unit Savings kW per Unit Savings
Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Installed on Chillers) 106 0.09
Evaporative Pre-Cooler (Refrigeration Systems) 186 0.16

110 http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/2010/3445605702460.pdf

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 132
2.17. Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications)
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
on HVAC fans and pumps installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects
which represent either equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-124 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected unit energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on algorithms and stipulated values described below and data from past
program participants.
Table 2-126 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Chilled Water Pumps,
Condensing Water Pumps, and Cooling Tower Fans
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 286 kWh 268 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 194.28 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 165.33
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

Table 2-127 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for VFDs Installed on Fans & Hot Water
Pumps
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,065 kWh 996 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 174.82 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 142.05
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling

2.17.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Only VFDs installed on variably loaded motors, from 5 to 300 horsepower, in HVAC applications
are eligible under this measure. Note that systems of motors which are individually less than 5
horsepower are eligible provided that: 1) they are controlled by a common VFD, and 2) the
aggregate horsepower of motors controlled by a single VFD is greater than 5 HP. New
construction projects must meet or exceeds current federal minimum requirements and must not
be required by the applicable building codes. Retrofit projects must remove or permanently
disable any pre-existing throttling or flow control device(s), and cannot replace a pre-existing
VFD.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 133
2.17.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is retrofitting pre-existing equipment with a variable frequency drive then the
baseline control strategy is defined by the pre-existing control strategy.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
For facilities that are installing VFDs during a new construction project the minimum HVAC
fan/pump controls strategy is dictated by the prevailing building energy code or standard
according to which the project was permitted. Current applicable control standards are defined
by ASHRAE 90.1-2004 and 90.1-2007.

Code Compliance Considerations for HVAC VFDs
Section 6.5.3 Of the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard specifies horsepower threshold in which VFDs
must be installed on individual fans in VAV air-side delivery systems. Section 6.5.4 specifies a
horsepower threshold for pumps in hydronic variable flow systems. Note that the is the system
has less than three control valves then it is exempt from the VFD requirement. Section 6.5.5
specifies a horsepower threshold for heat rejections fans such as cooling tower fans. Note that
the threshold for VAV fans does changes between the 2004 and 2007 versions of Standard
90.1.
2.17.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = .746 * HP * LF / ηmotor *HRS * ESF
ΔkW = 0
2.17.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Peak demand savings are defined to be zero for this measure.
HP Manufacturer name plate rated horsepower of the motor.
LF Load Factor. Ratio between the actual load and the rated load. Motor efficiency curves typically result in motors being most efficient at approximately 75% of the rated load.
The default value is 0.75.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 134
ηmotor Manufacturer name plate efficiency of the motor at full load.
HRS Annual operating hours of VFD. Values for various building types and end uses are
stipulated in Table 2-126.
ESF Energy Savings Factor. Percent of baseline energy consumption saved by installing a VFD. The appropriate ESF can be found in Table 2-127.
2.17.5. Sources
1. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2004.
2. ASHRAE, Standard 90.1-2007.
3. California DEER Effective Useful Life worksheets: EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
4. California DEER Incremental Cost worksheets: Revised DEER Measure Cost Summary
(05_30_2008) Revised (06_02_2008).xls
2.17.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 135
Table 2-128 Stipulated Hours of Use for Commercial HVAC Motors
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly
Education – Primary School
Education – Secondary School
Education – Community College
Education – University
Grocery
Health/Medical – Hospital
Health/Medical – Nursing Home

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 136
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Lodging – Hotel
Lodging – Motel
Manufacturing – Light Industrial
Office – Large
Office – Small
Restaurant – Sit Down
Restaurant – Fast Food
Retail – 3 Story
Retail – Single Story

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 137
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Retail – Small
Storage – Conditioned

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 138
Table 2-129 Stipulated Energy Savings Factors (ESF) for Commercial HVAC VFD Installations
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Assembly
Education – Primary School
Education – Secondary School
Education – Community College
Education – University
Grocery
Health/Medical – Hospital
Health/Medical – Nursing Home

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 139
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Lodging – Hotel
Lodging – Motel
Manufacturing – Light Industrial
Office – Large
Office – Small
Restaurant – Sit Down
Restaurant – Fast Food
Retail – 3 Story
Retail – Single Story

Variable Frequency Drives (For HVAC Applications) 140
Building Type Motor Usage Group Zone 5 Zone 6
Retail – Small
Storage – Conditioned

Water-Side Economizers 141
2.18. Water-Side Economizers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to energy efficient air conditioning
units installed in commercial spaces. This measure applies to projects which represent either
equipment retrofit or new construction (including major renovations).
Table 2-128 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per combined chillers tonnage) unit energy
impacts for this measure. Typical values are based on algorithms and stipulated values
described below and data from past program participants.
Table 2-130 Typical Savings Estimates for Water-Side Economizers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton (Chillers) Ton (Chillers)
Average Unit Energy Savings 184 kWh 154 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0 kW 0 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 462.69 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 462.69
Stacking Effect End-Use Cooling
2.18.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Eligibility is determined by the installed cooling system. A water cooled chilled water plant must
be present and a separate cooling tower installed dedicated to providing free cooling to the
chilled water loop.
2.18.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction. For both cases the
assumed baseline is a water cooled chilled water plant with no waterside free cooling
capabilities.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
If the project is adding waterside economizing capabilities to a pre-existing chilled water system
then it is considered a retrofit except when the project involves an expansion of capacity of the
chilled water plant.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Waterside economizer additions on new chilled water plants and on pre-existing plants
undergoing expansion are considered new construction for the purposes of this measure.

Water-Side Economizers 142
2.18.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
2.18.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Ton Per unit energy savings as stipulated by weather zone.
Capsupplanted The combined rated capacities of all the chillers supplanted by the waterside
economizer.
2.18.5. Sources
11. California DEER Prototypical Simulation models (modified), eQUEST-DEER 3-5002E 111
2.18.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-131 Water Side Economizer Savings 112
Zone Retrofit Savings New Construction
5 183 153
6 186 155

111 Prototypical building energy simulations were used to generate Idaho specific kWh savings for various buildings.
112 See “19-TypicalCalcs_WaterEcono.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 143
2.19. Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of a new reach-in
commercial refrigerator, or freezer meeting ENERGY STAR 2.0 efficiency standards. ENERGY
STAR labeled commercial refrigerators and freezers are more energy efficient because they are
designed with components such as ECM evaporator and condenser fan motors, hot gas anti-
sweat heaters, and/or high-efficiency compressors, which will significantly reduce energy
consumption.
Table 2-130 and Table 2-131 summarize ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this
measure can be found. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values
described below.113
Table 2-132 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (< 30 ft3)114
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Refrigerator Refrigerator
Average Unit Energy Savings 6.2 kWh 6.2 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.66 W 0.66 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 7,626 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 108
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-133 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Refrigerators (30 to 50 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Refrigerator Refrigerator
Average Unit Energy Savings 5.4 kWh 5.4 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.58 W 0.58 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 12,133 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 135
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

