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20250818Demand For Redress of Grievances.pdf
�-' - United States Department of State Washington, D.C. 20520 NOTICE By virtue of the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution,art. V1, el. 2, and sovereign immunity, a state or local court does not have authority to subpoena a federal agency and/or its employce(s) for official information in a proceeding to which the United States is not a party. Rather,the proper method for a party in a state court action to seek official information from a non-party federal agency and/or one of its employees is to request the information under the agency's"Touhy"regulations. See United Slates ex rel. Touhy v. Ragen,340 U.S.46(1951). You may find the regulations of the U.S. Department of State at 22 C.F.R. Part 172. We refer you to the procedures set forth in regulations at 22 C.F.R. Part 172. Please review them carefully. �p O5arathers U.S.C. Title 42 & Title 18 U.S.C. §§ 241 and 242 We advocate with truth for TRUTH not fiction via W" title A division of' Perfect Trader 4 Main Street#157 Allenhurst New Jersey State [07711] + .GkZZ_JPZ- 4 dalm?d fff 6'JQA4��,w of&fiepmw Organization's Name: PETERSEN, RANDY DEAN Exemption Number: C 20442372 Organization's Name: PETERSEN, LEISA MARIE NEE' PERRY Exemption Number: C 20442371 lc�e a1129arted Cbtates familp members"both publie and prmate, NOTE: Americans are United States citizens and nationals.The United States is home to people of various racial and ethnic backgrounds.consequently. U.S.federal law does not equate nationality with race or ethnicity but rather with citizenship. Article 42 of the Hague Regulations of 1917, states that"Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army,e.g.,armed United States/UN special law enforcement. Black's Law 6"' Ed.: Military —The Amendatory Act to the Trading with the Enemy Act of October 6. 1917 - namely the Emergency Banking Relief Act of March 9. 1933—legally defined the American people, i.e.,We the People or the United States of America,as the enemy of the United States Government because of the US corporate bankruptcy,through which the private, international Federal Reserve System"became the Government",i.e.,the Creditor of the United States. See"Ramifications of the Bankruptcy—The Nature of Federal Reserve(Promissory/lob)Notes"in Appendix. An at-issue waiver is a legal term that refers to an exemption from the attorney client privilege. This means that a litigant or Plaintiff,i.e.,someone who initiates a lawsuit,is considered to have given up their right to keep certain information confidential if they take a position in the case that cannot be effectively challenged without analyzing that confidential information. Pursuant to 22 C.F.R. Part 172 For Repatriated U.S.Citizen PETERSEN,RANDY DEAN -- Repatriated U.S. Citizen—01/18/2022 For Repatriated U.S.Citizen PETERSEN, LEISA MARIE nee'PERRY —Repatriated U.S.Citizen—01/18/2022 c/o Mr. Secretary Marco Rubio Office of the United States Secretary of State U.S. Department of State 2201 C Street NW, Washington, D.C.20520 Pursuant to Title 28§547 For Repatriated U.S.Citizen PETERSEN, RANDY DEAN —Repatriated U.S.Citizen—01/18/2022 For Repatriated U.S.Citizen PETERSEN, LEISA MARIE nee'PERRY —Repatriated U.S.Citizen—01/18/2022 c/o Attorneys General; Pam Bondi Office of the United States Attorneys General U.S.Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue,NW Washington, DC 20530 NYC=New York City I New York Convention=NYC Page I of 7 For Repatriated U.S.citizen PETERSEN, RANDY DEAN; ET ALIA-01/18/2022 For Repatriated U.S.citizen PETERSEN, LEISA MARIE nee'PERRY; ET ALIA-01/18/2022 c/o Jay Clayton; d.b.a.:interim United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York-Criminal Division United States Attorneys Office 26 Federal Plaza,37th Floor,New York,NY 10278 For Repatriated U.S.citizen PETERSEN,RANDY DEAN;ET ALIA-01/18/2022 For Repatriated U.S.citizen PETERSEN, LEISA MARIE nee'PERRY;ET ALIA-01/18/2022 To: Felice John Viti d.b.a.: Acting United States Attorney for the District of Utah c/o Home Office 111 South Main Street,Suite 1800 Salt Lake City,Utah 84111-2176 To: Mr. Michael McSweeny d.b.a. City Clerk/Clerk of the Council 141 Worth Street New York,NY 10013 To: Scott Turner,Secretary of HUD—Successors and or Assigns c/o U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 7th Street, S.W.,Washington,DC 20410 To: ADAM GLANTZ- Field Office Director—Successors and or Assigns c/o Region/Regional Office- Region Il-New York NY New York Regional Office,Jacob K. Javits Federal Building 26 Federal Plaza, Suite 3541 New York,NY 10278-0068 To:JUSTIN SCHEID-Field Office Director—Successors and or Assigns c/o Region/Regional Office- Region 11-New York NY Newark Field Office,One Newark Center 1085 Raymond Boulevard, l3th Floor Newark,NJ 07102-5260 To: LISA M. PUGLIESE- Field Office Director—Successors and or Assigns c/o Region 1 Regional Office-Region II-New York NY Albany Field Office,52 Corporate Circle Albany,NY 12203-5121 To: LISA M. PUGLIESE-Field Office Director—Successors and or Assigns c/o Region/Regional Office-Region 1I-New York NY Buffalo Field Office-300 Pearl St., Suite 301 Buffalo,NY 14202 RE: FINAL NOTICE: Required Access for(Smart)Meter at 336 North 100 West, Downey, Idaho Final Notice of Electrical Service Termination; copy of mail(fraud)envelope enclosed. ROCKY MOUNTAIN POWER PACIFICORP attempt to unlawfully install hazardous Smart Meter. Cc: Cindy Crane(Chair,CEO PacifiCorp), Ryan Flynn (President Pacific Power Div.), Richard Garlish (President Rocky Mountain Power Div.)Serving Catifornia, Idaho,Oregon, Utah and Washington. Such extensive acts of legal obfuscation and procedural misconduct demand immediate attention and resolution. It is imperative to uphold principles of transparency,justice, and accountability to restore the integrity of due process and to safeguard the rights of people adversely affected by these practices. The gravity of these allegations calls for a thorough investigation and corrective measures to rectify the systemic failures outlined herein. Notice to Agents is notice to Principals.Notice to Principals is notice to Agents Applicable to all successors and or assigns Ignorance of Divine Law is no excuse TAKE NOTICE,I/we are NOT members of any"humanist community","intentional community"or American Indian Reservation,and we do not have any contractual agreement with nor owe any"obligatory sacrifices"to the New York City Council nor its Board of Delegates. NYC=New York City i New York Convention=NYC Page 2 of 7 This DEMAND FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES is being presented to immediately bring all involved parties before The f Djv' i ,via our freely chosen ADVOCATES for the Divine. Galatians 6:7 1 James 2:13 1 Proverbs 3:27 American Indian Reservations-also known as: Domestic dependent nations The first reservation was established by the Easton Treaty with the colonial governments of New Jersey and Pennsylvania on August 29, 1758, in southern New Jersey, at the Brotherton Indian Reservation in Shamong Township in Burlington County,in the U.S. state of New Jersey.The region consisted of 3,284 acres(13.29 km2)until it was renamed Indian Mills, New Jersey. Before being designated as a reservation, Brotherton was an industrial town,known for gristmills and sawmills.The town was also historically known as Edgepillockor Edgepelick. American Indian Reservations are political divisions located in the United States.Currently,there are 326 American Indian Reservations in the United States, with a combined area of 1.32 acres (0.53 ha)comprising the Cemetery at the Likely Rancheria of the Pit River Tribe in California and 27,413 sq mi (71,000 km2) of the Navajo Nation Reservation located in Arizona,New Mexico,and Utah.These regions are legally classified as Indian Land or Indian Country.The Likely Rancheria is served by the Modoc Joint Unified School District. TAKE NOTICE, the American Indian Reservation that was first established in 1758 as the Brotherton Indian Reservation, in Shamong Township, New Jersey, was forcibly relocated to Stockbridge, New York before it was permanently transferred to Green Bay,Wisconsin. Shamong was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 19, 1852,from portions of Medford, Southampton and Washington townships. Today, the Stockbridge—Munsee Community is a federally recognized tribe, with a 22,000-acre(8,900 ha)reservation in Shawano County, Wisconsin.A fact to be cognizant of is that the region known as Indian Mills, New Jersey, is not the same legal entity as the Brotherton Indian Reservation,which was forcibly relocated to Green Bay,Wisconsin. In 1992, a non-binding referendum gave voters the opportunity to consider renaming the township to Indian Mills, New Jersey, which is factually an unincorporated community within Shamong township. