20171114Attachment 1-Supplemental Response.pdf

Charlie Vartanian, MEPPI,
IEEE 1547 Working Group Secretary
October 22, 2017
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
IEEE 1547, IEEE Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Energy
Resources
for IEEE’s Renewable Energy Standards Tutorial
at 2017 IEEE EPEC
2
Disclaimer
This presentation and discussion here on IEEE 1547
are individual’s views and are not the formal position,
explanation or position of the IEEE.
3
Outline
IEEE 1547 Background
–Grid planning challenges with DER
–IEEE 1547 series of standards
–Associated standards and guides
IEEE 1547 Revision Overview
–IEEE 1547 revision process
–Selected significant revision topics
–Coordinating The Revision Across SDO’s: DER and bulk power system Impacts –an example
4
IEEE 1547
Background
?IEEE
Advancing Technology
forHumanity
IEEE 1547
Background
5
Grid Planning & Operation Challenge with DER
Increasing DER penetration was a major driver for revising IEEE Std 1547
Safety & Reliability, …’do no harm’
Grid Performance Support, after…
Ride through, stabilizing frequency
response, voltage support
Interconnection requirements for DERs should also adequately
address transmission and distribution system needs. Coordination
with the NERC Inverter Resource Performance Task Force
Anti-Islanding, no interference with
primary voltage regulation
6
6
IEEE 1547
Background
IEEEIEEE1547
Background
IEEE Std 1547™(2003 and 2014 Amendment 1)Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std P1547™{full revision)Draft Standard for
Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy
Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces
hunting Technology
forHumanity
IEEE SCC21
IEEE Std 1547.1*™(2005 and 2015 Amendment 1)standard
1 547 Series
of Standards
for Conformance Tests Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems yAC7IEEEStdP1547.1 (full revision)Draft Standard for Conformance Tests
Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Energy Resources
with Electric Power Systems and Associated Interfaces
(2008)Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard forIEEEStd1547.2TIU1
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
v
IEEE Std 1547.3™(2007)Guide for Monitoring Information Exchange,
and Control of Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.4™(2011)Guide for Design,Operation,and Integration
of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems
v
IEEE Std 1547 .6™(2011)Recommended Practice for Interconnecting*Colored background
designates IEEE
published standard;
clear background is
draft standard work
in progress.
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary
Networks
(2013)Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact
Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection
IEEE Std 1547.7TM
V.
IEEE Std P1547.8 Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing
Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for
Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Std 1547-2003
TIM
6
7
IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use in USA
**Articles: 480 Storage Batteries ;
692 Fuel Cell Systems;
694 Wind Electric Systems
(NEC info. based on NEC 2011)
**
7
IEEE 1547 Background
8
Importance of IEEE 1547 8
•U.S. Energy Policy Act (2005) Cites and requires consideration of IEEE 1547 Standards and Best Practices for
Interconnection; all states use or cite 1547.
•U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) IEEE cited as a standards development organization partner to NIST
as Lead to coordinate framework and roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability standards and protocols {IEEE 1547 & 2030
series being expanded};
•U.S. Federal ARRA (2009) Smart Grid & High Penetration DER projects {use IEEE stds}.
•Adoption by the majority of jurisdictional entities across N. America that set DG/DER interconnection rules
9
HECO’s
TOV &
VRT
CA Rule 21 !
NY SIR ?
IEEE 1547 Background
Which standards apply during the transitioning period? (Example: California)
Today’s Disharmony in a World of
Uncertainty:
•Technology-specific
requirements.
•Based on state of
the art technology
capabilities.
•Heavily focused
on solar PV
inverters.
Period after CA Rule
21 and UL 1741
Update
NERC / FERC
UL 1741-2016 (Listing
/ Certification Test)
State/PUC Utility Laws
(CA Rule 21-2015)
Individual Utility Generator
Connection Agreements
IEEE Std
1547.1a-
2015
IEEE Std
1547a-2014
Lo
c
a
l
St
a
t
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
St
