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Home My WebLink About200403151st Response of AARP to ID Power.pdfBrad M. Purdy Attorney at Law Bar No. 3472 2019 N. 1 th St. Boise, ID. 83702 (208) 384-1299 FAX: (208) 384-8511 bmpurdyuuhotmail.com Attorney for Petitioner Community Action Partnership Association ofIdaho and American Association of Retired Persons. \ r-i\tCEIVEn ED 'J 1'- ?nnl ~. ., ' fuu';JiR 15 N1 3: ') .v , ui !;' il iES i '.- i\, 1155101'1 BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF IDAHO POWER COMPANY FOR AUTHORITY) TO INCREASE ITS INTERIM AND BASE RATES AND CHARGES FOR ELECTRIC SERVICE CASE NO. IPC-O3- AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER COMPANY' FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS COMES NOW, Intervenor American Association of Retired Persons (flAARPfI), by and through its attorney of record, Brad M. Purdy, and in response to Idaho Power Company s First Interrogatories and Production Request to the American Association Of Retired Persons (AARP), provides the following: REQUEST NO.On page 16 of his testimony, Mr. Dailey refers to research performed by AARP's Public Policy Institute. Please provide a copy of the referenced research. RESPONSE:The relevant portions of the study relied upon by Mr. Dailey are contained within the AARP Policy Book and are included herewith as Attachment 1. The study is voluminous. To see it in its entirety, visit AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS. http://www.bls.gov/cex/home.htm and hap:l /www.bls. gov/ cex/2002/CrossTabs/agebyinc/x650rup.PDF REQUEST NO 2:Please provide copies of all of the studies Dr. Power refers to on page 31 of his direct testimony that address the link between income and electric consumption, including the 1981 - 1983 vintage analyses of income-electric consumption patterns on Idaho Power s system and in Idaho as a whole as referenced on page 32 of his direct testimony. RESPONSE: Please see Attachment No.2 hereto. 'Vi DATED this J.L day of March, 2004. i/ / . "-:~ . Brad M. Purdy ( . ,; L, AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 11... "'\ I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT I HAVE THIS DAY OF MARCH, 2004 SERVED THE FOREGOING AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER COMPANY'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS , IN CASE NO. IPC-03-, BY MAILING A COpy THEREOF, POSTAGE PREPAID TO THE FOLLOWING: Barton L. Kline Monica B. Moen Idaho Power Company O. Box 70 Boise, ID. 83707 () u.S. Mail, postage prepaid 14 Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail John R. Gale Idaho Power Company O. Box 70 Boise, ID. 83707 () u.S. Mail, postage prepaid l.l Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Lisa Nordstrom Deputy Attorney General Idaho Public Utilities Commission 472 W. Washington St. Boise, ID. 83702 (\)' u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Peter J. Richardson Richardson & O'Leary 99 East State Street, Suite 200 O. Box 1849 Eagle, ID. 83616 (\y u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Don Reading Ben Johnson Associates 6070 Hill Rd. Boise, ID. 83703 ~1 u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Randall C. Budge Racine, Olson, Nye, Budge & Bailey 201 E. Center Pocatello, ID. 83204 L1 u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Anthony Yanke I (.1 u.s. Mail, postage prepaid AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS. 29814 Lake Road Bay Village, OH. 44140 () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Lawrence A. Gollomp 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, D.c. 20585 ~.l U.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Overnight mail () Hand delivered () Facsimile Dennis Goins Potomac Management Group 5801 Westchester St. Alexandria, VA 22310-1149 (\1 u.s. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Dean 1. Miller O. Box 2564 Boise, ID. 83701 f.) u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Jeremiah 1. Healey O. Box 190420 Boise, ID. 83719-0420 I\Y u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail William M. Eddie O. Box 1612 Boise, ID. 83701 1\1' u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Nancy Hirsch 219 First Ave. South, Suite 100 Seattle, W A. 98104 I\J' U.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Conley E. Ward 601 W. Bannock St. Boise, ID. 83702 u.S. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Dennis Pesau 1500 Liberty St., Suite 250 Salem, OR. 97302 1(1 u.s. Mail, postage prepaid () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail Michael L. Kurtz (\l~u.S. Mail, postage prepaid AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS. Kurt J. Boehm Boehm, Kurtz & Lowry 36 E. Seventh St., Suite 2110 Cincinnati, OH 45202 () Hand delivered () Facsimile () Overnight mail /' . // ' C; ... , ' c, , " :::::.~ ----- o Brad M. Purdy AARP'S RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER'S FIRST INTERROGATORIES AND PRODUCTION REQUESTS. AARP RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER COMPANY' INTERROGATORIES AND REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION ATTACHMENT No. Table 30. Consumer units with reference person age 65 and over by income Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2001-2002 Total complete reporting Number of consumer units (in thousands)...... Income before taxes al ...................... Income aftertaxes al ....................... ff~'W;"\ii~"EF, ;y.=""'"', ""';', ' ~'2'~~ fl.!;;~!& i~.!YLC!:~~1;~~Natural gas............................ Electricity............................ Fuel oil and other fuels............... Telephone services..................... Water and other public services........ 013 586 $28 638 $2 335563 2,215 2401 ~"" ~~V',jh. . '"" ""'""" ,,~..,~~;~""'-"'~ "' 370 280899 713134 151671 525327 227 588 908 847 $ 6,807.19 avg. income AARP RESPONSE TO IDAHO POWER COMPANY' INTERROGATORIES AND REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION ATTACHMENT No. ~d , o , ~ ' C l I I ~ . 1 ; : - J t , ~~ is ." - ' J 1- ' J , . o t V , ..L f 7t f " r ~ c ; 'i l , - ' -. ~ . 0 , . ; ? / /': V ' ) . " fJ ' D I / I . ( t', j . . f . J tf f " , ' . 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" . . . . u : " "s v - f AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R S I N G L E FA M I L Y W / O EL E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T OR E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 I N C ~ E I $ 1 5 . 00 1 + I N C ~ E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C ~ E a u I ~l ~~ : ; f,r . I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I' O F RE S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E US A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S J'I . !- . ,P !. ~ ) " 33 0 I 7 7 9 , 06 84 I 2 5 . 4" I 5 9 7 . 19 21 7 I 6 5 . 8" - I 8 4 3 . 94 29 I 8 . 