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley. New Jersey is the most densely populated U.S. state, as well as being the only U.S. state in which every county is deemed urban by the U-S.Census Bureau. TAKE FURTHER ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE, according to United States publicly available investment prospectus,provided by American Community Survey or ACS,the U.S. citizen against which the enclosed claim/ petition is filed, is domiciled in or resides in, Country: United States; U.S. state: Idaho; County: Bannock; City: Downey,ZIP Code: 83234_ Further,pursuant to ZIP Codes are used to invoke United States federal jurisdiction for The Central Synagogue, in MANHATTAN,NY or NEW YORK,NY the United States Postal Service or USPS website, a'ZIP Code is a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service or LISPS. Introduced on July 1, 1963, the basic format consisted of five digits. In 1983,an extended ZIP+4 code was introduced; it included the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four digits that designated a more specific location.The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan. However, a ZIP code is not a physical boundary,but a postal route designed with convenience and efficiency in mind. It was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly when senders use the code in the postal address. According to the USPS,ZIP Codes can span multiple cities,counties,and even multiple states. Further,ZIP codes are USPS delivery areas, not necessarily matching any political borders. Furthermore, use of the ZIP Code is optional pursuant to Domestic Mail Services Regulations, Section 122.32. The Postal service cannot discriminate against the non-use of the ZIP Code pursuant to "Postal Reorganization Act", Section 403, or Public Law 91-375.Additionally, the term ZIP Code was originally registered as a service mark by the USPS. Its registration expired in 1997. All federal trust lands held for American Indian or Native American tribes are classified as Indian country. Federal, state, and local governments use this category in their legal processes. Indian country now spans thousands of rural areas,towns and cities where American Indians reside. Indian Land or Indian Country is any of the self-governing political divisions of any Native American or American Indian community throughout the United States.Customarily it refers to lands governed by Federally recognized tribes and State recognized tribes.The concept of tribal sovereignty legally recognizes tribes as distinct,independent nations within the United States. As a legal category, it includes "ail land within the limits of any Indian reservation", "all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States", and "all Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished." American Indian or Native Indian Tribes which are not recognized by the government can seek recognition.Multiple tribes that had their relationship with the Federal Government terminated have not regained Federal recognition. Legal classification NYC=New York City I New York Convention=NYC Page 3 of 7 The American military, i.e., United States Department of Defense or DoD, has since applied the term to sovereign land outside its control. This legal classification defines American Indian tribal and individual land holdings as part of a reservation, dependent Indian community, an allotment, or a public domain allotment. Except as otherwise provided in sections 1154 and 1156 of this title the term"Indian count as used in this cha ter means: a) all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States Government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent,and, including rights-of-way running through the reservation, b) all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States whether within the original or subsequently acquired(partitioned)territory thereof,and whether within or without the limits of a state,and c) all Indian allotments,the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the same. Additionally,according to United States publicly available investment prospectus the referenced United States Census real estate CDP paper address is located in United States and United States is a UN member state, i.e., a polity or political entity and is not to be confused with U.S. state of Idaho, which is the local or federal government for the host country,nor the State of Idaho,which is the regional government for the host country. Consequently,this legal conundrum was forwarded to the Federal Government to be expeditiously addressed. See enclosed EXHIBIT(S). The American Community Survey or ACS is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the United States Census Bureau. It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census, including ancestry,US citizenship status, educational attainment,income, language proficiency,migration, disability, employment,and housing characteristics.According to ACS,no respondents personal information is released and only used statistically in these data which are used by many public-sector,private-sector, voluntary-sector/third-sector, and not-for-profit stakeholders or volunteers, to allocate funding, track shifting demographics, plan for emergencies,and learn about local communities. The ACS was created to help: 1) local officials, 2) community leaders, and 3) businesses understand the changes taking place in their intentional communities.It is the premier source for detailed population and housing information about their nation.A United States nation is a type of social organization where a collective identity,and a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, within a territory, such as language,history, ethnicity,culture,or society. Nations are constructed around either ethnicity, known as ethnic nationalism,or by political constitutions,known as civic nationalism. In relation to public services, the voluntary sector is the realm of social activity undertaken by non-governmental organizations, known as "NGOs", and not for profit organizations. This sector is also called the third sector, in contrast to the public sector and the private sector,community sector,and nonprofit sector."Civic sector"or"social sector"are other terms used for the voluntary sector,emphasizing its relationship to civil society. Voluntary sector activities are important in many areas of life, including social care,child care,animal welfare, sport and environmental protection. A variety of terms is used to describe the non-governmental, not-for-profit sector, including "voluntary sector", "third sector", "community sector", and"nonprofit sector".In 1965,Richard Comuelle, a political activist, charity worker, author, and one of the first modern American libertarians, coined the term "independent sector" and was one of the first scholars to point out the vast impact and unique mechanisms of this sector,but in some contexts, such as social care,this term includes businesses operating for profit. A formal economic theory of the voluntary,nonprofit sector and its role was developed by the American economist Burton Weisbrod in the 1970s, and subsequent decade. It distinguishes its incentives and behaviors from that of the private and public sectors of the economy and recognizes non-profit organizations as suppliers of public goods that are under-supplied by the government.This enabled calculation of the value of voluntary labor in the United States, which is a factor now considered in the analysis of efficiency wage. Burton A.Weisbrod,born February 13, 1931,in Chicago,Illinois,is an American economist who pioneered the theory of option value or cost benefit analysis, and the theory of why voluntary nonprofit organizations exist. He also developed the methodology for valuing voluntary labor.He advanced methods for benefit-cost analysis of public policy by recognizing the roles of externality effects and collective public goods in program evaluation. He applied those methods to the fields of education,health care,poverty,public interest law,and nonprofit organization.Over a career of fifty years, he published 16 books and over 200 scholarly articles. He is currently the Cardiss Collins Professor of Economics Emeritus and a Fellow of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University. In the United States, approximately 10% of GDP is attributable to the third sector. Donating or tithing to private reli ious organizations remains the most popular American cause and all reli ious orizanizations are entirel nrivately funded because the eovernment is limited from establishin or vrohibitinQ a reli ion under the First Amendment. Although the voluntary, community, and not-for-personal-profit sectors are frequently taken to compose the "Third Sector", each of these sectors or sub-sectors have quite different characteristics.The community sector is assumed to comprise unpaid volunteers, while the voluntary sector is considered to employ staff working for a social or community purpose:"hence the phrase'voluntary and community sector'or VCS,is used to encompass the full range". NYC=New York City I New York Convention=NYC Page 4 of 7 In cost—benefit analysis and social welfare economics, the term option value refers to the value that is placed on private willingness to pay for maintaining or preserving a public asset or service even if there is little or no likelihood of the individual actually ever using it.At the Corporation Posing as an Indian Nation or CPAIN,for example,The Poospatuck Reservation, United States, the concept of willingness to pay is analogous with or corresponds to the standard economic view of a consumer reservation price. Reservation prices are commonly used in auctions,but the concept can be extended beyond. The concept is most commonly used in public policy assessment to justify continuing investment in parks, wildlife refuges and land conservation,as well as rail transportation facilities and services.It is also recognized as an element of the total economic value of environmental resources. This concept of"option value" in cost—benefit analysis is different from the concept used in finance,where the term refers to the valuation of a financial instrument that provides for a future purchase of an asset. However,the two can be related insofar as both can be interpreted as a valuation of risk factors. The term "option value" and its theoretical underpinnings as a non-user benefit were initially developed in 1964 by the American economist, Burton Weisbrod (identified above). See attached Cancellation of Option Contract. It was posited as an element of benefit distinct from the traditional concept of consumer surplus,and it depended on three factors: (1)uncertainty about future need for the asset,(2)irreversibility or high cost of replacement if the asset is lost, and (3)non-storability of the asset. That was followed by an active academic debate about the concept, and refinement of its measurement. Some economists further developed its distinction