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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20041201Peseau Direct.pdfDean J. Miller McDEVITT & MILLER LLP 420 West Bannock Street O. Box 2564-83701 Boise, ID 83702 Tel: 208.343.7500 Fax: 208.336.6912 oe(~n1cdevitt - miller. COlD Idaho Pu Jtilities Commission Offic.~1 the Secretary RECEIVED NOV 3 0 200~ Boise, Idaho Attorneys for Applicant BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF UNITED WATER IDAHO INC. FOR AUTHORITY TO INCREASE ITS RATES AND CHARGES FOR WATER SERVICE IN THE STATE OF IDAHO Case No. UWI-O4- BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION DIRECT TESTIMONY OF DENNIS E. PESEAU Please state your name and address. My name is Dennis E. Peseau. My address is 1500 Liberty Street, S., Suite 250, Salem , OR 97302. By whom and in what capacity are you employed? I am President of Utility Resources , Inc. Utility Resources, Inc. consults on a number of economic, financial , engineering and regulatory matters for private and public entities. On whose behalf are you testifying in these proceedings? I am testifying on behalf of United Water Idaho Inc. ("United" or the Company Does attachment 1 to your testimony describe your professional career and educational background? Yes. What is the purpose of your direct testimony in these proceedings? I am sponsoring Exhibit 14, a cost of service study ("COSS") of the water system of United , and making rate design recommendations based in part on the casso The reason state that my rate design recommendations are based only " part" on the COSS is an acknowledgement that here in Idaho and usually elsewhere , implementation of efficient, fair and equitable rates to United's customers requires a good deal of Peseau , Oi United Water Idaho Inc. practical judgment in addition to the cost guidelines given us from the COSS. Have you previously testified before the idaho public utilities commission on cost of service and rate design matters? Yes. I have testified before this Commission on such matters on numerous occasions dating back to 1980. I have represented various customer groups previously on COSS and rate design issues involving electricity and natural gas. I believe that this case is the first water system COSS and rate design study that have prepared in the State of Idaho, although I have testified in water cases on several occasions in Oregon , Nevada and California. What conclusions have you reached from your studies and analyses? I conclude that: The customer charges now in place are significantly below customers' cost of service and should be raised. I propose that these charges be raised by approximately 360/0. Customer class distinctions in the present case remain according to meter size. There is substantial difference in seasonal commodity costs of service between the winter and summer and the present 250 commodity rate differential should be maintained. Peseau, OJ 2 United Water Idaho Inc. How is your testimony organized? Prior to my presenting the detailed COSS and rate design proposals I focus initially on a review of some of the water system cost of service and rate design issues that United Commission Staff thereforeandintervenorsand this Commission considered in the prior rate case No. UWI-98- and subsequent Order No. 28043. In that case , a number of different COSS and rate design proposals were presented and evaluated. The issues considered there provide a perspective for the COSS and rate design enhancements I discuss below. SIGNIFICANT COSS AND RATE DESIGN ISSUES What significant COSS and rate design issues arose in the 1998 rate case that remain pertinent in the present proceedings? Leaving aside for the moment the many technical COSS issues pertaining to functionalizing and classifying the numerous cost categories involved in describing the United system , there were threshold issues in the prior rate case. Please briefly explain these threshold issues. The first issue pertained to the consensus conclusion that the revenues collected under United'customer charges fell significantly short of covering the costs of serving customers. Customer costs are defined as the costs associated with customer billing, meters , service and fire protection. Peseau, OJ 3 United Water Idaho Inc. customer costs comprise a significant percentage of customers bills and they cannot be "avoided" by reducing water consumption, customers tend to prefer low customer charges. The issue in the present case is just how much to raise the present level customer charges, given the continuing disparity that I find between these rates and customer cost of service. A second important issue was the means by which customer classes were to be defined. For a number of reasons , United' customer classifications, for purposes of COSS have been based on meter size not classes such as residential commercial, industrial or public authority. In Case No. UWI- 98-3 it was