8" - I : L , :- ; ~ . j, . " , i / ; ' i j I . AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R S I N G L E FA M I L Y W / O E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T BU T W I T H E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T \A . . " j.. . . J. ' ! L /' - ; , ! . :., -" ' - J 4 : \ . ; ; - Jo - : : "i . ' - t Q J . , . ~ i ' \i . ; " - t. ' AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 , 00 0 I N C ~ E I $ 1 5 , 00 1 + I N C ~ E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C ~ E a u I G) ) ~ I V - , tr . : ; l , I I O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I 'O F RE S P O N D E N T S I ? i .1 - 1 ~ , ; . . ;~ ' / ' - / 12 0 9 1 , 09 7 . 3 4 41 6 r 3 4 . 4" 87 5 , 0 1 68 5 I 5 6 . 1 , 23 5 . 8 3 10 8 I 8 . 9 " - e) . : . , .J v :: , ' " ' 1 " ~i n( ' .~ " " " ~ I: " " " , . . , . -' , .; . :; , r , . . t. . , ; ;' Ii l . i " .. . i 1,1 '5 ' i .f t ~ ' " j; , " ' ... I C i " " ' . ~.. . . . ~ C . - : ; /~ ~ :C ' AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R S I N G L E FA M I L Y W I T H E L E C T R I C S P A C E HE A T A N D E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 , 00 0 I N C ~ E I $ 1 5 , 00 1 + I N C ~ E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C ~ E a u I I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I' O F RE S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I , O F RE S P O N D E N T S I 78 8 ~ ~~ 1 . 96 5 . 66 21 4 I 2 7 , 2" - I 1 . 70 7 , 69 50 6 I 6 4 . 2" - I 2 . 07 2 . 60 I 6 8 8. ~, ~ ., . 4 ' " " - " ' " ' " t" t , Jb J j ~! . 1./ H;~ : ~ , , I 1 . /. . ou o . . A \ 1 i I , i ~ I , ? c i ? i~ , ~ ~ ! " " ' l - I'A , f fl i ! C 1 - 4 ~ y; - - " ' ~I i " " ' ~ _ 1. i : ( 7'1 jl 1 1/ L ~ ?'D . ' , 1 / ,~ . t i ,~ ' , "7 1 ; / . 0 j" t 1: ? c. . ' ( l. ~ i J, c - \ ~ .., D.. (;, /r , -' ': ) 71 ~ i- ' 1 i . ' s~ - ; ; l' i ; : , .~ O . _ - )I b ., . . . , " ' . . 0' "" ~ ~ , " " ' . . . . , , ... . . o : . . . -' : , i ( ) t . ! - - ! ,I ' d ~ . : ' /' " . . f ) iJ ) f .. ' " ' \ t- ' :V ; ; ; , i ~ 3 '" t 1 I\ ) () Q.. . . . . " , ( , " ' - " " ~ 1 ,.r :, ! ' "'1 ;f , J ; - # ~" 1: " "f P t i , - ) " ) ; . :- " " " - -, " d ' ' , ". . . ; ( r ; ; j s ' f . . : . -t ; ~ -; = ; - ' : - L . t: : \ -- - - - ' ; ; - ~( ' L" " " " . . ~" , . . . . . L . _ \I i . . ; ; . s , . . . . ~ . t! . I o ; " " " ' , ! ? ; ~ ( . . 5 . ~ . - ~" i D j "" " 1 .( J I . . c'7 /I , " - + ' I' ~ " ! ~ - ' ' :'I " "" " ' - L: . ~ , , , ' , j li' If ) v v ( : . ,. . . . ( . " ;" ~ : , . . . . D " - ' ::J ~" ' " 36 ~ / ~ C), ~ , ;v ~L l I . ( " ~) ~ Y ~ ' r , .. . - "t I (1 ) AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R A T T A C H E D UN I T W ! O E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T OR E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 , 00 0 IN C C t A E $ 1 5 , 00 1 + IN C C t A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C C t A E a u I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I' O F RE S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E US A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S 27 4 8 7 . 02 11 I 4 0 . I 4 4 7 . 84 15 I 5 5 . 6~ I 5 3 5 . 64 I 3 . L" . J . i \ AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R A T T A C H E D UN I T W ! O E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T BU T W I T H E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C C t A E $1 5 , 00 1 + IN C C t A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C C t A E a u OF R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E OF R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I' O F RE S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E * O F R E S P O N D E N T S 73 6 . 54 . e : r . 66 8 . 25 I 4 0 . 86 7 . 4 . e : r . I. ~D ' AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R A T T A C H E D UN I T W I T H E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T AN D E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C C t A E I $ 1 5 . 00 1 + IN C C t A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C C t A E a u I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E OF R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E OF R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I , O F RE S P O N D E N T S I 12 9 1 . 25 9 . 89 69 I 5 3 . 5" 1 . 16 2 . 42 51 I 3 9 . 5" I 1 , 42 3 . 21 I 7 . ~ " ~ rJ. . 1 I.) L. . ; \. ' 1. . 1 : . I . , lI ' i b. ' ) ' '" d (1 ) \.. o J H- , .c - AL L R E S P O N D E N T S I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E 21 2 3 6 . AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R t. U L T I - l I N I T S WI O E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T O R EL E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C C J . A E I $ 1 5 . 00 1 + IN C C J . A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C C J . A E a u SP O N D E N T S A V E R A G E US A G E I * OF R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S 33 . 3~ I 2 1 4 . 46 12 I 5 7 . 1~ I 2 5 4 . 65 I 9 . 5~ I. \ ~ ~ AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R t . U L TI - l I N I T S WI O E l E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T B U T WI T H E L E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C C J . A E I $ 1 5 , 00 1 + IN C C J . A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C a . t E a u I DE N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S I I ~ 7 1 8 . 83 I 8 ~ 2 7 4 . 02 I 0 . -- - ~ AL L R E S P O N D E N T S I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I 5 3 6 2 . AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R t. U L T I - l I N I T S WI T H E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T A N D EL E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C a . t E I $ 1 5 , 00 1 + IN C a . t E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C a . t E a u I I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I * O F R E S P O N D E N T S AV E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S 87 8 4 9 . 65 57 I 6 5 . 5~ I 8 1 3 . 34 23 I 2 6 . 4~ I 9 8 2 . 46 I 8 . . " .L , l . . ; ,, " I . i X S 7 / , 0 7 . 1, 6 / I" , S - V '1 ; j Il J (J Q t- n .p . . AV E R A G E U S A G E F O R t. a 3 I L E t - O . 4 E W/ O E L E C T R I C S P A C E H E A T O R EL E C T R I C W A T E R H E A T AL L R E S P O N D E N T S $0 T O $ 1 5 . 00 0 IN C C t A E I $ 1 5 , 00 1 + IN C C t A E I N O R E S P O N S E T O IN C C t A E a u I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I' O F RE S P O N D E N T S A V E R A G E U S A G E I , O F R E S P O N D E N T S 92 5 5 5 . 84 71 I 7 7 . 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J P $4 3 1 $3 7 7 22 1 k w h 65 5 k w h $4 1 . $1 2 . 10 % UP & L $4 4 5 $3 6 5 2 , 1 6 9 k w h 74 0 k w h $7 9 . 2o f . l $3 0 . 18 % PP & L $3 4 1 $3 1 7 12 8 k w h 64 7 k w h $4 1 . 