from consumer surplus and role as an uncertainty risk aversion premium, leading to the suggestion that a concept of 'option price" may be more appropriate. Others stressed the irreversibility aspect of the resource and further specified the framework for valuing avoidance of that risk, with suggestions to adopt a concept of"quasi option value" or"irreversibility effect."All of these terms and concepts appear in academic literature. However,the original term "option value" is still commonly used in applied studies. In the basic model of optimal auction design developed by Roger Myerson in 1981,the optimal reservation price, i.e.,the smallest admissible bid, is independent of the number of bidders.This basic model of optimal auction design assumes that the bidder's type is known; that is, the seller has asked the potential buyers what their value estimates are, and the potential buyers have answered the question honestly. Myerson assumes that the bidders have private independent values,meaning that each bidder's valuation of the object to be auctioned off is a realization of a random variable observed only by the bidder,and the random variables are stochastically independent,i.e.the random variable observed by one bidder has no impact on the random variable observed by another bidder. For example, if every bidder's valuation is drawn independently from a uniform distribution on the interval (0,1001, then the optimal reservation price is 50. According to traditional economic theory, the optimal reservation price results from balancing two opposing effects. First, a higher reservation price is desirable for the seller since it deters bidders from falsely claiming that they have only a small valuation.Second,a higher reservation price is undesirable for the seller since it deters bidders with truly small valuations from participating in the auction.According to behavioral economic theory,a reservation price may also have additional effects. In particular, Rosenkranz and Schmitz (2007)have argued that a reservation price can serve as a reference point when bidders have preferences as studied in prospect theory. In a newer model of auction theory proposed by Gunay,Meng and Nagelberg(2013),different assumptions are made. Gunay,Meng and Nagelberg assume that each potential buyer has a different type,drawn from a different distribution function.That is,the bidders are asymmetric.They do not assume that the seller is aware of what type each potential buyer is.Alternatively, they assume that a specific reserve price, which does not alter based on the bidder, must be used by the seller,such as in the case of some government organizations where price discrimination could cause legal trouble for the government organization.These assumptions are considered equivalent. This change in assumptions leads to a different outcome than was found by Myerson, in that the optimal reservation price, i.e., the price that is acceptable to the Poospatuck Reservation, is impacted by the number of bidders, and the optimal reserve price found when the weighted average of the virtual valuations of potential buyers is set to equal the value estimate the seller has for the object. In mainstream economics,economic surplus,also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus,after the English economist Alfred Marshall, is either of two related quantities: 1)Consumer surplus,or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the highest price that they would be willing to pay; 2) Producer surplus, or producers' surplus, is the amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to sell for; this is roughly equal to profit, since producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price. The sum of consumer and producer surplus is sometimes known as social surplus or total surplus;a decrease in that total from inefficiencies is called deadweight loss. United States federal government, as well as various businesses, researchers, and local governments use ACS data for these planning and decision-making purposes. ACS data are used by public and business decision-makers to more clearly identify issues and opportunities and more effectively allocate their private resources to address them. NYC=New York City I New York Convention=NYC Page 5 of 7 Despite the Government Accountability Office's conclusion that the U.S. Census Bureau has the authority to conduct the survey under 13 U.S.0 § 141 and 13 U.S-C. § 193, several US representatives have challenged the ACS as unauthorized by the Census Act of 1920, and a violation of the Right to Financial Privacy Act.Opponents of the American Community Survey disagree with the court's findings about its constitutionality,contending that the survey asks for more information and at a higher frequency than the simple enumeration authorized and required by Article 1, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. Because it is a mandatory survey of the United States government within their limited area, it is governed by federal or statutory laws that could impose a fine of as much as $5,000 on local residents/squatters who flagrantly refuse to participate. To date, no person has been prosecuted for refusing to answer the ACS. Kenneth Prewitt,the former director of the U.S.Census Bureau,said in March 2000 that the United States Department of Commerce is "not an enforcement agency" and that the parallel United States Department of Justice in the cabinet of the United States president would be responsible for prosecuting violations, adding that "we don't recommend that". The Census Bureau prefers to gain cooperation by convincing respondents of the importance of participation white acknowledging that the mandate improves response rates and towers the annual cost of survey administration by more than $90 million. U.S. Representative congressman Ron Paul of Texas, who opposes ACS, said that the founding fathers of the United States"never authorized the federal government to continuously survey the American people". He should have stated instead, `survey the North American people based on the classification of"American"by the United States of America.Those who decline to complete the survey may receive visits to their homes from Census Bureau personnel. However, resentment of prover identification such as a PASSPORT or PASSCARD Provides conclusive notification of one's tax exem t political status and standing. In 2014, the Census Project, a collaboration of pro-Census business and industry associations, gathered signatures from 96 national and local organizations urging the U.S.House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to reject a proposal to make the American Community Survey voluntary.The letter cited results from a congressionally mandated test of a voluntary ACS that found that mail response rates would drop "dramatically," by more than 20 percentage points.The resulting loss in quality and reliability would essentially eliminate data for 41 percent of US counties,small cities,towns and villages,many school districts,neighborhoods, remote areas, and American Indian reservations. Signers included: 1) the U.S. Chamber of Commerce; 2) the National Association of Realtors, and 3)the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The new mailing/bitting address for the terminated HUD/CDP is"In Care of" U.S. Department of the Treasury 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C.,U.S., 20220.A copy of the FINAL NOTICE: Required Access for Meter Upgrade at 336 North 100 West, Downey, Idaho Includes copy of mailing envelopes and receipt(considered mail fraud)of the Joint Stock Company or J.S.C.doing business as State of IDAHO is attached.United State D. partmentofn N-OTI_CE QF MAIL FRAUD tt FYI: An Honorary Consul is a single person, who is not a diplomat or consular officer nor a civil servant, representing another country, i.e., a foreign country or nation-state on an honorary basis with only a limited range of services. This individual is not necessarily a citizen of the country he 1 she represents but in most cases is a citizen of the host country.These individuals are addressed as"Your Honor" or"HONORABLE"_ In the United States, a state is a constituent or representative political entity, of which there are 50. They are bound together in a political union, wherein each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sovereignty with the federal government,i.e.,the United States of America. In the United States"a union" is also known as a"security agreement". Due to this shared sovereignty,Americans are citizens both of the federal republic and of the U.S. state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons restricted by certain types of court orders,such as paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who share child custody. U.S. states are also known as Commonwealths. In the United States,a"person"is defined as a"foreign state"and owner of a vessel,and an"individual"is defined as an artificial"federally chartered entity", meaning a federal but not state chartered corporation or partnership or trust. Such an entity is a citizen of the United States because it presumptively has a physical presence in the District of Columbia(US)to be subject to the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the United States under Article 1,Section 8,Clause 17 of the U.S.Constitution.This conscription is accomplished by claiming that via the use of a census-designated or CDP paper address with ZIP Code, e.g.,336 N 100 W Downey, ID 83234;coordinates;40046"25"N 114032"17"W we reside in one of the approxi-mately 326 Indian reservations.However,compulsory"citizenship"does not exist. January 1, 1898, the City of Brooklyn became one of New York City's five administrative units or boroughs joining Manhattan,The Bronx, Queens,and Staten island,to become part of the newly irredentist annexation / consolidation of the City of Greater New York, with a new municipal charter after a