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
Te
s
t
s
Source: EPRI
10
IEEE 1547 Background
Which standards apply after the transitioning period? (Example: California)
Harmonizing Requirements in IEEE Std. 1547 for the
Future.
•DER interconnection and system integration focus.
•Technology-agnostic.
•Widely accepted.
•Performance-based requirements.
•Leading technological development and innovation of
DER performance.
Lo
c
a
l
St
a
t
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
St
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
Te
s
t
s
Period after IEEE
Stds 1547 and 1547.1
Update
NERC / FERC
UL 1741-20xx (Listing
/ Certification Test)
State/PUC Utility Laws
(CA Rule 21-20xx)
Individual Utility Generator
Connection Agreements
IEEE Std
1547.1-20xx
IEEE Std
1547-20xx
Source: EPRI
11
IEEE 1547 Background
Major Changes to IEEE Std 1547
Shall trip in response to abnormal
voltage/frequency condition
Shall not actively regulate voltage or
frequency
May ride through abnormal V/F
May actively regulate voltage by
changing real/reactive power
May change real power in response to
frequency deviations
DER to provide ancillary grid services –capability VS. provision
Shall ride through abnormal V/F
Shall be capable of actively regulating voltage by changing real/reactive power
Shall be capable of changing real power in response to frequency deviations
Shall have communication interface
IEEE 1547a-20142014
2005
FERC SGIP (Small Generator
Interconnection Procedure)
IEEE 1547-20032003
2000 California Rule 21
2011
Updated California Rule 21
(consistent with IEEE 1547-2003)
2015
Updated California Rule 21
(more prescriptive than IEEE 1547a-2014)
2017/18 ?IEEE 1547rev-201x
Interconnection Agreements / Markets / etc.
2016
Amended UL 1741 (SA)
(inverter certification driven by CA Rule 21)
2018/19 ?IEEE 1547.1rev-201x
DER Unit Level: Type Test, Production Test
DER Facility Level:Design Evaluation,
Installation Evaluation, Commissioning Test,
Periodic Tests
Source: EPRI
12
IEEE 1547 Revision
Overview
?IEEE
Advancing Technology
forHumanity
IEEE 1547 Revision
Overview
13
IEEE P1547 Full Revision of IEEE Std 1547-2003 w/ amendment
PAR P1547 to revise IEEE std 1547-2003 approved March 27, 2014
P1547 WG formed June 2014, using a consensus-driven process to
1) identify the content to revise, and
2) implement a multi-prong process to expedite the proposed revisions, the ‘Folder’s
Major content areas being revised:
–From no active voltage regulation to required VAR capacity and capabilities
–From disconnect for grid disturbance to required ride through prior to disturbance reaching anti-islanding limits
–Add Interoperability requirements: consistent with IEEE 2030
–Add performance-driven Categories: remain technology neutral
–Remove 10 MW capacity limitation: harmonize with FERC/NERC standards
Status. For-Ballot draft has been submitted May 2017. >75% Approval on 1st Ballot. >85% on first recirculation. Second recirculation pending.
Highlights
14 14
IEEE P1547 (Full Revision) Project Authorization
Approved by the IEEE SASB on March 27, 2014
Title: Draft Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of
Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power
Systems Interfaces.
Scope: This standard establishes criteria and requirements for
interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER) with
electric power systems (EPS), and associated interfaces.*
Purpose: This document provides a uniform standard for the
interconnection and interoperability of distributed energy
resources (DER) with electric power systems (EPS). It
provides requirements relevant to the interconnection and
interoperability performance, operation, and testing, and,
safety, maintenance and security considerations.
*Note: Interfaces and interoperability and related terms are defined and
described in IEEE Std 2030 14
15
1547 Revision –Major Topics
Performance categories
–Gives flexibility to accommodate different DER futures
More coordinated operation under normal conditions
–Add reactive power capabilities and voltage/power control requirements (not just allowance , e.g. 2014 Amendment)
Grid support under abnormal conditions
–Maintains distribution grid safety (cease to energize, trip on voltage or frequency when necessary)
–Maintains bulk power system reliability (rides through voltage and frequency disturbances)
New guidance for interoperability
–Starts us on the path to more open communications
–Seeks to strike a balance between varying topologies & needs
New guidance for intentional islands