1 0 $1 3 ; 9 0 10 % 5i x - m o n t h a v e r a g e O c t o b e r 19 7 9 - M a r c h 19 8 0 Th e a v e r a g e b i l l s s h o w n f o r e a c h u t i l i t y w e r e c o m p u t e d u s i n g t h e t a r i f f s c h e d u l e s i n e f f e c t i n D e c e m b e r 19 7 9 . Th e c o m p o s i t e f o r al l u t i 1 i t i ~ s w a s w e i g h t e d i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n t h a t e a c h c o m p a n y w a s r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e sa m p l e . cI No a d j u s t m e n t w a s m a d e i n t h e w e i g h t i n g t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e l o w e r ra t e s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e m o n t h o f O c t o b e r . :I . : c: : ( .. . . .. . . . , . ,, - L.L J ... . . . :; : : :: ; ) ... . . V') ... . . . cx : c." : ; c: : ( (! ) :: ) L.L J a.. . :z : a.. . .. . . . . L.L J c: : ( -= - I.J . . ... . . . . ... . . . . :z : ... . . . . :: ) .. . . . . :: ? : a. . . V') ... . . . . e:: : c:: ( e:: : tJ . . . .., .. . . . ., . ' , '\ ., . . r" \ . ~ "'V\'1-- J , ' ., . . -\ - ... . 1 ... . . . . . -. . : 0 : ; -. : ; ; ; - 0:: : : : : : . ~ . .. . . . . . - .- J . , - -- " " "'- . . . - A -" 2. II I ~ 'I , -! ' . i; ) . - , ; , "'" \ .. n " J. "' - . 'i " ' ~: r;; , .i ; : ) -- - ~ , 0 . - VI - ~ - '" .. . -, : : ; . - - " ..- , ; . 1 "" " .. , Cl. - ~ 4 ~, , ). . . . . .. . ". " )- - ~ - = : ; (' . - / ' " e; d ~ '" .; ~ -: ' , . . . - . :':-- - . " ' : ... . . . . .. . . c: : ( ... .. - ( / ' ) :z : L.L J 0'\ . . ... . . . . ... . . . . :r : .. . . . . . , . . .- . . .. , INTRODUCTION Purpos e This report describes the results of research conducted by the Idaho Citizens Coalition (ICC) on contract with the Idaho Public Utilities Commis- s i on (I pue) .The purpose was to provi de the Commi ss ion information on low income Idaho households which could be used in making a decision on whether or not to implement a lifeline or lower electric rate for 'essential needs of residential consumers. The federal Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) requires state regulatory commissions to consider implementing an electric use lifeline rate for residential consumers of each electric utility under their rate- making authority unless this has already been accomplished within two years of the enactment date.Although the PURPA Act does not precl ude the regulatory Commissions ' setting of a lifeline or 'essential needs ' r~te which is below that arrived at using whatever cost of service methodology is adopted pursuant to Section 111 of the Act , it leaves the definition of 'essential needs ' to the di scret i on of the appropri ate regul atory authoriti es. The work of ICC was intended to sharpen the focus of this definition. The principal piece of it was an analysis of energy use characteristics of low income people in Idaho who had sought and obtained help in paying utility and other household energy bills through the six Idaho Community Action Agencies (CMl s) and the Idaho ~1igrant Council (H,,4,C).The hel p provided through these agencies came from the federally authorized and financed but locally administered fuel crisis or Home Energy. Assistance Program.Thi s program ta rgeted lower income households by requiring that recipients meet prescribed income qual i- fie at ions.For non-farm famil ies these were: 1 person - $4 250 per annum2 persons - $5 625 per annum3 persons - $7 000 4 persons& over - add $1 375 for each person in the household .. . D~vel opment of the Data Base The analysis made of low income energy use patterns is based on the results of a sample survey of households that received fuel crisis ass is- tance through either the CAA' s or the IMC for the months of October, 1979, through Ma rch , 1980.The population sampled included only those households that received electric service from private utility companies.For the period October, 1979 - March , 1980 , the CAA's and IMC made payment to utility companies or other household energy suppliers for 10 034 households that had applied for and received help and were served by a private electric utility company.Of these, 466 households were included in the data base develop~d from the survey. Th e fo 110 w iog percentages refl ect the proportion which each private electric utility represented in the fuel crisi.s recipient population. Idaho Power' Company - ' J3. Washi ngton Water Power Company - 16.1 %Utah Power & Light Company 9. Pacific Power & Light Company - 1, A description of the sampling techniques is presented in an Appendix. The survey was conducted in the months of April - June, 1980.ICC per- sonnel were temporarily assigned to work with each of the CAA's and the Idaho t~i grant Counci 1 .The actual household surveys were conducted with the coopera- tion and assistance of these agencies. Some data such as monthl y income, source of income, age and sex of the household head , and number of people in the household were obtained from the fuel crisis records.They were collected as a part of eligibility determination and advocacy work of the cooperati ng agenci es. Addit i ona 1 data were gathered through household i ntervi ews conducted by personnel of the agenci es and ICC project peopl e.In'some i nstances i nformat i on that was gathered by the CAA's and IMC ;n the eligibility determination process was confirmed through the household surveys.Among the data co 11 ected in thi way were main heating source, type of dwelling structure, comments on weatheri- zation, whether the dwelling was owned or rented , and estimates of square feet of space heated. El ectric ity consumption data for hou s ehol ds i ncl uded in the ~urvey were obtained from the companies on request of the Idaho Public Utilities Commission. These were appended to the survey information collected permitting cross tabulation of the household characteristics found in the survey with actual electricity consumption data.Data processing and production of tapes was done by the Boise State University Data Processing Center. Limitations of the Survey It is recognized that using the fuel crisis recipient population has some potential for bias insofar as obtaining an accurate picture of energy use relationship for all low income people in Idaho is concerned.One of these is that a person had to apply for hel p to either a Community Action Agency or the Idaho Mi grant Counci 1 .Although the program s availability was made known through publ ic announcements) some groups of peopl e may not have earned of it or preferred not to apply.It is currently estimated that there are 35, having incomes below the U.S. Department of Commerce overty classification guidelines.The population of the sampl e survey was 1 ess than one-third of that.It is possible that there would have been a different mix had the sample been drawn from all of these househol ds. Another possible imitation is that the state Department of Health and Welfare made fuel crisis payments to families that were receiving assistance through its categorical programs.Although these payments were lower than the max i mum potent i a 1 ,it may be that the recipients of these payments were not knowledgeable of their further eligibility. It is considered probable that the data obtained accurately reflect the population that received fuel crisis assistance through CAA's and the Idaho Mi grant Counc i 1 .The survey was designed to obtain a sample sufficient to yield a 95 percent confidence level. The text and tabular material which make up the product of the work done are presented in sections.To the extent possible , the tables and graphs are associated with the sections for which they are pertinent. It is considered probable that the data obtained accurately reflect the population that received fuel crisis assistance through CAA's and the Idaho Mi grant Counci 1 .The survey was designed to obtain a sample sufficient to yield a 95 percent confidence level. The text and tabular material which make up the product of the work done are presented in sections.To the extent possible , the tables and graphs are associated wi th the sections for which they are pertinent. HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS General Table describes household characteristics of the sample such as number of persons in the household , age, and income for each of the utility company servi ce areas. More than two-thirds of those who sought and obtained hel p through the 1979-80 Idaho fuel crisis program were women heads of households.The mean age of the assistance recipients was 59, and the median 66 years.This is refl ected in the hi gh percentage (59%) of peopl e who reported Soci al Security payments as thei r source of income. Over one-fi fth of the sampl e was employed at the time of thei r appl i ca- tion, but had earnings which allowed them to qualify for the home energy ass i stance programs.Only 12.7% were receiving payments from the federal/state categori ca 1 a i d programs. The mean monthly income of the households surveyed was $359 which , as expected, is low compared with average incomes received by all Idaho residents. Average hotisehold siz~ was 2.4 persons. Energy Use Rel ati onshi p It is commonly thought that el ectri'city use increases with the number of people in the household.Our data support thi s. determi ne the extent to which thi s rel ationshi p holds , quarti 1 e frequency distributions l for both electric and non-electric heat users were drawn. These are shown in Graphs 1 and 2. To derive these distribtuions, the six month averages of sample ~~ta were first separated by electric and non-electric heat users, then sorted into the relevant classes, in this case 1 4 and 5+-member households. The data within each class were then ordered by kilowatt hours of use and divided into four equal parts, each representing 25% of the class. The same method was used to produce quartile frequency distributions for other variables. TABLE 1 FAMIL Y CHARACTER! STICS OF SAMPLE BY UTILITY COMPANY CHARACTERI STI CS TOTAL.IPCo HWP UP&L PP&L Househol d Head Mal e 32%33%29%40%20%,Fema 1 e 68%67%71%60%80% Avera e A Mean Years Monthl Income 0 - $299 23.25.14.22.25. $300 - $399 39.1 %43.34.33.35. $400 - $599 27.21 .39.28.35.$600 and over 10.1 0 . 0%11 .16. Mean Income $359 $343 $389 $390 $337 Median Income $319 $306 $354 $332 $321 Source of Income Assi stance Payments 12.14.1 %1 2.10.Employment 22.24.11 .30.15.Soci a 1 Security 58.54 . 1 74.50.69. Other 1.2% Number in Household One 45.44.55.40.55. Two 23.19.33.24.27.Three & Four 19.25.1 6 . 3%14.10. Five & Six 1 % Seven +12. Mean Household Number (Peopl e)1.9 Incl udes payments to dependent chil dren t e 1 der1 y and handi capped peopl e. 'Q./ Pensions, unemployment insurance, and miscellaneous income. ~ Quartile: Freque:ncy Dl~rribution$or ELcctrlclty Use by NUN~BfR OF PFOPLE IN HOUSEHOLD for All Electric Compa ny 5.el\Ilce Areas NON-ELEC"lRICHEAT k\Nh 6000 S'O 4000 3000 2000 1000 5'00 Number- in Household 0 -399 0 -599 300 199 0 -899 0 -g 99 400 -599 Soo -tqq 7oo-loq9 ~00-109q 900 - 1 399 500 799 700 -999 1100-/699 l'oo I~99 1300 - 1999 700 - 62.00 . I 000 - 4400 1600-~299 300 I ~ 99 2.000 - 349 Median soo 5'99 700 799 I 00 - 1 199 1000-/099 1300-1399 Rcrng e NWllber 141.71.:t 1 'J. 7 2. 9 in sample ~ RA PH 2 ~ Quartile Frequency Dfsrrfbutions of Etccrricfty Use by NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN HOUSEHOLD for AU Electric Company 5erv ice Areas ELECTRIC HEAT kwh 6000 sooo 4000 3000 2000 1000 5"00 Number(n s-+Household 600 1199 0 - 1499 900 - 1799 1300 2099 700- 1799 12.00 - IG99 I $'00 - 1999 I goO - 2., 99 :2.000 - 2.299 , 700 - 2499 1600 - .1199 900 - 2.399 2.100 -').899 .2-300 -3099 2.000 - 3 DOO 2300 - 3.299 2400 ;?09Q 19 00 - 3 g 99 3000 5S99 3s-qQ -779q Median '600 - 1(,99 900 - , 999 :LIDO - 2..199 2.2.00 - 2-2.99 2.400 - 2499Range Number 30'.2 6In Sample The distributions (Graphs 1 and 2) clearly show a positive relationship between the number of people in a household and electricity usage~.They also describe the range of use in the household size classes which indicate that large families are not necessarily large electric users. Al though the frequency di stri buti ons of the graphs do not separately identify usage for individual utility company service areas, the magnitude and direction of the relationships described hold up for the individual com- pani es .For example , the median range for the Washington Water Power Co. by household size follows the same general pattern as the composite graphs. The median ranges by numbers in the househo 1 d for thi s company are:1 person - 500 - 599; 2 persons - 1000-1099; 3 persons 1300-1399) and 4+ persons 1600-1699 Income There has been some controversy about the relationship of electric use and income.Opponents 0 e 1 fel i ne rates generally have been of the opi nion that income is not a factor in electricity use, while proponents have taken the opposite view. The evidence from our survey computations verify that some low income households use relatively large amounts of electricity (see Table 8). However, a comparison of average use by Idaho customers in private utility service areas \'/ith usage by the population sampl ed in .our survey confirms .... that there is lower electricity use at lower income l~vels. Total Idaho Sampled Population Avera ge Mean kwh Used per Month t) , 1463 kwh; 1248 kwh Average kwh's for the 6-month period October 1979 - March 1980 were calculated for the major electric utilities serving Idaho using the monthly r~ports of those companies filed with the IPUC. A composite kwh figure was calculated by weighting each utility in the same proportion that it represented ~esidential consumption over the six-month period. No figures were available for PP&L so the figure is slightly different than it would be if PP&L were included. Si x-month average for the sampl e months October 1979 - March 1980 wei ghted in the . same proportions that the utilities represent of the sampled population. In an earlier study4 dealing in part with the question of electricity use and incomess the Idaho Citizens Coalition found that of all the factors which influence the quantities of electricity uses income was the most impor- tant.This was especially pronounced in non-heat usage~.The rea son for this was found in the presence of electric appliances. Fewer low income households had appliances such as clothes dryerss dishwasherss and clothes washers than did households in the total customer popuration. Fortunately differences on this point do not seem arguable now that the results of the survey conducted by Elrick and Lavidges Inc. for the Bonneville Power Admini stration (BPA) are being rel eased. 