long controversy, debate and campaign through the 1890s.This process is known as irredentism. New York Regional Office-Jacob K.Javits Federal Building,26 Federal Plaza,Suite 3541,New York,NY 10278- 0068-Region/Regional Office-Region II-New York NY. NYC=New York City I New York Convention-NYC Page 6 of 7 Irredentism is one state's desire, as a polity,to annex the territory of another state. This desire can be motivated by ethnic reasons because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to or the same as the population of the parent state. Many definitions of irredentism have been proposed to give a more precise formulation.Despite a wide overlap concerning its general features,there is no consensus about its exact characterization.The disagreements matter for evaluating whether irredentism was the cause of most wars. Historical reasons may also be responsible, i.e.,that the territory previously formed part of the parent state. The term irredentism was coined from the Italian phrase Italia irredenta or unredeemed Itaiv. The phrase Italia irredenta or unredeemed Italy,originally referred to territory in Austria-Hungary that was mostly or partly inhabited by ethnic Italians. It applies to Trentino and Trieste, but also Gorizia, Istria, Fiume, and Dalmatia during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Irredentist projects often use the term "Greater".to label the desired outcome of their expansion as in "Greater Serbia"; "Greater Russia" or the City of Greater New York. In the United States, the right to petition is enumerated in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which specifically prohibits the United States Congress from abridging"the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances".Although often overlooked in favor of other more famous freedoms, and sometimes taken for granted, many other civil liberties, i.e., the guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process, are enforceable against the government only by exercising this basic right.According to the Congressional Research Service, since the Constitution was written,the right of petition has expanded.The Congressional Research Service,or CRS, is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress.CRS is sometimes known as the United States Congress'think tank due to its broad mandate of providing research and analysis on all matters relevant to national policymaking. The right to petition is no longer confined to demands for"a redress gjgrievances,"in any accurate meaning of these words, but comprehends demands for an exercise by the government of its powers in furtherance of the interest and prosperity of the petitioners and of their views on politically contentious matters.The right extends to the "approach of citizens or groups of them to administrative agencies,which are both creatures of the legislature,and arms of the executive and "the courts", i.e., the third branch of Government. Certainly, the right to petition extends to all departments of the Government,and the right of access to the courts is indeed but one aspect of the right of petition." In Blackstone's Commentaries, Americans in the Thirteen Colonies read that "the right of petitioning the king, or either house of parliament, for the redress of grievances"was a"right appertaining to every individual". In 1776, the United States Declaration of Independence cited King George III of the United Kingdom's failure to redress the grievances listed in colonial petitions,such as the Olive Branch Petition of 1775,as a justification to declare war/independence,and that situation persists to the present day: "in every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant,is unfit to be the ruler of a free people." My/our political status and standing were procedurally corrected,and due process and administrative notices were deposited with the USPS to the relevant U.S.state regional offices.My/our tax-exempt status and travel document(s)can and will be presented before a Court of lawful jurisdiction. This interstate / international commercial legal matter DOES NOT CONCERN US and WE DO NOT CONSENT TO BE A PARTY TO IT,except to the degree it is threatening our safety,our life,and our family. It appears to be private commercial undertakings that involves pseudo-diplomatic foreign agents,private non-state actors,NGO officers and/or officials,who are aided and abetted by private Americans residing / squatting on private land,that may or may not be Federally and/or State recognized Native American Reservations. We are simply DEMANDING full restoration, restitution and remedy from ALL involved parties to the fullest extent of the law, both civil and criminal. AND FOR REDRESS OF GRIEVANCE is being submitted to the appropriate authorities for an expeditious resolution.See enclosures. Into the light of revelation,we command ALL involved parties,and Lex Justice is herein being INVOKED with a demand for full restitution pursuant to divine law., _ r By ©;sui juris By: sui juris AM: Randy-Dean. . _ n®;sui juris and: Leisa-Mari 1sen©of North America formerly Turtle Island without any Legislative or Civil Disability in our capacity as Advocates with firsthand knowledge for RANDY DEAN PETERSEN, ETALIA; RANDY PETERSEN, Randy Petersen et.ali;.LEISA MARIE PETERSEN; ETALIA. In my divine capacity as ADVOCATE and My Brother's Keeper.I A y ©;sui juris-Initials:131)P In my divine capacity as ADVOCATE and My Brother's Keeper.I AM: s sui juris-Initials: LMP NYC=New York City I New York Convention=NYC Page 7 of 7 R MOUNTAIN 1407 West Northe PCANTR Salt Lake City,Utah 84116 A edam(WOZIWO M Randy Peterson August 6,2025 336N100W Downey ID 83234 RE:FINAL NOTICE:Required Access for Meter Upgrade at 336 North 100 West,Downey,Idaho Hear Randy Peterson: Thank you for your immediate attention to this matter.If you are not responsible for the electric service at the site, please pass this request to the property manager or owner as soon as possible. As required by 31.21.01—Customer Relations Rules for Gas,Electric,and Water Public Utilities("Utility Customer Relations Rules")—Rule 304(Requirements for Notice to Customers Before Termination of Service). This letter will serve as final notice of termination of electric service, which will occur which will occur August 18-2-2,2025,for failure to provide access as required under Utility Customer Relations Rules-Rule 302(e).if access to property is acquired prior to this date to enable Rocky Mountain Power to install an upgraded meter at the site,termination will be canceled. Please contact us at 1-800-895-06311f you wish to resolve this issue. Kind Regards, Rocky Mountain Power REQUIRED DISCLOSURES: IDAHO ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IDAPA 31.21.01 Public Utilities Commission Utility Customer Relations Rules 305. CONTENTS OF NOTICE OF INTENT TO TERMINATE SERVICE(RULE 305). 01.Contents of Notice.The written or oral notice of intent to terminate service required by Rule 304 will state: a_The reasons),citing these rules,why service will be terminated and the proposed date of termination. b.Actions the customer may take to avoid termination of service. e.That a certificate notifying the utility of a serious illness or medical emergency in the household may delay termination as prescribed by Rule 308. d.That an informal or formal complaint concerning termination may be filed with the utility or the Commission,and that service will not be terminated on the ground relating to the dispute between the customer and the utility before resolution of the complaint. The Idaho Public Utility Commission can be reached at 208-334-0369, or 1-800-432-0369,or online at Duc Idaho-Qov/form/consuttlajWs�tance.or by mail at Idaho Public Utilities Commission,P.O.Box 83720,Boise,ID 83720-0074.A copy of the Utility Customer Relation Rules can be found at bttps://adminrules.idaho.p-ov/ru.les/purrent/31/312tD!.pdf Para m6s informacidn, !lame al 1-888-225-2611 pans hablar con un especiallsta en espahol. Y° o LAT RATE ENVELOPE Retail PRIORIT RATE ■ANY WEIGHT U.S. POSTAGE PAID �} PM MAIL APPLY PRIORITY MAIL POSTAGE HERE � _ WEST VALLEY CITY /// ROCKY MOUNTAIN UT 06, n "�ncrrs z"`"""`�° AUG 08, 2025 POWER I A o,P.C,.,CORP 83234 $1 00 I PO,Box 25308 RDC 03 0 Lb 0.60 0z • Salt Lake City.Utah 84125-0308 S2324M502267.74 J1 Randy Peterson EXPECTED DELIVERY DAY: 08/09/25 336 N 100 W USPS TRACKING # Downey ID 83234 9505 5156 3265 5218 7455 23 EP14H February 2023 Outer Dimension:10 x 5 Tracking Number: 9505515632655218745523 Copy,':,�,I to Iniorri c , Delivery, Latest Update Your item has been delivered and is available at a PO Box at 8.56 am on August 8,2025 in DOWNEY, ID 83234. Get More Out of USPS Tracking: USPS Tracking Plus- Delivered Delivered, PO Box DOWNEY, ID 83234 August 8.2025,8:56 am ........................................,...