113 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzrIce.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings, EUL, and incremental costs.
There isn’t a difference between new construction and retrofit because the retrofit baseline is at least as efficient as that required by
federal equipment standards.
114 These numbers do not include chest refrigerators. Inclusion of chest refrigerators would increase the ‘typical’ savings estimates.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 144
Table 2-134 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (< 30 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Freezer Freezer
Average Unit Energy Savings 28 kWh 28 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 3.0 W 3.0 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 11,052 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 163
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-135 Typical Savings Estimates for ENERGY STAR Freezers (30 to 50 ft3)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Freezer Freezer
Average Unit Energy Savings 75 kWh 75 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 8.0 W 8.0 W
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 12,806 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 35
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.19.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new commercial vertical solid, glass door refrigerator or freezer, or
vertical chest freezer meeting the minimum ENERGY STAR 2.0 efficiency level standards.
2.19.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline equipment used to establish energy savings estimates for this measure is
established by the Regional Technical Forum (RTF). The RTF uses an existing solid or glass
door refrigerator or freezer meeting the minimum federal manufacturing standards as specified
by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The RTF sources a market potential study for and uses a
baseline that is more efficient than code. Consequently, there is no distinction between
baselines for new construction and retrofit projects
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
See explanation above
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
See explanation above

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 145
2.19.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Nunits
= ΔkWh/Unit * CF / Hours
2.19.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-134 and Table 2-135.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings.
ΔkW/Uniti Unit demand savings for combination i of type, harvest rate, and/or volume.
CF Coincidence Factor = 0.937
Hours Annual operating hours = 8760
NUnits Number of refrigerators or freezers
2.19.5. Sources
12. Regional Technical Forum measure workbooks:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComFreezer_v3.xlsm &
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComRefrigerator_v3.xlsm
13. Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.19.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 146
Table 2-136 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 15 to 30 cu.ft 115
Measure Category Energy Savings Peak Reduction
Solid Door Refrigerator 4.8 0.52
Glass Door Refrigerator 7.5 0.8
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) 29 3.1
Chest Refrigerator (Glass) 181 19.4
Solid Door Freezers 9.9 1.06
Glass Door Freezers 46.2 4.94
Chest Freezer (Solid) 0.0 0.0
Chest Freezer (Glass) 7.8 0.84

Table 2-137 Unit Energy and Demand Savings for Units 30 to 50 cu.ft.116
Measure Category
Solid Door Refrigerator 5.3 0.57
Glass Door Refrigerator 5.5 0.59
Chest Refrigerator (Solid) 29 3.1
Glass Door Freezers 146 15.6

115 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzrIce.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy saving.
116 See spreadsheet “20-TypicalCalcs_KitchFrigFrzrIce.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy saving.

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 147
Table 2-138 List of Incremental Cost Data For Refrigerators and Freezers.117
Type Size Category Incremental Cost Average Cost
Solid Door Freezers $25
Glass Door Freezers $256
Solid Door Refrigerators ($30)
Glass Door Refrigerators $158

117 From RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComFreezer_v3.xlsm

Kitchen: Refrigerators/Freezers 148
Table 2-139 List of Materials Cost Data for Refrigerators and Freezers.118
Size Category Qualifying Products Average List Price
Solid Door Refrigerators
0<V<15 $ 3,484.00
15<=V<30 $ 6,513.17
30<=V<50 $ 12,111.17
50<=V $ 17,694.20
Glass Door Refrigerators
0<V<15 $ 3,181.67
15<=V<30 $ 8,739.33
30<=V<50 $ 12,155.60
50<=V $ 16,747.75
Chest Refrigerators (Solid and Glass)
All Sizes $ 4,097.38
Solid Door Freezers
0<V<15 n/a
15<=V<30 $ 7,204.67
30<=V<50 $ 13,033.33
50<=V $ 18,738.25
Glass Door Freezers
0<V<15 n/a
15<=V<30 $ 14,899.00
30<=V<50 $ 12,578.50
50<=V $ 19,299.00
Chest Freezers (Solid and Glass)
All Sizes $ 1,487.70

118 From RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComFreezer_v3.xlsm

Kitchen: Ice Machines 149
2.20. Kitchen: Ice Machines
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of a new commercial
ice machine meeting ENERGY STAR 2.0 efficiency standards. The ENERGY STAR label is
applied to air-cooled, cube-type ice machines including ice-making head, self-contained, and
remote-condensing units.
Table 2-138 and Table 2-139 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below. 119
Table 2-140 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (<200 lbs/day)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 336 kWh 336 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .07 kW .07 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 2,165 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 189
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-141 Typical Savings Estimates for Ice Machines (>200 lbs/day)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 341 kWh 341 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings .07 kW .07 kW
Expected Useful Life 10 Years 10 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 4,800 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $ 480
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.20.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new commercial ice machine meeting the minimum ENERGY STAR
2.0 efficiency level standards.
119 See spreadsheet “21-TypicalCalcs_KitchIceMcn.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental costs.
There isn’t a difference between new construction and retrofit because the retrofit baseline is at least as efficient as that required by
federal equipment standards.

Kitchen: Ice Machines 150
2.20.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline condition for retrofit and new construction is established by the RTF. The RTF
uses a commercial ice machine meeting federal equipment standards established January 1,
2010. The RTF sources a market potential study for and uses a baseline that is more efficient
than code. Consequently, there is no distinction between baselines for new construction and
retrofit projects
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
See explanation above
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
See explanation above
2.20.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
= [(kWhbase – kWhInstalled) * H * Hours/(24*100) + ΔkWhwastewater ]* NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
= ΔkWh/Uniti,ice * CF / Hours
2.20.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Demand energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-140.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-140.
kWhbase/Installed Daily energy usage of base (baseline) or installed ice machines.
ΔkWhwastewater Annual savings from reduced water usage.
CF Coincidence Factor = 0.937 120
H Harvest Rate (pounds of ice made per day)
Hours Annual operating hours = 4400
120 From Illinois TRM

Kitchen: Ice Machines 151
NUnits Number of refrigerators or freezers
2.20.5. Sources
14. Regional Technical Forum measure workbooks:
15. http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComIceMaker_v1_1.xlsx
16. SDG&E Work Paper: WPSDGENRCC0004, “Commercial Ice Machines”
17. Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.20.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-142 Unit Energy Savings for Ice Machine 121
Measure kWh per Unit kW per Unit
Energy Star Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 297 0.063
Energy Star Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,153 0.246
Energy Star Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 184 0.039
Energy Star Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit >200 lbs/day ice 450 0.096
Energy Star Air Cooled Remote Condensing Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 394 0.084
Energy Star Air Cooled Remote Condensing Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,082 0.231
CEE Tier 2 Water Cooled Ice Making Head Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 232 0.049
CEE Tier 2 Water Cooled Ice Making Head Unit >200 lbs/day ice 744 0.158
CEE Tier 2 Water Cooled Self-Contained Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 137 0.029
CEE Tier 2 Water Cooled Self-Contained Unit >200 lbs/day ice 343 0.073
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 448 0.095
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Ice Making Head Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,587 0.338
CEE Tier 3 Water Cooled Ice Making Head Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 357 0.076
CEE Tier 3 Water Cooled Ice Making Head Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,371 0.292
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 385 0.082
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Self-Contained Unit >200 lbs/day ice 950 0.202
CEE Tier 3 Water Cooled Self-Contained Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 292 0.062
CEE Tier 3 Water Cooled Self-Contained Unit >200 lbs/day ice 734 0.156
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Remote Condensing Unit <=200 lbs/day ice 636 0.135
CEE Tier 3 Air Cooled Remote Condensing Unit >200 lbs/day ice 1,747 0.372

121 Values given are based on assumed weights for harvest rates. Savings vary significantly between harvest rates.

Kitchen: Ice Machines 152
Table 2-143 Unit Incremental Cost for Ice Machines
Harvest Rate (H) New Construction & ROB Retrofit - ER
100-200 lb ice machine $189 $2,165
201-300 lb ice machine $818 $3,260
301-400 lb ice machine $281 $2,740
401-500 lb ice machine $63 $2,646
501-1000 lb ice machine $233 $3,728
1001-1500 lb ice machine $550 $5,301
>1500 lb ice machine $866 $7,668