5 Tabl e 2 shows the i ncome/kwh usage relationship obtained in a total Idaho population sample survey which was a part of the study conducted for BPA.Significantly the mean annual use for all Idaho electric customers was 477.0 kwh which is higher than the average for households in all income cl asses up to $15 s OOO/year.Nearly half (46.7%) of the households surveyed had incomes at those lower ra tes . It was al so possi bl e from the survey data suppl ied by BPA to separately identify mean kwh's used annually by income classes for electrically heated residences.(see Table 2).Here again lower income households used fewer kwh' than the mean for all households. From the tape data obtained from BPA we were able to determine the incidence of electric heating use by income class.To take the extremes, only 31% households having annual incomes of less than $5 000 had electricity for a major heat source.For households with incomes of $40 000 and above this figures was 40%. ~tudy on the Effects of Utility Rates and Energy Policies on Low Income Peopleand Family Farms in Idaho s Idaho Citizens Coalition , 1977 os pp. 43-45. The Pacific Northwest Residential Energy Survey , Elrick & Lavidges Inc: for Bonneville Power Administration s August 1980. 10- TABLE 2 AVERAGE IDAHO KWH USE BY INCOME CLASS BPA SURVEyl!/ Annua 1 Income Cl ass, 1978 Less than $5 000 Mean kwhj 10,930 % Each Income Class Cumul ative $ 5,000 - $ 9 999 10,000 - 14 999 274 13,543 11. 14. 11 . 25.9% . 1 5 000 - 1 9 999 000 - 29,999 19,131 18,989 20. 15. 46. 62 . 3% 000 - 39,999 40,000 - 49,999 059 25,108 : 24.87. 93. 000 and above , 35 348 96. TOO. Mean All Income C1 asses , , 477 AVERAGE IDAHO KWH USE BY INCOME CLASS FOR ELECTRICALLY HEATED DWELLINGS ONLY BPA SURVEY Annua 1 Income Class, 1978 t~ean k\'Jhj % Each Income Cl ass Less than $5,000 1 7 ~ 041 $ 5,000 - $ 9,999 21 ,728 14 . 10,000 -14,999 21 ,939 19. 000 -999 26,676 20. 20,000 -29,999 29,108 22. 000 -39,999 490 40,000 -49,999 871 50,000 and above 46,475 Mean All Income Cl asses 26,043 Cumulative % 23. 42. 62. 85. 91. 94. 100. Source: Pacific Northwest Residential Energy Survey , Bonneville Power Administrationy, 1980. The figures used in compiling the table were derive1 from a tape printout supplied by the BPA. DWELLING CHARACTERISTICS Type of Structure and Other Energy Use Relationship As a part of the household interviews conducted for the sample survey~ information was gathered on several dwelling characteristics.Among these were 'type of structure ' and 'estimated floor space heated'These data were cross-tabul ated wi th kwh consumpti on information 5uppl i ed by the util ity companies. Housing types were separated into three classes.These were s i ngl e fami ly residences, multi-family and apartment houses, and mobile homes. The data gathered for the square feet of floor space heated were estimates made either by the residents or the people who did the interviewing. Using the information developed, quartile frequency distribution (see footnote on p. 5)were drawn.For type of structure both el ectric and non- electric heat graphs were made.Only one graph was produced for the floor space heated variable.It . was for electrically heated residences.The three are identified as Graphs 3 , 4 and 5. The most prominent characteristic shown in the graphs on type of structure is the relatively low electric use of multi-family and apartment house resi- dences. The high electric use of mobile homes is also clearly evident. The BPA cross-tab~l ations for all I daho 1 co~ta in a breakdown of the house- holds in the survey performed for them that fit the classes we used in our survey. TYPE OF STRUCTURE Samp1 e Survey BPA Survey Mobi 1 e Homes 18.1 2 . Si ng1 e Fami 1y 69. Multi-family and Apa rtment 11 . Pacific Northwest Residential Energy Survey Elrick and Lavidge , Inc., BPA, p. 1. 17. Vol ume 7 , Idaho Cross Tabulations. 12- . . TABLE 4 DWEhLING CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLE BY UTILITY COMPANY SERVICE AREA n.. ,. - CHARACTERISTICS TOTAL.IPCo WHP UP&L PP&L Rent i ng Yes 37%40%41 %25%31% 63%60%59%75%69% Type of Structure Single Family 69%70%74%64%62% Apartment or Multi-Family 12%13%11%11 %10% Mobil e Home 19%17%15%25%28% Floor Space Heated 0 -799 sq ft 50%51 %54%34%63% 200 - 1199 sq ft 36%36%30%44%35% 1200 - 1599.sq ft 10%10%181~ 1600 - 1999 sq ft 2000 + sq ft Mean Square Feet 876 Median Square Feet 804 G. RA PH : QUamle t-requc:ncy 1Jl$trlounons or tleCrrlclry use TYPE OF STRUCTURE for AU ~le.ctric Company Sav\ce Areas NON . ELECTRIC HEAT kwh (;000 . . I I 5000 4000 3000 2.000 1000 500 SIngle Family Multi -family Mobile Homt Apartment 0 -49 0 -2.9Q 2.00 -39 q 400 -699 2.00 -5 q 300 ~ 9 q 600-10119 600 - g q q '00 1199 1 000 C. l.q roo - 2.49 1100-4499 Median 600 -699 500 5'99 600 699 AA11gf, NLAmbtr "38 h15a117ple ftftA P rt -1 : Quartile Frequency Distributions of Electricity Use by TY P E 0 F 5TRUCTU (1..E for AU Electric Comp:lny Service Arc.as E LEe l R 1 C H fA T kwh 000 5000 4-000 3000 2000 /000 SOO 5tJ19Je Family Multi- fan1i/y e.r Mobile HOfi7t Apai-trn~1 /'99 600 - 1099 4-00 - 2.09 1'00 2.099 1000 - L2.Q 2.000 - 2.1'99 '1.000 - ?-799 1200 - 15"'19 1400 - '1.899 2.700 7799 -/5"00 -l.2.800 S"4QQ Median :2.000 1099 1200 - 12.99 2.400 - 2-499 R.ange Nw'11ber 42. in 5ampk From these figures it can be seen that the households in the low income survey are more likely to live in a mobile home and less likely an apartment or multi-family residence than the general population.Si ngl e-fami 1 y housi ng is close to the same in both surveys.Since mobil e homes are more energy i ntens ive and apartment and mul ti - fami ly structures 1 ess so, the househol in our survey are paying higher electric bills than they would if more of them were living in apartments or multi-family structures.This is especially striking since 65% of mobile homes in our sample survey had less than 800 sq.ft. of heated space. The quartile frequency distribution (Graph 5) drawn for space heating substantiates what common sense woul d i ndi cate that larger structures require more energy to heat. A figure that has been used to describe the heated space for a typical Idaho dwelling is 1300 sq. ft. This compares with the 876 mean sq. ft. found in the fuel crisis survey. The study done for BPA (Vol. 1, p. 22) shows a clear relationship between annual income and dwelling floor space in Idaho residences.Forty-three percent of structures having dwelling floor space of.less than 799 sq. ft. were occupied by people having household incomes below $8,000 and only 5% by people in the $25 000 and over household income category. The inverse is true for structures of 1600 more sq. ft. of dwelling floor space.Fifty-four percent of households with incomes of $25 000 or more were in this class while 8% of households with incomes below $8,000 lived in places of this size. Rent or Own, Weatheri zat i on and Energy Rel at ionshi ps As a part of the household survey of people helped by the fuel crisis program, questions were asked of the people interviewed in an effort to ascertain the extent to which their residences either had been built with or had insulation , h . - G ItA PHS': QtUrtHe Fru.Iumcy Distribution of Ek~trfciry us~ by S~~ARE FOOTAGE HEATE D for All Electric CompAny Servi~ Areas ELECTRIC HEAT kwh 6000 $'000 4000 3000 2.000 1000 500 Heated ;99 800-1199 1200-15"99 1600 + sq. ft.0- 1199 400 - '99 900 - 1199 IQoo - 2./)99 1 1 00 - I 699 1600- 2.199 . roo - 2.'799 2.000 - 2.S99 1600 - 'l..a99 2.100 - 2699 3000 - 3399 2900 - 3499 2.300 - 3599 2.600 - 5""49 3300 - 7799 3400 - q qQ Median '00 - .