- PERFECT TITLE- Notice of cancellation of option contract Presentment of Wild Deed I/We, : Randy-Dean: PetersenC and : Leisa-Marie: Petersen(0, each, respectively, am the lawful owner(s) of the landed estate known as RANDY DEAN PETERSEN and or LEISA MARIE PETERSEN and its real property and interest,under the seal Randy Petersen and Leisa Petersen and is recorded as the"Grantee"on the deed or receipt for the real property described on the attached deed or receipt. The option that was exercised by the Bannock County Cleric to the local Registrar in Bankruptcy, is herein being revoked in its entirety.Copy of recorded Wild Deed attached. Option contrnet In the United Staten an option is the right to convey a piece of property.The person granting the option is called the optionor or more usually, the grantor and the person who has the benefit of the option is called the optionee or more usually, the beneficiary, and because options amount to dispositions of future property, in common-law, countries, or common-law jurisdictions, they are normally subject to the rule against perpetuities and must be exercised within the time limits prescribed by law or before the expiration of statues of limitations. In relation to certain types of assets, primarily land in many countries or common-law.jurisdictions,an option must be registered in order to be binding on a third party.An option contract,or simply option, is defined as"a promise which meets the requirements for the formation of a contract and limits the promisor's power to revoke an offer". It is a type of contract that protects an offeree from an offeroes ability to revoke their offer to engage in a contract. Under the common law,consideration for the option contract is required as it is still a form of contract,per Restatement Second of Contracts § 87(1). Typically, an offeree can provide consideration for the option contract by paying money for the contract or by providing value in some other form such as by rendering other performance or forbearance. Courts will generally try to find consideration if there are any grounds for doing so. A unilateral contract 4e An option contract is a unilateral contract. in unilateral contracts. the promisor seeks acceptance by performance from the promisee. in this scenario,the classical contract view was that a contract was not formed until the performance that the promisor seeks was completely performed.This was because the consideration for the contract was the performance of the promisee. Once the promisee performed completely,consideration was satisfied,and a contract was formed and only the promisor was bound to his promise. However, a problem arose with unilateral contracts because of the inherent late formation of the contract, as is evidenced by the fact that my signature is the ONLY signature on the Promissory Note and Mortgage or Deed of Trust Agreement. With classical unilateral contracts,a promisor can revoke his offer for the contract at any point prior to the promisee's complete performance. So,if a promisee provides 991)/o of the performance sought, the promisor could then revoke without any remedy for the promisee. The promisor had maximum protection and the promisee or beneficiary had maximum risk in this offer. 0 The modern view of how option contracts apply now provides some security to the promisee in the above scenario. Essentially,once a promisee begins performance,an option contract is implicitly created between the promisor and the promisee. The promisor impliedly promises not to revoke the offer and the promisee impliedly promises to furnish complete performance,but as the name suggests,the promisee still retains the"option"of not completing performance. Basically, the consideration is provided by the promisec's beginning of performance. In common-law countries, case law differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction,but an option contract can either be implicitly created instantaneously at the beginning of performance, pursuant to the Restatement view, or after some "substantial performance". See Cook v. Coldwell Banker/Frank Laiben Realty Co.,967 S.W.2d 654(Mo.App. 1998). ti• It has been hypothesized that option contracts could help encourage better infrastructure management by allowing for example free market roads, i.e.,the idea that it is possible and desirable for a society to have entirely private roads,that have no free riders,to be constructed without resorting to eminent domain or government seizures,as the road company could make option contracts with many landowners,and eventually consummate the purchase of parcels comprising the contiguous route needed in build tt,a road. Assignability of Option Contracts - It is a general principle of contract law that an offer cannot be assigned by the recipient of the offer to another party. It falls under the doctrine of privity ol'contract. However,an option contra"can be sold unless it provides otherwise, allowing the buyer of the option to step Into the shoes of the original offeree and accept the offer to which the option pertains. o Offer and acceptance are generally recognized as essential requirements for the formation of a contract, and analysis of their operation is a traditional or classical approach in contract law. This classical approach to contract formation has been modified by developments in the law of estoppel, misleading conduct, misrepresentation, unjust enrichment,and power of acceptance. In short,an offer is a statement of the terms on which the offeror is willing to be bound. Rule Against Perpetuities Page l ol'2 The rule against perpetuities,henceforth,the rule,is a legal rule in common law legal_jurisdictions that prevents people from using legal instruments, usually in the form of a deed or a will, to exert control over the ownership of private property for a time long beyond the lives of people living at the time the instrument was written. Specificully, the rule forbids a person from creating future interests, customarily in the form of contingent remainders and or executory interests, in property that would vest beyond 21 years after the lifetimes of those living at the time of creation of the interest,often expressed as a"1 je in being phis twenty-one years". •A In short. the rule prevents a person from putting qualifications and criteria in a deed or a will that would continue to affect the ownership of property,long after he or she has died,a concept often referred to as control by the"dead hand" or"morimain". The basic elements of the rule against perpetuities originated in England in the 17th century and were "crystallized" into a single rule in the I ft century.The rule's classic formulation was given in 1886 by the American legal scholar John Chipman Gray: o "No interest is good unless it must vest,if at all,not later than twenty-one years after some life in being at the creation of the interest"-John Chipman Crary, Rule Against Perpetuities§201. 4- The rule serves a number of purposes: (1) English courts have long recognized that allowing owners to attach long- Waing contingencies to their property harms the ability of future generations to freely buy and sell the property,since few people would be willing to buy property that had unresolved issues regarding its ownership hanging over it; (2) judges often had concerns about the dead being able to impose excessive limitations on the ownership and use of property by those still living.For this reason,the rule allows testators to put contingencies on ownership only provided that no interest created vest later than 21 years alter the death of some specified person alive at the creation of the interest; (3)the ntle against perpetuities was sometimes used to prevent very large, possibly aristocratic, estates from being kept in one family for more than one or two generations at a time. The rule also applies to options to acquire ro er . Often, one of the objectives of delaying the time of vesting is to avoid or reduce taxation of some sort. For example,a bequest in a will may be to one's grandchildren, often with a life interest to one's surviving spouse and then to the children, to avoid the payment of multiple death duties or inheritance taxes on the testator's estate. The rule against perpetuities was one of the devices developed to allegedly limit this tax avoidance strategy. s In law,vesting is the point in time when the rights and interests arising from legal ownership of a property are acquired by some legal person. Vesting emales an immediate secured right of present or future deployment- One has a vested right to an asset that cannot be taken away by any third party,even though one may not yet possess the asset. When the right, interest, or title to the present or future possession of a legal estate can be transferred to any other party, it is termed a vested interest. It is my free will act and deed, to execute this acknowledgment of my acceptance of the deed and lawful ownership of the property. I ask that the record on file in the office of the "Register of Deeds" be updated to show my acceptance of said deed, as the lawful owner of the real estate. All of my other real property and interest attached to this"real estate" is to be immediately returned to me. Done under my hand and seal of my free will act and deed. Explicitly reserving all rights. Without Prejudice. Date:_ / /2024 Randy-Dean: Petersen®;su1 jurls By: P , Leisa-Marie:Petersen®;sui juris Notary Witness Idaho State For Verification Purposes Only Bannock County On this ,;,,.1�l day of April 2024, before me permanently appeared. : Randy-Dean: Petersen® and : Leisa-Marie: Petersen© who presented documentation and who executed the foregoing instrument and acknowledged before me that he/she/they executed the same as hWher/their free will act and deed. 1 .expiration Date: r, of• ••••"•C0 _kOTAigI. �? • • a � y i��ri}fE�O F Lei semper dabit remedium."The law always gives a remedy." NOTE:Americans are guaranteed a Mutual Offset Crcdit Exchange Exemptions via Federal Law,PL 73-10 and 12 USC 411 for any debts incurred and non-resident alien beneficiaries of self-settled trusts are not required to pay any income tax to or file any tax returns with the United States.Sex 26 C.P.R.Section 1.6012-1(b)(2). Page 2 of 2 t]ff�lAE. �I>� F�1i.Ai DUTY.MA BANN=Ix11rrY 04"D RE00F0M AT RECMT CF MN AMV-Pa UbW Ma Amerilt a 21218414 z�2 GCt 25 PM 03:21:98 {s(edroclnlp RKmrded by Skhpl% p aolrrrl>:r.D4sdp#M* IOWD Ordcr No.00 163 57 WARNNTYDEED F"Value Fice lC, Cherri Macfarlsne and Kirk Macfarlaw,wife and hasband GRANTORM du(cs)hereby GRANT,BARGAIN.SELL sasdCONVEY um Randy Peterm and Wan Petersen,busband sad wife CRANTEE(s),whose address is 3M North hat Want,Downey.ID 93234 die Wowing described teat property,to-wit: CAT 11 AND THE NORTH 23 FEET OF LOT I1,BLOCK 14,DOWNEY TOWNSM,BANNOCK COUNTY,IDAHO.AS THE SAME APPEARS ON THZ OFFICIAL PLAT TIiMMF. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the promises with ihs apP-WaRncas unto the said Grwftcs, their heirs and assips fmw. And the said Grantors do hereby covenant to end with the said Grantees,the they an the owners in fee 3E 11* of said premisos that said promises are the ff0m n11 eacatn 1111 et except the zurreM year's tares sad assessments,cmWitions,covenants,restrictions,reawvatimn, easernewta,rWft and tigitts of way,apparent or of rmord sod that they will warrant end defend She satne fkm all lawfbl claims whatsoever. AAf1ED it1iS day of 2012, Mact�kino Macfarlane StRe Of'Idsho ss County of Bannock } On this tkday of Or 2012 befhre me��p�pblic In �said state, persoUally appeared Crews Macfarlane aad Kirk Mactiniftk known ti8cd to me to be the petmons whose names an subscribed to the within inset yners,and sckaowledW to me that they executed the aatne. YR'�CC.kk..ccrr y � �`t�b1k 1 Resldiag ai: L�uf,�� �2 � ti y s Commission Expires: `_ y t o r • " O y STATE OF IDAHO 1 County of Bannock j 1 Retetry certify that the fwagoing is a U.true an correct copy of an Movunwnt as ins ame.now remalnq an Isle and of record In my oflloe, WITNESS my hand and official*&A hereto aft9d tha 23M*of November,2M CLERK OF THE DISTRICT COURT, EX OFFICIG AUDITOR AND RECORDER. E41 NOTICE OF MAIL FRAUD VIA USE OF LISPS'CENSUS-DESIGNATED PLACE PAPER ADDRESSES Maxim of Law:A contract exists not where it is made,but where it is paid. Attention: U.S.state governor(s); United States Postmaster General& Provost Marshal General and Cotnmanding General, U.S.Army Corrections Command: TAKE LEGAL AND LAWFUL, NOTICE: The enclosed census-designated place (CDP) document is being forwarded to the alcove annotated officers and or officials because the U.S. Citizen(s)and or U.S.Servicemember(s)was(were)repatriated,and the HUD Section IRA franchise lease agreement urgs terminated. The cancus_designated place addreg� 1fl2t is clearly intended to 1e. delivered to 11 United States Congressional District, for tax farming purposes, presents prima facie evidence of mail fraud and tax fraud against the federal government via its 14th Amendment franchise citizen. The bottom line being that instrumentalities of the Federal govemment are exempt from taxation by a U.S.state.See enclosed United States Department of State Notice, I AM NOT AUTHORIZED TO ADDRESS ANY DIPLOMATIC OR TAX MATTERS ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THE REFERENCED "PERSON(S)"OR"INDiVIDUAL(S)". FYI: Queens is the largest by area of the five administrative unites, i.e., boroughs of New York City and is coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York near the western end of Long Island. It is bordered by the borough of Brooklyn and by Nassau County to its east. Queens shares maritime borders with the boroughs of Manhatu tn,the Bron.t, and Staten Island,as well as with New Jersey.Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of the Province of New York. Queens became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898, by combining the towns of long Island City,Newtown,Flushing,Jamaica,and western Hempstead.Except Hempstead,all are still considered neighborhoods of Queens. Coterminous or conterminous means sharing a common boundary.bordering or contiguous_For example,the northern border of the United States is conterminous with the southern border of Canada.It also means enclosed within a common boundary,e.g._the coterminous ITS. states is coterminous with the union of States. When the boundaries of a township are coterminous with the boundaries of a city or village, the township ceases to exist as a separate government In United States agricultural law, agricultural district is a planning term which defines an area within a local territory where tax farming is the preferred economic activity.Districts may be voluntarily created by Iandowners who receive benefits,usually in rearm for not developing the land for a certain number of years,or they may he designated in a local land use plan.Further,pursuant to the United States Postal Service or USPS website,a Zip Code is a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service or LISPS. Introduced on July 1, 1963, the basic format consisted of rive digits. In 1983, an extended 7.IP+4 code was introduced; it included the five digits of the ZIP Code,followed by a hyphen and four digits that designated a more specific location.The terns ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan.However,a ZIP code is not a physical boundary,but a postal route designed with convenience and efficiency in mind. It was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly when senders use the code in the postal address. ZIP Codes can span multiple cities, counties, and even multiple states. Further, ZIP codes are LISPS delivery areas, not necessarily matching any political borders. Furthermorc, use of the ZIP Code is optional pursuant to Domestic Mail Services Regulations, Section 122.32.The Postal service cannot discriminate against the non-use of the'ZIP Code pursuant to"Postal Reorganization Act", Section 403, or Public Law 91-375. Additionally, the term ZIP Care was originally registered as a service mark by the LISPS; its registration expired In 1997, The New York City/NYC jurisdiction of KINGS COUNTY I Kings County is a county corporate.A county corporate or corporate county was a type of suhnational division used for the administration of justice in certain towns and cities in England,Wales,and Ireland.They arose when the monarch gave a borough corporation the right to appoint its own sherffs, separating that borough from the jurisdiction of the sheriff of the county in which it Iay,In the United States it is known as a municipal corporation or local self-government. 1. Municipal corporation is the legal tents for a local governing body,including but not necessarily limited to cities,counties,towns_ townships,charter townships,villages,and boroughs.The term can also be used to describe municipally owned corporations. 2. Municipal corporation as local self-government: FYI:Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entitles under the laws of the state or province in which they arc located.Often,this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter.A city charter: town charter or municipal charter is a legal document establishing a municipality,such as a city or town. Both forms were legally described as forming separate counties, however, in contemporary usage whilst they both exist the counties corporate are generally distinguished from the landed counties.In the United States,lieutenant governors are appointed to oversee the law enforcement for each county, simultaneously,with an adjoining county. Additionally, accommodations are also made which allows court cases arising from counties corporate to be heard at the assizes, i.e.,the superior or supreme courts(as the case may be) for the adjoining county. 'Hie assizes,or courts of assize,were periodic courts held around England and Wales until 1972,when together with the quartci sessions they were abolished by the(hurts Act 1971 (in the United States it was aWished by circn 1962) and mplaced by u single permanent Crown Court(Supreme Court in the United States, The assizes exercised both civil and criminal jurisdiction, though most of their work was on the criminal side. The assizes heard the most serious east's, most notably those subject to capital punishment or:later, life imprisonment. Other serious uses were dealt with by the quarter sessions.i.e.,the local county courts that were held four times per year,while the more minor offences were dealt with sionmarily by justices of the peace in petty sessions,also known as magistrates'courts, In short,the won] assize refers to the sittings or sessions of the judges,known as "justices of assize",who were judges who travelled across the seven circuits of England and Wales an commissions of"oyer and tertnince(literally'to hear and to determine'),setting,up court and summoning juries at the various assize towns. (h-er and Terminer In the United States "Oyer and Terminer" was the name once given to courts of criminal jurisdiction in some U.S. states, including Delaware. Georgia,New Jersey and Pennsylvania.New York had courts of Oyer and Terminer for much of the 19th century;but these courts were abolished 1r), a change in the U.S.state constitution,effective in 1896_The New York courts jurisdiction was the same as that Page 1 ofs NOTICE OF MAIL FRAUD VIA USE OF U5P5"(;F_N3 3S-M5IGWATED FLAQVz PAPER AUUKF_55E5 Maxim of Law: A contract exists not where it is made,but where it is paid. of the Court of General Sessions or County Court, cxccpt that Oyer and TIierminer had jurisdiction over crimes punishable by life imprisonment or death. Massachusetts Governor William Pbips treated a court of Oyer and T'erminer for the Salem witch trials on May 27, 1692,consisting of Mr. Stoughton,Maj. Richards,Maj. Gidny, Mr.Wait Winthrop, Samuel Sewall,Mr. Sargeant,as well as Maj.Nathaniel Saltonstall,who soon withdrew in dissatisfaction and was replaced by 3onathan Corwin,who was one of the two main judges of the early proceedings in Salem, often sipline his name under John Hathorne. The quoram was established as five of these sevm it was dissolved by Governor Phips on October 29, 1692.when the trials were reflected upon and disapproved of. Agricultural Districts In United States agricultural law,agricultural district is a planning term which def=an area within a local territory where farming,i.e., revenue leasing, is the preferred mearts for financial planning. Districts may be voluntarily created by landowners who receive bcneftts, usually in return for not developing the land for a certain number of years. or they may be designated in a local land use plan. United States Tax Farming has nothing to do with agriculture. The Use of Zip Codes in United States"CCP"Land Banking Land banks can be empowered to eliminate outstanding taxes and other public liens,While not all land banks have the authority to clear liens and taxes owed,the ability to do so helps to facilitate transfer to new ownership.For example,the taxes owed on properties that have been in delinquency for a long period of time,including interest and penalty fees,may exceed the market value of the properties,making their sales to new owners very difficult.And,as some foreclosed properties will likely need to be held for several years until the market recovers,the ability to prevent new taxes from accruing helps to keep down carrying costs.Advantages of land banks include: (1) Land banks can hold properties until such time as they can be reused strategically.