recognized by Commission Staff and United that the sampling, load profile and other usage pattern data necessary to construct meaningful residential, commercial and other rate classes would be very costly and difficult to develop. I consider cost distinctions by meter size to be the reasonable classification of costs and continue this practice in the COSS I develop. A third important rate issue taken up in Case No. UWI-98- 3 was the design of the usage or commodity rate. This usage- sensitive or commodity portion for rate design is especially important in that it is here that customers confront the price signals that form the basis for efficient water usage as well as conservation decisions. Peseau , Di 4 United Water Idaho Inc. In the 1998 rate case , the then-existing seasonal rate structure was re-examined in light of certain customers frustration or confusion over facing different commodity rates during different times of the year. The sense seemed to be Shouldn t it cost me the same to bathe in the summer or the winter if my consumption is somewhat flat year-round"I argue below that the answer to this question is ", but the good news for you is that appropriately seasonalized rates result in your total annual bills for water used to bathe being less for you than in the absence of seasonalized rates." That is, the cost of a bath in the winter is lower by a greater amount than the cost of a bath in the summer is higher, if your annual consumption is relatively flat. As shown more formally below, the reason that annual bills for relatively flat demand water customers are reduced by seasonalizing commodity rates is that, compared to other customers , their consumption occurs relatively more in the winter or "off-season" rate period. With effective communication , these customers ' frustration with differentiated bills could not only be softened but perhaps be offset by the knowledge that their level (i.e., efficient) consumption is rewarded by the seasonal rate structure in the form of less expensive annual bills.The reduction in these annual bills is made up from customers that do not have level consumption , such as irrigation loads. The Peseau, Oi 5 United Water Idaho Inc. higher percentage of revenues paid by higher summer consumption is as it should be , for the summer period is shown below to have the higher costs of service. So long as there is a reasonable cost basis for seasonal rate differentiation, seasonal rates are fair, equitable and "better" than flat annual rates. Previously, the basis for seasonalizing the Company s rates was informed judgment. The COSS undertaken for United in the present case actually distinguishes and differentiates commodity costs by seasons rigorously rather than relying solely on judgment. Did you consider proposing an inclining or inverted block rate structure here similar to proposals in uwid's last rate case? Yes. As part of my preparation for the present case, I read much of the record in Case No. UWI-98-3 where the topic of inverted rates was discussed. I note that after the Commission considered the issues pertaining to commodity rates, Order No. 28043 concluded that seasonal rather than inverted block rates be implemented , although there was a dissenting opinion on the Issue. What is your recommendation with respect to the commodity rate issue? There is no perfect means to estimate commodity costs and transfer these costs to rate design. Ultimately judgment not only Peseau , Oi 6 United Water Idaho Inc. about costs but also rate stability, understandability and other equity issues must be addressed. I do, however, prefer and in this case recommend continued but improved use of seasonal over inverted block rates. While over the years I have estimated and recommended both seasonal and inverted block rates I believe in this case ratemaking goals are better served with a seasonal rate structure , perhaps modified by minimal initial summer consumption block. As Commission Staff and others discussed in Case No. UWI-98-, and in my opinion hold true in this case , seasonal rates: Are able to be estimated formally within the COSS and give more formal foundation and understanding of seasonal cost differences; Although not as simple as annual flat commodity rates are much simpler and more ungerstandable compared with multiple block rates; Assure a better price signal to and promote conservation by customers than do inverted block rates; Allow customers at all times to know the rates they face , while they may never know the rate they face at any particular point in time with an inverted block rate structure. Did commission staff in case no. Uwi-w-98-3 correctly point out that the COSS in that case did not tell us directly how costs vary by season? Peseau, OJ 7 United Water Idaho Inc. Yes. However, in the COSS I offer here , we have seasonalized costs. While this formal seasonal estimation does not eliminate the need for judgment in designing