(,99 2.100 - 2.19 2. 100 - 2..,99 2.:00 Uq9 WttHum er 5'( in5amplt and other weatherization improvements made.This was not a sophisticated or comprehensive investigation of the energy efficiency of the structure. Essentially it amounted to classifying dwellings on the basis of readily discernabl e evidence of weatherization such as storm or covered windows and 1 i sti ng the comment made by the res i dent when they were asked about the extent of weatherization or insulation. This information was collected in four classifications. These were: (1) insulated, windows covered; (2) insu1ated windows not covered; (3) poor insulation (some but very inadequate insulation); and (4) no insulation. Quartile frequency distributions of electric use (see footnote on p. 5) were drawn using these classifications for both electric and non electric heated residential structures.These have been labeled Graphs 6 and 7. Even with the maveri ck distri but ions shown for the best weatheri zat ion classes in the graphs, there is a positive relationship between lack of weatherization and kilowatt hours of use. Because of the utility company weatherization financing plans which have been approved by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission , and the relatively greater degree of di ffi cu1 ty there wi 11 be in havi ng weatherization improvements made to rental housing units, we looked at the relationship between rental units and degree of weatherization.Table 3 describes those factors for electrically heated dwellings in each utility service area. Those having units that were owner occupied had better weatherization than rental units;' even so, with the weatherization definitions used, 49% had inadequate or poor insulation. In the BPA sample survey of all Idaho households, only 22% were rentors. This compares with 37% in our sample survey. electric heat. Two-fi fths of the atter had Tota 1 IPCo HWP UP &L PP&L Rent i ng Insu1 at ion .& Wi ndows Covered 42.50.25.53.18. Insulation & Uncovered Wi ndows 25. Poor or No Insulation '- 5d.~44~50.38.81 . '-- Own --rnsu1 at ion & Wi ndows Covered 5l :0% .. 57,11.79.42. Insulation & Uncovered Windows 21 .1 9 .38.23. 24~Poor or No Insulation 28.~50.12.33. HEATHERIZATION CLASSES FOR RENTED AND mINED D~IE LLINGS SAMPLE O~CTRICALL V HEATED HOUSEHOLDS -' BY UTILITY COMPANY SERVICE AREA - - --- 9~,\;PH 6 : Quarrtle Frequency Distribut"lonsot Electr1clryuse by IN S ULAT iON MEASURES for All Ete,crrfc Con'\pany Service Areas NON.ELECTR1C HEAT kwh 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 5"00 In5L-tlated,Insulated Poor fn5ulation No insulatiO'rL windows covered windows not cevered 0 ~49 ~S'q9 t99 0 -499 400 -699 soo "99 400-79CJ 400 -199 f,00 - loQ9 GOO - q qq 700-1099 gOO - 1199 1000 - "299 900 - 62.9')1000 3099 1100-3/99 Median GOO -GI) G.o 0 ~99 700 ,qq 100 799 Rtinge Numfjer I I 3 5'2.6 (;, il1 sample ~ ,~. ~ I .. "'-U41 l U~ 1 l t:y U(.llc,y U1Srrt DU nons ot Electricity Usc byi NSU'LAll01'~J MEAS U R.ES fo~ All Electric Company Service Areas E'L E' C T R t C H EAT kwh 6000 $"000 4000 3000 2000 1000 $"00 In5ulated, ln5ulared ,. Poor fnsulatlon windows covered wIndows not covered No in5ulCl~;m. 0- 139~o. I 399 0 - 1 699 700 J 2.00 1300 I gq9 1300-2/99 I 6 00 - 2. 09 9 12.00 - '. 199 J gOO - 2.499 1../ 00 - 2.899 2/00-2,g99 2./00 2'199 .?-400 - 7799 2.'100 - 3599 211'00 - 3999 :J. 9 0 - 4l.J..9... M ed fan 18'00 - 1899 2000 2099 2.100 2/99 2..100 - 2.199Range Number go I l. 1in Sample SPACE HEAT, INCOME & ENERGY COST RELATIONSHIPS Space Heat Information on primary heat source for the sample was collected in each utility service area through household interviews. shown in Tabl The resul ts are Significant differences were found among the utility service areas in the relative proportion of natural gas, electricity and heating oil used for space heat i ng.In our sample the Utah Power & Light area had the highest (48.7%) part of its space heat from electricity and Idaho Power the lowest, 28.2% .Natural gas was used most (36.0%) in the Washington Water Power Co. area. . . The percentage fi gures deri ved from the sampl e for primary heat source for all utility areas were compared with the Idaho number found in the Residential Energy Survey conducted for the Bonnevi11 e Power Administration. Our Survey BPA Survey2../ Electricity 36.37 . 5% Natural Gas 30.27. Fuel Oil 20.1 %16. Wood/Coal 15. Other .!I Computer tape pri ntout for Idaho only supplied by BPA. The major difference in relative percentage figures between the ~o surveys is the much higher use of wood and coal as a primary heat source found in the BPA study. As part of the fuel crisis sample survey people were asked if they used any auxi1 iary heat sources, and if they did what were they.The responses in re1 ati ve percentages were: 22- TABLE 5 MAJOR SOURCE OF HEAT FOR SAMPLE BY ELECTRIC UTILITY SERVICE AREA ALL UTILITIES MAJOR SOURCE OF HEAT (%) IPCo (%)WHP (%)UP&L (%) E1 ectric 36.28.30.48.Baseboard 18.13.14.21. 1Ceiling11.9Furnace10.14.14. Heat Pump 1. 1 1.6 Oi 1 20.22.26.15. Natura 1 Gas 30.34.36.21.1 Wood and Coal Bott1 ed Gas and Other Combi na ti ons Source Portub1 e E1 ectric Heaters Wall & Other Electric Fi rep1 ace Wood ~ Coal & Other None 21 . 17. 50. Income and Energy Cost Re1 at ions hi ps The data gathered through the survey p1 us the appended information on kwh I s of usage: supp1 ied by the uti1 ity companies make it possible to relate income of the sample recipien~to the average monthly bill for each utility service area.Table 6 describes the rat io of average e1 ectric bill s to For the total sample , ' e1ectricity bills representaverage monthly i ncomes. an average of 8.5% of income. To determine the extent to which this percent differs from that of all el ectri c customers ~ a compos i te average bi 11 was est ima ted.The resul ts show that the low income sample customers pay a substantiJl1y higher percent of their earnings for electric service than average income households. ge r~ean Average ean Average Month1 '-- Income Income Electric Bill (per year)(per month) $12 360 $35.Tota 1 Ida ho $1,030 3.4% Samp 1 ed Popu1 ati on $ 4 308 359 $30 .4~/ , p. 25.The figure isa 0 Economic Forecast , Vol. II, No. the mean annua wage for 1979. The average bill for the Oct. 1979 - Mar. 1980 period was computed using the monthly reports filed by the companies with the IPUC. An average bill for each utility was first calculated. The composite bill was then derived by wei ghti ng the company bi 11 s i n the same proporti on that each represented of the total number of residential customers served by all of the companies. PP&L data was not available for use in the weighting. Average bi 11 s for the 6-month study peri od were fi rst computed fo'~ the four utilities in the survey using company rate schedules and sample data. Thecomposite bill was calculated by weighting the individual bills in the same proportion as th~y were represented in the sampled population. 