(2) Land hanks can also operate across traditional jurisdictional boundaries.(3)Land banks can simplify and expedite the disposition of foreclosed properties to new ownership. In 2015,the Center for Community Progress or"CCP",published the second edition of Land Banks and Land Banking. a comprehensive glade to the model and the practice. It also includes case studies of notable land banks,a detailed guide on how to create a land bank,and other resources for jurisdictions interested in the strategy. The Center for Community Progress, focuses on the remediation of vacant property,has made land banks a central part of its advocacy efforts.According to CCI'there are around 120 land banks in operation in the United States, Most of these are found in the states of Michigan,Ohio, and Georgia,though eight other states have passed state-enabling land bank legislation. Da Farming 1 Revenue Leasing In the United States, farming or tax-farming is a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third patty and the holder of the revenue stream receives frxed periodic rents from the contractor.It is most commonly used in public finance, where governments (the lessors) lease or assign the right to collect and retain the whole of the tax revenue to a private financier(the fanner),who is charged with paying fixed sums,sometimes called"rents",but with a different meaning from the common modern term,into the treasury.Most States have adopted the Uniform Commercial Code,which governs transactions in goods. However,contracts for services or land, for example, would not be governed by the UCC.This Is not to be confused with the Universal Copyright Convention,colloquially alto knower as"UCC". Pursuant to UCC§9-102—(CX5),"Agricultural lien"means an interest in farm products.Tax Farming/Revenue Leasing was originally a Ronan practice whereby the burden of tax collection was reassigned tt} the Roman State to private individuals or groups. In essence, these individuals or groups paid the taxes for a certain area and for a certain period of time and then attempted to cover their outlay by collecting money or_saleable goods from the people within that area. The Role of Registrars in law The registrar is a Chief Executive officer of a judicial forum.They are in charge of the entire registry of the department.They administer special civil judicial proceedings. In common law, i.e.,judge made laws jurisdictions, registrars arc usually judicial officers with the power to hear certain civil matters such as interlocutory applications and assessment of damages. In some jurisdictions they may also hear trials of cases if both parties consent.Registrars are assisted by Deputy-Registrars, who in common law jurisdictions are sometimes called masters.MasterLcommoi tiv_41so sit as& tran in Bankruptcy. A master is a judge of limited jurisdiction in superior courts and in numerous other jurisdictions based on the British common law tradition.A master's jurisdiction is generally confined to civil proceedings and is a subset of that of a superior court judge or justice_Masters are typically involved in herring specialized types of trials,case management, and in some jurisdictions dispute resolution or adjutd'"Gon of specific issues referred by judges_ In Some jurisdictions, Masters or associate judges are now referred to as"your honor' Masters are not judges but arc rather"quasi-judicial office holders".Several U.S.state courts utilize masters or similar officers and also make extensive use of special masters.In some jurisdictions a Prothonotary is similar to that of the master. For example,in September?021,the Ontario Superior Court of Justice changed the title of"case management master" to "associate judge". Masters and Prothesotar*3 are httfepeadent judicial oMcers all ough lh-ey do not have the full_1-mI fhy of tenure aKorNoW Ueraft appointed jldgc,% In Canada for example, the distinction bet uzxn "chambers" and "court" has been abolished. When associate judges ptcside they sit as the court and their function is to perform tasks that would otherwise fall to superior court judges. Besides the jurisdiction to hear most interlocutory motions in civil natters, associate judges in Ontario and other common law jurisdictions also preside at stank+ hearings_ case conferent-es and pre-trials. They frequently act as referees to hear trials in construction lien natters, mortgage references or issues referred by judges.Associate judges also provide dispute resolution services,i.e.,mediation,and sit as Registrars in Bankruptcy. Page 2 of 5 NOTICE OF MAIL FRAUD VIA USE OF USPS'CENSUS-DESIGNATED PLACE PAPER ADDRESSES Maxim of Law:A contract exists not where it is made,but where it is paid. "The jurisdiction of a Master is fixed by local statute and the rules of Unified Court system.They are appointed by the local government, and their jurisdiction is customarily limited to procedural and Interlocutory matters heard in chambers of commerce. As a result,while Masters sit in a superior court,in New York City they sit in the Supreme Court,they do not have the "inherent jurisdiction" of the judges of those courts,who are appointed by the federal or U.S. state or congressional irovemment and whose authol7tsr is deritrcd from the Ciall_stitlltion of the United State. The iReglsirar is the chief administrator of the department,normally they happen to be the Head of the Department.The pasts of the Registrar are generally created in judicial forum like tribmuils, High Courts and Supreme Court and in educational universities in judicial forum they manage both administrative and,Judicial sides in departments under the authority of the president/Chairman of the tribunals and Chief justices of the High Courts and Supreme Court.The Government may also appoint one or more Assistant/Deputy Registrem They help the Courts,the Registrar; the President/Chairperson,and the Judges in all their olYicialhJudicial functions. They are exercising delegated powers of the Registrar. They are Guardian of the Seals and responsible for the Court's archives and publications. The Registrar is responsible for the administrative and few judicial work as are assigned by the President/Chairman/Judges of the tribunal/Court.In the event of necessities the Registrar may pass interlocutory orders for staying the proceedings as he deems tit until the appeal is beard by the other courts. In other jurisdictions, the Registrar exercises his powers with the change of nomenclature.Normally,the status of the Registrar is equal to that of the District Judge of Higher Judicial Service. A Special Master In the law of the United States,a special master is an official appointed by a judge to ensure judicial orders are followed,or in the alternative,to hear evidence on behalf of the judge and snake recommendations to the judge as to the disposition of a matter.The special master should not be confused with the traditional common law concept of a master,a judge of the High Court entrusted to deal with summary and administrative matters falling short of a full trial.in the federal judiciary of the United States,a special toaster is an adjunct to a federal court.Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows a federal court to appoint a special roaster,with the consent of the parties,to conduct proLxsecl'ulgs and report to the Court.To be noted is the fact that Ngw Vork Qy toil Callf'ornia Republic do not follow the Federal Ruhs of Civil Procedure, Both iurisdictions follow UNCTrIt�t is Model Tare on CM8A!QBl;r Imovc0c The role of the special master,who is frequently but not necessarily an attorney, is to supervise those falling under the order of the court to ensure that the court order is being followed and to report on the activities of the entity being supervised in a timely matter to the judge or the judge's designated represcntatives. Special masters have been controversial in some cases and are cited by critics as an example of judicial overreach. For example, special masters have at times ordered the expenditure of finds over and above the amount appropriated by a legislative,i.e.,congressional body for the remediation of the situation being examined.Their powers have generally been found to be valid and their remedies upheld by local US courts_ Supreme Courts of the United States will normally assign original jurisdiction disputes for cases such as disputes between T -S. states that are first heard at the Supreme Court level to a special master to conduct what amounts to a trial via a summary process that involves the taking of evidence and issuing a ruling. The Supreme Court can then assess the master's ruling much as a normal appeals court would,rather than conduct the trial itself.This summary process is alleged to be necessary w trials in the US almost always involve live testimony, and it would be too unwieldy for nine justices to rule on evidentiary objections in real time. In United States federal or l J.S. state courts.special masters are appointed under Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 53 allows for a special master to be appointed only if one:of the following exists:(1)the parties consent to the appointment, (2)to hold a trial without a jury or make recommended findings of fact where there is some exceptional condition or accounting or difficult computation of damages, or(3)address pre-trial or post-trial matters that cannot be effectively slid timely addressed by a judge or magistrate judge. For example, special masters