rates, it does nevertheless give a good initial indication of seasonal cost differentiation , and a rate objective to move toward over time. POSSIBLE SUMMER INITIAL LOW-COST RATE BLOCK In your testimony above , you referred to a possible "initial summer consumption block" within a seasonal rate structure. What do you mean by this? My critique of inverted block rates pertains to the difficulty and potential confusion associated with multiple blocks that are designed to cover large consumption increments, for example as in the case of base blocks shoulder blocks and peak usage blocks. In such instances , it is not possible to adequately define these blocks within a cost of service study. However , there are certainly reasons that a noncost-based initial low block rate can be considered for purposes of assisting in keeping the annual costs of small usage customers to a minimum. We have begun attempting to develop the type of bill frequency analysis necessary to estimate a reasonable size for this initial summer block. Due to the need to gather additional data and perform statistical analyses I have not included an exact initial block proposal here. We anticipate being able to Peseau , OJ 8 United Water Idaho Inc. offer a quantification of this proposal for the Commission consideration during the course of these proceedings. UNITED WATER IDAHO'S COST OF SERVICE STUDY Please describe your cost of service study (COSS). United's filing develops a total revenue requirement for metered and fire protection rates of $38.1 million for the twelve months ending May 31 , 2005. This revenue requirement is the sum of the Company s expenses, including taxes , and a fair return on its rate base.My COSS begins with the Company s revenue requirement and follows a number of costing conventions principles and methods generally used in the utility industry and for water companies in particular. This particular study generally corresponds somewhat to the cost study sponsored by United in Case No. UWI-98-with some new enhancements for functionalizing and seasonalizing costs that this Commission has previously recognized for the electric utilities under its jurisdiction.The COSS follows generally accepted cost of service financial and economic principles , including those found in costing manuals published by the American Water Works Association and NARUC. Schedule 1 , consisting of 2 pages summarizes the final results of the casso Provided on this schedule are the final allocations of costs to the general service and fire protection Peseau , OJ 9 United Water Idaho Inc. schedules , as well as the summary cost of service rates for seasonal usage, as well as customer costs. The last 2 lines of each page of the schedule , " Existing Revenue" and "Percent Change from Current", show the full cost of service rates and the change in the present rates necessary to achieve cost of service rates. Again I do not recommend movement to full cost of service. However I use the cost and present rate information shown on Schedule 1 to reach the rate design recommendations that I make in the following section of my testimony. What does schedule 2 show? The 2 page Schedule 2 provides the overall summary results of the casso The column "Total Amount" on pages 1 and 2 show the aggregate amounts of operating expenses and rate base related data necessary to adjust the period ending July 31 , 2004 figures to May 31 , 2005. The remaining columns summarize the steps of the service component analysis by breaking these total rate year balances into volume , base demand, excess maximum day, excess maximum hour, customer related O&M , customer meters and services and fire protection. What is the next step in your CaSS? The next step is shown in Schedule 3. This schedule provides the actual allocation of functionalized costs. A common allocation method , and one recognized by this Commission , is the "Base- Peseau, Oi Unjted Water Idaho Inc. Extra Capacity Method." This method separates total costs into the components of base cost, extra capacity cost, customer cost and fire protection costs. What are "base costs" in the base-extra capacity method? Base costs represent those costs incurred by the Company for average flat or baseload levels of water production and consumption by customers.Base costs represent a form of optimal system" costs as they are the costs of a system utilized at a 1000/0 system load factor that requires no additional peaking facilities or other capacity costs. Base costs are those O&M and capital costs for serving customers at a constant annual rate. What are "extra capacity" costs? As the name implies , extra capacity costs are those O&M and capital costs that are over and above the base costs. They are costs for meeting maximum peak demand in excess of average demand and include supply, treatment, pumping and distribution facilities costs. What are customer costs? As in most utility functions, water system customer