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 153
2.21. Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to the installation of new high and low
temp under counter, single tank door type, single tank conveyor, and multiple tank conveyor
dishwashers installed in a commercial kitchen meeting ENERGY STAR efficiency standards.
ENERGY STAR dishwashers save energy in four categories: reduction in wastewater
processing, building water heating, booster water heating, and idle energy. Building water
heating and booster water heating can be either electric or natural gas.
Table 2-142 and Table 2-143 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per machine) energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below. 122
Table 2-144 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Commercial Dishwashers (All Electric)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 5,561 kWh 5,561 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.41 kW 0.41 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 3,978 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 3, 978
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

Table 2-145 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Commercial Dishwashers (Gas Heater with
Electric Booster)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 1,761 kWh 1,761 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.23 kW 0.23 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 3,978 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 3,978
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads
122 Savings estimates are only given for a quick cost effectiveness test. The estimates are based on assumed weights for equipment
types. See spreadsheet “22-TypicalCalcs_KitchDshWshr.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy savings, expected useful life, coincidence factor, and incremental costs. Note that there isn’t a difference between new
construction and retrofit because code doesn’t constrain commercial dishwasher efficiencies. The baseline used in the RTF is
conservative.

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 154
Table 2-146 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Residential Dishwashers (All Electric)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,210 kWh 2,210 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.19 kW 0.19 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 232 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 232
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

Table 2-147 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Residential Dishwashers (Gas Heater with
Electric Booster)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Machine
Average Unit Energy Savings 821 kWh 821 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.10 kW 0.10 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 232 n/a
Average Incremental Cost Machine $ 232
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads

2.21.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is an ENERGY STAR certified dishwasher meeting the thresholds for
idle energy rate (kW) and water consumption (gallons/rack) limits listed in the tables below.
Maximum idle rates are determined by both machine type and sanitation approach
(chemical/low temp versus high temp). Dishwashers installed with both gas hot water and gas
booster water heating are not eligible. However; dishwashers installed with electric booster
water heating are eligible in buildings using gas hot water heating.
Table 2-148 Idle Rate Requirements for Low Temperature Dishwashers
Type
Post Condition
Idle Energy Rate (kW) Water Consumption (GPR)

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 155
Table 2-149 Idle Rate Requirements for High Temperature Dishwashers
Type
Post Condition
Idle Energy Rate (kW) Water Consumption (GPR)
0.38 0.74
Door type 0.55 0.68
Single tank conveyor 1.45 0.39
Multiple tank conveyor 1.84 0.35

2.21.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
The baseline condition is a dishwasher that’s not ENERGY STAR certified and doesn’t meet the
efficiency thresholds for idle energy rate (kW) and water consumption (gallons/rack).
2.21.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW/Unit = (ΔkWh/Unit / HrsIdle) * CF
2.21.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
kWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-149and Table 2-150.
kW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-149and Table 2-150.
CF Coincidence Factor 123
NUnits Number of dishwashers
HrsIdle Annual Idle Hours. Values for this input are stipulated in Table 2-149
and Table 2-150.
123 From Illinois TRM

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 156
2.21.5. Sources
18. Regional Technical Forum measure workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComDishwasher_v1_2.xlsm
19. Illinois Technical Reference Manual
2.21.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-150 Coincidence Factor for Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 118 124
Location CF
Fast Food Limited Menu 0.32
Fast Food Expanded Menu 0.41
Pizza 0.46
Full Service Limited Menu 0.51
Full Service Expanded Menu 0.36
Cafeteria 0.36

Table 2-151 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for All Electric Kitchen: Efficient
Dishwashers 125
Equipment Type Electric Savings Demand Savings Idle Hours Inc. Cost - Retrofit Inc. Cost - New Construction
Low Temp Under Counter 3,271 0.283 3375 $232.00 $232
Low Temp Door Type 3,684 0.135 1632 $2,659 $2,659
Low Temp Single Tank Conveyor 3,067 0.281 3600 $5,882 $5,882
Low Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 6,864 0.588 3600 $3,394 $3,394
High Temp Under Counter 1,150 0.103 3375 $232 $232
High Temp Door Type 4,586 0.269 1632 $2,659 $2,659
High Temp Single Tank Conveyor 7,265 0.540 3600 $5,882 $5,882
High Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 7,897 0.658 3600 $3,394 $3,394

124 From Illinois TRM
125 See spreadsheet “22-TypicalCalcs_KitchDshWshr.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings.

Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers 157
Table 2-152 Unit Energy Savings and Incremental Costs for Gas Heater with Electric Booster
Kitchen: Efficient Dishwashers
Equipment Type Savings Savings Idle
Hours
Inc. Cost -
Retrofit
Inc. Cost - New
Construction
Low Temp Under Counter 975 0.116 3375 $2,297 $232
Low Temp Door Type -352 -0.087 1632 $2,297 $2,659
Low Temp Single Tank Conveyor 1,337 0.150 3600 $2,297 $5,882
Low Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 1,862 0.209 3600 $2,297 $3,394
High Temp Under Counter 668 0.080 3375 $2,297 $232
High Temp Door Type 1,684 0.416 1632 $2,297 $2,659
High Temp Single Tank Conveyor 2,275 0.255 3600 $2,297 $5,882
High Temp Multi Tank Conveyor 3,761 0.421 3600 $2,297 $3,394

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 158
2.22. Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases
This protocol estimates savings for installing high efficiency refrigerated cases. Efficient cases
have low- or no-heat glass doors, efficient fan motors, efficient lighting, and efficient
evaporators.
Table 2-151 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear foot) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-153 Typical Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigerated Cases 126
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear ft. n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings Table 2-152 n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings Table 2-152 n/a
Expected Useful Life 12 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $906.27 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.22.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Efficient cases with doors must have low- or no-heat glass doors, efficient fan motors, efficient
lighting, and evaporators that raise the suction temperature set point by at least 3° F. Efficient
cases without doors must the same features excluding door requirements. Savings for cases
that don’t satisfy all requirements must be treated under their corresponding measure chapters
(e.g. efficient lighting, evaporator fans, and/or low-no-heat glass).
2.22.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario. For purposes of the energy savings estimates
open cases are assumed to utilize night covers for 6 hours at night.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a standard refrigerated case. A standard case is
defined as any refrigerated case without any of the following equipment:
1) Low- or no-heat door glass (applies only to fixtures with doors)
2) ECM fan motors
3) LED case lighting
4) Evaporator controls which raise the suction temperature set-point by at least 3° F
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
126 See spreadsheet “23-TypicalCalcs_EffCases.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental cost.