24- TA B L E 6 AV E R A G E S A M P L E R E S I D E N T I A L E L E C T R I C B I L L AS P E R C E N T O F M O N T H L Y I N C O M E BY U T I L I T Y C O M P A N Y S E R V I C E A R E A Av e r a g e M 0 n t h l y Av e r a g e M o n t h l Ra t i 0 (% ) 0 f Av e r a g e M o n t h l y E l e c t r i c B i l l Se r v i c e A r e a Av e r a g e M o n t h l y I n c o m e kw h Us a g e El e c t r i c B i l l to A v e r a g e M o n t h l y I n c o m e To t a 1 S a m p l e $3 5 9 12 4 8 k w h $3 0 . 40 I P C o $3 4 3 12 1 8 k w h $2 9 . HH P $3 8 9 12 3 6 k w h $2 0 . UP & L $3 9 0 14 1 8 k w h $5 3 . 13 . PP & L $3 3 7 18 2 4 k w h $3 5 . 10 . ~/ S i x - m o n t h a v e r a g e O c t o b e r , 1 9 7 9 - M a r c h , 1 9 8 0 12 / T h i : s fi g u r e w a s o b t a i n e d b y w e i g h t i n g i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e p r o p o r t i o n e a c h e l e c t r i c c o m p a n y s e r v i c e . a r e a i s re p r e s e n t e d i n t h e s a m p l e d p o p u l a t i o n . Separate computations were made for sample households that heated with electricity and with natural gas (See Tabl e 7).The ratio of electric bill to monthly income figures for each of the utilities for electrically heated households should closely approximate the a verage home energy costs for the survey time period. competitively priced. This will hold if alternative energy sources are It shoul d not be inferred from the numbers that the 14% average for all Idaho utilities is anywhere close to a maximum.The ratio is much higher for. some households, exceeding 40% for one-tenth of the ' households in one utility service area. 26- TA B L E 7 AV E R A G E S A M P L E E L E C T R I C B I L L A S P E R C E N T O F M O N T H L Y I N C O M E FO R G A S A N D E L E C T R I C H E A T U S E R S BY U T I L I T Y C O M P A N Y SE R V I C E A R E A Av e r a g e ~1 o n t h 1 y Av e r a g e . I Av e r a g e M o n t h l Y 6 1 RA T I O ( % ) E L E C B I L L IN C O M E EL E C T R I C I T Y U S E EL E C T R I C B I L L - TO M O N T H L Y ~ NC O M E E1 e c He a t Ga s H e a t El e c H e a t Ga s H e a t El e c H e a t Ga s H e a t E1 e c He a t Ga s H e a t To t a 1 A ~e c t r i c Ut i l i t i e s t: l . : U . $3 4 6 2 , 1 1 1 k w h 71 3 k w h ~I = \ ? 7 n $1 9 . 14 % .- / ' " c. . IP C o $3 3 8 $3 3 4 2 t 02 8 k w h 73 4 k w h $4 6 . $1 9 . 14 % WH P $4 3 1 $3 7 7 22 1 k w h 65 5 k w h $4 1 . 5 0 $1 2 . 10 % UP & L $4 4 5 $3 6 5 16 9 k w h 74 0 k w h $7 9 . 2c t l $3 0 . 18 % PP & L $3 4 1 $3 1 7 2 , 12 8 k w h 64 7 k w h $4 1 . $1 3 ~ 9 0 10 % 5i x - m o n t h a v e r a g e O c t o b e r 19 7 9 - M a r c h 19 8 0 Th e a v e r a g e b i l l s s h o w n f o r e a c h u t i l i t y w e r e c o m p u t e d u s i n g t h e t a r i f f s c h e d u l e s i n e f f e c t i n D e c e m b e r 19 7 9 . Th e c o m p o s i t e f o r al l u t i l i t f e s w a s w e i g h t e d i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n t h a t e a c h c o m p a n y w a s r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e sa m p 1 e . No a d j u s t m e n t w a s m a d e ; n t h e we ; g h t ; n g to t a k e ; n t o a c c ~u n t t h e l o w e r r a t e s a p p 1 ;c a b 1 e t o th e m o n t h o f O c t o b e r . MODAL DISTRIBUTION, HIGH ELECTRI C USERS AND ENERGY USE RELATIONSHI PS Mbda 1 Di stri b~ti on The six-month average electrical usage for the sample households was arrayed by 100 kwh intervals.These were then plotted by the percent of the sample that occurred in each i nterva 1 .Computati ons and drawings were made for the total and the three electric utility areas.The results are shown in Graphs 8, 9, 10, and 11. The significant points on th~ graphs are the peaks and troughs.For the state total, and in all of the utility company areas, the peaks are'at the 400-600 kwh level.In terms of current electrical use by the sample households, essential needs " for most would be met at these amounts of electric usage with the exception of heat.Included would be electricity needed for electric lighting, refrigeration, hot water heat, and some other appliances. TIle question of heat is a thorny one.Quite ovbiously it is a necessity. However there are substitutable .fuels that can be used for heat.The graphs that have been drawn show a rapid increase in the percent of .electricity used by most people, then a more gradual decline.The point at which the decline begins identifies non-electric use of fuels for heating.From that position to the first trough is mainly electric heat use.This is evident from the data shown on 1000 kwh. There 76 - 79% of households in the sample had usage in July below The first trough can be considered to locate that part of electric heat Table 8. which is essential.The break Joint for Idaho Power Co. was located in the range of 1500 - 1600 kwh, and for Washington Water Power in the range of 1300 - 1400 kwh. The graph plotted for Utah Power & Light area is the least satisfactory.However, the fi rst major trough occurs at the 1200 kwh poi nt and the second at 1600 kwh. Although the plotted figures rise to a second peak at 2000 kwh, the range from 1200 - 1600 kwh appears to more closely define the usage break for electric heat. 28- TA B L E 8 CO M P A R I S O N O F S A M P L E E L E C T R I C U S E J U L Y A N D J A N U A R Y BY U T I L I T Y C O M P A N Y IP C o WW P UP & L Ju l y 1 9 7 9 Ja n 1 9 8 0 Ju l y 1 9 7 9 Ja n 1 9 8 0 Ju l y 1 9 7 9 Ja n 1 9 8 0 KW H Cu m u l a t i v e % I C u m u l a t i v e Cu m u l a t i v e % I C u m u l a t i v e ' C u m u l a t i v e Cu m u l a t i v e % 0 - 49 9 36 . 16 . 39 . 21 . 31 . 17 . 1 % 50 0 - 99 9 77 . 48 . 79 . 49 . 75 . 43 . 10 0 0 - 1 4 9 9 95 . 69 . 95 . 66 . 94 . 53 . 15 0 0 - 1 9 9 9 97 . 10 0 . 68 . 98 . 67 . 1 % 20 0 0 - 2 4 9 9 99 . 83 . 78 . 10 0 . 73 . 25 0 0 - 2 9 9 9 1 0 0 . 0 % 89 . 86 . 84 . 30 0 0 - 3 4 9 9 92 . 92 . 1 % 89 . 35 0 0 - 3 9 9 9 97 . 95 . 97 . 40 0 0 - 4 4 9 9 98 . 97 . 98 . 