costs are those costs incurred by the Company to provide service to customers independent of the actual level and rate of water consumption. In the present study these costs include the three Peseau, Di 11 United Water Idaho Inc. functions: customer commercial, customer meters and customer services. The AWWA Manual M1 defines customer costs as: Costs directly associated with serving customers irrespective of the amount of water use. Such costs generally include meter reading, billing, accounting, and collecting expense, and maintenance and capital costs related to meters and associated services. (page 324) Are you aware that the commission staff has recently proposed that customer costs for electric utilities be defined more narrowly? Yes. However, for United's water system , the above definition should continue to be used for cost of service analysis. All categories of the customer service above are independent of water use. These services are sized initially for customers and do not vary by annual or seasonal demands. Allocating any of these fixed costs to the commodity portion of seasonal rates would distort the usage sensitive water rate. What are fire protection costs? Fire protection costs include the O&M and capital costs of fire hydrants. How did you apply the base-extra capacity method to derive the costs associated with these components? The base-extra capacity method formally estimates the base or average demand system costs, the excess maximum day system demand costs and the maximum hour system demand Peseau , Di Unjted Water Idaho Inc. costs. The method recognizes that extra costs are incurred for meeting maximum day demands over average system demand and that even greater costs are incurred for facilities required to meet maximum peak hour demands. Accordingly, the base- extra capacity method allocates the total costs of supply, pumping, treatment , T&D , customer, fire protection , general plant and intangibles on the basis of average and peak demand. The actual allocations are made from calculated "factors allocators. The results of this step of allocating to the service components for the period ending May 31 , 2005 are shown in Schedule 3. Schedule 4 of my exhibit provides the details of the derivation of these factors.Schedule 4 also provides the derivation of all other component, function and seasonal allocators. What do schedules 5-13 show? Schedules 5-13 provide detailed account information that breaks costs into functions. The functional categories used the cass are: Intangibles Source of supply Pumping plant Water treatment Transmission and distribution Peseau , OJ 13 United Water Idaho Inc. Customer meters and service Fire protection General plant What does schedule 14 show? Schedule 14 provides rate year pro forma customer and billing information by meter size and revenue count at existing rates and equivalent meter counts. This information is used to derive unit customer costs from aggregate customer costs. What does schedule 15 show? Schedule 15 reports private fire service information similar to that presented in Schedule 14. SEASONALIZED COST OF SERVICE What is the issue you address with respect to cost seasonalization? Although United has had seasonal water rates in effect for some time , the degree of the winter/summer rate differentiation has not before been based on the cost of service study. The issue I now address is the formal estimating of the Company s seasonal cost differences in the context of the casso It is not my intent to argue that seasonal rates should be set equal to seasonal cost differences but rather that the actual cost differences be recognized as one important variable in setting final commodity rates in this case. Peseau, Oi United Water Idaho Inc. What does your COSS analysis show with regard to United' seasonal cost differences? As in all cost of service analyses, there is no single "correct method to seasonalize costs. Judgment is required.I develop two alternative methods to seasonalize cost of service to provide the Commission insight into the new analyses and give a reasonable range of discretion in setting seasonal rates if it chooses to order seasonal rates. As developed below the two analyses find that the seasonal rate spread based on cost of service falls in the range of 25- 700/0. Please explain the seasonal cost analysis. The seasonal cost study begins with the identification of the appropriate annual functional and component cost categories that therefore eligible forsensitiveandareusage seasonalization. The COSS identifies volumetric, base demand excess maximum day and excess maximum hour costs as usage sensitive. The annual dollar amounts for these cost categories are summarized in Schedule 1. The total of these usage sensitive costs in rate year May 31 , 2005 is $26 636,100 , a very significant percentage of the total revenue requirement of $38. million. Peseau, Oi United Water Idaho Inc. The various