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 159
New construction is not eligible for this measure as this measure is assumed to be standard
practice.
2.22.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.22.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit The unit annual energy savings
listed by weather zone in Table 2-152.
ΔkW/Unit The unit peak reduction
weather zone in Table 2-152.
NUnits Number of linear feet of refrigerated case
2.22.5. Sources
20. DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
21. DEER EUL/RUL Values:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
2.22.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Efficient Refrigerated Cases 160
Table 2-154 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigerated Cases
Case Type (Std. to Eff.)
Climate Zone 5 Climate Zone 6
Per Unit kWh Per Unit kW Per Unit kWh Per Unit kW

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 161
2.23. Refrigeration: ASH Controls
Anti-sweat heater (ASH) controls turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of
condensation. There are two commercially available control strategies that achieve “on-off”
control of door heaters based on either: (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or (2) the
“conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the
system activates door heaters when the relative humidity in a store rises above a specific set-
point and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that set-point. In the second
strategy, the sensor activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain
set-point and turns them off when the conductivity rises above that set-point. Without controls,
anti-sweat heaters run continuously whether they are necessary or not. Savings are realized
from the reduction in energy used by not having the heaters running at all times. In addition,
secondary savings result from reduced cooling load on the refrigeration unit when the heaters
are off.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to ASH controls installed on
commercial glass door coolers and freezers.
Table 2-153 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear ft. of case) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-155 Typical Savings Estimates for ASH Controls 127
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit linear ft. of case n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 208 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 23.7 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a
2.23.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is assumed to be a door heater control on a commercial glass door
cooler or refrigerator utilizing humidity or conductivity control. This does not apply to special
doors with low/no anti-sweat heat.
2.23.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
127 See spreadsheet “24-TypicalCalcs_ASH.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings,
expected useful life, and incremental costs.
128 The cost is based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum Measure Workbook for this measure:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v1_0.xlsm

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 162
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a commercial glass door cooler or refrigerator with a
standard heated door with no controls installed.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
2.23.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
waste Sav
2.23.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
WInstalled Connected load (kW) for typical reach-in refrigerator or freezer door and frame with
DF
Fwaste Waste Heat Factor. Defined as the percentage of ASH energy use that is converted into heat in the case and must be removed by the refrigeration system. Stipulated
FSav ASH run-
2.23.5. Sources
22. June 2001 edition of ASHRAE Journal
23. Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v1_0.xlsm
24. http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
2.23.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: ASH Controls 163
Table 2-156 Connected Load for Typical Reach-In Case 129
Case Type kWBas EER DF Fwaste FSav ΔW/linear ΔkWh/linear
Low Temperature 72 5.12 0.98 0.35 0.5 38.7 339
Medium Temperature 43 11.2 0.98 0.35 0.8 8.8 76.8
Average 57 8.2 0.98 0.35 0.65 23.7 208

129 The values are based on the most recent Regional Technical Forum Measure Workbook for this measure.
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/Com/ComGroceryAntiSweatHeaters_v1_0.xlsm

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 164
2.24. Refrigeration: Auto-Closer
Auto-closers on freezers and coolers can reduce the amount of time that doors are open,
thereby reducing infiltration and refrigeration loads.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to auto-closers installed on reach-in
and walk-in coolers and freezers.
Table 2-155 through Table 2-158 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per door) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below. 130
Table 2-157 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Low-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 2,547 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.27 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 139.32 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-158 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Walk-In, Med-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 575 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.14 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 139.32 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

130 See spreadsheet “25-TypicalCalcs_AutoCloser_v2.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 165
Table 2-159 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Low-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 560 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.07 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 139.32 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-160 Typical Savings Estimates for Auto-Closers (Reach-In, Med-Temp)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 373 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.06 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 8 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 139.32 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.24.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is an auto-closer that must be able to firmly close the door when it is
within one inch of full closure.
2.24.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is doors not previously equipped with functioning auto-closers and
assumes the walk-in doors have strip curtains.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
2.24.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:

Refrigeration: Auto-Closer 166
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.24.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit provided in Table 2-159 based on case type and temperature.
ΔkW/Unit Unit demand savings estimates
provided in Table 2-159 based on case type and temperature.
NUnits Number of doors onto which this measure is installed.
2.24.5. Sources
25. Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryAutoCloser_v1_0.xlsm
26. http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
27. Workpaper PGECOREF110.1 – Auto-Closers for Main Cooler or Freezer Doors
28. DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.24.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-161 Unit Energy and Demand Savings Estimates
Case Temperature ΔkWh/Unit ΔkW/Unit
Low Temperature (Reach-in) 560 0.07
Medium Temperature (Reach-in) 373 0.06
Low Temperature (Walk-in) 2,547 0.27
Medium Temperature (Walk-in) 575 0.14

Refrigeration: Condensers 167
2.25. Refrigeration: Condensers
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to efficient air and evaporative cooled
refrigeration condensers. Condensers can be oversized in order to take maximum advantage of
low ambient dry-bulb (for air-cooled) or wet-bulb (for evaporative cooled) temperatures.
Table 2-160 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ton) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-162 Summary Deemed Savings Estimates for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Ton ton
Average Unit Energy Savings 120 kWh 114 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.118 kW 0.112 kW
Expected Useful Life 15 Years 15 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost n/a
n/a
2.25.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Efficient condenser retrofits must have floating head pressure controls, staged or VSD
controlled fans, must operate with subcooling of 5°F or more at design conditions and have a
TD of 8°F of less for low-temp systems, 13°F or less for med-temp systems and 18°F or less for
evaporative condensers.
2.25.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
Baseline equipment for this measure is determined by the nature of the project. There are two
possible scenarios: retrofit (early replacement) or new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing condenser coil in a properly working
and maintained condition.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for new construction projects is defined to be a properly working and
maintained condenser coil with all required fan and head pressure controls as defined by the
local energy codes and standards.
2.25.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
131 From DEER 2005 Database
132 From Ameren TRM

Refrigeration: Condensers 168
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Nunits
2.25.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-161.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-161.
Nunits Number of condensers installed on individual systems

2.25.5. Sources
29. Ameren Missouri Technical Resource Manual
2.25.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-163 Unit Energy Savings for Efficient Refrigeration Condenser 133
Measure kWh/Ton kW/Ton
Energy Efficient Condenser - Retrofit 120 0.118
Energy Efficient Condenser – New Construction 114 0.112

133 From Ameren Missouri Technical Resource Manual

Refrigeration: Controls 169
2.26. Refrigeration: Controls
Floating-head pressure controls take advantage of low outside air temperatures to reduce the
amount of work for the compressor by allowing the head pressure to drop and rise along with
outdoor conditions. Dropping the head pressure during low outdoor ambient temperature
conditions (less than 70 degrees F) reduces compressor energy consumption and overall
runtime. Floating suction pressure requires controls to reset refrigeration system target suction
temperature based on refrigerated display case or walk-in temperature, rather than operating at
a fixed suction temperature set-point. This also reduces compressor energy consumption and
overall runtime.
Table 2-162 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Suction Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 104 kWh 77 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 19 W 10 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $86.91 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $53.75
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-163 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 440 kWh 225 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 17 W 11 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $272.60 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $166.60
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-164 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per unit) energy impacts for this measure.
Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.

Refrigeration: Controls 170
Table 2-164 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Suction Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 104 kWh 77 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 19 W 10 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $86.91 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $53.75
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-165 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head Pressure Controls (Only)
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 440 kWh 225 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 17 W 11 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $272.60 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $166.60
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-166 Typical Savings Estimates for Floating Head and Suction Pressure Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Average Unit Energy Savings 544 kWh 302 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 36 W 21 W
Expected Useful Life 16 Years 16 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $359.51 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $220.35
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.26.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Refrigeration systems having compressors with motors rated 1 horsepower or larger are
eligible. A head pressure control valve (flood-back control valve) must be installed to lower
minimum condensing head pressure from fixed position (180 psig for R-22; 210 psig for R-404a)
to a saturated pressure equivalent to 70 degrees F or less. Either a balanced-port or electronic
expansion valve that is sized to meet the load requirement at a 70 degree condensing
temperature must be installed. Alternatively, a device may be installed to supplement
refrigeration feed to each evaporator attached to condenser that is reducing head pressure.