–Much needed and immediate relevance
Testing requirements completely revised to address new capabilities
–Strikes a balance between needs for large and small installs
15
16
IEEE P1547 Performance Category Approach
IEEE Std. 1547rev
Category ACategory I
Category II Category B
Category III
Ride-Through
VoltageRegulation
1 State Regulator, Area EPS or bulk system operator, etc.
Authorities
Governing
Interconnection
Agreements1
Impact Assessment
•Technical conditions: type & capacity & future
penetration of DER, type of grid configuration, etc.
•Non-technical issues: DER use case, impacts on
environment, emissions, and sustainability, etc.
DER
Vendors
Market Analysis
•Costs
•Market segment
•Etc.
Source: EPRI
17
General Requirements Clauses: VAR and VAR Control
?IEEE
Advancing Technology
forHumanity
General Requirements Clauses:VAR and VAR Control
18
Minimum Reactive Power Injection and Absorption Capability
VAR and VAR-control capability
Draft Reactive Power Capability Requirements
Category
Injection (Over-Excited)Capability as %
of Nameplate Apparent Power (kVA )
Rating
Absorption (Under-Excited)Capability as
% of Nameplate Apparent Power (kVA )
Rating
A (at DER rated
voltage)
44
(0.915 power factor)
25
(0.970 power factor)
B (at ANSI range A)44
(0.915 power factor)
44
(0.915 power factor)
The DER shall be capable of injecting
reactive power (over-excited) and
absorbing reactive power (under-excited)
equal to the minimum reactive power
(kVar) corresponding to the value given in
the Table below at all active power
output equal to 20% to 100% of
nameplate active power rating (kW).
19
Voltage and reactive/active power control function
requirements for DER categories
DER Category Cat A Cat B
Voltage regulation by reactive power control
Adjustable constant power factor mandatory
(shall)
mandatory
(shall)
Voltage –reactive power (volt-var)mandatory
(shall)
mandatory
(shall)
Active power –reactive (watt-var)
mode
optional
(may)
mandatory
(shall)
Adjustable constant reactive
power
mandatory
(shall)
mandatory
(shall)
Voltage and active power control
Voltage –active power (volt-watt)optional
(may)
mandatory
(shall)
20
VAR-control modes
Draft Voltage Regulation Control Modes
•The DER shall be capable of activating any of these modes individually.
•Adjustable constant power factor mode with unity power factor setting shall be the default mode of the installed DER
unless otherwise specified by the area EPS operator.
•The Area EPS operator shall specify the required voltage regulation control modes and the corresponding parameter
settings. Modifications of the settings and mode selected by the EPS operator shall be implemented by the DER
operator.
DER Category Cat A Cat B
Voltage Regulation by Reactive Power Control
Adjustable Constant Power Factor Mandatory Mandatory
Voltage –Reactive Power (Volt-var)Mandatory Mandatory
Active Power –Reactive (Watt-Var) Mode Optional Mandatory
Adjustable Constant Reactive Power Mandatory Mandatory
Voltage and Active Power Control
Voltage –Real Power (Volt-Watt)Optional Mandatory
21
Abnormal conditions clauses:
Voltage & Frequency Ride Through
?IEEE
Advancing Technology
forHumanity
Abnormal conditions clauses:
Voltage &Frequency Ride Through
22
Voltage & Frequency Ride-Through
Foundations for Voltage & Frequency Ride-Through Requirements
Requirement Category Foundation Justification
Voltage Ride-
Through
Category I German grid code for medium
voltage-connected synchronous
generator-based DER
•Essential bulk system needs.
•Attainable by all state-of-the-art DER
technologies.
Category II NERC PRC-024-2 but w/o stability
exception, extended LVRT duration
for 65-88% Vnombased on EPRI White Paper
(May 2015)
•All bulk system needs.
•Coordinated with existing reliability
standards.
•Considering fault-induced delayed
voltage recovery.
Category III CA Rule 21 and Hawaii, minor
modifications
•All bulk system needs.
•Considering fault-induced delayed
voltage recovery.
•Distribution system operation.
Frequency Ride-
Through
All Categories
(harmonized)
CA Rule 21 and Hawaii, exceeds
PRC-024-2
based on EPRI White Paper
(May 2015)
•All bulk system needs.
•Low inertia grids.
23
Voltage Trip Requirements
IEEE Std 1547-2003
Source: NERC, “Performance of Distributed Energy Resources During and After System Disturbance:
Voltage and Frequency Ride-Through Requirements,” North American Electric Reliability Corporation, 2013.
24
Voltage Ride-Through Requirements –Category I
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vo
l
t
a
g
e