categories identified above each has a unique seasonal characteristic and must be separately estimated. For example, volumetric costs vary directly with seasonal usage. Cost of chemicals is such an example.The more water produced , the more chemical used. Purchased water costs also vary directly with the amount purchased. Base capacity costs which are incurred to meet annual average demand also vary directly by seasonal usage and therefore should be allocated by respective seasonal winter/summer usages. The peak or excess maximum demand costs , however, vary disproportionately higher during summer months.Seasonal allocators for the excess maximum day and excess maximum hour demands therefore require considerably more analysis. How does the COSS develop seasonal cost allocators for the two categories excess maximum day and excess maximum hour? To accomplish this , average monthly usage maximum day usage and maximum hour usage is computed for each month of the test year. From these data twelve monthly day and hour excesses" over the respective average monthly demands are calculated. Peseau, Di United Water Idaho Inc. I computed the two alternative seasonal cost allocators by using two different definitions of summer and winter peak consumption. Please explain. For the first seasonal allocator, I computed the maximum excess maximum day and hour figures for the single highest peak excess for each season. I then compared the summer single month excess demand with the winter single month excess demand and used the relative differences to seasonalize the costs. The resulting seasonal allocations derived are: Seasonal Costs AllocatedSummer Winter Excess Day Excess Hour 77.40/0 70.00/0 22.60/0 30.00/0 Schedule 4 provides the detailed calculations. A second alternative seasonal allocator is developed from the same excess demand data. However, for this second allocator I summed, by season , all months of positive excess demand and used the sum of the total month summer excess demands to the sum of the total monthly winter demands to calculate the allocator. This second allocator results in the following cost allocations: Seasonal Costs AllocatedSummer Winter Excess Day Excess Hour 87.80/0 87.90/0 12.20/0 12. Peseau, OJ United Water Idaho Inc. How are the seasonal excess demand allocators combined with the volumetric and base capacity cost allocators to reach a seasonalization of all these costs? This step is shown for each of the two alternative excess demand allocators in Schedule 1. As shown in the now entitled Total " the total seasonal costs allocated to the winter and summer seasons are $8 172 948 and $18,463 152 respectively for the single excess peak alternative allocator and $6,555 866 and $20 080 233 for the "sum of all months" excess demand allocator. On these same tables , the columns designated as winter and summer show the actual amounts of each category, that is volumetric, base capacity, excess maximum day and excess maximum hour capacity allocations to season. How are the cost of service-based rate differentials determined? The "Unit Cost" row on Schedule reports the winter and summer unit rates required to exactly conform to cost of service. The unit rates under the single peak excess demand allocator are 1.1073 and 1.389 for winter and summer respectively. This is a 250/0 seasonal rate differential. Peseau, Di United Water Idaho Inc. Do you propose that the commission adopt an "either/or" policy on the choice between the 250/0 and 700/0 seasonal cost differences? No. As with all cost of service studies, this COSS serves as a check on the reasonableness of existing rates and provides an indication of the possible direction of movement in the future. This Commission has for decades used cost of service studies as a point of reference and a point of departure. There are , of course, numerous other considerations and factors that weigh on the Commission in setting rates and rate design that are fair reasonable and in the public interest. Do you have recommendations for the commission in regard to the degree of cost-based seasonalization to adopt in these proceedings? Yes.First, as a point of reference , the present 250/0 winter/summer commodity rate differential now in place appears reasonable as it falls in the lower end of the range derived in the casso Second, as an indication of direction, the range of seasonal differentiation in the COSS suggests that the present 250/0 differential perhaps should not be reduced in this case and over time , the Commission may look to broader seasonalization should future studies support this. Peseau, Dj 19 United Water Idaho Inc. these very comfortableproceedings recommending that the present 250/0 seasonal rate spread be continued.corresponding and very important aspect of continuing with the 250/0 seasonal rate differential is that the public already has faced this differential for many years and since it also is supported by the COSS , would not require considerable education attached to making major changes to the present differential. This issue is , to a large extent also a rate design issue and is discussed in the context of complete rate design below. RATE DESIGN What is your overall rate design proposal? I recommend that the Commission adopt a rate design that: Raises private fire protection rates at the overage percentage increase in revenue requirement of 21.50/0. Raises customer charges by an approximate 360/0 over present levels. Adopts seasonal commodity rates that have a 250/0 winter/summer differential. Maintains the present distinction among customers on the basis of meter size. Why do you recommend a uniform rate increase for private fire protection equal to the average system rate increase? As this class is not metered , there is a lack of comparable known and measurable data for private fire protection that is available Peseau, Di 20 United Water Idaho Inc. for the general service class.Rather than make additional assumptions recommend the uniform average system rate increase for this class. Why do you recommend that customer charges be raised by 36O/0 Again I begin with references to the casso Schedule discussed above not only reports the COSS results on seasonal costs, but also shows a comparison of existing customer costs to present customer charges. For example , page 1 and page 2 of Schedule 1 indicates that to move customer charges to full cost of service , revenues from this rate component would have to be raised from $7.million to $11 million. And , while I know that considering the raising of customer charges is typically unpopular, the COSS results show that the present customer charges would need to be raised about 51 % if brought 1000/0 in line with customer costs. I do not recommend this. In this case I recommend that customer charges be raised to a level that would approximately move one-half the distance from existing to cost of service. Raising the present customer charge by the average of the overall requested rate increase, 21. and the COSS level of 510/0, for an approximate 360/0 increase would achieve this objective. Peseau, OJ 21 United Water Idaho Inc. What is the outcome of not moving customer charges a significant distance toward cost of service? Any and all costs not recovered in customer charges must be collected in commodity rates that are already well above rates that equal cost of service. In this case, both summer and winter commodity rates are considerably higher than justified on a cost of service basis. I believe that an increase of 360/0 in customer charges fairly balances the goals of gradualism and cost-based rates. Does raising the customer charges "mute the seasonal commodity rate price signals? No. Commodity rate price signals should reflect cost causation. At proposed rates , customer charges will continue to approximately $1.1 million below cost of service. Therefore , far from having "muted" commodity price signals proposed commodity rates recover about $1.million above cost of service. Again , I do not propose a move to full cost of service now, or probably anytime in the near future, but that some substantial increase be made in this case. Do you have other reasons for recommending that the winter/summer commodity rate differential be kept at 250/0, which is at the lower end of your range? Peseau , Oi 22 United Water Idaho Inc. 13 Yes. As I discussed above the 250/0 seasonal differential has been in place for some time. But in addition, this Commission has favored gradual implementation of seasonal rates.For example in the face of a broad range of seasonal cost differences in the recent Idaho Power Company general rate case, this Commission adopted a low end of a seasonal cost differential range of 12./0.The present United seasonal commodity rate differential is twice that adopted for Idaho Power. How might the issue of customers that have flat monthly loads be addressed with regard to the issue of summer bills being higher than for the same uses in the winter? This is the "baths costing more in the summer" issue I referred to in the introduction to my testimony.While seasonal rates obviously cause different levels of billing for the same consumption occurring in different months , customers need to be made aware that there are nevertheless benefits of seasonal rates. For a customer whose consumption is relatively "flat" or level over the year, demonstrations can be made that seasonal rates result in his paying lower annual amounts than in the absence of seasonal rates. Please explain. The following table demonstrates that level consumption under the seasonal rates proposed in this case reduce annual Peseau, Oi 23 United Water Idaho Inc. customers bills.The table compares the annual bills of a customer using the Company average monthly consumption of 10 CCF per month. Here it is assumed that this customer uses this 10 CCF in every month of the year: Seasonal Use Flat Rate Rate Seasonal Month (CCF))$/CCF $/CCF Flat Bill Bjll January $12.