Refrigeration: Controls 171
2.26.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for retrofit projects is the existing refrigeration system without floating
head and/or suction pressure controls.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
The baseline equipment for New Construction projects is a refrigeration system meeting current
federal energy efficiency requirements and without floating head and/or suction pressure
controls.
2.26.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * Cap
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * Cap
2.26.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-165 and Table 2-166 according to building type, building vintage, and baseline refrigeration
system type.
ΔW/Unit Per unit demand savings (in Watts) as stipulated in Table 2-165 and Table 2-166 according to building type, building vintage, and baseline
refrigeration system type.
Cap The capacity (in Tons) of the refrigeration system(s) onto which controls are being installed.
2.26.5. Sources
30. DEER Database for Energy-Efficient Resources. Version 2011 4.01
31. DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
32. Regional Technical Forum UES workbook for Floating Head Pressure Controls:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryFHPCSingleCompressor_v1_1.xls

Refrigeration: Controls 172
2.26.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-167 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for Retrofit Projects
Measure Description ΔkWh/HP ΔW/HP
Grocery, Floating Suction Pressure 104 17.27
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (air-cooled) 325 -0.81
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 466 4.59
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (air-cooled) 345 9.05
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 484 26.89
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (air-cooled) 520 21.90
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 515 30.85
Ref Warehse, Floating Suction Pressure 115 57.89
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 351 45.10
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 351 45.10
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 467 45.10

Table 2-168 Unit Energy and Demand Savings estimates for New Construction Projects
Measure Description ΔkWh/HP ΔW/HP
Grocery, Floating Suction Pressure 78 9.62
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (air-cooled) 120 0.00
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 184 -23.55
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (air-cooled) 169 16.24
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 190 0.62
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (air-cooled) 411 63.16
Grocery, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 226 4.96
Ref Warehse, Floating Suction Pressure 70 12.31
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Fixed Setpoint (evap-cooled) 352 28.06
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpoint (evap-cooled) 352 28.06
Ref Warehse, Floating Head Pressure, Variable Setpt & Speed (evap-cooled) 438 28.06

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 173
2.27. Refrigeration: Door Gasket
Tight fitting gaskets inhibit infiltration of warm, moist air into the cold refrigerated space, thereby
reducing the cooling load. Aside from the direct reduction in cooling load, the associated
decrease in moisture entering the refrigerated space also helps prevent frost on the cooling
coils. Frost build-up adversely impacts the coil’s, heat transfer effectiveness, reduces air
passage (lowering heat transfer efficiency), and increases energy use during the defrost cycle.
Therefore, replacing defective door gaskets reduces compressor run time and improves the
overall effectiveness of heat removal from a refrigerated cabinet.
The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable to door gaskets installed on reach-in
and walk-in coolers and freezers.
Table 2-167 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per linear ft. of gasket) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-169 Typical Savings Estimates for Door Gaskets
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit linear ft. of gasket n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 2.4 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.27 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 4 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 9.61 134 n/a
2.27.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a new door gasket and must replace a worn or damaged gasket on
the main insulated solid door of a walk-in cooler. Replacement gaskets must meet the
manufacturer’s specifications regarding dimensions, materials, attachment method, style,
compression, and magnetism.
2.27.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is a door gasket that has a tear that is at least large enough for a hand
to pass through (6 inches).
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
134 Weighted Cost from DEER Measure Cost Summary

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 174
n/a
2.27.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔW = ΔWunit * L
2.27.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔW Expected demand reduction (in Watts) between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWhunit Deemed kWh savings stipulated in Table 2-168.
ΔWunit Deemed kW savings stipulated in Table 2-168.
L Length of gasket replaced in feet.
2.27.5. Sources
33. CPUC Reports of Strip Curtains and Gaskets
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/subcommittees/grocery/CPUC%20Strip&Gasket%202010.zip
34. Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDoorGasketReplacement_v1_0.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm
35. DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.27.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Door Gasket 175
Table 2-170 Unit Energy Savings for Door Gaskets 135
Case Type ΔkWhunit ΔWunit
Reach-In (Low-Temp)
Reach-In (Med-Temp) 0.53 0.06
Walk-In (Low-Temp) 5.10 0.58
Walk-In (Med-Temp) 0.70 0.08

135 Walk-in values obtained from CPUC reports. Reach-in values referenced by using a similar reach-in to walk-in ratio as RTF

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 176
2.28. Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans
Existing standard efficiency evaporator fan motors in reach-in and walk-in freezers and coolers
can be retrofitted with high-efficiency motors and/or controllers. These measures save energy
by reducing fan usage, refrigeration load (due to heat from motors), and compressor energy
(from electronic temperature control).The following algorithms and assumptions are applicable
to reach-in and walk-in evaporator fans.
Table 2-169 through Table 2-171 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per motor) energy impacts
for this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described on
the next page. 136
Table 2-171 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in and Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

Table 2-172 Typical Savings Estimates for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Motors
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 593 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 61 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 296.78 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

136 See spreadsheet “29-TypicalCalcs_EvapFans.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations.

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 177
Table 2-173 Typical Savings Estimates for Reach-in Evaporator Fan Motors
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Motor n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 318 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 44 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 15 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 84.45 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration

2.28.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment for high-efficiency evaporator fan motors is Electronically Commutated
(ECM) or Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) motors. PSC motors can only replace shaded pole
(SP) motors, and ECM motors can replace either SP or PSC motors. Eligible fan motor controls
can either be 2 speed (hi/low) or cycle the fans (on/off). Controls must cut fan motor power by at
least 75 percent during the compressor “off” cycle.
2.28.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment for high-efficiency evaporator fan motors is SP or PSC evaporator fan
motors in reach-in and walk-in freezers and coolers. SP motors can be retrofitted with either
ECMs or PSCs. Existing PSC motors can only be retrofitted with ECMs. The baseline for
controls is a fan that operated continuously and at full speed prior.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
2.28.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = NUnits *[ (kWhFan) + (kWhFan * 3.413) / EER]
ΔkW = NUnits * kWhFan * CF / Hours
kWhFan, motor = (kWmotor, base – kWmotor, Installed) * Hours
kWhFan, control = (kWhcontrol, base – kWhcontrol, Installed)

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 178
kWmotor, base = Wattsbase / (ηbase *1000)
kWmotor, Installed = WattsInstalled / (ηInstalled *1000)
kWhcontrol, base = Wattsbase * Hours / (ηbase *1000)
kWhcontrol, Installed = kWhfullspeed + kWhlowspeed
kWhfullspeed = kWhcontrol, base * Run Time %
kWhlowspeed = % Speed2.5 * kWhcontro, base * Run Time %
2.28.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
NUnits Number of fans
Hours Annual operating hours
CF Coincidence Factor
kWmotor, i Connected load of the base and installed motors
Wattsbase/Installed Baseline motor output wattage - If unknown, see Table 2-173 and Table 2-176.
ηbase/Installed Efficiency of baseline (base) or installed motor(s) - If unknown, see Table 2-173 and Table 2-176.
kWhcontrol, i Fan annual energy usage before (base) and after (Installed) controls
kWhFan Fan motor annual energy usage
kWhfullspeed Fan annual energy usage at full speed
kWhlowspeed Fan annual energy usage at low speed
Run Time % Run Time % - Percent of time that fan is at corresponding speed see Table 2-178.
% Speed Ratio of low speed to full speed in a percent = 35% see Table 2-178.
2.28.5. Sources
36. Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinEvapFanECMController_v1_1.
xls

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 179
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm
37. EnergySmart Grocer Invoice Data
38. AHRI Standard 1200 – 2006
39. Federal Rulemaking for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Technical Support
Document. 2009
40. Pennsylvania TRM
2.28.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-174 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Reach-ins
Motor
Output 137
SP
Input
ECM
Input
PSC
Input ECM
Efficiency 138 PSC Efficiency SP Efficiency
9 45 14 31 66% 29% 20%
19.5 97.5 29.5 67.2 66% 29% 20%
37 185 56 128 66% 29% 20%