were appointed by United States District Court Judge Thomas Whitfield Davidson to investigate allegations of voter fraud on behalf of the 1948 Democratic Party primary campaign for Lyndon R.Johnson to the U.S.Senate.According to Robert A.Caro,the masters would have found that Johnson's X6-vote victory was delivered by hundreds of fraudulent ballots, but the investigation was halted by the United States Supreme Court on the gmunds that the Democratic Party, not the Federal government,was responsible for its primary elections.Also,the United States Court of Federal Claims operates an Office of Special Masters. informally known as the vaccine court,to resolve claims under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury AcL CaW_involving special masters often involve situations in which it has been shown that zovernmentRI en fil es are violating the civil dots of 14"Amendment citixens,_It doga not and cannot inyo Y101409114 Of living a 's ciXiI libertan whichare protected by the U.S.Constitution Higb-profile cases in recent years in which special masters have been used include some in which U.S.states have been ordered to upgrade their private prison facilities, which were held to violate the U.S. Constitution, which bars cruel and unusual punishment and certain U.S. state administered mental hospitals, which have been found so substandard as to violate the civil liberties of their inmates.Summaries of cases involving special masters are published at Cohen s Special Master Case Reporter. FYI:In the aftermath of the September It.. 2001, bombings in the United States,then-United States Attorney General John Ashcroft appointed Kenneth Feinberg, an American attorney specialising in mediation and alternative dispute resolution, as special master to oversee the dispensation of an $11 billion victims' compensation fund were he purportedly worked for 33 months entirely pro Bono.Iie developed the regulations governing the administration of the fund and administered all aspects of the program, including evaluating applications, determining appropriate compensation and disseminating awards. Feinberg worked as a prosecutor for the U.S.Attorney General. Before founding his own fern The Feinberg Group now known as,the Law Offices of Kenneth Feinberg in 1993,he was a founding partner at The Washington ogicc of Kaye Scholer LLP. Kenneth Feinberg was also appointed the Special Master for. 1)Troubled Asset Relief Program or TARP Executive Compensation. Page 3 of5 NOTICE OF MAIL FRAUD VIA USE OF LISPS'CENSUS-DESIGNATED PLACE PAPER ADDRESSES Maxim of Law: A contract exists not where it is made,but where it is paid. 2)The government-appointed administrator of the BP Deepwater Horizon Disaster Victim Compensation Fund. 3)The Com ionwcal(li of Massachuseps to administer the One Fund--ilie victim assistance fund established in the wake of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings. 4) He was retained by General Motors to assist in their recall response and by Volkswagen to oversee their U.S. compensation of VW diesel owners affected by the Volkswagen emissions scandal. 5)He was hired by The Boeing Company in July 2019, to oversee distribution of$50 million to support 737 MAX crash victim Families. 6) He served as Court-Appointed Special Settlement Master in cases including Agent Orange product liability litigation.Asbestos Personal Injury Litigation and DES Cases. 7) He was also one of three arbitrators who determined the hair market value of the Zapruder film of the Kennedy assassination. 8)He was one of two arbitrators who determined the allocation of legal fees in the litigation. Kenneth Feinberg is a former Lecturer-in-Law at a number of United States law schools. Currently, he is an adjunct professor at: 1)The Columbia University School of Law. 2)University of Pennsylvania Law School. 3)Georgetown University Law Center. 4)New York University School of Law. 5)The University of Virginia School of Law. 6)The Benjamin N.Cardozo School of Law. An Assessor The historical meaning of the term"assessor"is a judge's or magistrate's assistant and in common law jurisdictions,assessors are usually non-lawyers who sit together with n judge to provide either expert advice. for example on maritime matters or guidance on local practices. In some jurisdictions. assessors are used in place of juries,however,an assessor's opinion or view of a ease is not binding on a judge.In short.it is appealable. In the United States the term "assessor" is customarily applied to persons appointed to ascertain and fix die value of rates and taxes. In civil iuid common law judicial systems, the French term uscesserrr is applied to assistant judges who,with a president, eompt,xw a judicial court. For example, ui Peoples Republic of China, and the United States, "people's assessors" can form a judicial panel together with professional judges to try awes. Peoples assessurs arc selected from the residents(squatters) within the court's jurisdiction, Above and beyond a single judge.,judicial panels can consist of one judge and two assessors or three judges and four assessors to in' cases. Habitually,the people's assessors enioy the same rights ys professional judges but they should only vote on the findings of the fact,not on the matter of law. Nautical assessors Nautical assessors are used in the United Kingdom, as well as the United Stales. Nautical assessors are experts in maritime matters who may assist the Loath in cases where their special lowivledge is relevant.They are called to help a judge in a special kind of court case called an admiralty case to provide expert advice to the judge. Sonic courts and tribunals use"legal assessors",when the person leading the cows is not themselves trained in the law. This may happen in cases before panels of the General Medical Council, a Justice of the peace court in Scotland, and other similar bodies. Court of Session in Scotland. nautical assessors are similarly used in cases before the Court of Session. The Court of Session is the highest national court of Scotland in civil cases.The court was established in 1532 to take on the judicial functions of the royal council. Its jurisdiction overlapped with other royal,state and church courts but as those were disbanded,the role of the Court of Session asc:endLd The Acts of tinion establishing the United Kingdom provided that lice court will"remain in all time comine". In principle,other courts may appoint expert.assessors.This happens most commonly for dealing with disputes over costs,when a judge may choose to sit together with a"costs judge"who will hacc special expertise.In cases before die Senior Courts,lbe e is a dedicated office, the Senior Courts Cost (.naive, housing such judges; at the. district level, certain District Judges arc the designated costs judges for their areas. Specific rules flit the appointment of asseccors exist for dicerimination eases under the u 1ty_AeL 2010 for landlord and tenant disnutes before a county court and so on. Some courts and tribunals use "legal assessors" when the person leading the court is not themseives trained in the law.This may happen in cases before panels of the General Medical Council,a Justice of the peace court in Scotland,and other similar bodies. • The 2005 Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act(UFCM RA) - Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107 In 1962, the Uniform Law Commissioners promulgated the Uniform Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act.The Foreign Money-Judgments Recognition Act provided for enforcement of foreign country judgments in a U.S. state court in the United States.This was maintained to be due to the increase in international trade in the United States and resultant litigation in the interstate (international) context. In short, there was an increase in judgments to be enforced from country (nation-state) to country(nation-state), These United States Law Commissioners held that there was a strong need for uniformity between(among)states with respect to the law governing how foreign country money judgments was administered. Thcy argued that if foreign country judgments were Page 4 of 5 NOTICE OF MAIL FRAUD VIA USE OF LISPS'CENSUS-DESIGNATED PLACE PAPER ADDRESSES Maxim of Law:A contract exists not where it is made,but where it is paid. not enforced appropriately and uniformly, it may make enforcement of the judgments of United States courts more difficult in foreign country courts,i.e.,American state courts.This argument was and is patently asinine,since the U.S.Constitution and Bill of Rights already provided the rule of law that governed how American courts should operate.Domestic relations judgments are enforced under other statutes,already existing in every state and can only he granted and enforced if the following holds true. A foreign-country Judgment must not he recognind If it comes from a court system that is not impartial or that dishonors due pro es&Or there i no 0611011111 iurisdietion aver the defendant or over the subject matter of the litigation. There are a number of grounds that may make a U.S. court deny recognition, e.g., the defendant did not receive notice of the proceeding, a Sibialion which arises when the official notice is sent to a USPS fictitious paper address or the claim is repugnant to American public taw. i.e., violates the U.S. Constitution. The 1962 Act and the 2005 Act generally operate the same. A primary difference between the 1962 and the 2005 Uniform Acts is as follows: The 2005 Act makes it clear that a judgment entitled to full faith and credit under the U.S.Constitution is not enforceable under this Act. 'this clarifies the relationship between the Foreign-Country Money Judgments Act and the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act. Recognition by a court is a different procedure than enforcement of a sister state judgment from within the United States. 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