$11. February $12.$11. March $12.$11. April $12.$11. May $12.$13. June $12.$13. July $12.$13. August $12.$13. September $12.$13. October $12.$11. November $12.$11. December $12.$11. Total $154.$147. The COSS estimates that the average annual commodity rate in this case is $1.29 per CCF. And , as shown in Schedule 1 , page 1 , the proposed seasonal commodity rates in this case are $1.11 and $1.39 per CCF for the winter and summer seasons, respectively. The table prices out the level consumption of 10 CCF under the average annual versus the seasonal rates for this customer. In this instance, the customer saves $7.60 per year, or over 50/0 with the seasonal rates. Thus while this customer may pay more for a bath in the summer than in the winter, he pays less for the two over the course of the year. Peseau, Di 24 United Water Idaho Inc. Does this conclude your direct testimony? Yes. Peseau, Oi 25 United Water Idaho Inc. Dean J. Miller McDEVITT & MILLER LLP 420 West Bannock Street O. Box 2564-83701 Boise, ID 83702 Tel: 208.343.7500 Fax: 208.336.6912 oe~n1cdevitt - miller. COlD Idaho Pubk . , ;;;ities Commission Office r-f !n~1 SecretaryRECEIVED Nay j 0 2004 Boise, Idaho Attorneys for Applicant BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION OF UNITED WATER IDAHO INC. FOR AUTHORITY TO INCREASE ITSRA TES AND CHARGES FOR WATER SERVICE IN THE STATE OF IDAHO Case No. UWI-O4- BEFORE THE IDAHO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION A TT A CHMENT 1 TO THE DIRECT TESTIMONY OF DENNIS E. PESEAU STATEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL HISTORY AND QUALIFICATIONS DENNIS E. PESEAU Dr. Peseau has conducted economic and financial studies for regulated industries for the past thirty years.In 1972 , he was employed by Southern California Edison Company as Associate Economic Analyst, and later as Economic Analyst. His responsibilities included review of financial testimony, incremental cost studies, rate design, econometric estimation of. demand elasticities and various areas in the field of energy and economic growth. Also he was asked by Edison Electrical Institute to study and evaluate several prominent energy models as part of the Ad Hoc Committee on Economic Growth and Energy Pricing. From 1974 to 1978 , Dr. Peseau was employed by the Public Utility Commissioner of Oregon as Senior Economist. There he conducted a number of economic and financial studies and prepared testimony pertaining to public utilities. In 1978 Dr. Peseau established the Northwest office of Zinder Companies, Inc. He has since submitted testimony on economic and financial matters before state regulatory commissions in Alaska , California , Idaho Maryland , Minnesota, Montana, Nevada , Washington , Wyoming, the District of Columbia , the Bonneville Power Administration and the Public Utilities Board of Alberta on over one hundred occasions. He has conducted marginal cost and rate design studies and prepared testimony on these matters in Alaska California, Idaho, Maryland , Minnesota, Nevada , Oregon , Washington and in the District of Columbia. He has also conducted cost and rate studies regarding PURPA issues in the states of Alaska, California , Idaho , Montana , Nevada , New York , Washington , and Washington, D. Peseau, Di Attachment No. Page 1 of 2 Dr. Peseau holds the B., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in economics. He has co-authored a book in the field of industrial organization entitled Size, Profits and Executive Compensation in the Lan~e Corporation which devotes a chapter to regulated industries. journals: Dr. Peseau has published articles in the following professional Review of Economics and Statistics Atlantic Economic Journal Journal of Financial Manaqement, and Journal of Reqional Science . His articles have been read before the Econometric Society, the Western Economic Association , the Financial Management Association , the Regional Science Association and universities in the United Kingdom as well as in the United States. He has guest lectured on marginal costing methods in seminars in New Jersey and California for the Center of Professional Advancement. He has also guest lectured on cost of capital for the public utility industry before the Pacific Coast Gas and Electric Association, and for the Executive Seminar at the Colgate Darden Graduate School of Business , University of Virginia. Dr. Peseau and his firm have participated with and been members of the American Economic Association , the American Financial Association, the Western Economic Association , the Atlantic Economic Association and the Financial Management Association. He was formerly a member of the Staff Subcommittee on Economics of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. Dr. Peseau has been President of Utility Resources , Inc. since 1985. Peseau, Di Attachment No. Page 20f 2