137 From RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
138 Values from AHRI Standard 1200 - 2006

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 180
Table 2-175 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Reach-ins 139
Retrofit Type
Base
Power
(Watts)
Installed Power Annual
Hours EER
Energy Savings
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 9 Watt Output 45 14 8,760 9 379
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 19.5 Watt 98 30 8,760 9 821
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt 185 56 8,760 9 1,558
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM in display case - 98 30 8,030 5 918
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt Output 185 56 8,030 5 1,742
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 19.5 Watt 98 67 8,760 9 366
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt Output 185 128 8,760 9 694
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC in display case - 98 67 8,030 5 409
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt Output 185 128 8,030 5 776
Med Temp PSC to ECM - 37 Watt Output (1/20 128 56 8,760 9 864
Low Temp PSC to ECM in display case - 19.5 67 30 8,030 5 509
Low Temp PSC to ECM - 37 Watt Output (1/20 128 56 8,030 5 966

Table 2-176 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Reach-
ins
Retrofit Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP to ECM 477 0.049 $84.45
SP to PSC 212 0.022 $84.45
PSC to ECM 265 0.027 $84.45

139 kWh algorithms from RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 181
Table 2-177 Evaporator Fan Motor Output and Input Power for Walk-ins 140
Motor Output SP Input ECM Input PSC Input ECM
Efficiency
PSC
Efficiency 141
SP
Efficiency
16-23 75 30 48 66% 41% 26%
37 142 56 90 66% 41% 26%
49.7 191 75 121 66% 41% 26%

140 All values except PSC Efficiency are from RTF Workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinEvapFanECMController_v1_1.xls
141 PSC Efficiency from Pennsylvania TRM

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 182
Table 2-178 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-ins 142
Retrofit Type
Base
Power
(Watts)
Installed Power Annual
Hours
EER

Total Energy Savings
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 16-23 Watt 75 30 8,760 11.16 520
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 37 Watt 142 56 8,760 11.16 987
Med Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 49.7 Watt 191 75 8,760 11.16 1325
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 16-23 Watt 75 30 8,760 5.12 664
Low Temp Shaded Pole to - 37 Watt Output 142 56 8,760 5.12 1259
Low Temp Shaded Pole to ECM - 49.7 Watt 191 75 8,760 5.12 1691
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 16-23 Watt 75 48 8,760 11.16 314
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 37 Watt 142 90 8,760 11.16 596
Med Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 49.7 Watt 191 121 8,760 11.16 800
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 16-23 Watt 75 48 8,760 5.12 401
Low Temp Shaded Pole to - 37 Watt Output 142 90 8,760 5.12 760
Low Temp Shaded Pole to PSC - 49.7 Watt 191 121 8,760 5.12 1021
Med Temp PSC to ECM - 37 Watt Output (1/20 90 56 8,760 11.16 391
Med Temp PSC to ECM - 49.7 Watt Output 121 75 8,760 11.16 525

142 kWh algorithms are based on RTF Workbook: http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryWalkinECM_v1_1.xlsm

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 183
Table 2-179 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-ins
Retrofit Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP to ECM 659 0.068 $304.58
SP to PSC 398 0.041 $226.53
PSC to ECM 261 0.027 $304.58

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 184
Table 2-180 Un-Weighted Baseline kWh Savings for Walk-in Evaporator Fan Controls
Baseline Fan Energy Savings Full Speed Low Speed
Walk-in Motor
Type
Output Power EER Input Power Annual
Hours
Annual Energy Run Time Annual Energy Run Time %
Speed
Annual Energy Direct
(kWh)
Refrig.
(kWh)
Total
(kWh)
Med SP 37 (1/20 11.16 142 8,760 1247 52% 648 48% 35% 43 555 170 725
Med SP 49.7 11.16 191 8,760 1675 52% 871 48% 35% 58 746 228 974
Low SP 37 (1/20 5.12 142 8,760 1247 68% 848 32% 35% 29 370 247 617
Low SP 49.7 5.12 191 8,760 1675 68% 1139 32% 35% 39 497 331 828
Med PSC 37 (1/20 11.16 90 8,760 791 52% 411 48% 35% 28 352 108 460
Med PSC 49.7 11.16 121 8,760 1062 52% 552 48% 35% 37 473 145 617
Low PSC 37 (1/20 5.12 90 8,760 791 68% 538 32% 35% 18 235 156 391
Low PSC 49.7 5.12 121 8,760 1062 68% 722 32% 35% 25 315 210 525
Med ECM 37 (1/20 11.16 56 8,760 491 52% 255 48% 35% 17 219 67 286
Med ECM 49.7 11.16 75 8,760 660 52% 343 48% 35% 23 294 90 384

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 185
Baseline Fan Evap Fan Controls Energy Savings
Low ECM 5.12 56 8,760 491 68% 334 32% 35% 11 146 97 243
Low ECM 49.7 5.12 75 8,760 660 68% 449 32% 35% 15 196 131 326

Refrigerator: Evaporator Fans 186
Table 2-181 Average Savings and Incremental Cost by Evaporator Fan Motor Type for Walk-in
Evaporator Fan Controls
Motor Type kWh Savings kW Savings Incremental Cost
SP 452 0.046 $161.74
PSC 285 0.029 $161.74
ECM 178 0.018 $161.74

Refrigeration: Insulation 187
2.29. Refrigeration: Insulation
This measure applies to installation of insulation on existing bare suction lines (the larger
diameter lines that run from the evaporator to the compressor) that are located outside of the
refrigerated space. Insulation impedes heat transfer from the ambient air to the suction lines,
thereby reducing undesirable system superheat. This decreases the load on the compressor,
resulting in decreased compressor operating hours, and energy savings. Table 2-180 and Table
2-181 summarize the ‘typical’ expected (per foot) energy impacts for this measure. Typical
values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-182 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Medium-Temperature
Coolers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear Foot n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 7.5 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 1.6 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 11 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 4.46

Table 2-183 Typical Savings Estimates for Suction Line Insulation for Low-Temperature
Freezers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Linear Foot n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 12 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 2.3 W n/a
Expected Useful Life 11 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost
2.29.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Insulation must insulate bare refrigeration suction lines of 2-1/4 inches in diameter or less on
existing equipment only. Medium temperature lines require 3/4 inch of flexible, closed-cell, nitrite
rubber or an equivalent insulation. Low temperature lines require 1-inch of insulation that is in
compliance with the specifications above. Insulation exposed to the outdoors must be protected
from the weather (i.e. jacketed with a medium-gauge aluminum jacket).
143 From SCE Work Paper: WPSCNRRN0003.1
144 From SCE Work Paper: WPSCNRRN0003.1

Refrigeration: Insulation 188
2.29.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is an un-insulated (bare) refrigeration suction line.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
New construction is not eligible since installation of insulation on refrigerant suction line is
standard practice.
2.29.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
2.29.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Unit energy savings. Stipulated values for this input are listed in Table 2-182.
ΔkW/Unit Unit demand savings. Stipulated values for this input are listed in Table 2-182.
L Length of insulation installed.
2.29.5. Sources
41. Southern California Edison Company, "Insulation of Bare Refrigeration Suction Lines",
Work Paper WPSCNRRN0003.1
42. Pennsylvania Technical Reference Manual
2.29.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.