45 0 0 + 10 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 0 . gh Electric Use~ To get a better idea of the variables that relate to relatively high! el ectric use all sampl e househol ds that had average usage of more than 2500 kwh/mo were separately i denti fi ed for each uti 1 i ty.As a percent of the total samplet approximately 14% of the households had high usage as defined by the six month October 1979 - March 1980 average kwh use. Significantly electric usage for 70% of the households could be lessened if the strucutres were adequately weatheri zed.Family size does not appear to be an invariable condition for high usage since more than 30% of the high users were one or 2 person households.Nor does fioor space heated see~ to be an inhibiting factor in usage.Seventy-three percent of the hi gh users heated 1 ess than 1200 sq. ft. which is below the 1300 sq.ft. estimate for a typical Idaho dwell i ng.FinallYt nearly all of the high use dwelling structures were either single family residences or mobile homes which makes them more amenable to the company s weatherization financing pla~s. ~ ,- 30- TABLE 9 CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS HAVING AVERAGE KWH USAGE EXCEEDING 2500 KWHjMO OCTOBER 1979 - MARCH 1980 BY UTILITY COMPANY AREA Ut il ity Company Area CHARA TERI STI CS Total ' " IPCo WWP UP&L PP&L Number in Household 15.15.16.16.18.15.33.25.0% .1 4 .21.33.16. 18.18.1 %16.16.28.27.27.16.33.42. Type .0 f Structure Si ngl e Family 56.69.41.58.40 .Multi-Family & Apartment 1. 7% Mob; 1 e Homes 41.30.50.41 .60 . 0% Weatherization ~j Ins U I at i on & wi ndows covered 30.46.58.30. Inadequate or none 70.53.41.100.70. Floor Space Heated 0 -799 sq. ft. 35. 1 %34.33.33.40.1 %800 - 1199 sq. ft. 38.20.33.41 .59. 1200 - 1 599 sq. ft.18.27.1 %16.16. 1600 - 1999 sq.ft.18.2000 + sq. ft.1. 7% The four classes of weatherization measures identified on the household surveys were reduced to two for this table. These could be identified as those appearing to have adequate insulation and other protection and thos e that do not. ------ 1--- ~ /~ \ ~ I g ~ t-:- ... CI'\ - ~ Cj) ~ 0 ~Q ;:r ~ ~ &-J 0 ""0"0 ~ r- ~ ~ 0 v: ~ fJ .; ~ . ? ......- ~ 03 ~ .-of ~ - ~ 0 A "'1 ,...-- IS'ora(1\ , ~.-----..- H.-_, ...;:;-'-...... .... Sl ~ (J\et:) ---. ------- 1-- ~ \'"' f) - ,-- er- ~ ~ .... V'I 0 :3'" -, :s ~ \ O 0 :) - iJ ~ q ; Jt: -I ('1 ~ - ...., ~""" ::s ItA P H ~ A vc r a g - e E le c t r i c a l U5 ~ MO D A L D t 5 T R 1 B U T l O N To r . a 1 5 a m p t c , A l l ut i l fr i ~ $ 1. 0 I ~1( . , 2 . (;, . " - . . . . " ' - "" - -. - - " "- . . .- - - - ' - . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 8_ . ~. - kw h / m o n t h To t a l n u m b e r f n s a m p l l : 4- TECHNICAL APPENDIX Sampl j)esig Each Community Action Agency (CAA) and the Idaho 11i grant Council (IMC) were contacted.They were asked to make an undupl icated count of the number of households in their area for which they had made fuel crisis payments by electric utility company service jurisdiction.These were payments to uti 1 i ty compani es or other household ~nergy suppliers.Municipal and cooperative systems were omitted from this determination because lifeline rates were not being considered for them.Indian nation programs were not included nor was the Citizen Utility Company a rea. From the counts made by the CAA's and IMC it was estimated that 10~O34 househo 1 ds received payments through these agenci es during the October 1979 - March 1980 period.The percentage of tnose in each elect1~ic utility jurisdiction was: Idaho Power Company Washington Water Power Co. Utah Power & Light Co. Paci fi c Power & Light Co. 73, 16, 1.3% Using this information a sample design was derived which would give results at a 95 percent confidence level, sampling is: The standard statistical formula for this 5% = N - n N - where: p = percent of the characteristic in the universe as a decimal N = size of universe n = size of sample t = 1.96 (95% level) Using this methqd a total sample of 540 was decided upon.This was divided among the elect~ic utility areas:Idaho Power Co = 55%; Washington Water Power - 18%; Utah Power & Light - 18%; and Pacific Power & Light - 9%. TECHNI CAL APPENDI X - 2 To obtain a sample that \'lOuld be reflective of the sampled population by region, the sample was stratified.Thi s was done by returning to the ori gi na 1 information the CAA's and IMC had provided for unduplicated counts of households that had received fuel crisis payment assistance by electric utility 'jurisdic- t ion.The total sample determined for each jurisdiction was then divided among the agencies in the same proportion that the unduplicated count for each was of the tota 1 . Sampling and Interviewing The actual sampling was done using the CAA's or Migrant Council records whi ch were ma i nta i ned in card fi 1 es .Tne cards for individual households were systematica lly drawn for the survey.These nouseho 1 ds were then i ntervi ewed. The i ntervi ews were conducted by agency peopl e or Ci tizens Coalition personnel assigned to the agencies.All persons interviewed were asked if they would agree to participate in the survey.Assurances were gi ven that names woul d not be released in the final product. In a few instances the peopl e contacted decl ined to partici pate.When thi s occurred a replacement card was pulled from the files and this household was i nterv i ewed .If there was no one at the residence a follow-up was made in the evening or at another time.Whenever possi b 1 e tel epnone contacts were made to set up an interview time.If these efforts fail ed a letter was sent out with a form for completion with a stamped envelope enclosed for reply.Through this process nearly all the households selected in the sampling process were interviewed. those few instances when the peopl e conducti ng the i ntervi ews were un~,bl e after several and various attempts to interview the households selected for the sample, a replacement card was obtained from the ~les and the new sample household was i nterv i e\'/ed . , --) , TECHNICAL APPENDIX - 3 When this data base had been built , the Idaho Public Utilities Commission sent either the names of the people or their account number to the electric util ity company serving the area and asked that they supply monthly kwh amounts used for each of them.Some problems were encountered by the utility companie~ in retrieving these data from their records such as people having moved and no longer being on thei r 1 i st i ngs or names submitted by us whi ch coul d not be matched i n the company records. As a result the final sample was somewhat smaller than had been planned. The number of households in the final sample was 466. The percent that each utility is represented in the total sample , the number in the sampl e for eacn util ity area, and the error rate for each one: of Sampl e Number in Sampl e Error Rate (%) Idaho Power Company 55.259 Washi ngton Water Power Co.1 9.10.4% Utah Power & Li ght 16.10.4% Paci fi c Power & Li got 1 5. For some households no information was recorded for particular variables. Either the people interviewed did not know or the person doing the interviewing was unable to obtain the information. - In these instances adjustments were made in the data processing to exclude these from tne data produced for that variable.