(
p
.
u
.
)
Time (s)
Permissive Operation Capability
shall trip0.16 s
13 s
1.10 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.88 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.50 p.u.
21 s Legend
range of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through or
may trip zones
shall ride-through zonesand operating regions
describing performance
Continuous Operation Capability (subject to requirements of clause 5)
Mandatory OperationCapability
Permissive Operation
Capability
shall trip
0.16 s
0.16 s
2 s
2 s
2
1
2
1
may ride-through or may trip
may ride-through
or may trip
may ride-through
or may trip
Category I
0.88 p.u.
0.16 s
may
ride-through
1 s
1.20 p.u.
0.45 p.u.
25
Voltage Ride-Through Requirements –Category II
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vo
l
t
a
g
e

(
p
.
u
.
)
Time (s)
shall trip1.20 p.u.13 s
1.10 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.88 p.u.
0.16 s
0.00 p.u.
0.50 p.u.
21 s
Continuous Operation Capability
(subject to requirements of clause 5)
Mandatory OperationCapability
Permissive Operation
Capability
shall trip
0.32 s 2 s
2 s
2 1 s 1
2
1
may ride-through or may trip
may ride-through
or may trip
may ride-through
or may trip
0.88 p.u.
Category II
0.45 p.u.
0.65 p.u.
Permissive Operation Capability
0.16 s
mayride-through
0.16 s
Legend
range of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through or
may trip zones
shall ride-through zones
and operating regionsdescribing performance
26
Voltage Ride-Through Requirements –Category III
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vo
l
t
a
g
e

(
p
.
u
.
)
Time (s)
Momentary Cessation Capability
shall trip1.20 p.u.0.16 s
13 s1.10 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.88 p.u.
21 s
0.00 p.u.
0.50 p.u.
Continuous OperationCapability
(subject to requirements of clause 5)
Mandatory Operation
Capability
shall trip
10 s
2 s
2
1 s 1
2
may ride-through
or may trip
Momentary CessationCapability
Category III
20 s21 s
50 s
1
ma
y