Refrigeration: Insulation 189
Table 2-184 Unit Energy Savings for Suction Line Insulation 145
Case Type ΔkW/ft ΔkWh/ft
Medium-Temperature Coolers 0.001548 7.5
Low-Temperature Freezers 0.00233 12

145 See spreadsheet “30-TypicalCalcs_RefIns.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy savings
and incremental costs. Unit energy savings are referenced from the DEER for California climate zone 16 (which exhibits the most
similar weather to Idaho). Note that these savings do not exhibit significant sensitivity to outdoor weather.

Refrigeration: Night Covers 190
2.30. Refrigeration: Night Covers
Night covers are deployed during facility unoccupied hours in order to reduce refrigeration
energy consumption. These types of display cases can be found in small and medium to large
size grocery stores. The air temperature inside low-temperature display cases is below 0°F and
between 0°F to 30°F for medium-temperature and between 35°F to 55°F for high-temperature
display cases. The main benefit of using night covers on open display cases is a reduction of
infiltration and radiation cooling loads. It is recommended that these covers have small,
perforated holes to decrease moisture buildup. The following algorithms and assumptions are
applicable to night covers installed on existing open-type refrigerated display cases.
Table 2-183 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per ft. of the opening width) energy impacts for
this measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described
below.
Table 2-185 Typical Savings Estimates for Night Covers
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit ft. of case n/a
Average Unit Energy Savings 29 kWh n/a
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.0 kW n/a
Expected Useful Life 5 Years n/a
Average Material & Labor Cost $ 42.20 146 n/a
2.30.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is assumed to be a refrigerated case with a continuous cover deployed
during overnight periods. Characterization assumes covers are deployed for six hours daily.
2.30.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline equipment is assumed to be an open refrigerated case with no continuous
covering deployed during overnight periods.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
146

Refrigeration: Night Covers 191
2.30.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * L
ΔkW = 0
2.30.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Defined to be zero for this measure. Demand savings are zero because
it is assumed that the covers aren’t used during the peak period.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-184 according to case temperature and climate zone.
2.30.5. Sources
43. SCE Workpaper: “Night Covers for Open Vertical and Horizontal LT and Open Vertical
MT Display Cases,” SCE13RN005.0
44. RTF Workbook:
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/com/ComGroceryDisplayCaseECMs_v2_2.xlsm
45. DEER Measure Cost Summary:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/DEER2008_Costs_ValuesA
ndDocumentation_080530Rev1.zip
2.30.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-186 Unit Energy Savings for Refrigeration: Night Covers
CZ Case Type Savings
5 Low Temperature 66.67
5 Medium Temperature 28.99
6 Low Temperature 75
6 Medium Temperature 30.43

Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass 192
2.31. Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass
New low heat/no heat door designs incorporate heat reflective coatings on the glass, gas
inserted between the panes, non-metallic spacers to separate the glass panes, and/or non-
metallic frames (such as fiberglass). This protocol documents the energy savings attributed to
the installation of special glass doors with low/no anti-sweat heaters for low temp cases. Table
summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per door) energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-187 Typical Savings Estimates for Low/No Heat Doors 147
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Door Door
Average Unit Energy Savings 281 kWh 253 kWh
Average Unit Peak Demand Savings 0.17 kW 0.15 kW
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Average Material & Labor Cost $472 n/a
Average Incremental Cost n/a $386
Stacking Effect End-Use Refrigeration
2.31.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a no-heat/low-heat clear glass on an upright display case. It is limited
to door heights of 57 inches or more. Doors must have either heat reflective treated glass, be
gas filled, or both. This measure applies to low temperature cases only—those with a case
temperature below 0°F. Doors must have 3 or more panes. Total door rail, glass, and frame
heater wattage cannot exceed 54 Watts per door for low temperature display cases.
2.31.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is assumed to be a commercial glass door that consists of two-pane
glass, aluminum doorframes and door rails, and door and frame heaters. For the purposes of
calculating typical energy savings for this measure it is assumed that the baseline door and
frame heaters consume 214 Watts per door.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a
147 See spreadsheet “32-TypicalCalcs_NoHeatGlass.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings, EUL, and incremental cost.

Refrigeration: No-Heat Glass 193
2.31.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
ΔkWh = ΔkWh/Unit * NUnits
ΔkW = ΔkW/Unit * NUnits
2.31.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings. Stipulated values for this input can be found in Table […].
ΔkW/Unit Per unit peak reduction. Stipulated values for this input can be found in
Table […].
NUnits Total number of doors installed.
2.31.5. Sources
46. Southern California Edison. Low ASH Display Doors Work Paper: SCE13RN018.0
47. DEER EUL/RUL Values:
http://www.deeresources.com/deer0911planning/downloads/EUL_Summary_10-1-08.xls
2.31.6. Stipulated Valies
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-188 Stipulated Energy and Demand Savings Estimates for “No-Heat Glass”
ΔkWh/Unit ΔkW/Unit
Weather Zone 5 295.4 0.175
Weather Zone 6 223.9 0.14

PC Management Software 194
2.32. PC Management Software
This measure relates to the installation of a centralized energy management system that
controls when desktop computers and monitors plugged into a network power down to lower
power mode states. Savings come from an increase in the rate of time spent in the "Off" state
due to the ability of the network application to shut the computer down when not in prolonged
use. The shift in hours from idle state to off state is based on empirical studies of power
management installations. Savings vary by building type according to HVAC interaction factor.
Table 2-187 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected (per machine controlled) energy impacts for this
measure. Typical values are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-189 Typical Savings Estimates for PC Power Management Software
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit Machine Controlled n/a
Expected Useful Life 4 Years n/a
Stacking Effect End-Use Miscellaneous Loads
2.32.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
The eligible equipment is a network of standard desktop computers and monitors, with no
centralized power management software. Eligible software must allow IT administrators to
control desktop power consumption within the network from a central location and include a
reporting feature to enable monitoring and validation of the energy savings. Reports must also
provide a catalog of systems (and their locations) under management.
2.32.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
There are two possible project baseline scenarios – retrofit and new construction. This measure
currently only addresses the retrofit scenario.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
The baseline condition is a network of standard desktop computers and monitors, with no
centralized power management software. Baseline desktop usage is derived as a weighted mix
of Energy Star compliant and non-compliant models, and a mix of desktop categories. Baseline
duty cycle is drawn from empirical studies, taking into account the enabled built-in power
management of computers and monitors before applying the effects of a centralized power
management control.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
n/a

PC Management Software 195
2.32.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Units
Units

2.32.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkWh/Unit Per unit energy savings as stipulated in Table 2-188.
ΔkW/Unit Per unit demand savings as stipulated in Table 2-188.
NUnits Total number of computers controlled.
2.32.5. Sources
48. Regional Technical Forum, Measure Workbooks
http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/measure.asp?id=95/
NonResNetCompPwrMgt_v3_0.xls
2.32.6. Stipulated Values
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-190 Unit Energy Savings for PC Power Management Software 148
Building HVAC System ΔkWh/Unit ΔkW/Unit
K-12 School Electric Heat 83.9 0.003
K-12 School Heat Pump 124.4 0.004
K-12 School Gas Heat 159.2 0.006
Large Office/Central HVAC Electric Heat 131.4 0.006
Large Office/Central HVAC Heat Pump 147.6 0.007
Large Office/Central HVAC Gas Heat 160.6 0.008
Other/Packaged HVAC Electric Heat 98.7 0.005
Other/Packaged HVAC Heat Pump 138.2 0.007
Other/Packaged HVAC Gas Heat 172.2 0.008

148 See spreadsheet “33-NonResNetCompPwrMgt_v3_0.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit
energy and peak demand savings.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 196
2.33. Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications)
Variable Frequency drives can provide energy efficient operation for fans and pumps used in
processes applications. The savings potential for Variable Frequency Drives in process
applications is highly variable and dependent upon its application. For this reason it is best for
the energy impacts for such projects to be determined via a custom path. The method below
can be used to assess energy impacts for projects in which a VFD is installed on either a fan or
centrifugal pump serving a process application.
Table 2-189 summarizes the ‘typical’ expected energy impacts for this measure. Typical values
are based on the algorithms and stipulated values described below.
Table 2-191 Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications)149
Retrofit New Construction
Deemed Savings Unit HP HP
Expected Useful Life 12 Years 12 Years
Stacking Effect End-Use Process
2.33.1. Definition of Eligible Equipment
Only VFDs installed on variably loaded motors, from 5 to 300 horsepower, in process
applications are eligible under this measure.150 Note that systems of motors which are
individually less than 5 horsepower are eligible provided that: 1) they are controlled by a
common VFD, and 2) the aggregate horsepower of motors controlled by a single VFD is greater
than 5 HP. Eligible applications are limited to fans and centrifugal pumps serving a process
load. Examples of such loads include (but are not limited to) wastewater effluent pumping,
ventilation fans for agricultural sheds, and dairy vacuum pumps. Fans and pumps used for
Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning in occupant comfort applications are not eligible under
this measure.
2.33.2. Definition of Baseline Equipment
When electing to use an engineering calculation approach (Algorithm 2 below) the reported
savings estimates must be production neutral. Since the impact of facility production rates is
implicit in the motor load profile care should be taken to ensure that the baseline and measure
motor load profiles developed for each site are based on a facility 'typical' production. In cases
where the project constitutes an expansion due to increased production (or new construction)
149 See spreadsheet “34-TypicalCalcs_ProcessVFD.xlsx” for assumptions and calculations used to estimate the typical unit energy
savings and incremental costs.
150 The term “process” here denotes any industrial or agricultural VFD driven application which does not serve space conditioning
equipment for occupant comfort.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 197
the most reliable production estimates should be used. There are two possible project baseline
scenarios - retrofit and new construction.
Retrofit (Early Replacement)
In early replacement retrofit scenarios the baseline equipment is the pre-existing pump/fan,
motor, and flow control strategy. Production levels (to the extent that they impact equipment
energy use) are assumed to be 'typical' for the facility.
New Construction (Includes Major Remodel & Replace on Burn-Out)
Baseline equipment for new construction projects (including retrofits that result in an expansion
of equipment capacity) is defined by the "industry standard" for affected processes. If no
industry standard can be identified then the facility (or others operated by the same company)
should be explored to identify whether or not older and similar production lines can be used to
define baseline equipment. If none of the above are present (or applicable) then the baseline
equipment is assumed to be the least efficient variant of what is installed. Production levels (to
the extent that they impact equipment energy use) are assumed to be the most reliable estimate
of 'typical' production rates for the facility.
2.33.3. Algorithms
The following energy and demand savings algorithms are applicable for this measure:
Algorithm 1: Deemed
ΔkWhDeemed = kWh/Unit * PNominal
ΔkWDeemed = kW/Unit * PNominal
Algorithm 2: Engineering Formulas 151
Δ kWhEng = ∑ Pmotor * Hri * (Fbase, i - Fmeas, i)
Δ kWEng = Pmotor * (Fbase, i - Fmeas, i) * CF
Pmotor = .745 * PNominal * LF / η
Fi = β1 + β 2 * Spdi + β 3 * Spdi2 3
2.33.4. Definitions
ΔkWh Expected energy savings between baseline and installed equipment.
ΔkW Expected demand reduction between baseline and installed equipment.
Pmotor The electrical power draw of the motor at pump design conditions.
Pnominal The nominal horsepower of the motor
LF The load factor for the motor when operating at pump design conditions.
151 TCFhese formulas are applied in the workbook titled “34-TypicalCalcs_ProcessVFD.xlsx”. The spreadsheet titled “Site Specific
Calculator” can be used to estimate project energy impacts using the engineering formula based approach.

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 198
Fi The motor process loading factor at motor % Speed i. This is calculated using the
curve-fit coefficients β 1 through β 4 found in Table 2-191. The appropriate factors
are selected based on the flow control type for the baseline. Coefficients for flow control VFD are selected for the measure factors (Fmeas, i). For any project, it must
i
2.33.5. Sources
49. Regional Technical Forum Unit Energy Savings calculator for Agricultural: Variable
Frequency Drives – Dairy (http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/ag/AgDairyVFD_v1_2.xls)
50. Regional Technical Forum Unit Energy Savings calculator for Agricultural: Variable
Frequency Drives - Potato/Onion Shed
(http://rtf.nwcouncil.org/measures/ag/AgPotatoOnionShedVFD_v1_3.xls)
51. Evaluation Results from 2011 Easy Upgrades, 2011 Building Efficiency, and 2010
Custom Efficiency Incentive Programs.
The following tables stipulate allowable values for each of the variables in the energy and
demand savings algorithms for this measure.
Table 2-192 Deemed Per/HP savings values
Measure Energy Savings Peak Demand Savings
Process VFD 1,377 0.16

Table 2-193 Coefficients for Process Loading Factors (Fi) Curve-Fits
Flow Control Type β1 β2 β3 β4
Throttling Valve 55.2124 0.637 -0.0019 0
Eddy Current Clutch 16.39683 -0.05647 0.01237 -3 x 10-5
Mechanical (Torque Converter) 13.51137 0.34467 0.01269 -7 x 10-5
Bypass, Recirculation Valve 102 0 0 0
VFD 27.44751 -1.00853 0.01762 0

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 199
Table 2-194 Coincidence Factors
Application CF
Site Specific As Measured
Other .77

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 200
3. Appendix A: Document Revision History

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 201
Table 3-1Document Revision History
Date Modified Revised Description of Changes
4/01/14 - 1.0 Initial Adoption of TRM.
11/04/14 1.0 1.1
Added PVVT and GSHP system types to HVAC
Controls measure chapter. Updates were made to
values in the summary tables which provide a unit savings estimate based on an assumed average of
system types. System type specific values were added
to the remaining applicable tables in this section.
04/16/15 1.1 1.2
Added WSHP system type to HVAC Controls measure
chapter. Updates were made to values in the summary tables which provide a unit savings estimate based on
an assumed average of system types. System type specific values were added to the remaining applicable tables in this section. Updated tables include Table
05/19/15 1.2 1.3 Found typo in several tables (Table 2-65 through Table 2-82). Table values updated to reflect corresponding
05/27/15 1.3 1.4
Found typo in several tables (Table 2-66 through Table
2-67). Table values updated to reflect corresponding
06/26/15 1.4 1.5
Updated savings values for Evaporative Pre-Cooler
measure (Chapter 17) to incorporate data from new
source. Accounts for the fact that the studies used to determine savings are biased towards R-22 and that R-
410A has higher savings potential. New numbers
assume a mix of both refrigerants, but a predominance
08/06/15 1.5 1.6
Made small revisions to three chapters:
1) Sections 2.12 and 2.13: Expanded description of eligible equipment to include changing from
A/C only to Heat-Pump and visa versa. 2) Section 2.10: Added references for the reader which provide full descriptions of the listed
HVAC system types. 3) Section 2.16: Updated numbers in Table 2-123
to reflect those in summary table and consistent

Variable Frequency Drives (Process Applications) 202
Date Modified Revised Description of Changes
10/02/2015 1.6 1.7
Updated (4) measures to include energy savings under
IECC 2012. Note that only a handful of measures were affected by the IECC 2012 code update:
1) High Efficiency A/C
2) High Efficiency Heat Pumps 3) Guest Room Occupancy Sensors