r
i
d
e
-th
r
o
u
g
h
or

m
a
y

t
r
i
p
12 s
0.88 p.u.
ma
y

ri
d
e
-th
r
o
u
g
h
or

m
a
y

t
r
i
p
Legend
range of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through or
may trip zones
shall ride-through zonesand operating regions
describing performance
27
Frequency Ride-Through
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5
60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
62.5
63.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
H
z
)
Time (s)
Continuous OperationCapability
(V/f ≤ 1.1)
(subject to requirements of section 6.4.2.6)
Mandatory Operation
Capability
Mandatory OperationCapability
shall trip
shall trip
66.0 Hz 66.0 Hz
1 000 s0.16 s
180 s
62.0 Hz
50.0 Hz
0.16 s 1 000 s
50.0 Hz
57.0 Hz
1 000 s180 s 1
2
2
1 61.0 Hz 1 000 s
59.0 Hz
Legend
range of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through ormay trip zones
shall ride-through zones
and operating regions
describing performance
may ride-throughormay trip
may ride-throughor may trip
may ride-throughor may trip
Category I,II, and III
(harmonized)
299 s
299 s
60.6 Hz
may ride-through or may trip
28
New Interoperability Clause
?IEEE
Advancing Technology
forHumanity
New Interoperability Clause
29
Interoperability Achieved By
Mandatory communication
–A DER shall have provisions for an interface capable of communicating to support the information exchange requirements specified in this standard for all applicable functions that are supported in the DER.
Information to be exchanged:
–Nameplate Data –This information is indicative of the as-built characteristics of the DER. This information may be read.
–Basic Settings –This information is indicative of the present capacity and ability of the DER to perform functions. This information may be read or written.
–Monitoring –This information is indicative of the present operating conditions of the DER. This information may be read.
–Management –This information is used to update functional and mode
settings for the DER. This information may be read or written.
30
Scope of Interoperability Requirements
NetworksDER Managing
Entity
Individual DER
Out of Scope –Communication Network Specifics In Scope –Local
DER Interface
Network Adapters
/Modules
Out of Scope –
Internal DER Specifics
DER with System/
Plant Controller
………
IEEE 1547 interface (mandatory)other interfaces (optional)out of scope
31
List of Eligible Protocols
Protocol Transport Physical Layer
IEEE Std 2030.5 (SEP2)TCP/IP Ethernet
IEEE Std 1815 (DNP3)TCP/IP Ethernet
SunSpec Modbus TCP/IP Ethernet
N/A RS-485
32
Logical Combinations of Protocols
Ethernet
IP
TCP
DNP3
Twisted Pair/RJ-45
Ethernet
IPV6
TCP
IEEE 2030.5
Twisted Pair/RJ-45
RS-485
N/A
SunSpec Modbus
Twisted Pair/ RJ-
45/CTA-2045
•Allowing for a couple of well-defined options gives vendors more flexibility and is
still achievable for aggregators/integrators.
Network Access
IP Layer
Transport
Application
33
DER and BPS Impacts –Blue Cut Fire Event
Source: NERC
?IEEEDERandBPSImpacts-Blue Cut Fire Event Advancing Technology
forHumanity
NERC
NOBTi4 AMERICA Pi Iff TRI I C
fi*EL1frBil_lTv CO G*R OE*ATIQ*
1 200 M W Fault Induced Solar \
Photovoltaic Resource Interruption
Disturbance Report
Rich Bauer
Associate Director Reliability Risk Management /Event Analysis
Joint OC/PC Meeting
June 6,2017
RELIABILITY \ACCOUNTABILITY
H,*
4T
Source:NERC
34
DER and BPS Impacts –Loss of PV Resources
Source: NERC
?IEEEDERandBPSImpacts-Loss of PV Resources Advancing Technology
forHumanity
NERC Solar resource loss1NOH1HAMLHILANLLLCTHIC.
r?iann it v cnnPHHATLTN
110%
11:4.5:15 AM;
2.B&CD5 MW
100%
50%
11:52:10 AM;
2.-15 J.20 MW
S0%
11:52:15 AM;
2,191.64 MW
70%
f 11:45:16 AW:
1,705.7 MW
60%
50%
1 1:44:00 11:49:00 11:54:00
Source:NERC RELIABILITY |ACCOUNTABILITY
34
35
DER and BPS Impacts –System Frequency Drop
Source: NERC
?IEEEDERandBPSImpacts-System Frequency Drop Advancing Technology
forHumanity
NERC Western Interconnection frequen14OF*114 A ML HILAN LLLL 1 NIC
RFL I A HI.I TV CDUPDF?ATI-73 H
WI 20 1 60S 16 184506
E^'hli ID MJOLflOSl
—W1FNET
End
DcHjLTrtian
UTC Tlmt ¦«-08 14.-20IS
1&:45:M f
\&Lp^alTim^OS 161016
1 1.45.M-ITuiitZdoufPDT
15 Q "\ia Fkc
V«
[.aa-n
Vaiiu A i i
0 109 :o:199\ntiijf-IS 59 92
Tifit.s
PaLJll C 59B669
I.TTun:ti:C
Pouil C'—Wrt_FPi£T
Tuns afC
A-B [ffittij 59
a c Mkl IHi
FRJ1 B 1}
H.«-
jl
B
Dflwp iHd
ntM c
IMW O.ldzJ
0
5S g -
T11111T
no 30 -CO ]JO L4U Lea
Tiri^I
RELIABILITY |ACCOUNTABILITY2
Source:NERC
35
36
DER and BPS Impacts –One Outcome
Source: NERC
?IEEEDERandBPSImpacts-One Outcome Advancing Technology
forHumanity
NERC NERC Alert issued 6/20/2017NOW1HAMLUILANLLGCTHI£
f:-cl i ami.i tv cnRPDBATiaN
NERC
HMTH A^eniC^N CLECTHIG
RSLI AHIuITy eO^PaHATIQH
Industry Recommendation
Low of &olir Rosour«4 during Tnartjuvijiein Ciis^itfbar^ts du*
to [nverter Settings
Inraet Di:;trihytinn:June JO.J017
WEftC idcrtff ed 3 potential characteristic exhibited by 5one inverter-based resources,particularly
utility-seaIq solar photovoltaic |IFVI generation.,whscti red u cos power output during Fault conditions
on the transmission system.An example ofthis behavior has been absented during recent BP'S
disturbances.,highlighting patontiaE risks to BJ'S rc 1 ability.VMrth the recent and expected increases of
ubllnbyicrjle vpIpi roreurcw,lh>«GfeUMtofCM*reduction In pewtr output fromutility-*til*ptiHNif
inverters needs to bo widely cornmunrcated and addressed by the industry.The Industry should
identify reliability pi»pe*vlng «*lun*Intheiareatof power aystem planning arid r-pprstianx ts n#dwce
the system relia bilnty 1moact m the eveit of widespread lo ss af solar-resources during faults on th c
power rys-tem
For more information,see the 1.200 MW Fault induced Solar Photovoltaic fiesource interruption
nsruik*-.;.?Report
ahammmitM":
SUtus:Ackn-nw rdgrnirnt Krq J ir-fid by Midnight I astern on June 27,Jill/
Repelling Required b/Midhipht Editu n on August 31,2(317
¦PUSLlCi No Rc-rtrirtmni
Mcri suhmdim
RELIABILITY |ACCOUNTABILITY38
Source:NERC
36
37
More Information on IEEE P1547
Go to IEEE SCC21’s P1547 Revision Grouper Website,
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547_revision/1547revision_index.html
38
Thank You!
Contact Information
Charlie Vartanian, PE
Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc.
C: 626-818-5230
E: [e-mail]